CN115489301A - Tractor transmission system and tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tractor transmission system and a tractor. The clutch assembly comprises a shuttle gear, the main and auxiliary transmission assemblies comprise a main transmission module capable of adjusting four gears, an auxiliary transmission module capable of adjusting four gears and a gear shifting mechanism for adjusting the gears of the two transmission modules, and the gear shifting control assembly is shortened inside the transmission system by arranging the gear shifting mechanism comprising an inner module and a tower in the transmission system, so that the length of a cantilever of a gear shifting control rod is reduced, and under the condition that the parts have the same rigidity, the gear shifting control assembly is more convenient to shift, is not easy to wear, and prolongs the service life of each part for gear shifting; the independent shuttle type gears are used for operating and shifting gears, and the tractor can be turned around on the premise of not changing other gears under the actual working condition, so that the operating complexity is reduced.

Description

Tractor transmission system and tractor

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, and particularly relates to a tractor transmission system and a tractor.

Background

The operation operating mode of tractor is many, needs different speed ranges in order to adapt to diversified operation demand, and current tractor gear is few, and speed span is big, is difficult to satisfy diversified agricultural implement operation requirement. Furthermore, since the tractor shift lever is arranged inside the cab above the gearbox, many manufacturers often arrange the tower above the gearbox as well to achieve an intermediate transition from the gearbox to the cab. However, in order to enable gear shifting mechanisms such as gear shifting gears and meshing sleeves to be well lubricated, the gear shifting mechanisms are usually arranged on a lower shaft string containing transmission lubricating oil in a gearbox, but with the increase of horsepower of a tractor, particularly a high-horsepower tractor, the center distance of the gearbox is increased, and the problems that operating mechanisms such as a shifting fork and the like, which are strung from a lower shaft to a tower on the upper portion of the gearbox, are too long in cantilever and insufficient in rigidity are caused, the rigidity of the shifting fork determines the reliability and the gear shifting definition of the gear shifting operating mechanism, the gear shifting jamming is caused due to insufficient rigidity of the shifting fork, the gear shifting idle stroke is large and the like are caused. In addition, the reverse gear of the existing gearbox is often integrated on a main-auxiliary gear shifting control handle, and when the vehicle drives to the field and needs to turn around, the gear needs to be selected again for many times, so that the control complexity and the labor intensity of a driver are increased.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tractor transmission system and a tractor, wherein the transmission system has multiple gears and extremely low speed difference, and can meet the existing operating conditions of a high-horsepower tractor. And the gear shifting mechanism and the control mechanism of the tower are arranged on the side surface of the gearbox, so that the problems of overlong cantilever and insufficient rigidity of control mechanisms such as a shifting fork and the like are solved. In addition, an independent shuttle type gear shifting structure is provided, when the field is operated under the same working condition, the main and auxiliary gear shifting positions are not required to be changed, the turning around of the ground in the field can be completed only by the change of the shuttle type gears, the gear shifting logic is clear, and the operation is convenient and reliable.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a tractor transmission system comprises a clutch assembly, a main and auxiliary transmission assembly, a power take-off assembly, a four-wheel drive transfer case assembly, a central transmission assembly, a left final transmission assembly, a right final transmission assembly and a power output assembly; the clutch assembly is connected with the main and auxiliary transmission assemblies, the clutch assembly, the power take-off assembly, the central transmission assembly and the power output assembly are all connected with a power connecting shaft of an engine, the left final transmission assembly and the right final transmission assembly are all connected with the central transmission assembly, and the four-wheel drive transfer case assembly is connected with the central transmission assembly;

the clutch assembly includes a shuttle gear for adjusting a forward or reverse gear;

the main and auxiliary transmission assembly comprises a main transmission module capable of being adjusted in four gears, an auxiliary transmission module capable of being adjusted in four gears and a gear shifting mechanism used for adjusting the gears of the two transmission modules, wherein the gear shifting mechanism comprises an inner module arranged inside the main and auxiliary transmission assembly and a tower externally arranged on the side face of the main and auxiliary transmission assembly, and the inner module and the tower are mutually matched to control the main transmission module and the auxiliary transmission module to adjust the gears.

Furthermore, the inner module comprises two speed change shifting fork shafts and shifting heads corresponding to the speed change shifting fork shafts, two shifting forks are sleeved on each shifting fork shaft, interlocking pins are further arranged on the shifting fork shafts and are simultaneously connected with the two shifting forks sleeved on the same shifting fork shaft, each shifting fork can switch two gears, one end of each shifting fork is sleeved and fixed on the speed change shifting fork shaft, a shared groove is formed between the two shifting forks, one end of each shifting head is arranged in the shared groove and can respectively drive the two shifting forks to slide in the extending direction of the speed change shifting fork shafts through rotation of the shifting heads;

and/or, the interior of the shifting fork is assembled with a self-locking steel ball and a self-locking spring, and a plurality of annular grooves are arranged on the variable speed shifting fork shaft and matched with the self-locking steel ball and the self-locking spring;

and/or two ends of the shifting fork shaft are also provided with anti-rotation planes.

