CN115497650A - Combined regeneration method of high-temperature gas cooled reactor molecular sieve bed and low-temperature activated carbon bed - Google Patents
Combined regeneration method of high-temperature gas cooled reactor molecular sieve bed and low-temperature activated carbon bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN115497650A CN115497650A CN202211134927.5A CN202211134927A CN115497650A CN 115497650 A CN115497650 A CN 115497650A CN 202211134927 A CN202211134927 A CN 202211134927A CN 115497650 A CN115497650 A CN 115497650A
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- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/28—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core
- G21C19/30—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps
- G21C19/303—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps specially adapted for gases
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined regeneration method of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor molecular sieve bed and a low-temperature activated carbon bed. The invention combines the process characteristics of molecular sieve bed regeneration and low-temperature activated carbon bed regeneration, combines the two regeneration processes, and the two regeneration processes can generate a cross process in the cooling process of the molecular sieve bed, and utilizes the low-temperature gas generated in the natural heating process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed to cool the molecular sieve bed, and simultaneously the heated low-temperature gas enters the low-temperature activated carbon bed to rapidly heat the low-temperature activated carbon bed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of helium purification of reactors, in particular to a combined regeneration method of a molecular sieve bed and a low-temperature activated carbon bed of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor.
Background
The helium purification system of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor comprises two important purification units, namely a molecular sieve bed and a low-temperature activated carbon bed. The molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed reach a saturated state after working for a period of time, and then need to be regenerated to recover the purification function. The regeneration of the molecular sieve bed is that high-temperature helium gas is provided by a regeneration system, flows through and heats the molecular sieve adsorbent in the molecular sieve bed, so that hydrolysis adsorbed by the molecular sieve is released, cooled and condensed by a regeneration water/helium cooler, and is separated and discharged from a gas/water separator. Molecular sieve adsorbed CO 2 And simultaneously desorbed, and part of the adsorbed molecular sieve is transferred to the auxiliary molecular sieve to be adsorbed, and then the regeneration is obtained by vacuum desorption. The regeneration of the activated carbon bed in the low-temperature activated carbon bed is realized by that a regeneration system provides high-temperature helium gas to heat the activated carbon in the low-temperature activated carbon bed, so that gaseous impurities adsorbed by the activated carbon are released and discharged along with the regenerated helium gas, and then the combined regeneration is obtained by vacuumizing and desorbing.
At present, in the regeneration process of a purification system, the molecular sieve adsorbent and the activated carbon in the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed have large loading capacity, so that the heat capacity is large, the temperature reduction is very slow in the regeneration process, the low-temperature activated carbon bed has a heat preservation effect, the duration of the natural heating desorption process before regeneration is long, and the problems cause the regeneration efficiency of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor helium purification system to be low, so that the existing regeneration method needs to be optimized, the regeneration process is more reasonable, and the regeneration effect and the regeneration efficiency are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a combined regeneration method of a molecular sieve bed and a low-temperature activated carbon bed of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor.
The invention provides a combined regeneration method of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor molecular sieve bed and a low-temperature activated carbon bed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The molecular sieve bed is connected into a regeneration loop for heating and circulating until the water content of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed is less than or equal to 3000ppm and the liquid level of the gas-water separator does not rise obviously;
(2) Exhausting the molecular sieve bed to normal pressure, and then connecting the molecular sieve bed to an auxiliary molecular sieve bed loop for heating and regeneration until the water content of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed is not obviously reduced;
(3) After the molecular sieve bed is exhausted to the normal pressure again, the molecular sieve bed, the low-temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop are communicated, low-temperature gas in the low-temperature activated carbon bed flows through the molecular sieve bed to cool the low-temperature activated carbon bed, the heated low-temperature gas returns to the low-temperature activated carbon bed through the cooling of the regeneration loop to heat the low-temperature activated carbon bed until the temperature of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and then the molecular sieve bed is isolated from the low-temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop;
(4) And vacuumizing the molecular sieve bed and heating and regenerating the low-temperature activated carbon bed at the same time.
In some embodiments, before step (1), the method further comprises depressurizing the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed.
In some embodiments, the molecular sieve bed is vented to 0.5 ± 0.1MPa and the low temperature activated carbon bed is vented to atmospheric pressure.
In some embodiments, the step (4) of evacuating the molecular sieve bed is completed when the degree of vacuum is less than or equal to 100MPa, and the regeneration process of the molecular sieve bed is completed.
In some embodiments, the heating regeneration of the low-temperature activated carbon bed in the step (4) is to connect the low-temperature activated carbon bed into the regeneration loop, and the heating cycle is 16-20h.
