CN115492583A - Construction process of outlet shaft under rock mass crushing condition - Google Patents
Construction process of outlet shaft under rock mass crushing condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN115492583A CN115492583A CN202110673738.4A CN202110673738A CN115492583A CN 115492583 A CN115492583 A CN 115492583A CN 202110673738 A CN202110673738 A CN 202110673738A CN 115492583 A CN115492583 A CN 115492583A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
- E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D3/00—Raising shafts, i.e. working upwards from the bottom
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D7/00—Shaft equipment, e.g. timbering within the shaft
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction process of an outlet vertical shaft under a rock mass crushing condition, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower construction engineering and comprising the following steps of: s1, preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of arranging on-site construction projects according to the actual construction requirement condition of the outlet shaft on site, performing safety education and training on related personnel and performing basic treatment on the bottom of the existing shaft; s2, conducting hole construction of the geological drilling rig; s3, backfilling and supporting the excavated part of the existing shaft; s4, conducting well construction by using a raise boring machine; s5, conducting shaft construction of a vertical shaft heading machine; s6, removing the vertical shaft heading machine and the wellhead system; s7, excavating, supporting and lining the whole section of the wellhead locking section, gradually completing construction of the outlet vertical shaft, effectively utilizing short self-stabilization time of surrounding rocks under the condition of rock mass crushing by adopting a timely supporting mode of excavating one supporting layer in the construction process and timely supporting after excavation, and avoiding large-scale deformation and damage in the construction process of the outlet vertical shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower construction engineering, in particular to a construction process of a wire outlet vertical shaft under a rock mass crushing condition.
Background
The development of western hydropower is limited by conditions such as terrain, landform and the like, and hydropower stations mostly adopt underground structural forms. After being led out from the generator of the underground plant, the high-voltage cable needs to be turned out of the ground through the wire outlet shaft, and the output of the power generation of the underground plant is completed.
When the underground house is buried deeply, the height of the outlet vertical shaft is correspondingly high and is greatly influenced by topographic and geological conditions, and according to the past engineering experience, the underground house and the outlet vertical shaft need to be arranged at positions with good surrounding rock conditions, so that the construction selection point of the hydropower station is greatly limited, particularly in a high earthquake intensity area, the outlet vertical shaft cannot be constructed due to the influence of a fracture zone and poor surrounding rock conditions, and the development of water conservancy and hydropower in China is greatly hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction process of a wire outlet vertical shaft under the condition of rock mass crushing, which can complete the construction of the wire outlet vertical shaft under the condition of balancing safety, economy and efficacy under the condition of rock mass crushing and poor surrounding rock conditions.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction process of an outlet vertical shaft under the condition of rock mass crushing comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of arranging on-site construction projects according to the on-site actual construction requirement condition of the outlet shaft, performing safety education training on related personnel and performing basic treatment on the bottom of the existing shaft;
s2, conducting hole construction of the geological drilling rig;
s3, backfilling and supporting the excavated part of the existing shaft;
s4, conducting well construction by using a raise boring machine;
s5, conducting shaft construction of a vertical shaft heading machine;
s6, removing the vertical shaft heading machine and the wellhead system;
s7, excavating, supporting and lining the whole section of the wellhead locking section;
s8, arranging a gantry crane winch at a well mouth for installation and trial run;
s9, excavating and supporting a well section;
and S10, self-checking and acceptance.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the geological drilling rig pilot hole construction in S2 comprises the following steps:
(1) The excavation and support depth of the shaft is 12m, and the center position can reach the construction condition of a geological drilling rig after 2m of excavation;
(2) Pouring 2m of deep concrete at the bottom of the shaft to be connected with the existing shaft wall to form a geological drill construction foundation;
(3) The geological drilling machine is placed in a shaft for construction, the construction process comprises the steps of firstly excavating a mud pit and a water pool at the position of a bottom foundation, then placing the geological drilling machine and a mud pump at the position of the bottom of the shaft, drilling to a final hole after debugging and commissioning, and finally sweeping the hole to the size required by construction to complete the guide hole construction of the geological drilling machine.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in the construction procedure of S3, considering that a space for installing a shaft heading machine in a shaft is narrow, the shaft is inconvenient to install, the shaft heading machine is heavy, and the like, in order to ensure safety of installation operators and subsequent shaft guiding and shaft heading machine construction, the excavated shaft needs to be backfilled to EL1128m, which is 50cm higher than a natural terrace, to form a sufficient working space with the ground, and a shaft with a diameter of 6m is reserved in the center of the shaft to serve as a starting shaft of the shaft heading machine.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the raise boring machine guide well construction in S4 comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps that a drilling machine is selected and installed, a raise boring machine needs to complete 1.4m well guiding and also needs to undertake the task of lifting a vertical shaft heading machine, the tasks comprise the weight of a drill rod and the necessary lifting capacity needed to be met, a well head cross beam is processed and installed by adopting H-shaped steel, a lifting position of a suspension cage is reserved and then is sealed by a steel plate to form a well head sealing plate and a raise boring machine operation working plate, and the raise boring machine is fixed on the cross beam;