Further, the tower comprises an end cover, a gear shifting shaft, a first elastic pin, a second elastic pin, a spring, a first shaft sleeve, a first O-shaped ring, a second shaft sleeve, a gear shifting rocker arm, a tower shell, a third elastic pin, a steel wire retainer ring, a sheath, a gear shifting rod, a cover plate, a ball head, a first elastic retainer ring, a conical spring, a first clamp, a second elastic retainer ring and a second clamp; the shifting head and the gear shifting shaft are fixed by a first elastic pin, and the gear shifting shaft and the gear shifting rocker arm are fixed by a second elastic pin; the end cover is fixed on the box body through bolts, and a first shaft sleeve and a second shaft sleeve which are used for abrasion resistance are assembled between the end cover and the gear shifting shaft; a first O-shaped ring and a second O-shaped ring for sealing are assembled between the end cover and the gear shifting shaft, and a spring for positioning the gear shifting shaft is assembled between the shifting block and the first shaft sleeve;

the tower shell is fixed on the box body, the lower end of the sheath is fixed on the tower shell through a first clamp, and the upper end of the sheath is fixed on the gear level through a second clamp; the ball head is fixed with the gear shifting rod through a third elastic pin, the upper part of the ball head is limited in the tower casing through a steel wire retainer ring and a first elastic retainer ring and can rotate universally in the tower casing; the conical spring is sleeved on the gear shifting rod, and the upper part of the conical spring is limited on the upper part of the tower shell through a second elastic retainer ring; the side surface of the tower shell is also provided with a cover plate.

Furthermore, the clutch assembly comprises a clutch, a shuttle gear, an input shaft, an F gear driving gear, a first synchronizer, an R gear driving gear, an output shaft, an F gear driven gear, a driven shaft, an R gear driven gear and an R gear idler shaft, wherein the clutch is connected with the input shaft through a spline, the input shaft is connected with the F gear driving gear through a spline, the first synchronizer is connected with the output shaft through a spline, the R gear driving gear is connected with the output shaft, the F gear driven gear is connected with the R gear driven gear through a spline and a driven shaft, the F gear driving gear is meshed with the F gear driven gear, and the R gear driving gear, the R gear driven gear and the R gear idler shaft are meshed.

Furthermore, the power take-off assembly comprises a power take-off input gear, a power take-off driving gear, a power take-off driven gear, a power take-off output shaft and a power take-off pump; the power take-off input gear is connected with the power connecting shaft through a spline, the power take-off driven gear is connected with the power take-off output shaft through a spline, the power take-off output shaft is connected with the power take-off pump through a spline, the power take-off input gear is meshed with the power take-off driving gear, and the power take-off driving gear is meshed with the power take-off driven gear.

Furthermore, the four-wheel drive transfer case assembly comprises a transfer case input gear, a transfer case driving gear, a transfer case idler shaft, a transfer case driven gear, a first meshing sleeve and a transfer case output shaft; the transfer case input gear is meshed with the transfer case driving gear, the transfer case driving gear is fixed through a transfer case idler shaft and meshed with the transfer case driven gear, the transfer case driven gear is sleeved on the transfer case output shaft in an empty mode, and the first meshing sleeve is connected with the transfer case output shaft through a spline.

Furthermore, the central transmission assembly comprises a driving spiral gear shaft, a driven spiral gear, a differential lock, a differential, a right brake, a left sun gear and a right sun gear; the driving spiral gear shaft is meshed with the driven spiral gear, the differential mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven spiral gear, the differential lock is respectively connected with the differential mechanism and the driven spiral gear through an internal spline and an external spline, and the differential lock is of a wet friction plate structure; the right sun wheel and the left sun wheel are respectively connected with the differential mechanism through splines, the right sun wheel is connected with the right brake through the splines, and the left sun wheel is connected with the left brake through the splines.

Furthermore, the left final transmission assembly and the right final transmission assembly are identical in structure, the left final transmission assembly comprises a left planet carrier, a left driving shaft and a left tire, the left planet carrier is connected with the left sun gear through a gear, the left driving shaft is connected with the left planet carrier through a spline, and the left driving shaft is connected with the left tire through a flat key.

Furthermore, the power output assembly comprises a power output clutch, a second-gear driving gear, a power input shaft, a second meshing sleeve, a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driven gear, a first-gear driven gear and a power output shaft; the power output clutch is respectively connected with the power connecting shaft and the power input shaft through splines, the second-gear driving gear and the first-gear driving gear are sleeved on the power input shaft in an idle mode, the second meshing sleeve is connected with the power input shaft through the splines, and the second-gear driven gear and the first-gear driven gear are connected with the power output shaft through the splines; the second-gear driving gear is meshed with the second-gear driven gear, and the first-gear driving gear is meshed with the first-gear driven gear;

and/or the power output clutch is in a wet friction plate structure.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a tractor which is provided with the tractor transmission system.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The gear shifting control assembly is shortened inside the transmission system by arranging the gear shifting mechanism comprising the inner module and the tower externally arranged on the side surface of the box body of the main-auxiliary transmission assembly, so that the length of a cantilever of the gear shifting control rod is reduced, the gear shifting control assembly is more convenient to shift gears and is not easy to wear under the condition that the parts have the same rigidity, and the service life of each part for gear shifting is prolonged;

(2) The transmission system disclosed by the invention is clear in transmission principle, compact in arrangement and capable of improving the transmission efficiency. Each part independently carries out the modularization assembly, has improved assembly efficiency. The gear can realize 16941F, 16941R, the speed range is 2.5 to 40Km/h, can meet the common working condition of the tractor: rotary tillage, pear tillage, paddy field collection, deep scarification, land preparation, sowing and transportation;

(3) The clutch assembly is provided with an independent shuttle type gear for operating and shifting gears, when the field is turned around under the same working condition, the gear of the main and auxiliary gears can be turned around only by changing the shuttle type gear without changing the gear of the main and auxiliary gears, so that the gear shifting logic is clearer, the complexity of operation is reduced, and the labor intensity of a driver is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural view of a main-auxiliary transmission assembly in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 2 in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a fork of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of a shift fork in embodiment 1 of the invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a force-applying device assembly in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a four-wheel drive transfer case assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of a central transmission assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

