CN115491618B - Aging heat treatment system for reducing anisotropy of aluminum alloy ring piece and improving comprehensive performance - Google Patents
Aging heat treatment system for reducing anisotropy of aluminum alloy ring piece and improving comprehensive performance Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 241000959638 Geastrum saccatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an aging heat treatment method of a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring, which comprises the following steps of axially deforming a quenched aluminum alloy ring, and then carrying out aging heat treatment to obtain the 7xxx aluminum alloy ring; the aging heat treatment comprises three stages of heat treatment steps. The aging heat treatment system for reducing the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy ring piece can improve the comprehensive performance, can reduce the grain size, increase the small-angle grain boundary proportion, promote aging precipitation, increase the size of an intragranular precipitated phase, increase the interval of the grain boundary precipitated phase, increase the PFZ width, improve the mechanical property and toughness of a product, and reduce the anisotropy index of the product by regulating and controlling the volume fraction of a dispersed phase after the ring piece is formed. The aging heat treatment method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and equipment, and can effectively reduce personnel cost and operation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring pieces, relates to an aging heat treatment method of the 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring pieces, and particularly relates to an aging heat treatment system for reducing anisotropy of the aluminum alloy ring pieces and improving comprehensive performance.
Background
The carrier rocket is a basic stone for developing space technology and ensuring space safety, is a carrier for developing and utilizing space resources on a large scale, and has been highly valued at home and abroad for a long time. The light weight requirement of the carrier rocket is high, and aluminum alloy is the best light weight material at present, so that the preparation of the rocket tank and the transition ring by using the aluminum alloy becomes the consensus of researchers at home and abroad. The propellant storage tank is a core component of the carrier rocket, and is used as a liquid container for storing low-temperature propellants such as liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and the like, so that the working environment temperature is extremely low; on the other hand, the main structure of the rocket is used for transmitting flight acting force and is a 'ridge beam' structure of the main bearing force of the rocket. The storage tank is a typical large and thin-wall pressure vessel, the main structural material is usually made of light high-strength aluminum alloy, and parts are assembled and connected through a welding process after being formed. The transition ring is an important part in the structure of the storage tank, is connected with the main structures such as the tank bottom, the short shell, the tank barrel section and the like of the storage tank, bears the load of internal pressure, transmission shaft pressure and bending moment during working, has very complex stress conditions, and clearly indicates that the transition ring is the most critical part of the structure of the storage tank when the NASA is used for developing the space shuttle No. 5 of the earth star.
Anisotropy refers to the property of a substance that changes all or part of its chemical, physical, etc. properties with changes in direction, and exhibits differences in different directions. The ring member has the mechanical characteristics of three different directions of axial direction, radial direction and annular direction due to the forming characteristics, the anisotropy is obvious, and the short plate mechanical property direction severely limits the application of the ring member in the aerospace field. Therefore, the method reduces the anisotropy of the ring, improves the comprehensive performance and has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the structural efficiency and reliability of the aluminum alloy ring for the new generation of carrier rockets. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an alloy three-way mechanical drawing sampling location. Wherein the test directions are RD-TD, TD-RD, TD-AD directions (i.e., tangential, radial, axial), respectively.
In the 50 s of the last century, researchers found that the 2014 aluminum alloy welding process used to manufacture rocket tanks was very complex and poor in performance, failing to meet the new requirements for future spacecraft manufacture. In order to solve the problem of welding cracks in rocket tanks, researchers develop 2219 aluminum alloy for replacing 2014 aluminum alloy, and domestic and foreign researchers develop a series of researches on the 2219 aluminum alloy with the density of 2.84T/m 3 Tensile strength in T851 state is 455MPa, yieldThe strength was 352MPa. So the common ring member of the carrier rocket is 2219 aluminum alloy material at present, the material has the characteristics of higher mechanical property and excellent welding property, for example, the transition ring in the long-sign series carrier rocket is formed by a 2219 aluminum alloy rectangular section integral ring rolling member machine.
