CN115499081A - Method for realizing multi-relay frequency hopping link - Google Patents

Method for realizing multi-relay frequency hopping link Download PDF

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CN115499081A
CN115499081A CN202211177985.6A CN202211177985A CN115499081A CN 115499081 A CN115499081 A CN 115499081A CN 202211177985 A CN202211177985 A CN 202211177985A CN 115499081 A CN115499081 A CN 115499081A
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node
relay
time
frame
synchronization
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梁旭
何苏勤
曾均鹏
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Guangdong Changying Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
    • H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for realizing a multi-relay frequency hopping link, which adopts a time division multiple access technology to plan time slots according to the number of relay nodes required in the link, avoids collision and realizes the multi-relay frequency hopping link at the same time. The relay link process is divided into three stages of initial synchronization, data transmission and service synchronization. After the initial synchronization stage is finished, synchronizing the master node, the relay node and the slave node, establishing a relay system, sending a protocol frame carrying time information at a fixed frequency, and finishing the synchronous network access of the relay node and the slave node in the frequency hopping relay link; and in the data transmission stage, the master node and the slave node carry out frequency hopping data transmission, and in the service synchronization stage, the time information of the whole link is maintained at regular time so as to reduce time errors and ensure the stability of the link. The time information of all nodes in the link is the same as that of the main node, and the frequency hopping is only related to the time information. The method uses protocol frames to maintain the operation of the whole link; the communication state of each node is distinguished by using a time slot count and a time frame count. The frequency hopping relay system can increase or decrease the number of relay nodes according to the actual distance, is suitable for frequency hopping data transmission at an ultra-long distance, and increases the coverage area and stability of the whole system.

Description

Method for realizing multi-relay frequency hopping link
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for realizing frequency hopping links of multiple relay radio stations based on a time division multiple access technology, belonging to the field of spread spectrum communication. Frequency hopping communication is one of the most common ways of spread spectrum communication. The method has the characteristics of rapidness, safety, accuracy, uninterrupted, interception resistance, interference resistance and the like. The wide application is military communication field, especially unmanned aerial vehicle field, is the essential communication mode of modern electronic war.
Background
Frequency hopping communication is a communication method in which the carrier frequency of a signal transmitted by both the transmitter and the receiver changes pseudo-randomly, and frequency hopping relay communication is one of the communication methods commonly used for frequency hopping communication. The cooperative communication technology is a "virtual" MIMO technology, which enables multiple radio stations to share antenna resources after multiple terminals with single antenna are connected, thereby breaking through the limitation of equipment and achieving multi-antenna transmission similar to that of the conventional MIMO system. Nodes that assist users in communicating through a protocol in cooperative communications are called relays. The existence of the relay can not only improve the system performance, but also eliminate network coverage blind spots and increase the coverage area, remarkably improve the performance indexes of a plurality of wireless communication systems such as system throughput, link reliability, energy efficiency and the like, and have great benefits on the coverage range and the communication quality of a frequency hopping network by researching a cooperative communication technology and applying the cooperative communication technology to the frequency hopping communication system.
In the multi-relay frequency hopping link based on the time division multiple access technology, a master node, a relay node and a slave node in the link have the same real-time clock and are synchronized by taking the time information of the master node as a time reference. And meanwhile, all nodes in the link are divided into fixed time slots to avoid collision, the communication states of all nodes are distinguished by using time slot counting and time frame counting, and the stability and the continuity of the whole link are maintained by adopting a periodical service synchronization method.