In the figure: a clutch assembly 1; a clutch 101; a shuttle gear 102; an input shaft 103; an F gear driving gear 104; a first synchronizer 105; an R gear driving gear 106; an output shaft 107; an F-stage driven gear 108; a driven shaft 109; an R-range driven gear 110; an R gear idler shaft 111;

a main-auxiliary speed change assembly 2; a main transmission module 21; a range module 22; a case 23; a front bulkhead 24; a rear partition 25; a main transmission input shaft 201, a 4 th drive gear 202, a 3 rd drive gear 203, a 2 nd drive gear 204, a 1 st drive gear 205, a 4 th driven gear 206, a 3 rd driven gear 207, a 2 nd driven gear 208, a 1 st driven gear 209, a 3-4 th synchronizer 210, and a 1-2 th synchronizer 211; main transmission output gear shaft 212;

a sub-transmission input shaft 213, a D-gear driving gear 214, a C-gear driving gear 215, a B-gear driving gear 216, an a-gear driving gear 217, a C-gear driven gear 218, a B-gear driven gear 219, an a-gear driven gear 220, and a C-D-gear meshing sleeve 221; A-B gear engagement sleeve 222; a range output shaft 223;

a main shift knob 224; a main shift fork shaft 225; a 3-4 gear shift fork 226; a 1-2 shift fork 227; a range shift knob 228; an auxiliary shift rail 229; a C-D range shift fork 230; an A-B range shifter 231; an anti-rotation plane 232; an interlocking pin 233; a first self-locking steel ball 234; a first self-locking spring 235; an annular groove 236; a second self-locking steel ball 237; a second self-locking spring 238;

a tower; the gear shifting device comprises an end cover 239, a gear shifting shaft 240, a first elastic pin 241, a second elastic pin 242, a spring 243, a first shaft sleeve 244, a first O-shaped ring 245, a second O-shaped ring 246, a second shaft sleeve 247, a gear shifting rocker arm 248, a tower shell 249, a third elastic pin 250, a wire retainer ring 251, a sheath 252, a gear shifting rod 253, a cover plate 254, a ball head 255, a first elastic retainer ring 256, a cone spring 257, a first clamp 258 and a second elastic retainer ring 259; a second clip 260;

a power take-off assembly 3; a power take-off input gear 301; a power take-off drive gear 302; a power take-off driven gear 303; a power take-off output shaft 304; a power take-off pump 305;

a four-wheel drive transfer case assembly 4; transfer case input gear 401; transfer case drive gear 402; a transfer case idler shaft 403; transfer case driven gear 404; a first engaging sleeve 405; a transfer case output shaft 406;

a central transmission assembly 5; a driving helical gear shaft 501; a driven helical gear 502; a differential lock 503; a differential 504; a right brake 505; a left brake 506; a left sun gear 507; a right sun gear 508;

a left final drive assembly 6; a left carrier 601; a left drive shaft 602; a left tire 603;

a right final drive assembly 7;

a power take-off assembly 8; power take-off clutch 801; a second gear driving gear 802; a power input shaft 803; a second engaging sleeve 804; a first drive gear 805; a second-speed driven gear 806; a first-gear driven gear 807; a power take-off shaft 808;

an engine 9; a power connection shaft 901.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a tractor transmission system, which comprises a clutch assembly 1, a main-auxiliary transmission assembly 2, a power take-off assembly 3, a four-wheel drive transfer case assembly 4, a central transmission assembly 5, a left final transmission assembly 6, a right final transmission assembly 7 and a power output assembly 8, as shown in fig. 1. The clutch assembly 1 is connected with the main and auxiliary transmission assemblies 2, the clutch assembly 1, the power take-off assembly 3, the central transmission assembly 5 and the power output assembly 8 are connected with an engine 9 through a power connecting shaft 901, the left final transmission assembly 6 and the right final transmission assembly 7 are connected with the central transmission assembly, and the four-wheel drive transfer case assembly 4 is connected with the central transmission assembly.

The clutch assembly 1 includes a clutch 101, a shuttle type gear 102 for adjusting a forward gear (referred to as F gear) or a reverse gear (referred to as R gear), an input shaft 103, an F gear driving gear 104, a first synchronizer 105, an R gear driving gear 106, an output shaft 107, an F gear driven gear 108, a driven shaft 109, an R gear driven gear 110, and an R gear idler shaft 111, wherein the clutch 101 is connected with the input shaft 103 through a spline, and the input shaft 103 and the F gear driving gear are connected with each other through a splineThe first synchronizer 105 is connected with an output shaft 107 through a spline, the R gear driving gear is connected with the output shaft 107 and is sleeved on the output shaft 107 in an idle mode, the F gear driven gear and the R gear driven gear are connected with a driven shaft 109 through a spline,and is fixed in the clutch assembly 1 through a bearing,the F-gear driving gear is meshed with the F-gear driven gear, and the R-gear driving gear, the R-gear driven gear and the R-gear idler shaft are meshed.

The main and auxiliary transmission assembly comprises a main transmission module capable of being adjusted in a fourth gear, an auxiliary transmission module capable of being adjusted in the fourth gear and a gear shifting mechanism for adjusting gears of the two transmission modules, wherein the gear shifting mechanism comprises an inner module arranged on the main and auxiliary transmission assembly and a tower externally arranged on the side face of the main and auxiliary transmission assembly. The four gears of the main speed changing module are 1, 2, 3 and 4, the four gears of the auxiliary speed changing module are A, B, C and D, and the F gear and the R gear adjusted by the shuttle gear 102 are combined, so that the speed ratio adjustment of 16F +, 16R gears is realized according to different working conditions, the speed range is 2.5 to 40Km/h, and the common working conditions of the tractor can be met: rotary tillage, pear tillage, paddy field collection, deep scarification, land preparation, sowing, transportation and the like.