However, with the development trend of the aerospace craft towards large-scale, integration and light weight, the strength and the quenching dimension of the 2219 aluminum alloy forging ring for the active carrier rocket are difficult to meet the service requirement of the aluminum alloy connecting ring for the new-generation carrier rocket.
Therefore, how to find a more suitable aluminum alloy ring member with better strength and hardenability has been one of the focus of much attention of many first-line researchers in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an aging heat treatment method for 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring members, in particular to an aging heat treatment system for reducing the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy ring members and improving the comprehensive performance. The 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring piece treated by the aging heat treatment method provided by the invention has super-strong high toughness and high hardenability, can replace the existing 2219 aluminum alloy forging ring, and is an important way for realizing integration and light weight of a spacecraft structural part.
The invention provides an aging heat treatment method of a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring, which comprises the following steps of:
axially deforming the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece, and then performing aging heat treatment to obtain a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring piece;
the aging heat treatment comprises a three-stage heat treatment step;
the temperature of the first-stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃;
the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 155-165 ℃;
the temperature of the third stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃.
Preferably, the time of the first-stage heat treatment is 15-20 hours;
the time of the second-stage heat treatment is 2-4 hours;
the third-stage heat treatment time is 20-24 h.
Preferably, the step of rapid cooling is further included between the second-stage heat treatment and the third-stage heat treatment;
the rapid cooling adopts water cooling, and the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 10s.
Preferably, the deformation amount of the axial deformation is 1.5% -5%;
the quenching mode comprises water quenching;
the water temperature of quenching is 15-38 ℃.
Preferably, the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece is prepared by the following steps:
1) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling to obtain a cast ingot with uniform components;
2) Forging and punching the cast ingot obtained in the steps to obtain a ring blank;
3) And rolling and deforming the ring blank obtained in the steps, and carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching to obtain the quenched aluminum alloy ring.
Preferably, the homogenizing heat treatment comprises a secondary homogenizing heat treatment step;
the temperature of the first-stage homogenization heat treatment is 400-410 ℃;
the time of the first-stage homogenization heat treatment is 12-15 h;
the temperature of the second-stage homogenization heat treatment is 469-475 ℃;
the time of the second-stage homogenization heat treatment is 50-55 h.
Preferably, the cooling mode comprises natural cooling;
the forging mode comprises multidirectional forging;
the forging process is a four-heading three-drawing forging process.
Preferably, the forging temperature is 350-450 ℃;
the deformation of the forging is 45% -55%;
the heat preservation temperature before forging is 430-450 ℃;
the heat preservation time before forging is 20-22 h.
Preferably, the deformation amount of the rolling deformation is 75% -80%;
the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 475-478 ℃;
the solution heat treatment time is 5-6 h.
Preferably, the time interval between the solution heat treatment and the quenching is less than or equal to 15s;
the 7 xxx-series aluminum alloys include one or more of 7085, 7050, and 7a04.
The invention provides an aging heat treatment method of a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring, which comprises the following steps of axially deforming a quenched aluminum alloy ring, and then carrying out aging heat treatment to obtain the 7xxx aluminum alloy ring; the aging heat treatment comprises a three-stage heat treatment step; the temperature of the first-stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃; the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 155-165 ℃; the temperature of the third stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃. Compared with the prior art, the three-way performance index requirements of various storage tank transition rings of the carrier rocket are greatly improved, wherein the improvement amplitude of the elongation index and the three-way performance uniformity requirements are particularly outstanding, and the manufacturing difficulty of the ring piece is greatly increased. Referring to table 1, table 1 shows new and old performance indexes of transition rings of aluminum alloy of carrier rockets 2219 in the companion long sign series.