Disclosure of Invention
1. A method for realizing a multi-relay frequency hopping link is controlled by adopting a chain structure, a main node, a slave node and a plurality of relay nodes are arranged in the link, and the method for realizing the multi-relay frequency hopping link comprises the following steps:
1.1 all nodes set fixed addresses and carry out time slot division according to equal interval time length, the addresses and the time slots are mapped mutually, and a master node controls a relay node and a slave node to access the network, synchronize time and carry out data communication in sequence by using instructions;
1.2 In the initial synchronization stage, all nodes are in the 1 st time slot frequency of the initial synchronization frame after being started (called as the 1 st time slot frequency)F 0 Frequency): the main node sends a synchronous data frame, the rest time slots of the initial synchronous frame are in an idle state, the last time slot of the initial synchronous frame is in a receiving state, the main node detects whether relay node feedback exists or not, if the feedback is not received, the detection process is repeated until the relay node is captured, and the initial synchronous stage is completed;
1.3 Frequency after starting up relay node and slave nodeF 0 In a receiving state, the relay node receives an initial synchronization frame from the master node or the relay node, then calibrates a real-time clock of the relay node to be aligned with time information of the master node, reloads the initial synchronization frame for forwarding, and continuously forwards a plurality of relay nodes until the slave nodes receive the initial synchronization frame, at the moment, time information of all nodes of the whole frequency hopping relay system is consistent with that of the master node, and the frequency hopping relay system enters a synchronization feedback stage;
1.4 In the synchronous feedback stage, a slave node sends a slave node synchronous feedback frame in the next time slot after receiving an initial synchronous frame and finishing time information alignment, a relay node judges that the slave node finishes time information alignment after receiving the slave node synchronous feedback frame, then sends a relay node synchronous feedback frame, the next relay node continues to forward the synchronous feedback frame after receiving the relay node synchronous feedback frame, a master node indicates that the initial synchronization is successful after receiving the relay node synchronous feedback frame, and enters a data sending state of the frequency hopping relay system after finishing two times of initial synchronization;
1.5 effective data transmission stage, all nodes hop frequency once in each time slot, and the frequency hops according to a uniform pseudo random sequence; when a time slot passes in the frequency hopping relay system, adding 1 to a time slot counter, adding 1 to a data transmission time frame when a master node and a slave node complete data communication once, and resetting to enter a service synchronization time frame when the count of the time frame counter is N;
1.6 the master node reads the time information of the master node in the service synchronization stage and sends a service synchronization frame in the next time slot, and the relay node and the slave node calibrate the time of the master node again after receiving the service synchronization frame to complete service synchronization, and the master node returns to the data transmission stage after completing the service synchronization;
1.7 The main node is in a data sending state in a first time slot of each data transmission time frame and is in a data receiving state in a last time slot; the relay node and the slave node transmit the received data and send a data frame containing self effective data according to the time slot mapped by the self address;
2. the method of claim 1, wherein: the initial synchronization frame, the slave node/relay node synchronization feedback frame, the service synchronization frame and the relay system data frame in the aforementioned 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 function as:
2.1 The initial synchronization frame carries master node time information and frequency information, is sent in an independent channel and is used for completing time synchronization and frequency synchronization of links, and the slave node/relay node synchronization feedback frame contains feedback information of a relay node and a slave node and informs the master node that the relay link is successfully built;
2.2 The service synchronization frame carries the time information of the master node, and the relay node and the slave node in the link are calibrated at regular time; the relay system data frame contains effective data with dynamic length;
3. the method of claim 1, wherein: the time slot counter of the above 1.5 counts the communication time slots in the three stages of the initial synchronization time frame, the data transmission time frame and the service synchronization time frame, when the count is M, one time of time synchronization or data communication is completed, the time slot number is cleared, and the time frame number is accumulated;
4. the method of claim 1, wherein: the number of M time slots in the foregoing claim 3 depends on the number of relay nodes in the frequency hopping relay system, and the number of N time frames in the foregoing 1.6 depends on the number of data frames that each node requires the highest transmission; the communication state of each node in the frequency hopping relay system link is switched according to the change of the time slot counter and the time frame counter.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the reasonable division of the time slots can prevent the data loss of the whole frequency hopping relay system caused by the communication state.