The main shift module includes a main shift input shaft 201, a 4-speed drive gear 202, a 3-speed drive gear 203, a 2-speed drive gear 204, a 1-speed drive gear 205, a 4-speed driven gear 206, a 3-speed driven gear 207, a 2-speed driven gear 208, a 1-speed driven gear 209, a 3-4-speed synchronizer 210, a 1-2-speed synchronizer 211, and a main shift output gear shaft 212. The 4-gear driving gear 202, the 3-gear driving gear 203, the 2-gear driving gear 204 and the 1-gear driving gear 205 are respectively connected with a main transmission input shaft 201 through splines, and the main transmission input shaft 201 is fixed in the main transmission assembly and the auxiliary transmission assembly through bearings and is connected with the output shaft 107 through splines; a 4-speed driven gear 206, a 3-speed driven gear 207, a 2-speed driven gear 208 and a 1-speed driven gear 209 are respectively sleeved on the main speed change output gear shaft 212 in an empty way; the 4 th driving gear 202 meshes with the 4 th driven gear 206, the 3 rd driving gear 203 meshes with the 3 rd driven gear 207, the 2 nd driving gear 204 meshes with the 2 nd driven gear 208, and the 1 st driving gear 205 meshes with the 1 st driven gear 209. The 3-4 gear synchronizer 210 and the 1-2 gear synchronizer 211 are connected with a main transmission output gear shaft 212 through splines, and the main transmission output gear shaft 212 is fixed in a main and auxiliary transmission assembly through a bearing.

The range module includes a range input shaft 213, a D-gear drive gear 214, a C-gear drive gear 215, a B-gear drive gear 216, an A-gear drive gear 217, a C-gear driven gear 218, a B-gear driven gear 219, an A-gear driven gear 220, a C-D gear sleeve 221, an A-B gear sleeve 222, and a range output shaft 223. The D-gear driving gear 214, the C-gear driving gear 215, the B-gear driving gear 216 and the A-gear driving gear 217 are respectively connected with the auxiliary transmission input shaft 213 through splines, and the auxiliary transmission input shaft 213 is fixed in the main and auxiliary transmission assembly through a bearing; the C-gear driven gear 218, the B-gear driven gear 219 and the A-gear driven gear 220 are respectively sleeved on the auxiliary transmission output shaft 223 in an empty way; the main transmission output gear shaft 212 meshes with a D-range drive gear 214, a C-range drive gear 215 meshes with a C-range driven gear 218, a B-range drive gear 216 meshes with a B-range driven gear 219, and an a-range drive gear 217 meshes with an a-range driven gear 220. The C-D gear meshing sleeve 221 and the A-B gear meshing sleeve 222 are connected with an auxiliary transmission output shaft 223 through splines, and the auxiliary transmission output shaft 223 is fixed in the main and auxiliary transmission assembly through bearings.

As shown in FIG. 2, the inner module includes a main shifter 224, a main shift rail 225, a 3-4 shift fork 226, a 1-2 shift fork 227, a range shifter 228, a range shifter shaft 229, a C-D shift fork 230, and an A-B shift fork 231. The main gear shifting block 224 is assembled in a shared groove of a 1-2 gear shifting fork 227 and a 3-4 gear shifting fork 226, the auxiliary gear shifting block 228 is assembled in a shared groove of a C-D gear shifting fork 230 and an A-B gear shifting fork 231, a main gear shifting fork shaft 225 and an auxiliary gear shifting fork shaft 229 are coaxially arranged and assembled in a box body of a main gear transmission assembly and an auxiliary gear transmission assembly, a front partition plate and a rear partition plate are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the box body, and the main gear shifting fork shaft 225 and the auxiliary gear shifting fork shaft 229 are limited and fixed with the box body through the two partition plates.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, one end of the 3-4 shift fork 226 and one end of the 1-2 shift fork 227 are fitted on the main shift fork shaft 225 in a nested manner and can slide back and forth along the main shift fork shaft 225. An anti-rotation plane 232 is arranged on the main speed change fork shaft 225; a certain gear shifting limiting distance L1 is arranged between the 3-4 shift fork 226 and the front partition plate, and a certain gear shifting space distance L5 is arranged between the 3-4 shift fork and the 1-2 shift fork 227; a certain gear shifting limiting distance L2 is arranged between the 1-2 gear shifting fork 227 and the box body; an interlocking pin 233 is further arranged between the 1-2 gear shifting fork 227 and the 3-4 gear shifting fork 226, the interlocking pin 233 is simple and reliable in design structure, a traditional limiting structure for fixing the interlocking pin 233 is omitted, and the risk that parts inside the gearbox are loosened is avoided.

The C-D shift fork 230 and the A-B shift fork 231 are mounted on the same sub-transmission fork shaft 229 and can slide back and forth along the sub-transmission fork shaft 229. An anti-rotation plane 232 is arranged on the auxiliary shift fork shaft 229; a certain gear shifting limiting distance L3 is arranged between the C-D gear shifting fork 230 and the box body; a certain gear shifting space distance L6 is arranged between the gear shifting fork 231 and the A-B gear shifting fork; a certain gear shifting limiting distance L4 is arranged between the A-B gear shifting fork 231 and the rear partition plate; an interlocking pin 233 is arranged between the A-B gear shifting fork 231 and the C-D gear shifting fork 230.

