CN115502419A - Modularization interchangeable SLM forming device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized interchangeable SLM forming device, which comprises an optical system for exciting and controlling a laser beam, a lifting system for bearing a workpiece to form, a powder feeding and spreading system for conveying powder to the lifting system and spreading the powder on a forming substrate of the lifting system, an observation system for observing the forming process conveniently, and a cavity, wherein the optical system is arranged at the top of the cavity, and the laser beam excited by the optical system is vertically downward; the observation system is arranged in the cavity; the powder feeding and powder spreading device is characterized in that a mounting port I and a mounting port II which reach the inner cavity of the cavity are formed in the side wall of the cavity, and the lifting system and the powder feeding and powder spreading system are installed in the inner cavity of the cavity or detached from the inner cavity of the cavity through the mounting port I and the mounting port II respectively. The powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system are independently and modularly designed, and quick installation and disassembly are carried out through a pull-type installation and disassembly mode. A new lifting system can be quickly replaced after a workpiece is formed, and when powder paving fails, the lifting system can be quickly replaced aiming at the powder feeding and powder paving system. And after the system is replaced by a new system, the system can be quickly restarted to form a 3D printing task.

Description

Modularization interchangeable SLM forming device

Priority application

The priority of the chinese patent application No. (CN 202211136413.3) filed on 9/19 2022 as claimed in this application, [ a modular interchangeable SLM forming apparatus ], and chinese patent application No. (CN 202211136832.7) filed on 9/19/2022 as claimed in this application, [ a method for additive manufacturing ], both priority patent applications are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a modularized and interchangeable SLM forming device.

Background

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a relatively widely applied and reliable item in the additive manufacturing technology, the technology melts preset powder materials through fine laser focusing light spots and then manufactures products in a form similar to printing, the density of the products is close to 100%, and the product performance is equivalent to that of a traditional forged piece.

The existing SLM forming equipment is generally integrated, a forming cavity, a lifting system, a powder spreading system, an optical system, an observation system and the like are all integrated, after forming work is completed, a workpiece needs to be taken out of the forming cavity, and then the lifting system is subjected to work such as powder cleaning, work substrate replacement and the like. The above processes are complicated, a large amount of time is consumed, and in the time period, the whole forming equipment is in an idle state, so that the equipment use efficiency is reduced, and the efficiency of the whole forming work is reduced when a plurality of workpieces are required to be printed. In addition, the powder placement system is also a module that often fails during workpiece forming. Repair of the dusting system is also time consuming.

Chinese patent CN214214760U discloses a modular frame structure towards differentiation additive manufacturing equipment demand, a plurality of lower margin including equipment shell and bottom, equipment shell bottom open end links to each other with the plane on the chassis, the inside laser storehouse that sets up of equipment shell, the powder storehouse is connected on the plane under the laser storehouse, the main frame is connected on the plane under the powder storehouse, the inside lifting module that sets up of main frame, outer frame wall and footing bracket inner wall connection, equipment shell, laser storehouse and chassis are fixing device, bottom bracket, powder storehouse, main frame and lifting module can choose to join in marriage the change.

Although the lifting module and the powder bin can be selectively replaced in the patent, the aim of the device is to adapt to the forming work of workpieces with different specifications through the combination of different powder bins, lifting modules and the like. Therefore, the replacement process is also complicated, the method is suitable for replacing the workpieces in batches after the workpieces are formed, and the time consumed for replacing each workpiece after the workpiece is formed is too long compared with the time consumed for cleaning powder and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a modularized interchangeable SLM forming device, a powder feeding and spreading system and a lifting system which can be quickly replaced, and an additive manufacturing method based on the forming device. .

In order to solve the above mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions: a modularized interchangeable SLM forming device comprises an optical system for exciting and controlling a laser beam, a lifting system for carrying a workpiece to be formed, a powder feeding and spreading system for conveying powder to the lifting system and spreading the powder on the lifting system, an observation system for conveniently observing a forming process, and a cavity, wherein the optical system is arranged at the top of the cavity, the laser beam excited by the optical system faces downwards vertically, the laser beam is controlled to irradiate a forming area on a forming substrate in the lifting system, and the focus of the optical system is on a forming plane; the observation system is arranged in the cavity; the powder feeding and powder spreading device is characterized in that a mounting port I and a mounting port II reaching the inner cavity of the cavity are formed in the side wall of the cavity, and the lifting system and the powder feeding and powder spreading system are respectively installed in the inner cavity of the cavity or detached from the inner cavity of the cavity through the mounting port I and the mounting port II.

The principle of the invention lies in that the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system are independently designed in a modularized way, and the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system are quickly installed and disassembled in a pulling and installing and disassembling way. The lifting system which can be quickly replaced and cleaned after the workpiece is formed can be quickly replaced when the powder feeding and spreading system fails.

As an improvement, the lifting system is arranged in a shell I and is fixed on a positioning mounting plate I by utilizing the shell I, and the positioning mounting plate I and the mounting opening I have the same size and shape; positioning guide mechanisms matched with each other are arranged on the shell I and in the cavity inner cavity;

the powder feeding and spreading system is arranged in the shell II and is fixed on the positioning mounting plate II by utilizing the shell II, and the positioning mounting plate II and the mounting opening II have the same size and shape; and the shell II and the cavity inner cavity are internally provided with positioning and guiding mechanisms which are matched with each other.

As an improvement, the positioning and guiding mechanism comprises a guiding part for providing a moving path, and a moving part which can move along the guiding part, when the moving part moves along the guiding part, the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is installed in the cavity inner cavity, and the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is integrated with the SLM forming device; when the moving part moves along the moving path, so that the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is separated from the cavity inner cavity, the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is independent of the SLM forming device.