2. The service synchronization frame is used for calibrating the relay node and the slave node in the link at regular time, so that clock drift errors can be reduced, and the network robustness is improved;
3. the relay system data frame contains effective data with dynamic length, thereby improving the flexibility of system application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a timing diagram of a frequency hopping relay system.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the initial synchronization process of the frequency hopping relay system.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of data transmission and service synchronization process of the frequency hopping relay system.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a frame format.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by the following description and the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a timing diagram of a frequency hopping relay system, and a frequency hopping relay link is divided into three phases of initial synchronization, data transmission and service synchronization. Each communication state of the frequency hopping relay system is designed into a relay time frame which comprises an initial synchronous relay time frame, a data transmission relay time frame and a service synchronous relay time frame. The initial synchronization process comprises 2 relay time frames, the data transmission process comprises N relay time frames, and the number of N depends on the transmission rate required by a relay system; the service synchronization process contains 1 relay timeframe. Each time frame comprises M fixed time slots, and the number of the M time slots depends on the number of relay stations in the frequency hopping relay system.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of initial synchronization of the frequency hopping relay system, and a method for completing acquisition by a synchronization algorithm of the frequency hopping relay system is an independent channel method. The master node, the relay node and the slave node are all in frequency after being startedF 0 The master node is at the 1 st time slot frequency of the 1 st time frameF 0 And sending a synchronous data frame, wherein the rest time slots of the first time frame are in an idle state, the Mth time slot of the 2 nd time frame is in a receiving state, detecting whether relay node feedback exists or not, if the feedback is not received, repeating the broadcasting process until the relay node is captured, if the feedback of the relay node is received, repeating the whole initial synchronization process, and entering a data receiving and sending following hop stage after finishing the two times of initial synchronization. The value of the time slot M is obtained by formula 1, and x is the number of relay stations in the frequency hopping relay system.
M =2 x (x + 1) (formula 1)
The master node reads self time information, packs and sends an initial synchronization frame, and sends the initial synchronization frame through the radio frequency chip. Frequency after relay node or slave node is startedF 0 Is in a receiving state. And (3) receiving the initial synchronization frame from the master node by the 1 st time frame and 1 st time slot relay station 1, and calibrating a real-time clock of the relay station to be aligned with the master node if the received information read by the relay station is judged to be the initial synchronization frame. Therefore, the main node and the relay station No. 1 can enter the next time slot at the same time to finish time slot alignment; the 1 st time frame and the 2 nd time slot relay No. 1 radio station send initial synchronization frames, if the relay No. 2 radio station or the slave node receives the initial synchronization frames, the relay No. 2 radio station reads the received information and judges the received information as the initial synchronization frames, the real-time clock of the relay No. 2 radio station is calibrated to be aligned with the relay No. 1 radio station, and the initial synchronization frames are continuously broadcast in the next time slot until the slave node receives the initial synchronization frames. The slave node reads the received information and judges the received information as an initial synchronous frame, the real-time clock of the slave node is calibrated to be aligned with the relay number radio station, the synchronous feedback frame is sent, and the frequency hopping relay system enters a synchronous feedback stage.
And in the synchronous feedback stage, the slave node sends a synchronous feedback frame in the next time slot after receiving the initial synchronous frame, the relay station broadcasts and sends the synchronous feedback frame in the next time slot after receiving the synchronous feedback frame, and the relay station continues to broadcast the synchronous feedback frame in the next time slot after receiving the synchronous feedback frame until the host computer shows that the initial synchronization is successful for the first time after receiving the synchronous feedback frame.
In order to prevent synchronization problems, the above process needs to be repeated, and the initial synchronization frame is sent again or the synchronization feedback frame is received to perform the initial synchronization and synchronization confirmation phases for calibrating the time again. The master node, the relay node and the slave node transmit and receive at the same frequency. If the master node receives the feedback twice, the system enters a data communication stage. The purpose of the two initial synchronizations can effectively prevent the synchronization failure of the whole system caused by the interference existing at a certain frequency.