In some embodiments, step (4) is followed by jointly evacuating the low-temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop, and when the evacuation is performed until the degree of vacuum is less than or equal to 100MPa, the regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed is completed.
In some embodiments, after the regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed is completed, pure helium gas is filled into the low-temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop, and the low-temperature activated carbon bed is cooled circularly until the temperature of the outlet gas is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
In some embodiments, a cooler, the gas-water separator, a gas compressor and an electric heater are sequentially arranged on the regeneration loop along the gas flow direction, and the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed are connected to a pipeline between the cooler and the electric heater.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary molecular sieve bed is disposed on a bypass between the gas-water separator and the gas compressor.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary molecular sieve bed is used to adsorb water vapor and carbon dioxide such that the molecular sieve bed achieves deep desorption.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the process characteristics of the regeneration of the molecular sieve bed and the regeneration of the low-temperature activated carbon bed, combines the two regeneration processes, and leads the two regeneration processes to have a cross process in the cooling process of the molecular sieve bed, utilizes the low-temperature gas generated in the natural heating process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed to cool the molecular sieve bed, and simultaneously leads the heated low-temperature gas to enter the low-temperature activated carbon bed to lead the low-temperature activated carbon bed to be quickly heated.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high temperature gas cooled reactor purge regeneration system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combined regeneration process of the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor.
Description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a molecular sieve bed 1, a low-temperature helium heat exchanger 2, a low-temperature activated carbon bed 3, an electric heater 4, a gas compressor 5, an auxiliary molecular sieve bed 6, a cooler 7, a gas-water separator 8, a first valve 9, a second valve 10, a third valve 11, a fourth valve 12, a fifth valve 13, a sixth valve 14, a seventh valve 15, an eighth valve 16, a ninth valve 17, a tenth valve 18, an eleventh valve 19 and a twelfth valve 20.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The combined regeneration method of the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the attached drawings.
The combined regeneration method of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed comprises the following steps:
(a) Exhausting and depressurizing the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed;
(b) Heating and regenerating the molecular sieve bed;
(c) The molecular sieve bed is connected with an auxiliary molecular sieve bed for operation after exhausting;
(d) Cooling the molecular sieve bed;
(e) Vacuumizing the molecular sieve bed, and heating and regenerating the low-temperature activated carbon bed;
(f) Vacuumizing the low-temperature activated carbon bed;
(g) And cooling the low-temperature activated carbon bed.
Referring to fig. 2, after the regeneration process of the combination of the molecular sieve bed 1 and the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is started, step (a) is first performed to depressurize the exhaust gas of the molecular sieve bed 1 and the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3. Specifically, the molecular sieve bed 1 exhausts gas to 0.5 +/-0.1 MPa, and then is isolated from a helium purification system; the low temperature activated carbon bed 3 is vented to atmospheric pressure, which effectively reduces the amount of radioactive waste gas discharged during regeneration of the low temperature activated carbon bed 3, and is then isolated from the helium purification system.
In the step (b), the molecular sieve bed 1 is heated and regenerated, the molecular sieve bed 1 is connected into a regeneration loop for heating and circulating until the water content of the gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed 1 is less than or equal to 3000ppm and the liquid level of the gas-water separator 8 does not rise obviously.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, a cooler 7, a gas-water separator 8, a gas compressor 5 and an electric heater 4 are sequentially arranged on the regeneration loop along the gas flow direction, and an auxiliary molecular sieve bed 6 is arranged on a bypass between the gas-water separator 8 and the gas compressor 5. The molecular sieve bed 1 is connected into a regeneration loop to form a closed loop, at the moment, a tenth valve 18, a first valve 9, a twelfth valve 20, a sixth valve 14, a seventh valve 15, an eighth valve 16 and a ninth valve 17 are opened, a second valve 10, a third valve 11, an eleventh valve 19, a fourth valve 12 and a fifth valve 13 are closed, a gas compressor 5 compresses helium in the loop, the helium heated by an electric heater 4 circulates through the molecular sieve bed 1 and heats the molecular sieve bed 1, water and carbon dioxide adsorbed by the molecular sieve are continuously desorbed in the heating process, desorbed water vapor is cooled in a cooler 7 of the regeneration loop and condensed and separated in a gas-water separator 8, and carbon dioxide circulates and flows in the system. When the water content of the gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed 1 is less than or equal to 3000ppm and the liquid level of the gas-water separator 8 does not rise obviously, the circulating heating process is stopped. Under different operating conditions, the molecular sieve adsorbs different amounts of impurities, and a single time index cannot cover all regeneration conditions of the molecular sieve bed 1, so that the heating regeneration process of the molecular sieve bed 1 of the invention does not limit the heating time, but gives an acceptance criterion for the end of the heating process, and has wide adaptability.
