CN115504777B - Megahertz frequency band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Megahertz frequency band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a megahertz frequency band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of low-frequency wave-absorbing materials, wherein the wave-absorbing material comprises the following chemical formula: ni (Ni) a Zn b Cu c Mg d Fe 15‑a‑b‑c‑d O 20 +xwt%Co 2 O 3 +ywt%CaCO 3 Wherein a is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 2.8,0.5, b is more than or equal to 2,0.4 and less than or equal to c is more than or equal to 1, d is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5, co 2 O 3 And CaCO (CaCO) 3 Is a doping material and is more than or equal to 1 percentx+yLess than or equal to 7; the invention adjusts the complex dielectric constant and complex magnetic conductivity of the material by ion substitution and secondary material, thereby adjusting the wave absorption bandwidth and absorption strength of the nickel-zinc ferrite material, and the nickel-zinc ferrite material can be enabled to have a smaller thickness (d) by adjusting the formula parameters<4.0 mm) realizes-10 dB effective wave absorption bandwidth, has the frequency of 100-1000 MHz, and can be widely applied to the field of low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-frequency wave-absorbing materials, in particular to a megahertz frequency band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the electromagnetic wave interference shielding technology and the electromagnetic wave absorption technology can effectively weaken the leakage of electromagnetic radiation. Although absorption and reflection of the electromagnetic wave shielding material greatly contribute to electromagnetic wave shielding performance, the reflected wave cannot be completely eliminated, and there is still a possibility that adverse effects may be caused on electronic components inside the precision electronic instrument device. Therefore, an ideal material for attenuating electromagnetic wave energy should be an electromagnetic functional material that is dominant in absorbing electromagnetic waves.
Incident electromagnetic waves can maximally enter the interior of the material rather than being reflected at the interface where the material is in contact with air, which is a prerequisite for achieving strong absorption, which requires good impedance matching between the wave-absorbing material and air, the ideal impedance matching being that the impedance of the material is exactly equal to that of air. If the impedance is mismatched, namely the impedance of the material is obviously different from that of air, the incident electromagnetic wave can be seriously reflected on the surface of the material, and the wave absorbing effect can be greatly weakened.
According to the theory of transmission lines, for a certain thicknessdWhen the impedance of air is the wave absorbing materialZ 0 Load impedance with wave-absorbing materialZ i When equal, the two reach the actual ideal impedance matching, and no reflected electromagnetic wave exists. In the low frequency band, taking the P band as an example, the wavelength range of the electromagnetic wave is 0.3-1 m, the existing wave absorbing material is difficult to realize high-performance wave absorption in the P band, and the main reason is that the wavelength is longer, the thickness of the wave absorbing material is required to be thicker, meanwhile, the material is difficult to realize good impedance matching with air, so that the electromagnetic wave is reflected strongly on the surface of the material, and is difficult to enter the material to be absorbed.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a ferrite wave absorbing material with high performance in the megahertz band, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: megahertz (MHz)The chemical formula of the wave-absorbing material is as follows: ni (Ni) a Zn b Cu c Mg d Fe 15-a-b-c-d O 20 +xwt%Co 2 O 3 +ywt%CaCO 3 Wherein a is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 2.8,0.5, b is more than or equal to 2,0.4 and less than or equal to c is more than or equal to 1, d is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5, co 2 O 3 And CaCO (CaCO) 3 Is a doping material and is more than or equal to 1 percentx+y≤7。
In order to solve the problem that the wave absorbing material is difficult to realize high-performance absorption in the megahertz frequency band, the invention combines Co doping into the nickel-zinc ferrite 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Ca 2+ And the metal cations with the valence of +2 are used for adjusting the complex dielectric constant and complex magnetic permeability of the nickel-zinc ferrite, so that the impedance matching characteristic and electromagnetic attenuation characteristic of the material are regulated and controlled, and the aim of enhancing the wave absorbing performance of the low-frequency end of the nickel-zinc ferrite material is fulfilled. Wherein Cu is 2+ Can reduce the sintering temperature of nickel zinc ferrite and Mg 2+ And Ca 2+ Can play a role in increasing dielectric constant, co 2+ The magnetism and complex permeability of the nickel zinc ferrite can be adjusted.
The megahertz frequency band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material provided by the invention can enable the ferrite material to realize the wave-absorbing performance of-10 dB within the range of 100-1000 MHz under the thickness of 3.6 mm.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the megahertz frequency band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material, which adopts the technical scheme that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ball milling for the first time: according to the chemical formula Ni a Zn b Cu c Mg d Fe 15-a-b-c-d O 20 Weighing raw materials, performing primary wet ball milling, wherein the mass ratio of the raw materials to balls to deionized water is 1 (3-6) (1-2), the ball milling rotating speed is 160-220 r/min, the duration is 6-12 h, and then drying to obtain primary ball grinding materials;
(2) Presintering: sieving the primary ball milling material obtained in the step (1), presintering at 850-1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4-8 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain presintering material;
(3) Secondary ball milling: according to the presintered material and Co 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 100:x : yweighing and mixing raw materials, ball milling the mixture and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1 (1.5-2) for 6-10 h, and then drying to obtain the secondary ball grinding material;
(4) Granulating: adding the secondary material prepared in the step (3) into an adhesive, granulating and sieving, wherein the mass ratio of the secondary material to the adhesive is 100 (3-10);
(5) And (3) forming: placing the fine powder subjected to granulation into a mould for pressing, wherein the pressure is 80-150 MPa, and obtaining a green body of the material;
(6) Sintering: and (3) sintering the green body obtained in the step (5) in an atmosphere furnace at 1080-1220 ℃ for 4-8 h.