(2) Hole sweeping construction is carried out on the basis of geological drilling rig construction, a guide hole drill bit and a stable drill rod are connected together through screw threads to carry out hole opening operation, and hole opening verticality is further guaranteed by adopting low drilling pressure and low torque steady hole opening until the hole sweeping is carried out to the lower level;
(3) The raise boring machine is used for reaming construction, the reaming bit is slowly conveyed to the lower level and is connected with a drill rod, after the reaming bit is connected, the drilling tool is lifted up slowly until the hob starts to contact with rocks, then the lifting is stopped, the drilling tool is rotated at the lowest rotating speed, the hob is slowly fed to ensure that the hob of the drilling bit is not damaged by overlarge impact, and when the hob breaks away the protruding rocks, the feeding is continued, and the reaming is slowly carried out upwards until the drilling bit is exposed out of the ground;
(4) After reaming, fixing the reaming bit on a wellhead cross beam, dismounting auxiliary equipment of the main machine, dismounting all oil cylinders and motor oil pipes except the main pushing cylinder, installing a drilling machine lifting pull rod, operating a main pushing cylinder plate valve control handle to enable the main pushing cylinder to move upwards slowly to drive a power faucet to go upwards, slowly dumping the main machine, dismounting the main pushing cylinder oil pipes and motor cables after dumping, pushing the main pump station, an oil tank auxiliary pump station, an operating platform and the main machine away from a working position, then lifting the reaming bit away from the wellhead, slowly lowering the reaming bit onto a flat car to push away the wellhead to a safe area, closing the wellhead, cleaning the site, and finishing the well guiding work of all the reverse drilling machines.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the shaft construction of the shaft heading machine in the S5 shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) Positioning: according to the shaft direction measurement result, the extension amount and the supporting force of each supporting oil cylinder are calculated and determined, and are adjusted at any time in the drilling process, so that the drilling direction and the precision requirement are ensured, and the shoe plate is prevented from sliding relative to the shaft wall;
(2) Drilling: starting a motor to drive a drill bit to rotate, starting the hob to break rock, applying corresponding drilling pressure to the thrust oil cylinder according to the physical and mechanical properties and drillability of rock to achieve a rock breaking state of the hob volume until the main thrust oil cylinder extends to the maximum stroke, and slowly stretching and propelling the oil cylinder to sweep holes when the rock condition is poor or the deviation is corrected;
(3) The supporting structure moves: when the main pushing oil cylinder reaches the maximum set stroke position, the drill bit is rotated to be in stable contact with rocks, then the main pushing oil cylinder is locked, 8 supporting oil cylinders are gradually loosened, the supporting force of each supporting oil cylinder is zero, 4 pushing oil cylinders are gradually contracted to enable the supporting frame to move downwards, meanwhile, the ground lifting and twisting equipment lowers the drill rod and the pushing oil cylinders to be synchronous, and after the pushing oil cylinders are all in place, positioning is carried out to carry out the next drilling cycle.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the removing method in S6 is that after the shaft boring machine completes the whole-shaft boring construction, the raise boring machine lifts all the equipment to the position of the wellhead, the underground equipment is fixed on the wellhead beam, after the drill bit is removed, the raise boring machine is lifted off the wellhead by using a crane, and finally the working hanging scaffold, the boring machine power head device, the drill bit, and the like are sequentially lifted out of the shaft by using the crane, and the control system and the like are removed on the ground.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the expanding excavation in S7 and S9 adopts hand-air drilling vertical hole charge blasting, the hole diameter of the drilled hole is phi 42mm, the middle is directly drilled with a burst hole, the periphery adopts smooth blasting, the burst holes are arranged at equal intervals, the ratio of the minimum resistant line to the hole distance is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 m, the plugging material adopts a uniform mixture of yellow mud and sand, the blasting adopts non-electric millisecond plastic detonating pipes in series and parallel connection to form a blasting network to realize micro-difference blasting, an electromagnetic detonator is detonated, in order to reduce the particle size of rock ballast and reduce the occurrence of well plugging accidents, the blasting is carried out by adopting a mode of more punching and less charge, in the actual construction process, the row spacing of blast holes is strictly controlled, and the drilling blasting is carried out in the vertical shaft expanding excavation construction.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the construction in S2 to S9 is performed by circularly constructing the footage in a manner of excavating one layer of support, and the next layer is used as a construction platform during the support construction, and the next circular excavation can be performed only after the support is completed.