As an improvement, the positioning guide mechanism comprises a positioning boss and a positioning groove; alternatively, a slide and a slide/roller; or a guide shaft and a guide sleeve.

As an improvement, the inner edges of the positioning mounting plates I and II are provided with sealing elements. Preferably, the sealing element is an O-shaped sealing ring or a sealing rubber strip.

As an improvement, a powder recovery bin is arranged in the shell I, and an opening of the powder recovery bin is arranged on the top surface of the shell I and used for recovering redundant powder during powder paving.

As an improvement, the lifting system comprises a cylindrical lifting cabin, and an opening of the lifting cabin is positioned on the top surface of the shell I; a forming substrate capable of moving along the axial direction of the lifting cabin is arranged in the lifting cabin and is driven by a lifting motor; and a guide bar for guiding the forming substrate.

As an improvement, the mounting port I and the mounting port II are positioned on different side walls of the cavity.

As an improvement, the powder feeding and powder spreading system comprises a powder spreading scraper and a powder feeding device, wherein the powder spreading scraper and the powder feeding device are driven by a powder spreading movement device to move synchronously.

As an improvement, the powder feeding and spreading system is positioned between the optical system and the lifting system; the top surface of the shell II is provided with a hollow part, and a laser beam excited by the optical system can penetrate through the hollow part and irradiate on the forming substrate in the lifting system.

As an improvement, a circulating gas path inlet and a circulating gas path outlet are arranged on the positioning mounting plate II; and an air blowing port and an air suction port are arranged in the shell II.

In another aspect of the present invention, an additive manufacturing method is provided, which is based on a modular interchangeable SLM forming apparatus and a master control system thereof, wherein the modular interchangeable SLM forming apparatus includes: the laser forming device comprises a cavity, an optical system, a powder feeding and spreading system and an observation system, wherein the optical system is used for exciting and controlling a laser beam, the lifting system is used for bearing a workpiece to be formed, the powder feeding and spreading system is used for conveying powder to the lifting system and spreading the powder on the lifting system, the observation system is used for observing a forming process conveniently, the optical system is arranged at the top of the cavity, the excited laser beam is vertically downward, the laser beam is controlled to irradiate in a forming area on a forming substrate in the lifting system, and a focus is on a forming plane; the observation system is arranged in the cavity; the side wall of the cavity is provided with a mounting port I and a mounting port II which reach the inner cavity of the cavity, and the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system are respectively mounted in the inner cavity of the cavity or dismounted from the inner cavity of the cavity through the mounting port I and the mounting port II; accordingly, the additive manufacturing method comprises the steps of: the main control system responds to a third request which is triggered by a user and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a fifth control instruction which indicates that the current forming task is stopped, and sends the fifth control instruction to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to stop the current forming task, so that the powder feeding and spreading system is prepared to be replaced; and the master control system responds to a fifth feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the powder feeding and spreading system and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a sixth control instruction indicating that the current forming task is continued, and sends the sixth control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to enable the SLM forming device to quickly continue the current forming task. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: the master control system responds to a second feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and represents that the current forming task is completed, generates first prompt information representing replacement of the lifting system, and feeds the first prompt information back to a user; the main control system responds to a third feedback signal which is input by a user or sent by the lifting system and indicates that the lifting system is replaced, generates a third control instruction indicating that the next shaping task is to be executed, and sends the third control instruction to the SLM shaping device so as to initialize the SLM shaping device and prepare to execute the next shaping task; and the master control system responds to a second request which is input by a user and indicates that the next forming task is started, generates a fourth control instruction which indicates that the next forming task is executed, and sends the fourth control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to control the SLM forming device to quickly start the next forming task. In some embodiments, the first request is generated by triggering when the user finds that the powder feeding and powder spreading system is in failure or the powder is consumed soon. In some embodiments, the first feedback signal is generated by a trigger after the user replaces the powder feeding and powder spreading system. In some embodiments, the cavity corresponds to a first detection device disposed in the installation cavity of the powder feeding and powder spreading system, and accordingly, the first feedback signal is generated when the first detection device detects that a new powder feeding and powder spreading system is replaced into the installation cavity. In some embodiments, the cavity corresponds to a second detection device disposed in the installation cavity of the lifting system, and accordingly, the third feedback signal is generated when the second detection device detects that a new lifting system is replaced into the installation cavity. In some embodiments, the cavity corresponds to a second detection device disposed in the installation cavity of the lifting system, and accordingly, the third feedback signal is generated and fed back when the second detection device detects that the lifting system is installed in place. In some embodiments, the step of responding to the third request is preceded by the step of: the main control system responds to a first request which is triggered by a user and indicates that a current forming task is started, detects whether a lifting system and a powder feeding and spreading system in the SLM forming device are connected, and if yes, generates and sends a first control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to control the SLM device to execute the current forming task. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: and the master control system starts timing after sending the first prompt message, judges whether the third feedback signal is received after a second preset time, and sends a message to the mobile terminal of the user through the Internet of things to prompt the user to replace the lifting system if the third feedback signal is not received. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: and the master control system starts timing after sending the third prompt message, judges whether the fifth feedback message is received after a third preset time, generates and sends a seventh control instruction for stopping the forming task to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to stop the forming task if the fifth feedback message is not received, and sends a fourth prompt message to a user to remind the user to replace the lifting system. In some embodiments, the method of additive manufacturing further comprises, prior to the step of the master control system responding to a user-triggered third request to replace the powder feed dusting system, the step of: and the master control system responds to a fourth feedback signal that the powder material fed back by the SLM forming device is insufficient, and sends second prompt information for prompting to replace the powder feeding and spreading system to the user. In some embodiments, the powder feeding and powder spreading system further comprises a fourth detection device for detecting the amount of stored powder, and accordingly, the fourth feedback signal is generated when the fourth detection device detects that the amount of the remaining powder in the powder feeding and powder spreading system is smaller than a preset threshold value. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: and the master control system starts timing after sending the second prompt message, judges whether the fifth feedback signal is received after the second preset time, and sends a message to the mobile terminal of the user through the Internet of things to prompt the user to replace the powder feeding and spreading system if the fifth feedback signal is not received.