As a preferable technical scheme: in the step (1), the mass ratio of ball-milled materials to deionized water is 1:1.5, and the ball-milling time is 8 hours.
As a preferable technical scheme: in the step (2), the presintering temperature is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours.
As a preferable technical scheme: in the step (3), the step of (c),xandythe range of the values is as followsx＋y=5。
As a preferable technical scheme: in the step (4), the adhesive is an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and the concentration is 5-15 wt%.
As a preferable technical scheme: in the step (6), the sintering temperature is 1120-1160 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the complex dielectric constant and complex magnetic conductivity of the material are regulated and controlled by ion substitution and secondary materials, so that the wave absorption bandwidth and absorption strength of the nickel-zinc ferrite material are regulated, and the effective wave absorption bandwidth of-10 dB can be realized under the condition that the thickness of the nickel-zinc ferrite is thinner (d is less than 4.0 mm) by regulating the formula parameters, and the frequency is 100-1000 MHz, so that the nickel-zinc ferrite material can be widely applied to the field of low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the temperature rise of a ferrite wave-absorbing material prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan XRD spectrum of a ferrite wave-absorbing block prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional SEM image of a ferrite wave-absorbing block made according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows reflection loss spectra of ferrite wave-absorbing materials prepared by the embodiment of the invention under different thicknesses.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
a high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material in megahertz frequency band is prepared from primary material according to chemical formula Ni 2.4 Zn 1.8 Cu 0.6 Mg 0.2 Fe 10 O 20 Respectively weighing Fe 2 O 3 NiO, znO, cuO, mgO, performing primary ball milling and presintering; then according to the presintered material and Co 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 100:x : yweigh the secondary additives where x=0.5 and y=4.5.
Example 2:
a high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material in megahertz frequency band is prepared from primary material according to chemical formula Ni 2.4 Zn 1.8 Cu 0.6 Mg 0.2 Fe 10 O 20 Respectively weighing Fe 2 O 3 NiO, znO, cuO, mgO, performing primary ball milling and presintering; then according to the presintered material and Co 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 100:x : yweigh the secondary additives where x=1, y=4.
Example 3:
a high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material in megahertz frequency band is prepared from primary material according to chemical formula Ni 2.4 Zn 1.8 Cu 0.6 Mg 0.2 Fe 10 O 20 Respectively weighing Fe 2 O 3 And NiO, znO, cuO, mgO, performing primary ball milling and presintering. Then according to the presintered material and Co 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 100:x : yweigh the secondary additives where x=2 and y=3.
Example 4:
a high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material in megahertz frequency band is prepared from primary material according to chemical formula Ni 2.4 Zn 1.8 Cu 0.6 Mg 0.2 Fe 10 O 20 Respectively weighing Fe 2 O 3 NiO, znO, cuO, mgO, ball milling and presintering, and then mixing the presintering material and Co 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 100:x : yweigh the secondary additives where x=4 and y=1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials according to examples 1-4, wherein the raw materials are all analytically pure;
(1) Ball milling for the first time: carrying out wet ball milling on the weighed raw materials, and forming balls: and (3) material: the ratio of deionized water is 5:2:3, (the balls are zirconia or steel balls), ball milling is carried out for 8: 8h under the condition that the rotating speed is 220 r/min, and then filtering and drying are carried out at 150 ℃;
(2) Presintering: sieving the primary ball milling material, presintering at 1010 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain presintering material;
(3) Secondary ball milling: mixing the presintered material and the secondary additive, ball milling 8h according to the mass ratio of the mixture to deionized water of 1:1.5, and drying to obtain a secondary ball grinding material;
(4) Granulating: adding the prepared secondary ball milling material into an adhesive (aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol with the concentration of 10 wt%) for granulating and sieving, wherein the mass ratio of the material to the adhesive is 100:4;
(5) And (3) forming: placing the fine powder subjected to granulation into a die for pressing, wherein the pressure is 110 MPa, and obtaining a green body of the material;
(6) Sintering: the green body is put into an atmosphere furnace for sintering, the sintering temperature is 1160 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 h, and the specific heating process is shown in figure 1.