In the figure, four time nodes are respectively used for representing the establishment process of the relay link system, the A node represents that the first relay node receives the time information of the master station and completes synchronization, the B node represents that all the nodes in the link complete time synchronization, the C node represents that the relay link system completes one initial synchronization, the D node represents that the two initial synchronizations are successful, and the initial synchronization process is completed.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of data transmission and service synchronization process of a frequency hopping relay system, in which a master node, a relay node, and a slave node of the frequency hopping relay system start to transmit and receive data in the same frequency hopping pattern, and if there is no data communication in a reception or transmission time slot, the master node, the relay node, and the slave node only change time slots according to their respective real-time clocks and change frequencies by using the frequency hopping pattern. Since the time information of all nodes in the system is the same as the frequency hopping pattern, the time and frequency synchronization of the whole system can be maintained as long as the communication logics of all node time slots correspond to each other. The host machine transmits and receives in the 1 st time slot and the M time slot of the data transmission time frame, and the slave machine receives in the first time slot and transmits in the second time slot of the data transmission time frame. It is assumed that relay station () receives and transmits in the first and second time slots. Wherein, the equation is given by the formula 2.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(formula 2)
The main node and the relay node, the relay node and the relay node, and the relay node and the slave node perform data transmission and frequency hopping through a fixed time slot, and do not need handshaking signals to confirm time for frequency hopping, so that all nodes in a link are liberated, and a bearing frequency value is generated according to time TOD information and a pseudorandom sequence.
Due to various factors such as program operation, distance and the like, errors can be generated on real-time clock clocks of a main node, a relay node and a slave node, time slots of all nodes in a link can be shifted along with the increase of communication time to cause the desynchronization of the nodes in the link, and the time slot deviation generated by the main node, the relay node and the slave node due to the communication time can be corrected through regular service synchronization, so that the data of the frequency hopping relay link can be continuously and stably transmitted. After testing, the master node needs to enter a service synchronization stage every N time frames to calibrate the time information of the relay system. And the relay receives the service synchronization frame at the 1 st time slot of the Nth time frame, and the service synchronization principle is the same as the initial synchronization. The host reads self time information and sends the self time information in a time slot, and the relay node and the slave node calibrate the self time again after receiving the service synchronization frame to complete service synchronization. In the service synchronization, the master node does not need to receive feedback from the relay node or the slave node, and returns to enter a data transmission state after the service synchronization is completed.
In the figure, three time nodes are respectively used for representing a data transmission phase and a service synchronization phase of the relay link system, a node A represents the start of the data transmission phase, a node B represents the start of the service synchronization phase, and a node C represents the start of the next data transmission phase, and the steps are repeated.
Fig. 4 shows four communication protocol frames of the frequency hopping relay communication system, which are an initial synchronization frame, a slave node/relay node synchronization feedback frame, a service synchronization frame, and a relay system data frame. The four protocol frames each include an 8-byte preamble, a 2-byte sync word, and a 1-byte frame type. The preamble format is '1010' of continuous 32 bits, the preamble detection threshold is set to 20 bits, and a frame header is allowed to have a 12-bit error code in wireless communication so as to enhance the fault tolerance of a protocol frame; the synchronization word indicates the starting position of the data in the protocol frame; the frame types of the four protocol frames are initial synchronization frames: 0x02, synchronization feedback frame: 0x03, service synchronization frame: 0xA1, and a relay system data frame 0xA2.
The time information is composed of the values of the hour, minute, second, time slot number and timer of the initial synchronization frame as the value of the real-time frame. After the initial synchronization is completed, the frequency hopping relay system enters a communication state to perform frequency hopping, so that the initial synchronization frame further includes a frequency hopping value of the next time slot. The starting value of the hopping pattern is the same as the frequency value. The CRC check is used to check the initial synchronization frame.
The relay node feedback frame comprises an ID number, the slave machine feedback frame comprises the ID number at the end, and the master node judges whether the whole relay link is communicated or not by receiving the feedback frame. The CRC check is used to check the feedback frame.
The time information of the service synchronization frame is the same as that of the initial synchronization frame, and the main node sends the service synchronization frame after every N data transmission time frames are finished, so that the aim of synchronizing the whole frequency hopping relay system again after N data transmission phases of the relay system are finished is fulfilled, and the stability of the system is ensured. The CRC check is used to check the service synchronization frame line.