In another aspect of the present invention, an additive manufacturing method is provided, where the additive manufacturing method is based on a modular interchangeable SLM forming apparatus and a master control system thereof, where the modular interchangeable SLM forming apparatus includes: the laser beam shaping device comprises a cavity, an optical system, a lifting system, a powder feeding and spreading system and a system for observing, wherein the optical system is arranged at the top of the cavity and used for exciting and controlling the laser beam to vertically downwards and controlling the laser beam to irradiate in a shaping area on a shaping substrate in the lifting system, and the focus of the laser beam is on a shaping plane; the observation system is arranged in the cavity; the side wall of the cavity is provided with a mounting port I and a mounting port II which reach the inner cavity of the cavity, and the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system are respectively mounted in the inner cavity of the cavity or dismounted from the inner cavity of the cavity through the mounting port I and the mounting port II; the master control system is in data communication with the optical system, the observation system, the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system, a first detection device for detecting whether the powder feeding and spreading system is installed in place and a second detection device for detecting whether the lifting system is installed in place are respectively arranged in the installation cavity of the cavity corresponding to the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system, and correspondingly, the additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the main control system responds to a first request which is triggered by a user and indicates that a current forming task is started, detects whether a lifting system and a powder feeding and spreading system in the SLM forming device are connected and installed in place, and generates and sends a first control instruction to the SLM forming device to control the SLM device to execute the current forming task if the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system are connected and installed in place; if the SLM forming device is not connected or not installed in place, prompting that the SLM forming device is not ready; the master control system responds to a second feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and represents that the current forming task is completed, generates first prompt information representing replacement of the lifting system, and feeds the first prompt information back to a user; and the main control system responds to a third feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the lifting system is replaced, generates a third control instruction indicating that the next forming task is to be executed, and sends the third control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to initialize the SLM forming device and prepare to execute the next forming task.

In some embodiments, when the first detection device detects that the powder feeding and powder spreading system is installed in place, a fifth feedback signal is generated and fed back to the main control system, so that the main control system can determine whether the powder feeding and powder spreading system is installed in place.

In some embodiments, when the second detection device detects that the powder feeding and spreading system is installed in place, the third feedback signal is generated and fed back to the main control system, so that the main control system can determine whether the lifting system is installed in place.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of: and the main control system responds to a second request which is triggered by a user and represents the starting of the next forming task, generates a fourth control instruction which represents the execution of the next forming task, and sends the fourth control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to control the SLM forming device to quickly start the next forming task.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of: the main control system responds to a third request which is triggered by a user and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a fifth control instruction indicating that the current forming task is stopped, and sends the fifth control instruction to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to stop the current forming task, so that the powder feeding and spreading system is prepared to be replaced; and the master control system responds to a fifth feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a sixth control instruction indicating that the current forming task is continued, and sends the sixth control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to enable the SLM forming device to quickly continue the current forming task.

In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: and the master control system starts timing after sending the first prompt message, judges whether the third feedback signal is received after a second preset time, and sends a message to the mobile terminal of the user through the Internet of things to prompt the user to replace the lifting system if the third feedback signal is not received.

In some embodiments, the lifting system comprises a powder recovery bin and a third detection device for detecting whether the powder recovery bin is full; accordingly, the method further comprises the steps of: the master control system responds to a fourth feedback signal which is sent by the third detection device and indicates that the powder recovery bin is full in the process of executing the forming task by the SLM forming device, generates third prompt information indicating that the lifting system is replaced, and feeds the third prompt information back to a user; and when the master control system responds to the fifth feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device or triggered by the user and represents that the lifting system is replaced, generating a second control instruction and sending the second control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to enable the SLM forming device to quickly continue the forming task.

In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: and the master control system starts timing after sending the third prompt message, judges whether the fifth feedback message is received after a third preset time, generates and sends a seventh control instruction representing stopping the forming task to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to stop the forming task if the fifth feedback message is not received, and sends a message to the mobile terminal of the user through the Internet of things to remind the user to replace the lifting system.

In some embodiments, the step of the master control system responding to the third request for replacing the powder feeding and spreading system triggered by the user further comprises the steps of: and the master control system responds to a fourth feedback signal that the powder material fed back by the SLM forming device is insufficient, and sends second prompt information for prompting to replace the powder feeding and spreading system to the user.

In some embodiments, the powder feeding and powder spreading system further comprises a fourth detection device for detecting the amount of stored powder, and accordingly, the fourth feedback signal is generated when the fourth detection device detects that the amount of the remaining powder in the powder feeding and powder spreading system is smaller than a preset threshold value.

In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: and the master control system starts timing after sending the second prompt message, judges whether the fifth feedback signal is received after the second preset time, and sends a message to the mobile terminal of the user through the Internet of things to prompt the user to replace the powder feeding and spreading system if the fifth feedback signal is not received.