As shown in fig. 4, the 3-4 shift fork 226 is internally assembled with a first self-locking steel ball 234 and a first self-locking spring 235, which are engaged with an annular groove 236 on the main shift fork shaft 225; the 1-2 shift fork 227 is internally provided with a second self-locking steel ball 237 and a second self-locking spring 238 which are matched with an annular groove 236 on the main gear shift fork shaft 225. The distance between adjacent annular grooves 236 is L0, which is the shift fork shift distance. The gear shifting distance L0 is less than the gear shifting space distance L5/L6 is less than the gear shifting limit distance L1/L2/L3/L4. The effect of the space distance of shifting gears or the spacing distance of shifting gears is to avoid the gear from being disengaged. Install the inner space between two shift forks and declutch shift shaft respectively with auto-lock spring 243 and steel ball, compare in the traditional auto-lock structure of installing spring 243 and steel ball in the shift fork outside, the self-lock structure of should shifting has saved the spacing bolt that is used for fixed spring 243, has avoided the risk that the gearbox internals pine takes off. The interlocking pin 233 is integrated between the two shifting forks and the shifting fork shaft, the structure is simple and reliable, the traditional limiting structure for fixing the interlocking pin 233 is omitted, and the risk of loosening of internal parts of the gearbox is avoided. The C-D shift fork 230 and the A-B shift fork 231 have the same structure as the 3-4 shift fork 226 and the 1-2 shift fork 227 and are not described herein.

As shown in fig. 5, the turret table includes an end cap 239, a shift shaft 240, a first resilient pin 241, a second resilient pin 242, a spring 243, a first bushing 244, a first O-ring 245, a second O-ring 246, a second bushing 247, a shift rocker arm 248, a turret table shell 249, a third resilient pin 250, a wire retainer 251, a boot 252, a shift lever 253, a cover plate 254, a ball head 255, a first resilient retainer 256, a cone spring 257, a first clip 258, a second resilient retainer 259, and a second clip 260. Taking the main shift knob 224 as an example, the main shift knob 224 and the shift shaft 240 are fixed by a first elastic pin 241, and the main shift knob 224 and the shift rocker arm 248 are fixed by a second elastic pin 242; an end cover 239 is fixed on the box body through bolts, and a first shaft sleeve 244 and a second shaft sleeve 247 which are used for wear resistance are assembled between the end cover 239 and the gear shifting shaft 240; a first O-ring 245 and a second O-ring 246 for sealing are assembled between the end cover 239 and the shift shaft 240, and a spring 243 for positioning the shift shaft 240 is further arranged between the main shift knob 224 and the first shaft sleeve 244, and the spring 243 is sleeved on the shift shaft 240. The tower shell 249 is fixed on the box body, the lower end of the sheath 252 is fixed on the tower shell 249 by a first clamp 258, and the upper end is fixed on the gear shift rod 253 by a second clamp 260; the ball 255 is fixed with the shift lever 253 by a third elastic pin 250, and the upper part of the ball 255 is limited in the tower shell 249 by a wire retainer ring 251 and a first elastic retainer ring 256 and can rotate universally in the tower shell 249; the cone spring 257 is sleeved on the shift rod 253, and the upper part of the cone spring 257 is limited on the upper part of the tower shell 249 through a second elastic retainer ring 259; the turret shell 249 is also fitted with a cover plate 254 on the side. The ball 255 turret shell 249 cone spring 257 shifts the lever 253 cone spring 257 wire retainer 251 first retainer ring 256 turret shell 249 second retainer ring 259 turret shell 249 cover plate 254.

As shown in fig. 6, the power take-off assembly 3 includes a power take-off input gear 301, a power take-off driving gear 302, a power take-off driven gear 303, a power take-off output shaft 304, and a power take-off pump 305; the power take-off input gear 301 is connected with the power connecting shaft 901 through a spline, the power take-off driven gear 303 is connected with the power take-off output shaft 304 through a spline, the power take-off output shaft 304 is connected with the power take-off pump 305 through a spline, the power take-off input gear 301 is meshed with the power take-off driving gear 302, and the power take-off driving gear 302 is meshed with the power take-off driven gear 303.

As shown in fig. 7, the four-drive transfer case assembly 4 includes a transfer case input gear 401, a transfer case drive gear 402, a transfer case idler shaft 403, a transfer case driven gear 404, a first meshing sleeve 405, and a transfer case output shaft 406; the transfer case input gear 401 is meshed with the transfer case driving gear 402, the transfer case driving gear 402 is fixed through a transfer case idler shaft 403 and meshed with a transfer case driven gear 404, the transfer case driven gear 404 is sleeved on a transfer case output shaft 406 in an empty mode, a first meshing sleeve 405 is connected with the transfer case output shaft 406 through a spline, and the transfer case output shaft 406 is further connected with a front axle and used for transmitting power to the front axle to achieve front wheel driving.

As shown in fig. 8, the central transmission assembly includes a driving screw shaft 501, a driven screw 502, a differential lock 503, a differential 504, a right brake 505, a left brake 506, a left sun gear 507, and a right sun gear 508; the driving spiral gear shaft 501 is meshed with the driven spiral gear 502 and is connected with the transfer case input gear 401 through splines, the differential 504 is fixedly connected with the driven spiral gear 502, the differential lock 503 is respectively connected with the differential 504 and the driven spiral gear 502 through inner and outer splines to form the differential lock 503, the differential lock 503 is a wet friction plate structure, and the differential lock 503 is a transmission lock with the differential lock 504 and the driven spiral gear 502; the right sun gear 508 and the left sun gear 507 are connected to the differential 504 by a spline, respectively, the right sun gear 508 is connected to the right brake 505 by a spline, and the left sun gear 507 is connected to the left brake 506 by a spline. In the embodiment, the wet differential lock 503 is adopted, so that the problem of poor shifting fork rigidity caused by large center distance and long cantilever is solved.

As shown in fig. 1, the left final drive assembly 6 and the right final drive assembly 7 have the same structure, and taking the left final drive assembly 6 as an example, the left final drive assembly 6 includes a left planet carrier 601, a left drive shaft 602, and a left tire 603, the left planet carrier 601 is connected with a left sun gear 507 through a gear, the left drive shaft 602 is connected with the left planet carrier 601 through a spline, and the left drive shaft 602 is connected with the left tire 603 through a flat key.