And the relay system data frame is used for data transmission of the frequency hopping relay system, and whether the data frame is effective or not is judged according to CRC check. And judging whether the information is the information required by the node according to the ID information, and uploading the data content carried by the data frame to an SCI channel of the main control chip if the judgment is successful.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for realizing a multi-relay frequency hopping link is controlled by adopting a chain structure, a main node, a slave node and a plurality of relay nodes are arranged in the link, and the method for realizing the multi-relay frequency hopping link comprises the following steps:
1.1 all nodes set fixed addresses and carry out time slot division according to equal interval time length, the addresses and the time slots are mapped mutually, and a master node controls a relay node and a slave node to access the network, synchronize time and carry out data communication in sequence by using instructions;
1.2 In the initial synchronization stage, all nodes are in the 1 st time slot frequency of the initial synchronization frame after being started (called as the 1 st time slot frequency)F 0 Frequency): the main node sends a synchronous data frame, the rest time slots of the initial synchronous frame are in an idle state, the last time slot of the initial synchronous frame is in a receiving state, the main node detects whether relay node feedback exists or not, if the feedback is not received, the detection process is repeated until the relay node is captured, and the initial synchronous stage is completed;
1.3 Frequency after starting up relay node and slave nodeF 0 When the frequency hopping relay system is in a receiving state, the relay nodes receive the initial synchronization frame from the main node or the relay nodes, then calibrate the real-time clocks of the relay nodes to be aligned with the time information of the main node, and reload the initial synchronization frame for forwarding, a plurality of relay nodes continuously forward until the slave nodes receive the initial synchronization frame, at the moment, the time information of all the nodes of the whole frequency hopping relay system is consistent with the time information of the main node, and the frequency hopping relay system enters a synchronization feedback stage;
1.4 In the synchronous feedback stage, a slave node sends a slave node synchronous feedback frame in the next time slot after receiving an initial synchronous frame and finishing time information alignment, a relay node judges that the slave node finishes time information alignment after receiving the slave node synchronous feedback frame, then sends a relay node synchronous feedback frame, the next relay node continues to forward the synchronous feedback frame after receiving the relay node synchronous feedback frame, a master node indicates that the initial synchronization is successful after receiving the relay node synchronous feedback frame, and enters a data sending state of the frequency hopping relay system after finishing two times of initial synchronization;
1.5 effective data transmission stage, all nodes hop frequency once in each time slot, and the frequency hops according to a uniform pseudo random sequence; when a time slot passes in the frequency hopping relay system, adding 1 to a time slot counter, completing data communication once by a master node and a slave node, adding 1 to a data transmission time frame, and resetting when the count of the time frame counter is N to enter a service synchronization time frame;
1.6 the master node reads the self time information in the service synchronization stage and sends the service synchronization frame in the next time slot, the relay node and the slave node receive the service synchronization frame and then calibrate the self time again to complete the service synchronization, and the master node returns to enter the data transmission stage after the service synchronization is completed;
1.7 The main node is in a data sending state in a first time slot of each data transmission time frame and is in a data receiving state in a last time slot; the relay node and the slave node transmit the received data and send a data frame containing self effective data according to the time slot mapped by the self address.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the initial synchronization frame, the slave node/relay node synchronization feedback frame, the service synchronization frame and the relay system data frame in the aforementioned 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 function as:
2.1 The initial synchronization frame carries master node time information and frequency information, is sent in an independent channel and is used for completing time synchronization and frequency synchronization of a link, and the slave node/relay node synchronization feedback frame comprises feedback information of a relay node and a slave node and informs the master node that the relay link is successfully built;
2.2 The service synchronization frame carries the time information of the master node, and the relay node and the slave node in the link are calibrated at regular time; the relay system data frame contains dynamic length valid data.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the time slot counter of the 1.5 counts the communication time slots in the initial synchronization time frame, the data transmission time frame and the service synchronization time frame, when the count is M, one time of time synchronization or data communication is completed, the time slot number is cleared, and the time frame number is accumulated.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the number of M timeslots in the foregoing claim 3 depends on the number of relay nodes in the frequency hopping relay system, and the number of N timeslots in the foregoing 1.6 depends on the number of data frames that each node requires the highest transmission; the communication state of each node in the frequency hopping relay system link is switched according to the change of the time slot counter and the time frame counter.
CN202211177985.6A 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 Method for realizing multi-relay frequency hopping link Pending CN115499081A (en)

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