The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system are independently and modularly designed and replaced in a pulling mode, so that the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system can be replaced more simply and rapidly, and even can be replaced without tools. In the production process, when a workpiece is formed, the used lifting system and/or powder feeding and spreading system can be replaced by the cleaned lifting system and/or powder feeding and spreading system, so that the production activity is not interrupted for a long time due to cleaning of the lifting system and/or powder feeding and spreading system, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the use efficiency of the whole forming device is improved. Particularly, for batch forming of workpieces with small volume size or smaller breadth, a new lifting system can be immediately replaced to continuously print new workpieces after each workpiece is formed, meanwhile, the formed workpieces can be directly taken down from a forming substrate of the taken-out lifting system, then the lifting system interface is cleaned, the forming process of the batch workpieces cannot be influenced, namely, the lifting system does not need to be manually disassembled, the workpieces do not need to be taken down, and the lifting system is cleaned and then installed in a forming device to continuously print; when the powder feeding and powder paving system breaks down or powder materials are exhausted and the like and need to be replaced, the powder feeding and powder paving system can be directly drawn out, the powder feeding and powder paving system is immediately replaced by a new powder feeding and powder paving system, printing can be continued without manual disassembly, and the forming device is reinstalled after the powder feeding and powder paving system is cleared down or the powder materials are refilled, so that the production stop time is reduced to the maximum extent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are of some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive step.

FIG. 1 is an overall assembly diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the lifting system.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder feeding and spreading system.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method of additive manufacturing of a continuous batch of workpieces according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a flowchart of switching a powder feeding and spreading system in an additive manufacturing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a flowchart of switching a lift system in an additive manufacturing method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: the device comprises a cavity 1, a lifting system 2, a powder feeding and spreading system 3, an optical system 4, an observation system 5, a shell I11, a positioning and mounting plate I12, a positioning boss I13, a guide rod 14, a lifting motor 15, a lifting cabin 16, a forming base plate 17, an opening 18, a shell II21, an air blowing opening 22, a powder feeding device 23, a regulating device 24, a powder spreading scraper 25, a positioning and mounting plate II26, a powder spreading movement device 27, a circulating air path inlet 28, a positioning boss II29 and a circulating air path outlet 30.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Herein, suffixes such as "module", "part", or "unit" used to denote elements are used only for facilitating the description of the present invention, and have no specific meaning in itself. Thus, "module", "component" or "unit" may be used mixedly.

Herein, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

As used herein, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such that the terms "connected," or "connected," as used herein, may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be mechanically coupled, directly coupled, indirectly coupled through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Herein "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

By "plurality" herein is meant two or more, i.e. it includes two, three, four, five, etc.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The term is to be interpreted:

SLM: selective laser melting (Selective laser melting) is a major technical approach in the additive manufacturing of metal materials. The technology selects laser as an energy source, scans layer by layer on a metal powder bed layer according to a planned path in a three-dimensional CAD slicing model, achieves the effect of metallurgical bonding by melting and solidifying the scanned metal powder, and finally obtains the metal part designed by the model.

The use efficiency is as follows: efficiency of use herein refers to the ratio of the operating time of the forming device to the idle time over a period of time, where idle time refers to the time at which the forming process is interrupted for various reasons. For example, in the existing forming device, after one workpiece is formed, the workpiece needs to be taken out, then residual powder and the like on a forming substrate need to be cleaned, and then the next work is formed, wherein the period of starting printing of the next workpiece after the previous workpiece is formed is the idle time of the whole forming device. As another example, in the forming apparatus disclosed herein, after one workpiece is formed, the entire lifting system is directly taken out, and immediately replaced with a new lifting system to continue printing the next workpiece, wherein the period of starting printing the next workpiece after the previous workpiece is formed, i.e. the period of replacing the lifting system, is the idle time of the forming apparatus (which is greatly reduced compared with the idle time during the forming process).

Interchanging: interchanging herein means that one module in the forming device is replaced by the same new module. For example, after a workpiece is formed on a forming substrate, the current lifting system is taken down and replaced with a new lifting system which has the same structure and working principle as the current lifting system, so that the exchange is realized. Similarly, if the powder feeding and spreading system needs to be replaced, the currently used air supply and spreading system only needs to be taken out, and a new powder feeding and spreading system with the same structure and working principle is directly installed.

Integration: integration in this context means that the components that implement the same process flow or process flow are integrally mounted together to form an independent module, and can cooperate with other independent modules to complete the forming process. For example, the lifting module (or lifting system) is formed by integrating various components for lifting the forming substrate, or the powder feeding and spreading module (or powder feeding and spreading system) is formed by installing components such as powder feeding, powder spreading and powder storing components for feeding powder to and spreading powder on the forming substrate in one shell through reasonable local design, so that the powder feeding and spreading module (or powder feeding and spreading system) can be independent of the forming device.

Example 1: in a modular frame structure for the demand of differential additive manufacturing equipment in the prior art, according to the actual demand of printing parts, modules with different structural sizes and functions inside the equipment are selected, and bottom brackets, powder bins, a main frame and lifting modules with different structures are directly installed and combined together, so that the equipment with brand new configuration can be obtained. The lifting module is arranged on the main frame through screws, and a shell is arranged outside the lifting module. The invention conception is that different forming devices are assembled and formed, quick disassembly and assembly cannot be realized, and the use efficiency of the whole forming device cannot be changed, namely different from the invention conception of the invention, the problems which the invention aims to solve cannot be solved at all.

In order to realize the quick replacement of the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system, so as to improve the use efficiency of the forming device, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the invention provides a modularized interchangeable SLM forming device, which comprises an optical system 4 for exciting and controlling a laser beam, a lifting system 2 for carrying a workpiece to form, a powder feeding and spreading system 3 for conveying powder to the lifting system 2 and spreading the powder on the lifting system 2, and an observation system 5 for facilitating the observation of the forming process, and further comprises a (sealed) cavity 1, wherein the optical system 4 is arranged at the top of the cavity 1 in a sealing manner, the excited laser beam is controlled to irradiate the forming area on a forming substrate in the lifting system, and the focus is on the forming plane; the observation system 5 is hermetically arranged in the cavity 1; the side wall of the cavity 1 is provided with a mounting port I and a mounting port II which reach the inner cavity of the cavity, and the lifting system 2 and the powder feeding and spreading system 3 are respectively installed in the inner cavity of the cavity 1 through the mounting port I and the mounting port II or are detached from the inner cavity of the cavity 1.