TABLE 1
As can be seen, along with the improvement of the important requirements of carrier rockets, the adoption of the 7085 super-strength aluminum alloy ring piece with super-strength, high toughness and high hardenability to replace the conventional 2219 aluminum alloy forging ring is a new development trend, and compared with 2219 aluminum alloy, the density of the 7085 super-strength aluminum alloy is 2.80T/m 3 The tensile strength is up to 550MPa, and the hardenability can be up to 300mm. However, 7085 aluminum alloy ring pieces have ultrahigh strength under a single-stage aging heat treatment system, but have lower plasticity and high strength anisotropy. Although the prior art solves the problems of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloyIn the aspect of ring anisotropy, part of researchers use a multidirectional forging process on an aluminum alloy round cast ingot, and utilize repeated deformation in the forging process to fully break up coarse residual crystalline phases in the cast ingot, so as to obtain finer and uniform structures, thereby reducing the length of the crystal grain in the fiber direction in the cerclage process, increasing the volume fraction of equiaxial crystals and reducing the ring anisotropy. However, the present inventors have studied that a large number of lattice defects such as shear bands, dislocations, vacancies, etc. can be formed in the matrix by the large plastic deformation process of "upsetting-drawing". Increasing the deformation amount can refine grains, improve the strength of the material and reduce anisotropy, but has less influence on the elongation. On the other hand, as the equivalent plastic strain is accumulated, high-density dislocation is formed in the crystal, the material is obviously processed and hardened, and recovery annealing is needed in the forging process in order to prevent forging cracking. Therefore, although the multidirectional forging mode is favorable for improving the mechanical property of the material and increasing the fine crystal integral number, the toughness of the material is reduced, the anisotropy index of the elongation is increased, and the problems of complex forging process, high equipment precision requirement, high personnel quality requirement, increased cost and the like exist.
Based on the method, the invention particularly designs an aging heat treatment system for reducing the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy ring piece and improving the comprehensive performance, which is mainly used for the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ring piece, namely a 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring piece. According to the ageing heat treatment system capable of improving the comprehensive performance, after the ring piece is formed, the compression equipment and the heat treatment furnace equipment are utilized, the solid solution-pre-deformation (axial deformation) -ageing heat treatment process is adopted to reduce the grain size, increase the small-angle grain boundary proportion, promote ageing precipitation, increase the size of a precipitated phase in a crystal, increase the separation distance of the precipitated phase in the crystal boundary, increase the PFZ width, improve the mechanical property and toughness of a product, and reduce the anisotropy index of the product by regulating and controlling the volume fraction of a dispersed phase. The aging heat treatment method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and equipment, and can effectively reduce personnel cost and operation cost.
Experimental results show that the three-dimensional impact toughness values of the alloy without pre-deformation are as follows in sequence: TD-RD>TD-AD>RD-TD with a three-way maximum difference of 23J/cm 2 . After pre-deformation, RD-TD is shifted to TD-ADThe impact toughness value is increased and the TD-RD is slightly reduced, and the impact toughness is from high to low: TD-AD>TD-RD>RD-TD with a maximum three-way difference of 20J/cm 2 . Impact toughness anisotropy index was also reduced from 55.48% to 38.85%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an alloy three-way mechanical drawing sampling site;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the residual stress of alloys with different deformation amounts prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the tensile strength of an aluminum alloy metal ring member for single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing yield strengths of aluminum alloy metal rings at single, double and triple aging provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the elongation ratio of an aluminum alloy metal ring piece under single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the strength and elongation anisotropy index comparisons of aluminum alloy gold ring members under single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention and are not limiting of the invention claims.
All the raw materials of the present invention are not particularly limited in their sources, and may be purchased on the market or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
All the raw materials of the invention are not particularly limited in purity, and the invention preferably adopts the purity requirements conventional in the field of industrial pure or 7xxx series aluminum alloy preparation.
All raw materials of the invention, the brands and abbreviations of which belong to the conventional brands and abbreviations in the field of the related application are clear and definite, and the person skilled in the art can purchase from the market or prepare by the conventional method according to the brands, abbreviations and the corresponding application.