And (c) after the molecular sieve bed 1 is heated and regenerated, performing step (c), namely, exhausting the gas of the molecular sieve bed 1 and then connecting an auxiliary molecular sieve bed 6 for operation.
Specifically, after the molecular sieve bed 1 is heated and regenerated, all the gas in the molecular sieve and the regeneration loop is discharged to normal pressure. After the molecular sieve bed 1 is heated and regenerated, the gas in the regeneration loop contains a large amount of water and carbon dioxide, and the large partial pressure of the water and the carbon dioxide is not beneficial to the continuous desorption of impurities in the molecular sieve, so that the gas is discharged, the regeneration effect of the molecular sieve can be improved under the condition of less helium loss, and the regeneration time of the molecular sieve is properly shortened.
After the molecular sieve bed 1 is heated and regenerated and exhausted to normal pressure, the auxiliary molecular sieve bed 6 is connected to the regeneration loop, and referring to fig. 1, at this time, the tenth valve 18, the first valve 9, the twelfth valve 20, the sixth valve 14, the fourth valve 12, the fifth valve 13, the eighth valve 16 and the ninth valve 17 are opened, and the second valve 10, the third valve 11, the eleventh valve 19 and the seventh valve 15 are closed. Pure helium is filled into the molecular sieve bed 1 and the regeneration loop, the auxiliary molecular sieve bed 6 is put into the regeneration loop, the helium in the loop is continuously heated, regeneration is started, desorption of impurities adsorbed in the molecular sieve is accelerated due to the fact that the pure helium is filled into the system, meanwhile, deep desorption of the molecular sieve can be achieved due to the adsorption effect of the auxiliary molecular sieve, when the water content of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed 1 is not obviously reduced, the process is finished, and the gas in the molecular sieve bed 1 and the regeneration loop is discharged to the normal pressure state.
And (d) exhausting the molecular sieve bed 1 subjected to deep desorption to normal pressure, then carrying out the cooling process of the molecular sieve bed 1 in the step (d), exhausting the molecular sieve bed 1 to normal pressure again, communicating the molecular sieve bed 1, the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and a regeneration loop, cooling the low-temperature gas in the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 by flowing through the molecular sieve bed 1, cooling the heated low-temperature gas by returning to the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 through the cooling of the regeneration loop to heat the heated low-temperature gas, and isolating the molecular sieve bed 1 from the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and the regeneration loop until the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
Specifically, since the molecular sieve bed 1 is filled with a large amount of molecular sieves, the molecular sieve bed 1 absorbs a large amount of heat during the heating process in the above steps (b) and (c), and since the exterior of the molecular sieve bed 1 is provided with a thermal insulation material, the natural heat dissipation process is very slow. The molecular sieve bed 1 is cooled for two reasons, one reason is that the molecular sieve bed 1 needs to be vacuumized subsequently, and the inlet of the vacuum pump cannot resist high temperature, and the other reason is that the molecular sieve bed 1 is connected to a helium purification system after regeneration is finished, and the molecular sieve bed 1 needs to be cooled in normal temperature state during normal operation. Before the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is regenerated, a natural heating process is provided, because the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is soaked in liquid nitrogen during normal purification operation, the temperature is extremely low, and the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 has a cold insulation measure, although the liquid nitrogen is discharged, the natural heating process is very slow, so in the step, the cooling of the molecular sieve bed 1 and the heating of the low-temperature activated carbon are combined, namely, the molecular sieve bed 1 is cooled by using low-temperature gas generated in the natural heating process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3, and the heated low-temperature gas enters the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 to quickly heat the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3.
Before the process begins, discharging part of impurities which are heated and desorbed in the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3, and then communicating the molecular sieve bed 1, the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and the regeneration loop, wherein at the moment, a sixth valve 14, a seventh valve 15, an eighth valve 16, a ninth valve 17, a tenth valve 18, a second valve 10, a third valve 11 and a twelfth valve 20 are opened; the first valve 9, the eleventh valve 19, the fourth valve 12 and the fifth valve 13 are closed. The low-temperature gas in the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 flows through the molecular sieve bed 1 to cool the low-temperature gas, the heated low-temperature gas returns to the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 to heat the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 through the cooling of the regeneration loop, the circulation is carried out until the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed 1 is less than or equal to 60 ℃, at the moment, the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 can also be heated to the normal temperature state, and then the molecular sieve bed 1 is isolated from the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and the regeneration loop. At this time, the molecular sieve bed 1 is not connected to the regeneration circuit, and the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is connected to the regeneration circuit.