As shown in fig. 1, the power output assembly 8 includes a power output clutch 801, a second gear driving gear 802, a power input shaft 803, a second meshing sleeve 804, a first gear driving gear 805, a second gear driven gear 806, a first gear driven gear 807 and a power output shaft 808; the power output clutch 801 is respectively connected with a power connecting shaft 901 and a power input shaft 803 through splines, a second-gear driving gear 802 and a first-gear driving gear 805 are sleeved on the power input shaft 803 in an empty mode, a second meshing sleeve 804 is connected with the power input shaft 803 through splines, and a second-gear driven gear 806 and a first-gear driven gear 807 are connected with a power output shaft 808 through splines; the second gear driving gear 802 is meshed with the second gear driven gear 806, and the first gear driving gear 805 is meshed with the first gear driven gear 807; the power output clutch 801 is a wet friction plate structure.

After the independent modular assembly of each assembly is completed, the assemblies are connected with each other, so that the production efficiency can be greatly improved. The power of the engine 9 is transmitted to a shuttle gear 102 through a clutch 101 so as to realize the change of forward or backward; then the gear is transmitted to a main gear shifting module and an auxiliary gear shifting module, and 4 gears can be selected in a combined mode according to different working conditions, so that 16941R gears are realized; then, power is transmitted to the left tire 603 and the right tire through the left final transmission assembly 6 and the right final transmission assembly 7 through the central transmission assembly so as to realize rear wheel driving walking of the tractor; if the first meshing sleeve 405 and the transfer case driven gear 404 are meshed with the four-wheel-drive transfer case assembly 4, part of power is transmitted to front wheel tires through a front axle so as to realize front wheel driving walking; the other part of power of the engine 9 is transmitted to the power take-off assembly 3 through the power connecting shaft 901, the clutch 101 of the power take-off pump 305 can drive the power take-off pump 305 to lubricate a shaft string in the gearbox through a lubricating pipeline, control over the differential lock 503 and the power output clutch 801 through pipelines, lubrication over the pipelines, control over external hydraulic lifting, driving steering and the like; and a part of power can be transmitted to the power output assembly 8 through the power connecting shaft 901 so as to drive an external machine.

The working principle is as follows:

(1) Shift principle of a shift mechanism

Taking the main gear shifting mechanism as an example, when the gear shifting rod 253 is shifted forward, the gear shifting rod 253 rotates forward and backward around the ball 255, so as to drive the upper part of the gear shifting rocker arm 248 to rotate backward around the gear shifting shaft 240, the gear shifting rocker arm 248 drives the main gear shifting knob 224 to rotate forward around the gear shifting shaft 240 in the groove of the 3-4 gear shifting fork 226, and the main gear shifting knob 224 drives the 3-4 gear shifting fork 226 to move forward, so that the 3-4 gear synchronizer 210 is meshed with the 4-gear driven gear 206 to shift 4 gears; when the gear shift lever 253 is shifted leftward and then shifted forward, the gear shift lever 253 rotates left and right and then rotates back and forth around the ball 255 to drive the gear shift rocker arm 248, the gear shift shaft 240 and the main gear shift head 224 to simultaneously move rightward, so that the main gear shift head 224 moves into the 1-2 shift fork 227 groove, then the gear shift lever 253 rotates back and forth around the ball 255 to drive the upper part of the gear shift rocker arm 248 to rotate backward around the gear shift shaft 240, the gear shift rocker arm 248 drives the main gear shift head 224 to rotate forward around the gear shift shaft 240 in the 1-2 shift fork 227 groove, and the main gear shift head 224 drives the 1-2 shift fork 227 to move forward, so that the 1-2 synchronizer 211 is meshed with the 2-2 driven gear 208 to shift 2.

And either 3-4 synchronizer 210 or 1-2 synchronizer 211 is operated by the shifting mechanism to select one of the four gears 1, 2, 3, 4. Power transmission route (taking 4 th gear as an example): the main transmission input shaft 201 → the 4 th drive gear 202 → the 4 th driven gear 206 → the 3-4 th synchronizer 210 → the main transmission output gear shaft 212, and power is transmitted to the subtransmission module. One of the four gears A, B, C, D is selected by operating either the C-D gear sleeve 221 or the A-B gear sleeve 222 through the shift mechanism. Power transmission route (taking D stage as an example): main transmission output gear shaft 212 → C-D stage sleeve 221 → splined hub → subtransmission output shaft 223; (taking the A gear as an example): main transmission output gear shaft 212 → D-range drive gear 214 → subtransmission input shaft 213 → a-range drive gear 217 → a-range driven gear 220 → a-B range sleeve 222 → splined hub → subtransmission output shaft 223.

Since the shifting gears are usually sleeved on the input or output shaft 107 in an empty manner, in order to make the gears lubricated well during high-speed rotation and not to be sintered and stuck due to overhigh temperature, the gears are usually arranged on the lower second shaft, and the gear empty part on the second shaft is soaked in gear oil. However, as horsepower increases, the center-to-center distance between the first shaft and the second shaft of the tractor increases, the cantilever of the shift mechanism increases, and reliability deteriorates. Therefore, if the stroke of the shifting fork on the second shaft to the operating mechanism on the upper part of the gearbox is very long, the reliability and the rigidity are poor, and the operating experience and the shifting comfort degree are influenced. The gear shifting control mechanism is arranged on the side face of the second shaft, so that the stroke of the gear shifting mechanism is shortened, and the gear shifting rigidity of the shifting fork and the reliability of the gear shifting mechanism are guaranteed. And moreover, the side surface of the gearbox can be directly connected to the side surface of the cab upwards, so that the overall layout is reasonable.