Characterization and testing:
the density of the sample was measured by the drainage method, and the results are shown in Table 1, and the ferrite wave-absorbing material of the above exampleThe density distribution interval of the material is 5.1-5.2 g/cm 3 Is basically consistent with the density of the traditional sintered ferrite and follows Co 2 O 3 The density of the sintered nickel zinc ferrite gradually increases.
The surface of the ferrite wave-absorbing material block was ground and the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) was measured, and the result is shown in fig. 2. The nickel zinc ferrite of the four examples all had nearly identical XRD patterns and coincided with the standard card (PDF#08-0234), indicating that spinel type nickel zinc ferrite was successfully prepared. The diffraction peak is not located by doping Co 2 O 3 And CaCO (CaCO) 3 But is significantly altered.
The sintered nickel zinc ferrite block was knocked off, and the microscopic morphology of the cross section was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the results are shown in fig. 3. The particle diameters inside the sintered nickel zinc ferrite of the four embodiments are generally distributed between 3 and 6 μm and all have significant voids, but with Co 2 O 3 The increase in void is slightly reduced, which also confirms the trend of the density change.
Measuring complex dielectric constant of sintered nickel zinc ferrite by Keysight E4991B type impedance analyzerε r =ε'-jε") and complex magnetic permeability%μ r =μ'-jμ") the measurement frequency is 100-1000 MHz. Wherein, the shape of the sample for measuring complex dielectric constant is a square block of 20mm multiplied by 1.5mm, and the shape of the sample for measuring complex magnetic permeability is a circular ring of (phi 15 mm-phi 10mm multiplied by 3 mm). The reflection loss RL is calculated according to the measured complex permittivity and complex permeability, and the formula is:
the reflection loss spectra of the four example samples are shown in fig. 3. The four examples were all 3.8mm thick, 3.9mm thick, and 3.6mm thick for examples 3 and 4, as shown in Table 1, and were all less than 4.0mm thick, and achieve-10 dB absorption at 100-1000 MHz.
TABLE 1 Density and wave absorbing Properties of ferrites of examples 1-4
The performance data described above compares with existing reports:
in the patent CN114400457A, which is a biphase soft magnetic ferrite low-frequency wave-absorbing device and a preparation technology thereof, the wave-absorbing performance shown in figure 6 can reach the wave-absorbing bandwidth of-10 dB of about 570MHz at the thickness of 3.5mm, and the bandwidth frequency range is about 430MHz to 1000MHz; when the thickness is 3.5mm, the absorption frequency of-10 dB is 430 MHz-1000 MHz, and the reflection loss is more than-10 dB at 100-430 MHz;
the nickel zinc ferrite can realize the wave absorbing performance of-10 dB at the thickness of 3.6mm and the frequency of 100-1000 MHz, and the preparation process of the material is simple and is easy for industrial batch production.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A kind of megahertz frequency band high performance ferrite wave absorbing material, characterized by: the wave-absorbing material has the chemical formula: ni (Ni) 2.4 Zn 1.8 Cu 0.6 Mg 0.2 Fe 10 O 20 +xwt%Co 2 O 3 +ywt%CaCO 3 Wherein Co is 2 O 3 And CaCO (CaCO) 3 Is a dopant, wherein x=0.5, y=4.5, or x=1, y=4, or x=2, y=3, or x=4, y=1.
2. The method for preparing the megahertz band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Ball milling for the first time: according to the chemical formula Ni 2.4 Zn 1.8 Cu 0.6 Mg 0.2 Fe 10 O 20 Weighing raw materials, performing primary wet ball milling, wherein the mass ratio of the raw materials to balls to deionized water is 1 (3-6) (1-2), the ball milling rotating speed is 160-220 r/min, the duration is 6-12 h, and then drying to obtain primary ball grinding materials;
(2) Presintering: sieving the primary ball milling material obtained in the step (1), presintering at 850-1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4-8 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain presintering material;
(3) Secondary ball milling: according to the presintered material and Co 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 The mass ratio of (2) is 100:x : yweighing and mixing raw materials, ball milling the mixture and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1 (1.5-2) for 6-10 h, and then drying to obtain the secondary ball grinding material;
(4) Granulating: adding the secondary material prepared in the step (3) into an adhesive, granulating and sieving, wherein the mass ratio of the secondary material to the adhesive is 100 (3-10);
(5) And (3) forming: placing the fine powder subjected to granulation into a mould for pressing, wherein the pressure is 80-150 MPa, and obtaining a green body of the material;
(6) Sintering: and (3) sintering the green body obtained in the step (5) in an atmosphere furnace at 1080-1220 ℃ for 4-8 h.
3. The method for preparing the megahertz band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the mass ratio of ball-milled materials to deionized water is 1:1.5, and the ball-milling time is 8 hours.
4. The method for preparing the megahertz band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the presintering temperature is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours.
5. The method for preparing the megahertz band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the step of (c),xandythe range of the values is as followsx+y=5。
6. The method for preparing the megahertz band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the adhesive is an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and the concentration is 5-15 wt%.
7. The method for preparing the megahertz band high-performance ferrite wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the sintering temperature is 1120-1160 ℃.
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