In a preferred scheme of the invention, the support construction mainly takes the forms of system anchor rods, reinforcing mesh, keel bars and sprayed concrete.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the construction process from S2 to S5, a hole deviation prevention management measure is adopted, deviation correction is mainly performed in advance, and a bent screw rod and a non-magnetic drill collar are adopted for deviation correction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the scheme, the construction of the outlet shaft is gradually completed by using the combination of raise boring machine guide shaft excavation, shaft heading machine guide shaft excavation and full-face excavation under the condition of rock mass crushing, the construction of the outlet shaft is effectively completed by excavating a timely supporting mode for supporting one layer in the construction process and timely supporting after excavation, the short self-stabilization time of surrounding rocks under the condition of rock mass crushing is effectively utilized, the large-scale deformation and damage possibly occurring in the construction process of the outlet shaft are avoided, the local self-stability of the outlet shaft is ensured, the deformation damage suffered by the outlet shaft is reduced, and the normal operation of the outlet shaft construction is ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example (b):
a construction process of an outlet vertical shaft under the condition of rock mass crushing comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of arranging on-site construction projects according to the actual construction requirement condition of the outlet shaft on site, performing safety education and training on related personnel and performing basic treatment on the bottom of the existing shaft;
according to the field actual construction requirement condition of the outlet vertical shaft, the arrangement of the field temporary construction project is carried out, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the construction road, the construction production life auxiliary facilities and the construction site are arranged, a wind, water and electricity supply system is constructed, a construction ventilation, construction drainage, a construction communication system, transportation in a well and the like are adopted, and the transportation road in the construction road meets the transportation requirement of large equipment along the route.
S2, conducting hole construction of the geological drilling machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The excavation and support depth of the existing shaft is 12m, and the center position can reach the construction condition of a geological drilling machine after excavation for 2 m;
(2) Pouring 2m of deep concrete at the bottom of the shaft to be connected with the existing shaft wall to form a geological drill construction foundation;
(3) The geological drilling machine is placed in a shaft for construction, the construction process comprises the steps of firstly excavating a mud pit and a water pool at the position of a bottom foundation, then placing the geological drilling machine and a mud pump at the position of the bottom of the shaft, drilling to a final hole after debugging and commissioning, and finally sweeping the hole to the size required by construction to complete the guide hole construction of the geological drilling machine.
Adopt tower drilling tool integrated configuration when geological drilling machine guide hole creeps into, can effectively alleviate drilling tool stress concentration, increase the stability of drilling tool gyration, can prevent the hole skew effectively to can provide sufficient drilling pressure, the drilling tool combination that the drill bit of different specifications adopted is shown in the following table:
drilling tool assembly
Remarking: the drilling tool assembly can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions.
The inclination measurement in the construction process adopts a wireless inclination measurement while drilling process, the inclinometer is a Mondner MDN-48KZ mud pulse inclination measurement while drilling instrument, and a wireless measurement while drilling system can monitor in time and can stop a pump to measure the parameters of the track of the borehole at any point. The well drilling time is saved, the measurement precision of the well track is ensured, and the generation of dog-leg degree is reduced. And when the bending of the drill hole is over the limit, analyzing in time, finding out the reason, taking the next step of measures, and immediately using the screw drill to correct the inclination so as to ensure that the inclination of the guide hole is not over the limit. And simultaneously, verifying the hole inclination by using a single-point inclination measuring technology.
In the construction process, in order to make the drill hole capable of being deepened according to the design direction, although a 'prevention-oriented' guideline is implemented, because the factors of generating the drill hole bending are complicated and intricate, some drill holes or hole sections still deviate from the original design direction, and when the drill hole deflection is found, the measures are taken: the measuring distance is adjusted in time, measuring points are added, and the bent part and the change value of the drill hole are cleared, so that necessary measures can be taken for correction, and the bent part of the drill hole is kept in an allowable range; the MDN-48KZ mud pulse inclinometer while drilling monitors well deviation, and once deviation exceeds standard, the deviation is corrected by adopting a bent screw rod and a non-magnetic drill collar, which is the most effective deviation correcting method.
S3, backfilling and supporting the excavated part of the existing shaft;
considering that the space for installing the shaft heading machine in the shaft is narrow, the shaft is inconvenient to install, the shaft heading machine is heavy in weight, and the like, in order to ensure the safety of installation operators and the construction of a later shaft guiding and shaft heading machine, the excavated shaft needs to be backfilled to EL1128m and 50cm higher than a natural terrace to form a sufficient operation space with the ground, and meanwhile, a shaft with the diameter of 6m is reserved in the center of the shaft to be used as a starting well of the shaft heading machine.