After the molecular sieve bed 1 is cooled, the step (e) is carried out to vacuumize the molecular sieve bed 1 and heat and regenerate the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3.
Specifically, the molecular sieve bed 1 is connected with a vacuumizing device, the molecular sieve bed 1 is vacuumized, the vacuumizing is finished when the vacuum degree of the molecular sieve bed 1 is less than or equal to 100MPa, and the regeneration process of the molecular sieve bed 1 is finished. And (3) performing a heating regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 while vacuumizing the molecular sieve bed 1, wherein the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is connected into a regeneration loop, a sixth valve 14, a seventh valve 15, an eighth valve 16, a ninth valve 17, a tenth valve 18, a second valve 10, a third valve 11 and an eleventh valve 19 are opened, and a first valve 9, a twelfth valve 20, a fourth valve 12 and a fifth valve 13 are closed. Helium heated by the electric heater 4 circularly flows through the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and heats the activated carbon, impurities adsorbed by the activated carbon are continuously desorbed in the heating process, and after the heating time lasts for 16-20 hours, the heating regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is finished.
And (f) vacuumizing the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 after the heating regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is finished. Specifically, after the low-temperature activated carbon heating regeneration is finished, radioactive waste gas in the loop is discharged to a waste gas treatment system until the radioactive waste gas is discharged to normal pressure, then the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and the regeneration loop start to be jointly vacuumized, and when the vacuum value of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is less than or equal to 100MPa, the regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is finished.
And (g) after the regeneration process of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is finished, cooling the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3. Specifically, pure helium is filled into the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 and the regeneration loop, the low-temperature helium heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3, the helium cools the low-temperature helium heat exchanger 2, the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is cooled circularly until the temperature of gas at the outlet of the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the low-temperature activated carbon bed 3 can be put into the purification system again to operate after cooling is completed.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms may be directed to different embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A combined regeneration method of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor molecular sieve bed and a low-temperature activated carbon bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The molecular sieve bed is connected into a regeneration loop for heating and circulating until the water content of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed is less than or equal to 3000ppm and the liquid level of the gas-water separator does not rise obviously;
(2) Exhausting the molecular sieve bed to normal pressure, and then connecting the molecular sieve bed to an auxiliary molecular sieve bed loop for heating and regeneration until the water content of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve bed is not obviously reduced;
(3) After the molecular sieve bed is exhausted to the normal pressure again, the molecular sieve bed, the low-temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop are communicated, low-temperature gas in the low-temperature activated carbon bed flows through the molecular sieve bed to cool the low-temperature activated carbon bed, the heated low-temperature gas returns to the low-temperature activated carbon bed through the cooling of the regeneration loop to heat the low-temperature activated carbon bed, and the molecular sieve bed is isolated from the low-temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop until the temperature of gas at the outlet of the molecular sieve is less than or equal to 60 ℃;
(4) And vacuumizing the molecular sieve bed and heating and regenerating the low-temperature activated carbon bed at the same time.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising venting and depressurizing the molecular sieve bed and the low temperature activated carbon bed prior to step (1).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the molecular sieve bed is vented to 0.5 ± 0.1MPa and the low temperature activated carbon bed is vented to atmospheric pressure.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (4) of evacuating the molecular sieve bed is completed when the degree of vacuum is less than or equal to 100MPa, and the regeneration of the molecular sieve bed is completed.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating regeneration of the low-temperature activated carbon bed in the step (4) is performed by connecting the low-temperature activated carbon bed into the regeneration loop for 16-20h.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after step (4), jointly evacuating the low temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop, wherein the regeneration of the low temperature activated carbon bed is completed when the evacuation is less than or equal to 100 MPa.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the regeneration of the low temperature activated carbon bed is completed, purified helium gas is introduced into the low temperature activated carbon bed and the regeneration loop, and the low temperature activated carbon bed is cooled cyclically to an outlet gas temperature of 60 ℃ or less.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a cooler, the gas-water separator, a gas compressor and an electric heater are sequentially arranged on the regeneration loop along the gas flow direction, and the molecular sieve bed and the low-temperature activated carbon bed are connected to a pipeline between the cooler and the electric heater.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the auxiliary molecular sieve bed is provided on a bypass between the gas-water separator and the gas compressor.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the auxiliary molecular sieve bed is used to adsorb water vapor and carbon dioxide such that the molecular sieve bed achieves deep desorption.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117553518A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-02-13 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | Helium purification and regeneration device for cryogenic rectification |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117553518A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-02-13 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | Helium purification and regeneration device for cryogenic rectification |
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