In this embodiment, the cavity 1 is defined by front and rear side walls, left and right side walls, and top and bottom walls. The optical system 4 is arranged on the top wall, and the mounting port I and the mounting port II are located on different side walls, for example, the mounting port I is arranged on the front side wall and the mounting port II is arranged on the left side wall.

Specifically, the lifting system 2 is installed in a casing I11 and fixed on a positioning installation plate I12 by using the casing I11, and the positioning installation plate I12 and the installation opening I have the same size and shape; the shell I11 and the cavity of the cavity 1 are provided with positioning and guiding mechanisms which are matched with each other; the lifting system comprises a cylindrical lifting cabin 16 (of course, the lifting cabin can be a lifting cabin with other shapes), and the opening of the lifting cabin 16 is positioned on the top surface of the shell I11; a forming substrate 17 capable of moving along the axial direction of the lifting cabin 16 is arranged in the lifting cabin 16, and the forming substrate 17 is driven by a lifting motor 15; and also comprises guide bars 14 for guiding the shaped base plate 17. Namely, the lifting cabin, the forming base plate, the lifting motor and the like are integrated into the shell I11 to form an independent and quick-replaceable lifting system.

The powder feeding and spreading system 3 is arranged in the shell II21 and is fixed on the positioning mounting plate II26 by utilizing the shell II21, and the positioning mounting plate II26 and the mounting opening II have the same size and shape; and positioning guide mechanisms which are matched with each other are arranged on the shell II21 and in the inner cavity of the cavity 1. The powder feeding and spreading system 3 comprises a powder spreading scraper 25 and a powder feeding device 23, wherein the powder spreading scraper 25 and the powder feeding device 23 are driven by a powder spreading movement device 27 to move synchronously. In addition, an adjusting device 24 for adjusting the height of the powder spreading scraper 25 is also included. Namely, the powder feeding device, the powder spreading scraper, the powder spreading movement device, the adjusting device and the like are integrated in the shell II21 to form an independent and quick-replaceable powder feeding and spreading system.

The powder feeding and spreading system 3 is positioned between the optical system 4 and the lifting system 2; the top surface of the shell II21 is provided with a hollow part, and laser excited by the optical system 4 can penetrate through the hollow part to irradiate on the forming substrate 17 of the lifting system 2.

In addition, a circulating gas path inlet 28 and a circulating gas path outlet 30 are arranged on the positioning mounting plate II 26; an air blowing port 22 and an air suction port (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the shell II21, that is, a circulating air path is also integrated in the powder feeding and spreading system. For removing metal splatter during the forming process. The reason for integrating it into the powder feeding and spreading system 3 is that the object of removing the splashes can be better achieved by being close to the forming area. Secondly, the suction port needs to be cleaned after a long time use, and the suction port is more conveniently integrated with the detachable portion.

Therefore, the mounting port I and the mounting port II are arranged on different sides, the purpose of the mounting port I and the mounting port II is to avoid the interference of the positioning mounting plate I12 and the positioning mounting plate II26, and the distance between the powder feeding and spreading system 3 and the lifting system 2 can be designed to be smaller, so that the whole equipment is miniaturized.

The positioning and mounting plate is used for positioning firstly, and when the positioning and mounting plate is level with the side wall of the cavity 1, the positioning and mounting plate is installed in place. Secondly, the mounting plate is positioned to seal the mounting opening and prevent foreign matters from entering, so that the cavity 1 not only serves as a supporting mechanism of the whole device, but also serves as a shell to shield the internal device. And for some easily oxidized powder materials, such as metal powder materials, the powder materials need to be in a sealed space, so that the positioning and mounting plates I12 and II26 are internally provided with sealing elements along the edges. Preferably, the sealing element is an O-ring or a bead, which further improves the sealing property. In addition, the O-shaped sealing ring has elasticity, so that the positioning mounting plate is in interference fit with the cavity 1, and looseness in the use process is avoided.

In this embodiment, the positioning and guiding mechanism includes a guiding component disposed on the wall of the cavity inner cavity for providing a moving path for the housing I or the housing II, and a moving component disposed on the positioning and mounting plate I or the positioning and mounting plate II and capable of moving along the moving path provided by the guiding component, wherein when the moving component moves along the moving path so that the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is installed in the cavity inner cavity, the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is integrated with the SLM forming device; when the moving part moves along the moving path, so that the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is separated from the cavity inner cavity, the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is independent of the SLM forming device.

In some embodiments, the positioning guide mechanism includes a positioning boss (moving member) and a positioning groove (guide member). The positioning boss extends along the movement direction of the lifting system 2 or the powder feeding and spreading system 3, is matched with the positioning groove for guiding, and is also used as a supporting component to support the lifting system 2 or the powder feeding and spreading system 3 in the cavity 1 without arranging other supporting mechanisms. The positioning boss and the positioning groove can be arranged on the shell, and can also be arranged in the cavity, such as the side wall. For example, if the positioning boss I13 is provided on the housing I11, the positioning groove I is provided in the cavity 1, and if the positioning boss II29 is provided on the housing II21, the positioning groove II is provided in the cavity 1. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but may be modified to achieve the same purpose.

A powder recovery bin is arranged in the shell I11, and an opening 18 of the powder recovery bin is arranged on the top surface of the shell I11. In the invention, the powder recovery bin is also integrated into the lifting system 2, because the powder recovery bin needs to be replaced after overflowing, and the time is wasted if the powder recovery bin is independently arranged and replaced independently. Therefore, the two are integrated together and uniformly replaced, and the working procedure is saved.