The process used in the invention, the abbreviations thereof belong to the conventional abbreviations in the field, the specific steps and the conventional parameters of each abbreviation are clear and definite in the related field, and the process can be realized by a conventional method according to the abbreviations by a person skilled in the art.
The invention provides an aging heat treatment method of a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring, which comprises the following steps of:
axially deforming the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece, and then performing aging heat treatment to obtain a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring piece;
the aging heat treatment comprises a three-stage heat treatment step;
the temperature of the first-stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃;
the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 155-165 ℃;
the temperature of the third stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature of the first-stage heat treatment is 115 to 125 ℃, preferably 117 to 123 ℃, more preferably 119 to 121 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 155 to 165 ℃, preferably 157 to 163 ℃, more preferably 159 to 161 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature of the third stage heat treatment is 115 to 125 ℃, preferably 117 to 123 ℃, more preferably 119 to 121 ℃.
In the present invention, the time of the first-stage heat treatment is preferably 15 to 20 hours, more preferably 16 to 19 hours, and still more preferably 17 to 18 hours.
In the present invention, the time of the second-stage heat treatment is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 2.4 to 3.6 hours, and still more preferably 2.8 to 3.2 hours.
In the present invention, the time of the third stage heat treatment is preferably 20 to 24 hours, more preferably 20.5 to 23.5 hours, still more preferably 21 to 23 hours, still more preferably 21.5 to 22.5 hours.
In the present invention, the step of rapid cooling is preferably included between the second-stage heat treatment and the third-stage heat treatment.
In the present invention, the rapid cooling is performed by water cooling, and the quenching transfer time is preferably 10s or less, more preferably 9s or less, and still more preferably 8s or less.
In the present invention, the deformation amount of the axial deformation is preferably 1.5% to 5%, more preferably 2% to 4.5%, still more preferably 2.5% to 4%, and still more preferably 3% to 3.5%.
In the present invention, the quenching means preferably includes water quenching.
In the present invention, the water temperature for quenching is preferably 15 to 38 ℃, more preferably 20 to 33 ℃, and still more preferably 25 to 28 ℃.
In the present invention, the quenched aluminum alloy ring member preferably includes a solution quenched aluminum alloy ring member.
In the invention, the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece is preferably prepared by the following steps:
1) Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then the cast ingot is obtained by cooling;
2) Forging and punching the cast ingot obtained in the steps to obtain a ring piece;
3) And rolling and deforming the ring piece obtained in the steps, and carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching to obtain the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece.
Firstly, carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then cooling to obtain the cast ingot.
In the present invention, the homogenization heat treatment preferably includes a secondary homogenization heat treatment step.
In the present invention, the temperature of the first-stage homogenization heat treatment is preferably 400 to 410 ℃, more preferably 402 to 408 ℃, and still more preferably 404 to 406 ℃.
In the present invention, the time of the first-stage homogenization heat treatment is preferably 12 to 15 hours, more preferably 12.5 to 14.5 hours, and still more preferably 13 to 14 hours.
In the present invention, the temperature of the second-stage homogenization heat treatment is preferably 469 to 475 ℃, more preferably 470 to 474 ℃, and still more preferably 471 to 473 ℃.
In the present invention, the time of the second-stage homogenization heat treatment is preferably 50 to 55 hours, more preferably 51 to 54 hours, and still more preferably 52 to 53 hours.
In the present invention, the cooling means preferably includes natural cooling.
Finally forging and punching the cast ingot obtained in the steps to obtain the ring piece.
In the present invention, the forging mode preferably includes multi-directional forging.
In the present invention, the forging means preferably includes hot forging.
In the invention, the forging process is preferably a four-heading three-drawing forging process.
In the present invention, the forging temperature is preferably 350 to 450 ℃, more preferably 370 to 430 ℃, and still more preferably 390 to 410 ℃.
In the present invention, the deformation amount of the forging is preferably 45% to 55%, more preferably 47% to 53%, and still more preferably 49% to 51%.