The specific construction method comprises the following steps: when backfilling concrete, the diameter of 6m at the center of the shaft is not backfilled, the shaft is used as a shaft boring machine and enters a channel in the shaft after being installed, the width of the backfilled concrete is 2.1m, and the backfilling concrete amount per meter of the shaft is 53.4m3. In order to ensure that the backfilled concrete is fully separated from the constructed concrete well wall, a layer of plywood is arranged on the surface of the well wall which is originally poured before the backfilling of the concrete, so that the full isolation is ensured, and the structure and the attractiveness of the constructed well wall concrete are prevented from being damaged when a large shaft brush is used in the later period.
The backfilling concrete adopts C20, is mixed by a mixing station, a 6m & lt 3 & gt concrete mixer truck is conveyed to a wellhead, backfilling is carried out in a layered mode, the height of each layer is 1500mm, concrete in a shaft is conveyed to a pit by adopting a phi 219 multiplied by 6 seamless steel pipe, a series connection bamboo joint cylinder feeding chute is adopted for pouring underground, so that concrete is prevented from being separated, and a frequency converter is adopted for vibrating.
The template adopts 3015 steel form to prop up the mould, and the section height is 1500mm, makes the enclosure skeleton with 12 channel-section steels in the template outside, guarantees the wholeness and the stability of template, supports and adopts double scaffold frame to erect along the skeleton annular to add bridging and bracing and reliably connect. And the concrete side is connected with the original concrete wall by adopting a phi 12 pull rod in a pulling way, so that the reliable strength of the template is ensured, the template is prevented from shifting and running, and the quality of the backfilled concrete is ensured.
S4, conducting well construction by using a raise boring machine, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps that a drilling machine is selected and installed, a raise boring machine needs to complete 1.4m well guiding and also needs to undertake the task of lifting a vertical shaft heading machine, the tasks comprise the weight of a drill rod and the necessary lifting capacity needed to be met, a well head cross beam is processed and installed by adopting H-shaped steel, a lifting position of a suspension cage is reserved and then is sealed by a steel plate to form a well head sealing plate and a raise boring machine operation working plate, and the raise boring machine is fixed on the cross beam;
(2) Hole sweeping construction is carried out on the basis of geological drilling machine construction, a guide hole drill bit and a stable drill rod are connected together through screw threads to carry out hole opening operation, and hole opening verticality is further guaranteed by adopting stable hole opening with low drilling pressure and low torque until hole sweeping is carried out to the lower level;
(3) Carrying out hole expanding construction on a raise boring machine, slowly conveying a hole expanding drill bit to a lower level, connecting the hole expanding drill bit with a drill rod, after the hole expanding drill bit is connected, slowly lifting the drilling tool until a hob starts to contact with rocks, then stopping lifting, rotating at the lowest rotating speed, slowly feeding to ensure that the hob of the drill bit is not damaged by overlarge impact, and when the hob breaks away the protruding rocks, continuously feeding until the drill bit is exposed out of the ground;
(4) After reaming is finished, fixing the reaming bit on a wellhead cross beam, dismounting auxiliary equipment of the main machine, dismounting all oil cylinders and motor oil pipes except the main pushing cylinder, installing a drilling machine lifting pull rod, operating a main pushing cylinder sheet valve control handle to enable the main pushing cylinder to slowly move upwards to drive a power faucet to go upwards, slowly dumping the main machine, dismounting the main pushing cylinder oil pipes and motor cables after dumping, pushing the main pump station, an oil tank auxiliary pump station, an operating platform and the main machine away from a working position, then lifting the reaming bit away from the wellhead, slowly lowering the reaming bit onto a flat car to push away the wellhead to a safety zone, closing the wellhead, cleaning the site, and finishing the well guiding work of all the raise boring machines.
When the hole is expanded, a specially-assigned person is arranged at the lower side to observe, the condition is timely notified to an operator, and the drill bit can normally expand and drill when all drill bits uniformly contact with rocks. In order to ensure the service life of the drilling machine and the hob, the system pressure is generally limited within 16 MPa. During the reaming process, when the hardness of the rock is higher, the bit pressure can be increased properly, and conversely, the bit pressure can be reduced. During reaming, slag is discharged in time to prevent hole blockage. And (3) reaming process, namely the process of detaching the drill rod, wherein the detached drill rod needs to be cleaned, and the protective cap is well taken after oil is supplied.
When the drill bit expands to 2.5m from the foundation, the drill bit reduces the bit pressure and drills slowly, careful observation is carried out, if abnormal phenomena occur around the foundation, measures are taken in time to carry out treatment, and the drill bit continues to expand slowly until the drill bit is exposed out of the ground.