Embodiment 2, based on the above-mentioned modularized interchangeable SLM forming apparatus and its master control system (e.g., an upper computer, or a controller integrated in the forming apparatus), the present invention further provides an additive manufacturing method, including the steps of:

the main control system responds to a first request which is triggered by a user and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a first control instruction indicating that the current forming task is stopped, and sends the first control instruction to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to stop the current forming task, so that the powder feeding and spreading system is prepared to be replaced;

and the main control system responds to a first feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the powder feeding and spreading system and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a second control instruction indicating that the current forming task is continued, and sends the second control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to rapidly restart the current forming task.

In some embodiments, the master control system starts timing after receiving the first request, and determines whether the first feedback signal is received after a first preset time (e.g., 1-5 min), and if not, sends a message to the user side through the internet of things to prompt the user to replace the powder feeding and spreading system.

In specific implementation, the SLM device is in data communication with an upper computer, namely a master control system.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:

the master control system responds to a second feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and represents that the current forming task is completed, generates first prompt information representing replacement of the lifting system, and feeds the first prompt information back to a user; specifically, the information can be sent to the user side of the user in a short message mode, a WeChat mode, an application end message mode or the like; of course, the first prompt information can also be directly displayed on a user interface of the main control system, or other modes which can enable a user to know the first prompt information in time;

the main control system responds to a third feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the lifting system and indicates that the lifting system is replaced by the lifting system, generates a third control instruction indicating that the next forming task is to be executed, and sends the third control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to initialize the SLM forming device and prepare for executing the next forming task;

and the main control system responds to a second request which is triggered by a user and represents the starting of the next forming task, generates a fourth control instruction which represents the execution of the next forming task, and sends the fourth control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to control the SLM forming device to quickly start the next forming task.

In some embodiments, the master control system starts timing after sending the first prompt message, and determines whether the third feedback signal is received after a second preset time (e.g., 1min-3 min), and if not, sends a message to the user side through the internet of things to prompt the user to replace the lifting system.

In some embodiments, the first request is generated by triggering when the user finds that the powder feeding and powder spreading system is in failure or powder is consumed up quickly; correspondingly, the first feedback signal is generated by triggering after the user replaces the powder feeding and spreading system.

In some embodiments, the cavity corresponds to a mounting cavity of the powder feeding and powder spreading system, and a first detection device is arranged in the mounting cavity, and accordingly, the first feedback signal is generated when the first detection device detects that a new powder feeding and powder spreading system is replaced into the mounting cavity.

In some embodiments, the cavity corresponds to a second detection device disposed in the installation cavity of the lifting system, and accordingly, the third feedback signal is generated when the second detection device detects that a new lifting system is replaced into the installation cavity.

In some embodiments, the first detecting device includes a trigger protrusion and a trigger button (the trigger button is communicated with a control module of the SLM forming device) respectively installed at the end of the positioning guide mechanism and in the corresponding installation cavity, and the trigger protrusion presses the trigger button after the positioning guide mechanism is installed in place (after the positioning guide mechanism is installed in place, when a forming task is started, the module or system can work normally, and the SLM forming device cooperates with other modules or systems to complete the forming task), so that the SLM forming device generates a feedback signal indicating that the powder feeding and spreading system has been replaced after receiving the trigger signal. Of course, other devices can be used to implement the method, so that after the powder feeding and powder spreading system is installed in place, the SLM forming device is triggered to generate a feedback signal indicating that the powder feeding and powder spreading system is replaced.

Of course, based on the same principle, the second detection device may also adopt the same structure as the first detection device, and the description thereof is omitted.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:

the master control system responds to a fourth feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the powder recovery bin is full in the process of executing the current forming task, generates third prompt information indicating that the lifting system is replaced, and feeds the third prompt information back to a user;

and when responding to the fifth feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the lifting system is replaced, the master control system generates the second control instruction and sends the second control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to rapidly restart the current forming task.

In some embodiments, the master control system starts timing after sending the third prompt message, determines whether the fifth feedback signal is received after a second preset time (for example, 1min to 3 min), and sends a message to the user side through the internet of things to prompt the user to replace the lifting system if the fifth feedback signal is not received.

Embodiment 3, based on the above-mentioned modular interchangeable SLM forming device and its master control system (e.g. upper computer, or controller integrated in the forming device), the present invention further provides an additive manufacturing method, comprising the steps of:

s11, the main control system responds to a first request which is triggered by a user and indicates that a current forming task is started, detects whether all modules (such as a lifting system and a powder feeding and spreading system) are connected or not, if yes, step S12 is executed, and if not, step S13 is executed.

In some embodiments, the operation of the forming task is initiated when the user quickly installs the modules, e.g., the lift system and the powder delivery and placement system, into the cavity such that the lift system and the powder delivery and placement system automatically communicate with the master control system. Specifically, a corresponding function button for starting the forming task can be directly clicked in a user interface of the main control system, or a preset control member can be operated.

In some embodiments, the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system are in data communication with the main control system through a wireless network, so that when the two systems are installed, the main control system can automatically detect whether the two systems are connected.

In other embodiments, a first detection device (e.g., an electromagnetic relay, a point contact switch, etc.) may be disposed in the mounting cavity of the cavity corresponding to the powder feeding and spreading system, and a second detection device (e.g., an electromagnetic relay, a point contact switch, etc.) may be disposed in the mounting cavity corresponding to the lifting system, respectively, to detect whether the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system are mounted in place. Accordingly, the first detection means generates and feeds back a feedback signal indicating that the powder feeding and spreading system is mounted in place when detecting that the powder feeding and spreading system is mounted (including that a new powder feeding and spreading system is replaced) in the mounting chamber, and/or the second detection means generates and feeds back a feedback signal indicating that the powder feeding and spreading system is mounted in place when detecting that the lifting system is mounted (including that a new lifting system is replaced) in the mounting chamber.