In the present invention, the holding temperature before forging is preferably 430 to 450 ℃, more preferably 434 to 446 ℃, and even more preferably 438 to 442 ℃.
In the present invention, the holding time before forging is preferably 20 to 22 hours, more preferably 20.4 to 21.6 hours, and still more preferably 20.48 to 21.2 hours.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to heat preservation at 430-450 ℃ for about 20-22 hours, hot forging is started, a multi-directional forging process of four upsetting three drawing is adopted in the forging process, the deformation is 50%, and when the temperature of the cast ingot is lower than 350 ℃, the cast ingot is annealed in a furnace, and the processing stress is eliminated.
Finally, rolling and deforming the ring piece obtained in the steps, and carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching to obtain the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece.
In the present invention, the deformation amount of the rolling deformation is preferably 75% to 80%, more preferably 76% to 79%, and still more preferably 77% to 78%.
In the present invention, the temperature of the solution heat treatment is preferably 475 to 478 ℃, more preferably 475.5 to 477.5 ℃, and still more preferably 476 to 477 ℃.
In the present invention, the solution heat treatment time is preferably 5 to 6 hours, more preferably 5.2 to 5.8 hours, and still more preferably 5.4 to 5.6 hours.
In the present invention, the time interval between the solution heat treatment and the quenching is preferably 15s or less, more preferably 14s or less, and still more preferably 13s or less.
In the present invention, the 7xxx series aluminum alloy preferably includes one or more of 7085, 7050, and 7a04, more preferably 7085, 7050, or 7a04.
The invention relates to a complete and refined integral aging heat treatment process, which better improves the electroplating and hardenability of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring piece, and the aging heat treatment system for reducing the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy ring piece can specifically comprise the following steps:
the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ring piece adopts a ten-thousand ton hydraulic press and a multifunctional aging furnace.
Producing an aluminum alloy ingot having an effective size of
Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the cast ingot, so that internal force and uniform structure of the material are eliminated, the homogenizing system is that the heat is preserved for 15 hours at 405+/-5 ℃, then the temperature is increased to 472+/-3 ℃, the heat is preserved for 54 hours, and natural cooling is adopted in a cooling mode.
Forging the cast ingot, punching the cast ingot, and finally rolling the cast ingot into a round shape with the specification ofThe size of the central hole isThe specification of the ring blank is->The wall thickness is 920mm.
The ring is rolled and deformed by using a 3.5 m ring rolling mill, and the rolling speed and the cooling speed are paid attention to in the rolling process, so that the ring is prevented from being unstable, cracked, warped and deformed and the temperature is preventedToo high results in an aluminum alloy overburning phenomenon. The final specification and the size of the ring piece are as follows
Carrying out solution quenching heat treatment on the formed 2250mm grade 7085 aluminum alloy, adopting 4m grade vertical quenching furnace equipment, carrying out cold water quenching after heat preservation for 6 hours at 478 ℃ in a solution heat treatment system, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 15s, and the quenching water temperature ranges from 15 ℃ to 38 ℃.
And axially deforming the quenched aluminum alloy ring by adopting a ten-thousand-ton hydraulic press, wherein the deformation is 3%.
And (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the deformed 7085 aluminum alloy ring piece by adopting a multifunctional aging furnace, wherein the heat treatment system is that the temperature is kept at 120 ℃ for 18 hours, then the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ for 2 hours, the heat is quickly cooled, then the temperature is kept at 120 ℃ for 20 hours, and the 7xxx aluminum alloy ring piece is obtained by adopting furnace-following air cooling.