S5, conducting shaft construction of the vertical shaft heading machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Positioning: according to the measurement result of the shaft direction, the extension amount and the supporting force of each supporting oil cylinder are calculated and determined, and are adjusted at any time in the drilling process, so that the requirements on the drilling direction and the precision are ensured, and the shoe plate is prevented from sliding relative to the well wall;
(2) Drilling: starting a motor to drive a drill bit to rotate, starting the hob to break rock, applying corresponding drilling pressure to the thrust oil cylinder according to the physical and mechanical properties and drillability of rock to achieve a rock breaking state of the hob volume until the main thrust oil cylinder extends to the maximum stroke, and slowly stretching and propelling the oil cylinder to sweep holes when the rock condition is poor or the deviation is corrected;
(3) The supporting structure moves: when the main pushing oil cylinder reaches the maximum set stroke position, the drill bit is rotated to be in stable contact with rocks, then the main pushing oil cylinder is locked, 8 supporting oil cylinders are gradually loosened, the supporting force of each supporting oil cylinder is zero, 4 pushing oil cylinders are gradually contracted to enable the supporting frame to move downwards, meanwhile, the ground lifting and twisting equipment lowers the drill rod and the pushing oil cylinders to be synchronous, and after the pushing oil cylinders are all in place, positioning is carried out to carry out the next drilling cycle.
A shaft guide drilled by a raise boring machine is adopted to drill a second-stage shaft guide with the diameter of phi 5.8m from top to bottom by a vertical shaft heading machine, and broken rock slag falls to the bottom of the shaft through the first-stage slag chute guide by means of dead weight and is discharged through a wire outlet vertical shaft traffic hole by underground transportation equipment. And a BMC600 type raise boring machine and a special multifunctional hanging scaffold are adopted for auxiliary operation, so that the auxiliary work of sinking well, breaking rock, deslagging, temporary supporting and sinking well is realized.
50-ton and 160-ton cranes are adopted on the ground to cooperate, a power head, a supporting device and the like are assembled, a control platform is installed, and the system is debugged. A drill bit of 5.8m and a power head supporting device are sequentially hoisted into a shaft by a 300-ton crane, the drill bit and the power head supporting device are connected together, and a system is started to support a boot plate to a proper position, so that the overall posture of the development machine equipment is ensured to be centered and stable. And (3) sequentially installing a supporting hanging scaffold, a hanging cage, a wellhead cross beam and the like, finally fixing the raise boring machine on the cross beam, starting the system, and lowering a drill rod to be connected with the vertical shaft heading machine to complete the safe lifting of the heading machine.
The shaft boring machine adopts a tooth-inlaid hob to break rock. The shaft boring machine comprises a supporting, propelling, rotating and controlling system and is mainly used for breaking rocks, the hobbing cutters are arranged on a drill bit of the shaft boring machine according to a certain rule, and the hobbing cutters break the rocks under the comprehensive actions of extrusion, shearing, scraping and the like and separate the rocks from the rock mass. The motor drives the gear box gear to reduce speed to realize the rotation of the drill bit, the propulsion oil cylinder slides up and down along a supporting upright post of the development machine through the propulsion driving device to transmit propulsion force to the drill bit, the main frame structure is supported on a rock wall of a shaft wall through the oil cylinder, the upper support system and the lower support system bear rock breaking reverse thrust and torque, after the propulsion oil cylinder completes one stroke, the main frame structure moves downwards for a certain distance along the axis of the shaft well, then the support oil cylinder pushes the support plate to continue to be supported on the shaft wall, after alignment, the next rock breaking circulation is continuously formed, in the drilling process, the support oil cylinder extends out, the support shoe plate is tightly supported on the rock wall, the fixation of a host machine is completed, and meanwhile, the reaction force required by the propulsion oil cylinder to push the cutter head to advance and the rotary reverse torque required by the rotation of the cutter head are transmitted to a rock body. Each supporting boot plate can act independently and be adjusted, so that the posture and the direction of the main machine are controlled, and drilling is carried out according to the designed axis. According to the rock mass condition, the parameters of the shaft heading machine are adjusted in time so as to prevent the support shoe from being unstable due to the fact that the rock mass under the support shoe is damaged. Each tunneling section is 1m in height, a drill bit of the vertical shaft tunneling machine is of a conical structure, broken rock slag slides along a conical surface at the bottom of a shaft, enters a first-stage guide shaft, falls to the bottom of the vertical shaft and is transported by a wire-outlet vertical shaft traffic tunnel transportation system.
