CN115487780B - Comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran Download PDFInfo
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- CN115487780B CN115487780B CN202210921839.3A CN202210921839A CN115487780B CN 115487780 B CN115487780 B CN 115487780B CN 202210921839 A CN202210921839 A CN 202210921839A CN 115487780 B CN115487780 B CN 115487780B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran, which comprises the following steps: (1) The wheat bran is extracted by hot water and then subjected to solid-liquid separation, and water extract and extraction residues are respectively collected. (2) Adding a decoloring agent into the water extract for decoloring, concentrating, precipitating with alcohol, collecting precipitate, and drying to obtain the polysaccharide product. The preparation of the decoloring agent comprises the following steps: (i) Drying and crushing the extraction residues, uniformly mixing the extraction residues with zeolite particles and a binder, and granulating to obtain the decolorized core. (ii) Zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 、SiO 2 、CaCO 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、Al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into a liquid binder to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on the surface of a decolored core, sintering in an oxygen-isolated environment, cooling to room temperature after the completion of the sintering, and washing and vacuum drying the product to obtain the decoloring agent. The method provided by the invention processes the wheat bran residue after polysaccharide extraction into the adsorbent, and effectively solves the problem of recycling the wheat bran residue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat bran treatment, in particular to a comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran.
Background
Wheat bran (i.e., wheat bran) generally refers to a flaky or powdery byproduct produced when wheat is processed into flour. Wheat bran accounts for about 5-10% of the total amount of wheat bran, and the wheat bran contains a large amount of vitamin B, polysaccharide, protein and other substances; meanwhile, the wheat bran also contains a large amount of crude fibers, so that the wheat bran has poor edible taste, and is still commonly used for preparing animal feeds at present. Two to three tens of millions of tons of wheat bran are produced each year in China, but the current utilization mode is widely used, and the utilization rate is high, but the utilization value is low, so that the added value of the wheat bran is not high. In order to overcome the above problems, researchers have developed methods for extracting polysaccharides from wheat bran and obtained certain effects, such as a solvent extraction method of wheat bran active polysaccharides disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201310582372.5, a preparation method of wheat bran active polysaccharides with high yield disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201610969873.2, a bran polysaccharide extraction process disclosed in chinese patent application No. 202010423089.8, etc. The polysaccharide component is extracted from the wheat bran by the chemical extraction process, so that the utilization value of the wheat bran is improved to a certain extent. However, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned method has a problem in that the wheat bran residue remaining after extraction becomes waste, and the waste contains a large amount of residual chemical agent, which is difficult to process into animal feed, and the waste causes not only environmental pollution but also waste of a large amount of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran, which not only extracts polysaccharide from wheat bran, but also modifies and processes extracted wheat bran residues into an adsorbent with excellent performance, thereby realizing the recycling of the wheat bran residues. Specifically, the invention discloses the following technical scheme.
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing testa Tritici, mixing with water, leaching under sealed and heated conditions, separating solid from liquid, collecting liquid phase to obtain water extractive solution, and collecting solid to obtain extraction residue.
(2) Adding a decoloring agent into the water extract for decoloring, concentrating, precipitating with alcohol, collecting precipitate, and drying to obtain the polysaccharide product. The preparation method of the decoloring agent comprises the following steps:
(i) Drying the extraction residues, crushing, uniformly mixing with zeolite particles and a binder, and granulating to obtain decolorized cores for later use.
(ii) Zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into water to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on the surface of a decolored core, sintering in an oxygen-isolated environment, cooling to room temperature after the completion of the sintering, and washing and vacuum drying the product to obtain the decoloring agent.
Further, in the step (1), the feed liquid ratio of the wheat bran to the water is 1: 12-25. Preferably, the extraction is carried out 2 to 3 times, each time for 1 to 2 hours. The water extraction method has the advantages of less waste liquid, less pollution, low cost and the like.
Further, in the step (1), the heating temperature is 60 to 85 ℃. The leaching of polysaccharides from wheat bran is assisted by heating and leaching under high pressure.
Further, in the step (2), the adding amount of the decoloring agent in the water extract is 1-3 g/L, and the decoloring time is 20-30 min.
Further, in the step (2), the concentration is vacuum concentration, and the concentration is 30-40% of the original volume. The water content can be obviously reduced after vacuum concentration, which is beneficial to reducing the ethanol consumption during alcohol precipitation.
Further, in the step (2), the alcohol precipitation method comprises the following steps: adding high-concentration ethanol with the volume of 4-5 times into the concentrated solution obtained after concentration, stirring and standing until the precipitate is precipitated. Preferably, the high-concentration ethanol is an ethanol solution with a mass fraction of not less than 95%.