(2) Front and rear gear shifting principle

The power of the engine 9 is transmitted to an input shaft 103 through a clutch 101, the input shaft 103 is splined to an F-range drive gear, and an output shaft 107 is splined to a first synchronizer 105. When the first synchronizer 105 moves forward to engage the forward gear, the power transmission route: clutch 101 → input shaft 103 → F range driving gear → first synchronizer 105 → output shaft 107. When the first synchronizer 105 moves backward to engage the reverse gear, the power transmission route: the clutch 101 → the input shaft 103 → the F range driving gear → the F range driven gear → the driven shaft 109 → the R range driven gear → the R range idler shaft → the R range driving gear → the first synchronizer 105 → the output shaft 107. The shuttle type gear 102 can realize the rapid turning of the tractor field under the premise of not changing other gears under the same working condition, thereby reducing the complexity of operation and lightening the labor intensity of a driver.

(3) Transmission principle of central transmission assembly

The auxiliary transmission output shaft 223 is connected to the driving helical gear shaft 501 through a spline housing, and power is transmitted to the central transmission assembly. The differential lock 503 is connected with the driven helical gear 502 through an external spline and connected with the differential 504 through an internal spline; the power transmission route is as follows: driving helical gear shaft 501 → driven helical gear 502 → differential lock 503 → differential 504 → right sun gear 508 → right brake 505 and left sun gear 507 → left brake 506; when the differential lock 503 is not combined, the rotation speeds of the right sun gear 508 and the left sun gear 507 are different when the vehicle turns due to the existence of the differential 504, so that the vehicle can smoothly turn; when the differential lock 503 is combined, the differential lock 503 and the differential 504 are combined into a whole through friction, and the right sun wheel 508 and the left sun wheel 507 have the same rotating speed, so that the single tire is prevented from slipping, and the output torque is increased. The invention adopts a wet friction plate structure, controls the combination and the disconnection of the differential lock 503 through the power take-off pump 305 and the electromagnetic valve, and solves the problem of the rigidity of the shifting fork caused by the cantilever of the mechanical differential lock 503 operating mechanism.

(4) Transmission principle of power take-off assembly 3

The power connecting shaft 901 is connected with the engine 9 and the power take-off input gear 301 through splines respectively, power is transmitted to the power take-off assembly 3, and the power transmission route is as follows: the engine 9 → the power take-in gear 301 → the power take-in driving gear 302 → the power take-in driven gear 303 → the power take-out output shaft 304 → the power take-in pump 305. The power take-off pump 305 takes power through a transmission system, can drive the power take-off pump 305 to lubricate an internal shaft string of the gearbox through a lubrication pipeline, and realizes control over the differential lock 503, control over the power output clutch 801 and control over the clutch 101 through pipelines, so that control over external hydraulic lifting, driving steering and the like is achieved.

(5) Principle of forerunner

The transfer case input gear 401 is connected with the driving spiral gear shaft 501 through a spline, power is transmitted to the four-wheel drive transfer case assembly 4, and the power transmission route is as follows: the drive helical gear shaft 501 → the transfer case input gear 401 → the transfer case drive gear 402 → the transfer case idler shaft 403 → the transfer case driven gear 404 → the first sleeve 405 → the splined hub → the transfer case output shaft 406 → the front axle. When the first sleeve 405 is splined forward to engage the transfer case driven gear 404, power is transferred to the front axle to effect front wheel drive of the tractor.

(6) Rear-drive principle

The left planet carrier 601 is connected with the left sun gear 507 through a spline, power is transmitted to the left final transmission assembly 6, and the power transmission route is as follows: left sun gear 507 → left planet carrier 601 → left drive shaft 602 → left tire 603; the right planet carrier is connected with the right planet carrier through a spline, and the power transmission route is as follows: the right sun gear 508 → the right carrier → the right drive shaft → the right tire to achieve rear wheel drive of the tractor.

(7) External machine transmission principle

A part of power of the engine 9 is transmitted to the power output assembly 8 through the power connecting shaft 901, the engine 9 and the power output clutch 801 are in a normally engaged state, the engagement and disengagement of the power output clutch 801 are controlled by a hydraulic solenoid valve, if the power output clutch 801 is engaged under the action of gear oil, the power is transmitted to the power input shaft 803, taking the second gear of the power output as an example, if the second engaging sleeve 804 moves forward to engage with a driving gear of the second gear driven gear 806, the power transmission route is as follows: power connecting shaft 901 → power output clutch 801 → power input shaft 803 → splined hub → second sleeve 804 → second gear driving gear 802 → second gear driven gear 806 → power output shaft 808. The power output shaft 808 is coupled to an external implement to effect driving of the external implement.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tractor transmission system is characterized by comprising a clutch assembly, a main transmission assembly, an auxiliary transmission assembly, a power take-off assembly, a four-wheel drive transfer case assembly, a central transmission assembly, a left final transmission assembly, a right final transmission assembly and a power output assembly; the clutch assembly is connected with the main and auxiliary transmission assemblies, the clutch assembly, the power take-off assembly, the central transmission assembly and the power output assembly are all connected with a power connecting shaft of an engine, the left final transmission assembly and the right final transmission assembly are all connected with the central transmission assembly, and the four-wheel drive transfer case assembly is connected with the central transmission assembly;

the clutch assembly includes a shuttle gear for adjusting a forward or reverse gear;

the main and auxiliary transmission assembly comprises a main transmission module capable of being adjusted in four gears, an auxiliary transmission module capable of being adjusted in four gears and a gear shifting mechanism used for adjusting the gears of the two transmission modules, wherein the gear shifting mechanism comprises an inner module arranged inside the main and auxiliary transmission assembly and a tower externally arranged on the side face of the main and auxiliary transmission assembly, and the inner module and the tower are mutually matched to control the main transmission module and the auxiliary transmission module to adjust the gears.