For example, the first detecting device includes a trigger protrusion and a trigger button (the trigger button is electrically connected to the main control system or the control module of the forming device) respectively installed at the axial end (the end facing the inner wall of the cavity) of the positioning boss and the corresponding installation cavity corresponding to the axial end of the positioning boss, that is, when the positioning guide mechanism is installed in place, the protrusion presses the trigger button, so that the SLM forming device receives the trigger signal and generates a feedback signal indicating that the powder feeding and spreading system has been replaced (or installed in place). Of course, other devices can be used for realizing the operation, so that after the powder feeding and powder spreading system is installed in place, the SLM forming device is triggered to generate a feedback signal indicating that the powder feeding and powder spreading system is replaced.

Accordingly, before each forming task is executed, the main control system needs to detect whether the powder feeding and spreading system and the lifting system are connected, and simultaneously (or before or after) needs to detect whether the two systems are installed in place, so that the smooth operation of the forming task is further ensured.

Of course, based on the same principle, the second detection device may also adopt the same structure as the first detection device, and the description thereof is omitted.

S12, generating and sending a first control instruction for executing the current shaping task to the SLM shaping device so as to control the SLM shaping device to execute the current shaping task.

S13, prompting that the forming device is not ready.

In other embodiments, specific ones of the systems (or modules) that are not connected and/or which ones of the systems (modules) that are not in place may also be displayed on the user interface.

And S14, the main control system responds to a second feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the current forming task is completed, generates first prompt information indicating that the lifting system is replaced, and feeds the first prompt information back to a user.

In some embodiments, the main control system may send the message to the user side of the user through a short message, a WeChat, an application message, or the like; of course, the first prompt message can be directly displayed on a user interface of the main control system, or other modes which enable the user to know the first prompt message in time can be adopted, so that the user can do other work during the current forming task without being stuck by the forming device, for example, sorting the workpiece of the previous forming task, or preparing for the next forming task, and the like.

In some embodiments, because the forming device performs additive manufacturing according to a predetermined printing path, after printing is completed, a corresponding feedback signal is sent to the main control system.

And S15, the main control system responds to a third feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the lifting system is replaced by the lifting system, generates a third control instruction indicating that the next forming task is to be executed, and sends the third control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to initialize the SLM forming device and prepare for executing the next forming task.

In some embodiments, the master control system starts timing after displaying the first prompt message through the user interface, and determines whether the third feedback signal is received after a second preset time (e.g., 1min-3 min), and if not, sends a message to the user side (e.g., the mobile terminal of the user) through the internet of things to prompt the user to replace the lifting system, so as to prompt the user to replace the lifting system in time, thereby ensuring the use efficiency of the forming device.

In some embodiments, the third feedback information is generated to the main control system when the second detection device detects that the new lifting system is installed in place.

In other embodiments, the third feedback signal may be generated by a user activating a corresponding activation function button (e.g., a function option of the replaced elevator system displayed by the user interface) via the user interface after the user replaces the new elevator system.

And S16, responding to a second request which is triggered by the user and represents the starting of the next forming task, generating a fourth control instruction which represents the execution of the next forming task by the main control system, and sending the fourth control instruction to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to quickly start the next forming task.

In some embodiments, before the main control system starts the next forming task, it is also required to detect whether the modules (e.g., the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system) are connected and installed in place, that is, whether the SLM forming device is ready, if so, start the next forming task, otherwise, prompt that the forming device is not ready.

In the forming process, the powder material is not enough due to long-time workpiece printing, and at the moment, the SLM forming device reports a feedback signal that the powder material is not enough and needs to be replaced; accordingly, the method further comprises the steps of:

and the master control system responds to a fourth feedback signal that the powder material fed back by the SLM forming device is insufficient, and sends second prompt information for prompting to replace the powder feeding and spreading system to the user. Specifically, the powder feeding and spreading system further includes a fourth detection device disposed in the powder storage cylinder for detecting the powder storage amount (specifically, a sensor for detecting the remaining powder amount, such as a rotation-resistant level sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, etc., may be disposed in the powder storage cylinder), and performs data communication with the main control system). In some embodiments, the fourth detecting device may employ a sensor for detecting the remaining amount of the powder in the powder storage cylinder.

And the master control system starts timing after sending the second prompt message, judges whether the fifth feedback signal is received after a second preset time (for example, 1min-3 min) is passed, and sends a message to the mobile terminal of the user through the Internet of things to prompt the user to replace the powder feeding and spreading system if the fifth feedback signal is not received.

In some scenarios, for example, when the user is located by the main control system (for example, whether the mobile terminal of the user is within a communication range of the wireless communication module of the main control system may be detected, and if so, it is indicated that the user is located by the main control system), the main control system may first send a prompt message, such as the first prompt message and the second prompt message, to the user interface of the main control system, and when the user does not receive the corresponding feedback signal for a predetermined time, the prompt message is sent to the mobile terminal of the user through the internet of things.

In other scenarios, for example, when a user operates or monitors multiple SLM forming devices to perform corresponding forming tasks at the same time, the user may not be in the communication range of the current master control system, and therefore, the first sending of the prompt message and the second sending of the prompt message by the master control system may both be sent to the mobile terminal of the user through the internet of things.