S6, removing the vertical shaft heading machine and the wellhead system;
after the shaft boring machine finishes the whole shaft boring construction, all equipment is lifted to a well head position by a BMC600 type raise boring machine, underground equipment is fixed on a well head beam, and after a drill bit is removed, the raise boring machine is lifted away from the well head by a crane. And finally, adopting a 300t crane to sequentially lift the working hanging scaffold, the power head device of the heading machine, the drill bit and the like out of the shaft, and dismantling the control system and the like on the ground.
S7, excavating, supporting and lining the whole section of the wellhead locking section;
and the vertical shaft is excavated from top to bottom to form a well. When the shaft is expanded and excavated, a well mouth needs to be provided with a lifting system, and a coal mine phi 1200 lifting machine is adopted for winding
The steel wire rope lifts the cage, personnel go up and down through the cage, and equipment, materials and tools go up and down by using a 20t gantry craneDuring underground transportation, personnel and material appliances cannot be transported simultaneously, and the cage and the gantry crane can be put into use only after a load test is qualified before the cage and the gantry crane are put into use. A wellhead construction safety platform is arranged at a wellhead, a 16# I-shaped steel frame is safely arranged on a lock catch concrete surface, a delta 3.5mm antiskid steel plate is paved, and a specially-assigned person is arranged to keep the wellhead to receive and send out well entering personnel.
S8, arranging a gantry crane winch at a well mouth for installation and trial run;
the winch foundation is cleaned to the surface of a foundation rock, and the concrete foundation is 20cm higher than the ground so as to be beneficial to construction and drainage. The upper plane of the concrete needs to be flat, the convex-concave change cannot exceed 1.5cm, a winch and auxiliary equipment thereof are installed, a steel wire rope of the winch and a pulley are in a straight line, and the included angle meets the requirement of regulations; ground anchor adopts
The steel bar enters the rock by 2m, a safety device of a winch is installed, the safety device generally comprises a load limiter, a stroke limiter and the like, and the allowable overload value of the winch is generally determined to be not more than 10% of the rated hoisting capacity. Therefore, when the actual load reaches 110% of the rated load, the load limiter should automatically cut off the power supply to stop the motor from rotating. The upper and lower stroke limits are generally provided with a stroke switch controller, and when the hoisting machine is hoisted or descends to exceed a preset value, the stroke switch controller can automatically cut off the power supply to stop the motor from rotating. The winch can be used by an acceptance party after being installed.
S9, excavating and supporting a well section;
after the arrangement of the wellhead section and the wellhead of the outlet shaft is finished, shaft expanding excavation construction is carried out according to a method of 'one-row blasting and one-support', blasting holes are drilled by manually-held YT-28 type hand pneumatic drills, the drilling direction is approximately parallel to the central line of the outlet shaft, the excavation circulating drilling depth is 2.5m, smooth blasting is adopted, slag skimming and surface cleaning are carried out manually after blasting, stone slag is slipped into an outlet wire flat hole in the bottom of the shaft through a guide shaft, and a 3.0m3 loader is used for loading a 20t dump truck to a specified slag abandoning field. The main construction measures are as follows:
(1) And (3) measurement and paying-off: the control measurement adopts a total station as a wire control network, the construction measurement adopts a laser direction indicator and a plumb line for control, and the laser direction indicator is arranged on a wellhead truss girder. The measurement operation is carefully carried out by professional personnel, the position of each hole is marked on the face by red paint before drilling each time, and in addition, measurement inspection is carried out once per shift to ensure the quality of the measurement process.
(2) Drilling operation: and selecting skilled drillers and drilling according to the design strictly. Each driller can perform positioning drilling in different areas and parts, and strict economic responsibility system of the driller operation quality is implemented. Each row of cannons is inspected by a technician on duty according to the requirements of the blasting chart. The deviation of the peripheral hole is not more than 5cm, and the deviation of the blast hole is not more than 10cm. And after slagging off is finished, a protective disc with the diameter of 7m is pulled by a lifting operation disc lifter to seal the guide shaft.
(3) Charging and blasting: the gun worker works seriously according to the drilling and blasting design parameters, and the explosive is rock emulsion explosive. The diameter phi of the explosive roll of the collapse hole and the cut hole is 32mm, continuous charging is carried out, and phi 25mm explosive rolls are selected as peripheral holes and are charged at intervals. After charging, the technician and the professional artillery perform partitioned examination, connect the blasting network, and detonate the work equipment and the materials after withdrawing the work equipment and the materials to a safe area.
(4) Ventilating and smoke dispersing: after blasting, natural wind is adopted for ventilation, and blasting slag piles are subjected to manual watering and dust removal.
(5) Slagging off: the slag removing adopts manual slag removing, and when the slag removing is carried out, the safety protection is needed to be carried out, the safety belt is tied, the safety belt is firmly connected with the safety rope under the plate, and the operation regulation is strictly executed.