The pre-deformation before aging heat treatment, namely axial deformation, adopted by the invention is an important step for preparing the high-performance aluminum alloy component, has the dual functions of regulating and controlling the quenching residual stress and the structural performance, and the precipitation phase of the alloy subjected to the pre-deformation treatment after solution treatment can directly contribute to the low-temperature aging strengthening behavior. The plastic deformation in the process can generate dislocation in the matrix to form work hardening, which is beneficial to improving the strength of the alloy. In addition, defects such as dislocation and the like can provide favorable positions for nucleation of the second phase, accelerate the aging process and promote the precipitation phases to be uniformly dispersed and distributed, and influence the nucleation, distribution and size of the precipitation phases in subsequent aging, so that the structure and performance of the alloy are influenced. For the shaped ring, the alloy grains are equiaxed or flattened before pre-deformation, and the grains with the same size coexist. After pre-deformation, the aluminum alloy microstructure is uneven, the grain size is gradually reduced, the grain shape is more slender, the fibrous structure is finer along the TD direction, and the grain aspect ratio is slightly increased.
The pre-deformation after solid solution provided by the invention can effectively increase the volume fraction of equiaxed crystals of the ring piece and reduce the grain size, thereby reducing the anisotropy index of the alloy, but the aging heat treatment process plays a key role in improving the performance of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu super-strong aluminum alloy, and finally, the 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring piece with high comprehensive performance is obtained in the aspects of regulating and controlling the quantity, the size and the distribution of precipitated phases of crystal boundary and the PFZ width.
According to the invention, based on research, in the forming and solid solution rapid quenching and cooling process of the large aluminum alloy ring, different tissue fields, temperature fields and stress fields are formed, and the existing thermal stress causes the deformation and deformation heat of the workpiece to different degrees. The surface temperature is rapidly reduced in the quenching process of the sample after solid solution, the shrinkage degree is large, the temperature of the workpiece core is slowly reduced, the temperature is relatively high, and the shrinkage of the surface is hindered, so that a stress state with the surface being pulled and the inside being pressed is formed in the initial quenching stage; as the workpiece continues to cool, the temperature of the sample surface layer is at a constant low temperature, the core temperature continues to drop and shrinkage occurs, but the shrinkage is inhibited by the surface layer metal, eventually resulting in a stress state in which the workpiece surface layer is subjected to residual compressive stress and the core is subjected to residual tensile stress. The presence of residual stress can be a stress cracking of large structural members, and therefore, reducing the residual stress of large structural members is a primary problem.
According to the invention, after the external applied force is applied to the original residual stress after the alloy is pre-deformed, the sample is subjected to plastic deformation to different degrees, the original stress system and the internal stress state are changed, and after the external force is removed, the uneven deformation in the sample is improved, so that the effect of greatly reducing the residual stress is achieved. Compared with the process of upsetting, drawing and forging for multiple times before rolling the ring and increasing the volume fraction of small-size grains, the invention not only can reduce the anisotropy of the performance of the ring, but also can reduce the residual stress of the ring and enhance the comprehensive performance.
The invention provides an aging heat treatment system for reducing the anisotropy of the aluminum alloy ring piece and improving the comprehensive performance. The invention is mainly used for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ring pieces, is an aging heat treatment system capable of improving comprehensive performance, can reduce grain size, increase small-angle grain boundary proportion and promote aging precipitation by adopting solid solution-pre-deformation-aging heat treatment process by using compression equipment and heat treatment furnace equipment after the ring pieces are formed, increase the size of an intragranular precipitation phase, increase the separation distance of the grain boundary precipitation phase, increase PFZ width, improve mechanical properties and toughness of products, and reduce anisotropic index of the products by regulating and controlling volume fraction of dispersed phases. The aging heat treatment method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and equipment, and can effectively reduce personnel cost and operation cost.
Experimental results show that the three-dimensional impact toughness values of the alloy without pre-deformation are as follows in sequence: TD-RD>TD-AD>RD-TD with a three-way maximum difference of 23J/cm 2 . After pre-deformation, the impact toughness values of RD-TD to TD-AD are increased, and the impact toughness of TD-RD is slightly reduced, wherein the impact toughness is from high to low: TD-AD>TD-RD>RD-TD with a maximum three-way difference of 20J/cm 2 . Impact toughness anisotropy index was also reduced from 55.48% to 38.85%.