Of course, in other embodiments, during the forming process, the user may also trigger the replacement of the powder feeding and spreading system according to actual needs, for example, when the user finds that the powder is exhausted or insufficient to support the forming task, or when the powder feeding and spreading system fails, the method further includes the steps of:

and S17, the main control system responds to a third request which is triggered by a user and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a fifth control instruction which indicates that the forming task is stopped, and sends the fifth control instruction to the SLM forming device to control the SLM forming device to stop the forming task so as to prepare for replacing the powder feeding and spreading system.

In other embodiments, when the powder is exhausted or insufficient to support the forming task, or the powder feeding and spreading system fails, the SLM forming device will automatically stop the current forming task and feed back a corresponding feedback signal to the main control system.

And S18, the main control system responds to a fifth feedback signal which is triggered by a user or sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the powder feeding and spreading system is replaced, generates a sixth control instruction indicating a continuous forming task, and sends the sixth control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to rapidly restart the forming task.

In some embodiments, the fifth feedback signal is generated by triggering after the user replaces the powder feeding and powder spreading system, or is fed back when the detection device corresponding to the powder feeding and powder spreading system detects that the powder feeding and powder spreading system is installed again.

In some embodiments, the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system in the SLM forming device are in data communication with the main control system in a wireless communication manner. Of course, a communication interface can be arranged on the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system, and when the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is arranged in the cavity, a data communication line connected with the main control system is plugged.

In some embodiments, the user may trigger generation of the above requests at a user interface of the main control system, or may trigger generation of the requests through corresponding control keys or replacement keys preset on the SLM forming device.

In some embodiments, a powder recovery bin and a corresponding third detection device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) for detecting whether the powder recovery bin is full of powder are further disposed in the lifting system, and accordingly, the method further includes the steps of:

and S19, the main control system responds to a sixth feedback signal which is sent by the third detection device and indicates that the powder recovery bin is full in the process of executing the forming task by the SLM forming device, generates third prompt information indicating the replacement of the lifting system and feeds the third prompt information back to a user.

In some embodiments, the master control system starts timing after sending the third prompt message, and determines whether the fifth feedback signal is received after a third preset time (e.g., 1min to 3 min), and if not, sends a message to the user side through the internet of things to prompt the user to replace the lifting system.

And S20, when responding to the seventh feedback signal which is sent by the SLM forming device and indicates that the lifting system is replaced, the master control system generates the second control instruction and sends the second control instruction to the SLM forming device so as to rapidly restart a forming task.

In this embodiment, through the interaction between the master control system and the SLM forming device, after the corresponding system is replaced, the corresponding forming task can be started quickly without waiting for a long time, thereby ensuring the use efficiency of the forming device.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A modularized interchangeable SLM forming device comprises an optical system for exciting and controlling a laser beam, a lifting system for bearing a workpiece to form, a powder feeding and laying system for conveying powder to the lifting system and laying the powder on the lifting system, and an observation system for conveniently observing a forming process, and is characterized in that: the laser beam is controlled to irradiate in a forming area on a forming substrate in the lifting system, and the focus is on a forming plane; the observation system is arranged in the cavity; the side wall of the cavity is provided with a mounting port I and a mounting port II which reach the inner cavity of the cavity, the mounting port I and the mounting port II are positioned on different side walls of the cavity, and the lifting system and the powder feeding and spreading system are respectively mounted in the inner cavity of the cavity or dismounted from the inner cavity of the cavity through the mounting port I and the mounting port II; the lifting system is arranged in a shell I and is fixed on a positioning mounting plate I by utilizing the shell I, and positioning guide mechanisms which are matched with each other are arranged on the shell I and in the cavity inner cavity; powder feeding and spreading system is installed in a shell II and fixed on a positioning installation plate II by utilizing the shell II, and positioning guide mechanisms matched with each other are arranged on the shell II and in the cavity inner cavity.

2. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping device according to claim 1 characterized in that: the positioning guide mechanism comprises a guide part for providing a motion path, and a moving part capable of moving along the guide part, and when the moving part moves along the guide part, the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is installed in the cavity inner cavity, and the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is integrated with the SLM forming device; when the moving part moves along the moving path, so that the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is separated from the cavity inner cavity, the lifting system or the powder feeding and spreading system is independent of the SLM forming device.

3. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping device according to claim 1 characterized in that: and sealing elements are arranged on the inner edges of the positioning mounting plate I and the positioning mounting plate II.

4. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping device according to claim 1 characterized in that: and a powder recovery bin is arranged in the shell I, and an opening of the powder recovery bin is arranged on the top surface of the shell I and used for recovering redundant powder during powder paving.

5. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that: the lifting system comprises a lifting cabin, a forming substrate and a lifting motor, wherein the lifting cabin is arranged in the shell I, and an opening of the lifting cabin is positioned on the top surface of the shell I; the forming base plate can move along the axial direction of the lifting cabin under the driving of the lifting motor.

6. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping device according to claim 1 characterized in that: the positioning mounting plate I and the mounting opening I are the same in size and shape.

7. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that: the positioning mounting plate II and the mounting opening II are the same in size and shape.

8. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that: the powder feeding and spreading system comprises a powder spreading scraper, a powder spreading movement device and a powder feeding device which are arranged in the shell II, and the powder spreading scraper and the powder feeding device are driven by the powder spreading movement device to move synchronously.

9. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping device according to claim 1 characterized in that: the powder feeding and spreading system is positioned between the optical system and the lifting system; the top surface of the shell II is provided with a hollow part, and a laser beam excited by the optical system can penetrate through the hollow part and irradiate on a forming substrate in the lifting system.

10. A modular interchangeable SLM shaping device according to claim 1 characterized in that: a circulating gas path inlet and a circulating gas path outlet are formed in the positioning mounting plate II; and an air blowing port and an air suction port are arranged in the shell II.

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