Further, in the step (2), the precipitate is dried in vacuum to obtain the polysaccharide product. Optionally, the drying temperature is 40-55 ℃ and the drying time is 1.5-2 hours.
Further, in the step (i), the weight part ratio of the extraction residue to the zeolite particles is 1:0.3 to 0.45 percent, wherein the binder accounts for 8 to 13 percent of the total mass of the extraction residues and the zeolite particles. Preferably, the zeolite particles have a particle size of 200 to 350 mesh. By adding zeolite particles into the extraction residues, not only can carbonaceous collapse of the extraction residues be prevented during subsequent sintering carbonization, but also the porous characteristic of the zeolite particles effectively avoids the influence on the porosity of the decolored core.
Further, in step (i), the binder includes, but is not limited to, at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and the like.
In step (i), the particle diameter of the decolorized core is 2 to 5mm, and other suitable particle diameters may be selected as needed.
Further, in step (ii), the Fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 The addition amount of the powder is respectively 10-16% and 6.5-9% of zeolite particles, and CaCO is prepared by mixing 3 CaO and SiO in 2 Molar ratio of (2) is=1.7 to 2.1, fe 2 O 3 With CaCO 3 The mass ratio of CaO in the alloy is 1.4-2.6, and the mass ratio of Al to Si (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) =0.1 to 0.2. Preferably, the zeolite particles have a particle size of 200 to 250 mesh.
Further, in the step (ii), the solid content of the slurry is 30 to 45% (mass fraction).
Further, in step (ii), the sintering is performed in an oxygen-isolated atmosphere formed of nitrogen or an inert gas, so as to carbonize the extraction residues in the decolorized core while sintering.
Further, in the step (ii), the sintering temperature is 1150-1260 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 min.
Further, in the step (ii), the temperature of the vacuum drying is 70-90 ℃ and the time is 80-120 min.
Further, in the step (ii), the method further comprises a step of desorbing the decolorizer after the decolorization using in the step (ii), which comprises: placing the decolorizer in a solution containing hydrogen peroxide, and ultrasonically oscillating to dissolve the adsorbed pigment from the adsorbent, and adding into water to obtain Fe on the surface of the decolorizer shell 3 O 4 The hydrogen peroxide releases active oxygen to oxidize and degrade the pigment under the catalysis of the catalyst, thereby completing the desorption of the decoloring agent and facilitating the recycling of the decoloring agent. Preferably, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide in the solution is 1.5-2.2%, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is 30-50 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the wheat bran contains active polysaccharide, and researches show that the polysaccharide has the effects of improving immunity, reducing blood fat, lowering blood pressure and the like. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization method of the wheat bran firstly extracts the active polysaccharide in the wheat bran in a water extraction mode, thereby being beneficial to obtaining high added value products and improving the utilization value of the wheat bran. Furthermore, the wheat bran residue/extraction residue after leaching is modified to prepare the decoloring agent, so that the wheat bran residue/extraction residue can be used for decoloring leaching liquor and can also be sold as a product, the problems of environmental pollution and waste caused by random discarding of the wheat bran residue after leaching are avoided, and the recycling of the extraction residue is realized. Specifically: (1) The invention prepares the leaching residue and zeolite particles into a decolorized core, the leaching residue is carbonized to form porous carbon in the subsequent sintering process, the porous carbon can play a role of adsorbing pigment, and the zeolite particles not only play a role of preventing the formation of the leaching residue in the sintering carbonizationThe problem of carbonaceous collapse, and the porous characteristic of the zeolite particles effectively reduces the influence on the porosity of the decolorized core, namely the zeolite particles are used as propping agents and have good permeability so as to avoid the influence on the adsorption performance of the decolorized core, and meanwhile, the zeolite particles have a large number of micropores and can also play a role in adsorbing pigment. (2) The invention uses zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caO powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 The porous shell is prepared by sintering the powder on the surface of the decolorizing core, wherein the shell has good permeability due to the abundant pores in the zeolite particles, so that pigment can be adsorbed into the decolorizing core conveniently, and the shell has the effect of adsorbing pigment. The SiO is 2 、CaO、Fe 2 O 3 And Al 2 O 3 Sintering at low temperature to form adhesive calcium ferrite to make zeolite particles and Fe 3 O 4 The components are bonded together to form the shell under the condition of keeping stable, so that the problem that the pore structure of zeolite particles is easily severely damaged due to sintering is avoided, the porous property of the shell is kept, and the permeability of the zeolite particles in the decolorized core is ensured. Meanwhile, the calcium ferrite also has the function of degrading pigment under the action of sunlight or simulated sunlight, so that the shell can degrade pigment while adsorbing and decoloring. And the Fe is 3 O 4 The recycling of the decoloring agent is facilitated in the shell, and the desorption of the decoloring agent is realized as a desorbing agent, so that the reutilization of the decoloring agent is realized. This is because the adsorbed pigment is eluted from the adsorbent and then enters the hydrogen peroxide-containing water, and the Fe 3 O 4 Hydrogen peroxide releases active oxygen to carry out oxidative degradation on the pigment under the catalysis of the catalyst. Meanwhile, the calcium ferrite in the shell can degrade the pigment entering the water, so that the desorption of the decoloring agent can be more efficiently, quickly and conveniently finished, and the decoloring agent is convenient to repeat.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the aqueous extracts prepared in the following examples. Wherein, the aqueous extracts prepared in example 1, example 2 and example 3 correspond to each other in order from left to right.