For further explanation of the present invention, the aging heat treatment method for 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation procedures are given only for further explanation of the features and advantages of the present invention, and not limitation of the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.
Examples
Take a diameter of 2250mm grade 7085 aluminum alloy ring-as an example.
1. The production material comprises the following components:
al-7.08Zn-1.57Mg-1.49Cu-0.037Si-0.044Fe-0.086Ti-0.086Zr-0.005Cr (wt.%), an aluminum alloy ingot having an effective size of
2. Homogenizing heat treatment is carried out on the cast ingot, so that internal force and uniform structure of the material are eliminated, the homogenizing system is that the heat is preserved for 15 hours at 405+/-5 ℃, then the temperature is increased to 472+/-3 ℃, the heat is preserved for 54 hours, and natural cooling is adopted in a cooling mode.
3. Forging the cast ingot, punching the cast ingot, and finally rolling the cast ingot into a round shape with the specification ofThe size of the central hole isThe specification of the ring blank is->The wall thickness is 920mm.
4. The ring is rolled and deformed by using a 3.5 m ring rolling mill, and the rolling speed and the cooling speed are paid attention to in the rolling process, so that the phenomena of instability, cracking and buckling deformation of the ring and the phenomenon of overburning of aluminum alloy caused by overhigh temperature are prevented. The final specification and the size of the ring piece are as follows
5. Carrying out solution quenching heat treatment on the formed 2250mm grade 7085 aluminum alloy, adopting 4m grade vertical quenching furnace equipment, carrying out cold water quenching after heat preservation for 6 hours at 478 ℃ in a solution heat treatment system, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 15s, and the quenching water temperature range is 15-38 ℃.
6. And (3) axially deforming (pre-deforming) the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece by adopting a ten-thousand-ton hydraulic press, wherein the deformation amounts are 1.5% and 3% respectively.
7. And (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the deformed 7085 aluminum alloy ring piece by adopting a multifunctional aging furnace, wherein the heat treatment system is that the heat is preserved for 18 hours at 120 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 160 ℃ and is preserved for 2 hours, the heat is rapidly cooled, and then the heat is preserved for 20 hours at 120 ℃, and furnace-following air cooling is adopted.
Performance detection is carried out on the 7085 aluminum alloy ring piece prepared by the embodiment of the invention.
With reference to ASTM standards, the residual stresses of the quenched and differently pre-deformed surface cores of the ring are measured by the blind hole method.
Calculating stress sigma according to formulas (1), (2), (3) x ，σ y 。
Wherein sigma x ，σ y Epsilon for maximum and minimum residual stress 1 ，ε 2 ，ε 3 Strain values released in the directions of 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees respectively; e is Young's modulus, GPa; μ is poisson's ratio; r is D/D 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the D is the diameter of the measuring circle of the strain gauge, mm; d (D) 0 Is the diameter of the drilled hole, mm.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a graph showing the residual stress variation of alloys with different deformation amounts prepared in the examples of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the 7085 aluminum alloy ring samples were subjected to different pre-deformation treatments to obtain the maximum and minimum residual stresses at the center point of the TDRD surface. The result shows that the surface of the ring piece after solution hardening has larger compressive stress, and the residual stress is different by 20MPa. After the pre-deformation of different deformation amounts, the reduction trend of the maximum and minimum residual stress is consistent, and the residual compressive stress is firstly reduced and then increased along with the increase of the deformation amount. When pre-deformed by 1.5%, the residual stress has been reduced by 83.8%; at 3% pre-deformation, the residual stress was reduced by 87.2%. The above studies show that axial precompression can significantly reduce the residual stress of the ring, and that the precompression is most effective at 3%.
Comparing the three-stage aging heat treatment in the embodiment of the invention, wherein the pre-deformation amount of the aluminum alloy ring piece obtained in the step 6) is 3%.