(6) And (4) safety treatment: after blasting, safety personnel and skilled workers handle scum and live stones on the well wall, and after slag is discharged, safety inspection and support are carried out again to prepare for next circular drilling operation.
The supporting construction is carried out following the excavation operation, namely, one layer is excavated and one layer is supported. The anchor rod adopts YT-28 hand pneumatic drill for drilling, manual inserted rod and MZ1 grouting pump for grouting. The concrete spraying is carried out by adopting a PZ-6 concrete sprayer, the sprayer is manually held to spray, namely, the concrete is sprayed for 5cm initially, then the anchor rod and the hanging net are drilled, and finally the concrete is sprayed again to the designed thickness. During supporting construction, the working face after excavation is directly used as an operation platform, the next layer of excavation can be carried out after the upper layer of support is completed, and the next circulating excavation can be carried out without the upper layer of support being completed. The concrete spraying material is transported to a well mouth by a mixing station, and a chute arranged in the well is adopted to slide to an operation surface.
The excavation supporting procedure comprises the steps of excavation, slag discharge, initial concrete spraying by 5cm, drilling, anchor rod installation by grouting, reinforcing mesh hanging and concrete re-spraying by 5cm to the designed thickness.
S10, self-checking and acceptance checking, wherein safety measures and construction quality are checked in the whole construction process, and the next construction can be carried out only after acceptance checking is finished, so that the construction quality of the outlet vertical shaft is ensured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and modifications within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The construction process of the wire outlet vertical shaft under the condition of rock mass crushing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation before construction: the method comprises the steps of arranging on-site construction projects according to the on-site actual construction requirement condition of the outlet shaft, performing safety education training on related personnel and performing basic treatment on the bottom of the existing shaft;
s2, conducting hole construction of the geological drilling rig;
s3, backfilling and supporting the excavated part of the existing shaft;
s4, conducting well construction by using a raise boring machine;
s5, conducting shaft construction of a vertical shaft heading machine;
s6, removing the vertical shaft heading machine and the wellhead system;
s7, excavating, supporting and lining the whole section of the wellhead locking section;
s8, arranging a gantry crane winch at a wellhead for installation and trial run;
s9, excavating and supporting a well section;
and S10, self-checking and acceptance.
2. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction process comprises the following steps: the geological drilling rig guide hole construction in the S2 comprises the following steps:
(1) The excavation and support depth of the shaft is 12m, and the center position can reach the construction condition of a geological drilling rig after 2m of excavation;
(2) Pouring 2m of deep concrete at the bottom of the shaft to be connected with the existing shaft wall to form a geological drill construction foundation;
(3) The geological drilling machine is placed in a shaft for construction, the construction process comprises the steps of firstly excavating a mud pit and a water pool at the position of a bottom foundation, then placing the geological drilling machine and a mud pump at the position of the bottom of the shaft, drilling to a final hole after debugging and commissioning, and finally sweeping the hole to the size required by construction to complete the guide hole construction of the geological drilling machine.
3. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the construction procedure of the S3, the narrow space for installing the shaft heading machine in the shaft, inconvenient installation in the shaft, large self-weight of the shaft heading machine and the like are considered, in order to ensure the safety of installation operators and the construction of a later shaft guiding and shaft heading machine, the excavated shaft needs to be backfilled to EL1128m which is 50cm higher than a natural terrace to form a sufficient operation space with the ground, and meanwhile, a shaft with the diameter of 6m is reserved in the center of the shaft to serve as an initial well of the shaft heading machine.
4. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raise boring machine well guide construction in the S4 comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps that a drilling machine is selected and installed, a raise boring machine needs to complete 1.4m well guiding and also needs to undertake the task of lifting a vertical shaft heading machine, the tasks comprise the weight of a drill rod and the necessary lifting capacity needed to be met, a well head cross beam is processed and installed by adopting H-shaped steel, a lifting position of a suspension cage is reserved and then is sealed by a steel plate to form a well head sealing plate and a raise boring machine operation working plate, and the raise boring machine is fixed on the cross beam;
(2) Hole sweeping construction is carried out on the basis of geological drilling machine construction, a guide hole drill bit and a stable drill rod are connected together through screw threads to carry out hole opening operation, and hole opening verticality is further guaranteed by adopting stable hole opening with low drilling pressure and low torque until hole sweeping is carried out to the lower level;
(3) The raise boring machine is used for reaming construction, the reaming bit is slowly conveyed to the lower level and is connected with a drill rod, after the reaming bit is connected, the drilling tool is lifted up slowly until the hob starts to contact with rocks, then the lifting is stopped, the drilling tool is rotated at the lowest rotating speed, the hob is slowly fed to ensure that the hob of the drilling bit is not damaged by overlarge impact, and when the hob breaks away the protruding rocks, the feeding is continued, and the reaming is slowly carried out upwards until the drilling bit is exposed out of the ground;
(4) After reaming, fixing the reaming bit on a wellhead cross beam, dismounting auxiliary equipment of the main machine, dismounting all oil cylinders and motor oil pipes except the main pushing cylinder, installing a drilling machine lifting pull rod, operating a main pushing cylinder plate valve control handle to enable the main pushing cylinder to move upwards slowly to drive a power faucet to go upwards, slowly dumping the main machine, dismounting the main pushing cylinder oil pipes and motor cables after dumping, pushing the main pump station, an oil tank auxiliary pump station, an operating platform and the main machine away from a working position, then lifting the reaming bit away from the wellhead, slowly lowering the reaming bit onto a flat car to push away the wellhead to a safe area, closing the wellhead, cleaning the site, and finishing the well guiding work of all the reverse drilling machines.
5. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and S5, conducting construction of the vertical shaft heading machine comprises the following steps:
(1) Positioning: according to the shaft direction measurement result, the extension amount and the supporting force of each supporting oil cylinder are calculated and determined, and are adjusted at any time in the drilling process, so that the drilling direction and the precision requirement are ensured, and the shoe plate is prevented from sliding relative to the shaft wall;
(2) Drilling: starting a motor to drive a drill bit to rotate, starting the hob to break rock, applying corresponding drilling pressure to the thrust oil cylinder according to the physical and mechanical properties and drillability of rock to achieve a rock breaking state of the hob volume until the main thrust oil cylinder extends to the maximum stroke, and slowly stretching and propelling the oil cylinder to sweep holes when the rock condition is poor or the deviation is corrected;
(3) The supporting structure moves: when the main pushing oil cylinder reaches the maximum set stroke position, the drill bit is rotated to be in stable contact with rocks, then the main pushing oil cylinder is locked, 8 supporting oil cylinders are gradually loosened, the supporting force of each supporting oil cylinder is zero, 4 pushing oil cylinders are gradually contracted to enable the supporting frame to move downwards, meanwhile, the ground lifting and twisting equipment lowers the drill rod and the pushing oil cylinders to be synchronous, and after the pushing oil cylinders are all in place, positioning is carried out to carry out the next drilling cycle.
6. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction process comprises the following steps: and the removing method in the S6 is that after the shaft heading machine finishes the whole shaft heading construction, the raise boring machine lifts all equipment to a well head position, underground equipment is fixed on a well head I-shaped beam, after the drill bit is removed, the raise boring machine is lifted away from the well head by adopting a crane, and finally, the working hanging scaffold, the heading machine power head device, the drill bit and the like are sequentially lifted out of the shaft by adopting the crane, and the control system and the like are removed on the ground.
7. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the expanding excavation in the S7 and the S9, hand-air drill is adopted to drill vertical hole powder charge blasting, the hole diameter of the drilled hole is phi 42mm, the middle part is directly drilled with a breakout hole, smooth blasting is adopted at the periphery, the breakout holes are arranged at equal intervals, the ratio of the minimum resistant line to the hole distance is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 m, the plugging material is uniform mixture of yellow mud and sand, the blasting adopts non-electric millisecond plastic detonating pipes in series and parallel to form a blasting network to realize differential blasting, an electromagnetic detonator is detonated, in order to reduce the grain size of rock ballast and reduce the occurrence of well plugging accidents, the blasting is carried out by adopting a mode of more punching and less powder charge, in the actual construction process, the interval of blast holes is strictly controlled, and the wire outlet vertical shaft expands to dig construction and drill the blasting.
8. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the construction processes from S2 to S9, the footage is circularly constructed by adopting a mode of excavating a layer to support one layer, and when the footage is constructed, the next layer is used as a construction platform, and the next circular excavation can be carried out after the footage is finished.
9. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the main forms of the supporting construction are system anchor rods, reinforcing mesh, keel bars and sprayed concrete.
10. The construction process of the outlet shaft under the rock mass crushing condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) in the construction process from S2 to S5, a hole deviation prevention management measure is adopted, deviation correction is mainly performed as an auxiliary measure, and deviation correction is performed by adopting a bent screw rod and a non-magnetic drill collar.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117052404A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-14 | 中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司 | Secondary well completion construction method based on well reversing drilling process |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117052404A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-14 | 中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司 | Secondary well completion construction method based on well reversing drilling process |
| CN117052404B (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-12-05 | 中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司 | Secondary well completion construction method based on well reversing drilling process |
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