2. The transmission system of claim 1, wherein the inner module comprises two shift shafts and two shift heads corresponding to the shift shafts, each shift shaft is sleeved with two shift forks, each shift shaft is further provided with an interlocking pin, the interlocking pin is further simultaneously connected with the two shift forks sleeved on the same shift shaft, each shift fork can switch two gears, one end of each shift fork is sleeved and fixed on the shift shaft, a common groove is arranged between the two shift forks, one end of each shift head is arranged in the common groove, and the two shift forks can be respectively driven to slide in the extending direction of the shift shafts through the rotation of the shift heads;

and/or the shifting fork is internally assembled with a self-locking steel ball and a self-locking spring, and a plurality of annular grooves are arranged on the speed change shifting fork shaft and matched with the self-locking steel ball and the self-locking spring;

and/or two ends of the shifting fork shaft are also provided with anti-rotation planes.

3. The tractor drive system of claim 2, wherein the tower includes an end cap, a shift shaft, a first resilient pin, a second resilient pin, a spring, a first bushing, a first O-ring, a second bushing, a shift rocker arm, a tower shell, a third resilient pin, a wire retainer, a boot, a shift lever, a cover plate, a ball head, a first resilient retainer, a conical spring, a first clip, a second resilient retainer, and a second clip; the shifting head and the gear shifting shaft are fixed by a first elastic pin, and the gear shifting shaft and the gear shifting rocker arm are fixed by a second elastic pin; the end cover is fixed on the box body through bolts, and a first shaft sleeve and a second shaft sleeve which are used for wear resistance are assembled between the end cover and the gear shifting shaft; a first O-shaped ring and a second O-shaped ring for sealing are assembled between the end cover and the shift shaft, and a spring for positioning the shift shaft is assembled between the shifting block and the first shaft sleeve;

the tower shell is fixed on the box body, the lower end of the sheath is fixed on the tower shell through a first clamp, and the upper end of the sheath is fixed on the gear level through a second clamp; the ball head is fixed with the gear shifting rod through a third elastic pin, the upper part of the ball head is limited in the tower casing through a steel wire retainer ring and a first elastic retainer ring and can rotate universally in the tower casing; the conical spring is sleeved on the gear shifting rod, and the upper part of the conical spring is limited on the upper part of the tower shell through a second elastic retainer ring; the lateral surface of the tower shell is also provided with a cover plate.

4. The tractor transmission system according to claim 3, wherein the clutch assembly includes a clutch, a shuttle gear, an input shaft, an F gear driving gear, a first synchronizer, an R gear driving gear, an output shaft, an F gear driven gear, a driven shaft, an R gear driven gear and an R gear idler shaft, the clutch is connected with the input shaft through a spline, the input shaft is connected with the F gear driving gear through a spline, the first synchronizer is connected with the output shaft through a spline, the R gear driving gear is connected with the output shaft, the F gear driven gear and the R gear driven gear are connected with the driven shaft through a spline, the F gear driving gear is meshed with the F gear driven gear, and the R gear driving gear, the R gear driven gear and the R gear idler shaft are meshed.

5. The tractor transmission system of claim 4, wherein the power take-off assembly includes a power take-off input gear, a power take-off drive gear, a power take-off driven gear, a power take-off output shaft, and a power take-off pump; the power take-off input gear is connected with the power connecting shaft through a spline, the power take-off driven gear is connected with the power take-off output shaft through a spline, the power take-off output shaft is connected with the power take-off pump through a spline, the power take-off input gear is meshed with the power take-off driving gear, and the power take-off driving gear is meshed with the power take-off driven gear.

6. The tractor drive system of claim 5, wherein the four-drive transfer case assembly includes a transfer case input gear, a transfer case drive gear, a transfer case idler shaft, a transfer case driven gear, a first meshing sleeve, and a transfer case output shaft; the transfer case input gear is meshed with the transfer case driving gear, the transfer case driving gear is fixed through a transfer case idler shaft and meshed with the transfer case driven gear, the transfer case driven gear is sleeved on the transfer case output shaft in an empty mode, and the first meshing sleeve is connected with the transfer case output shaft through a spline.

7. The tractor drive system of claim 6, wherein the central drive assembly includes a drive helical gear shaft, a driven helical gear, a differential lock, a differential, a right brake, a left sun gear, and a right sun gear; the driving spiral gear shaft is meshed with the driven spiral gear, the differential mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven spiral gear, the differential lock is respectively connected with the differential mechanism and the driven spiral gear through an internal spline and an external spline, and the differential lock is of a wet friction plate structure; the right sun wheel and the left sun wheel are respectively connected with the differential mechanism through splines, the right sun wheel is connected with the right brake through the splines, and the left sun wheel is connected with the left brake through the splines.

8. The tractor drive system of claim 7, wherein the left final drive assembly and the right final drive assembly are identical in construction, the left final drive assembly including a left carrier, a left drive shaft, and a left tire, the left carrier being connected to the left sun gear via a gear, the left drive shaft being connected to the left carrier via a spline, the left drive shaft being connected to the left tire via a flat key.

9. The tractor transmission system of claim 8, wherein the power take off assembly includes a power take off clutch, a second gear drive gear, a power input shaft, a second meshing sleeve, a first gear drive gear, a second gear driven gear, a first gear driven gear, and a power output shaft; the power output clutch is respectively connected with the power connecting shaft and the power input shaft through splines, the second-gear driving gear and the first-gear driving gear are sleeved on the power input shaft in an idle mode, the second meshing sleeve is connected with the power input shaft through the splines, and the second-gear driven gear and the first-gear driven gear are connected with the power output shaft through the splines; the second-gear driving gear is meshed with the second-gear driven gear, and the first-gear driving gear is meshed with the first-gear driven gear;

and/or the power output clutch is in a wet friction plate structure.

10. A tractor fitted with a tractor transmission system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images