The single-stage aging heat treatment has simple operation and production cost, and is widely applied to industrial production. The mechanical properties and the anisotropy indexes of the single-stage aging heat treatment (heat preservation for 24 hours at 120 ℃), the double-stage aging heat treatment (heat preservation for 18 hours at 120 ℃), then heat preservation for 2 hours at 160 ℃), and the three-stage aging heat treatment (heat preservation for 18 hours at 120 ℃) and then heat preservation for 2 hours at 160 ℃, quick cooling, heat preservation for 20 hours at 120 ℃) and air cooling along with a furnace are compared.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a graph showing the tensile strength of an aluminum alloy metal ring member under single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging provided by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a graph showing the yield strength comparison of an aluminum alloy metal ring in single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a graph showing the elongation ratio of an aluminum alloy metal ring under single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a graph showing the strength and elongation anisotropy index contrast of an aluminum alloy gold ring in single-stage aging, bipolar aging and three-stage aging according to the present invention.
As can be seen from figures 3-6, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the annular part in the circumferential direction, the radial direction and the axial direction under three-stage aging are all highest, the three-dimensional tensile strength is about 565MPa, 525MPa and 527MPa, and the yield strength is 520MPa, 490MPa and 470MPa. Compared with single-stage aging, the three-way tensile strength is respectively improved by 20MPa, 35MPa and 10MPa. The strength and elongation anisotropy indexes are effectively reduced.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the principles and embodiments of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention may be better understood, and in order that the best mode may be understood, and in order that the present invention may be practiced by anyone skilled in the art, including in any regard to making and using any devices or systems, and in any regard to carrying out any combination of the methods and concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The scope of the patent protection is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of aging heat treatment of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy ring, comprising the steps of:
axially deforming the quenched aluminum alloy ring piece, and then performing aging heat treatment to obtain a 7xxx aluminum alloy ring piece;
the aging heat treatment comprises a three-stage heat treatment step;
the temperature of the first-stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃;
the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 155-165 ℃;
the temperature of the third-stage heat treatment is 115-125 ℃;
the 7 xxx-series aluminum alloys include one or more of 7085, 7050, and 7a04.
2. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the time of the first stage heat treatment is 15 to 20 hours;
the time of the second-stage heat treatment is 2-4 hours;
the third-stage heat treatment time is 20-24 h.
3. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of rapid cooling between the second-stage heat treatment and the third-stage heat treatment;
the rapid cooling adopts water cooling, and the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 10s.
4. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the deformation amount of the axial deformation is 1.5% to 5%;
the quenching mode comprises water quenching;
the water temperature of quenching is 15-38 ℃.
5. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the quenched aluminum alloy ring is prepared by the steps of:
1) Carrying out homogenization heat treatment on an aluminum alloy cast ingot, and cooling to obtain a cast ingot with uniform components;
2) Forging and punching the cast ingot obtained in the steps to obtain a ring blank;
3) And rolling and deforming the ring blank obtained in the steps, and carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching to obtain the quenched aluminum alloy ring.
6. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the homogenization heat treatment comprises a secondary homogenization heat treatment step;
the temperature of the first-stage homogenization heat treatment is 400-410 ℃;
the time of the first-stage homogenization heat treatment is 12-15 h;
the temperature of the second-stage homogenization heat treatment is 469-475 ℃;
the time of the second-stage homogenization heat treatment is 50-55 h.
7. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the cooling means includes natural cooling;
the forging mode comprises multidirectional forging;
the forging process is a four-heading three-drawing forging process.
8. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the forging temperature is 350 to 450 ℃;
the deformation of the forging is 45% -55%;
the heat preservation temperature before forging is 430-450 ℃;
the heat preservation time before forging is 20-22 h.
9. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the rolling deformation amount is 75% to 80%;
the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 475-478 ℃;
the solution heat treatment time is 5-6 h.
10. The aging heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein a time interval between the solution heat treatment and the quenching is 15s or less.
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