Detailed Description
It is to be noted that all terms of art and science used herein have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. The reagents or materials used in the present invention may be purchased in conventional manners, and unless otherwise indicated, they may be used in conventional manners in the art or according to the product specifications. The comprehensive utilization method of the wheat bran of the present invention will now be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing wheat bran, mixing the crushed wheat bran with water according to the following ratio of 1:20, and then sealing the reaction kettle, heating to 80 ℃ in water bath, and leaching for 1 hour. Cooling to room temperature after completion, filtering to separate liquid phase from solid matters, and collecting liquid phase and solid matters respectively to obtain water extract. Extracting the residue. The extraction process was repeated 2 times again with the extraction residue as the extraction target, the aqueous extracts of each time were combined (refer to the left-hand diagram in fig. 1), and the final extraction residue was collected for use.
(2) Preparation of a decoloring agent:
(i) Drying and crushing the extraction residues, and mixing the extraction residues with 300-mesh zeolite particles according to 1 part by weight: mixing 0.35 weight parts, adding the adhesive PEG400 which accounts for 11% of the total mass of the extraction residues and the zeolite particles, and granulating in a granulator by adopting a spray/wet method to obtain decolorized cores with the particle size of 2-3 mm for later use.
(ii) Zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into waterPreparing a slurry with a solid content of 38.6%, wherein the Fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 The addition amount of the powder is 13% and 7% of the zeolite particles respectively, and the CaCO is 3 CaO and SiO in the powder 2 Molar ratio of =1.9, fe 2 O 3 With CaCO 3 The mass ratio of CaO in the powder was 2.2, the Al-Si ratio (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) =0.1. The zeolite particles had a particle diameter of 200 mesh.
(iii) Immersing the decolorized core into the slurry to enable the surface of the decolorized core to be coated with the slurry, then taking out the decolorized core and sintering the decolorized core in a heating furnace, wherein the sintering treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the sintering process comprises the following steps: the temperature is firstly heated at a rate of 10 ℃ for 1200 ℃ and is kept for 5min, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature along with the furnace in the nitrogen atmosphere after the completion. And then washing the obtained sintered product with water, taking out ash, and vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 90min to obtain the decoloring agent.
(3) Adding a decoloring agent into the water extract according to the proportion of 2g/L, and decoloring for 25min under illumination. After completion of filtration, solid-liquid separation was performed, and then the obtained decolorized solution was concentrated in vacuo to 40% of the original volume. After the completion, adding 95% ethanol with the volume 4 times of the concentrated solution, then carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifuging to separate out precipitate after the precipitate is completely precipitated, and drying the precipitate in vacuum at 50 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the polysaccharide product.
Example 2
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing wheat bran, mixing the crushed wheat bran with water according to the following ratio of 1:12, then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle, and the reaction kettle is closed and heated to 60 ℃ in water bath for leaching for 2 hours. Cooling to room temperature after completion, filtering to separate liquid phase from solid matters, and collecting liquid phase and solid matters respectively to obtain water extract. Extracting the residue. The extraction process is repeated for 1 time again by taking the extraction residues as extraction objects, the water extracts of each time are combined (refer to the middle graph of fig. 1), and the final extraction residues are collected for standby.
(2) Preparation of a decoloring agent:
(i) Drying and crushing the extraction residues, and mixing the extraction residues with 200-mesh zeolite particles according to 1 part by weight: mixing 0.45 weight parts, adding adhesive PEG400 accounting for 13 percent of the total mass of the extraction residues and zeolite particles, and granulating in a granulator by adopting a spray/wet method to obtain decolorized cores with the particle size of 3-4 mm for later use.
(ii) Zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into water to prepare slurry with solid content of 30.1%, wherein the Fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 The addition amount of the powder is 10 percent and 6.5 percent of the zeolite particles respectively, and the CaCO is 3 CaO and SiO in the powder 2 Molar ratio of =1.7, fe 2 O 3 With CaCO 3 The mass ratio of CaO in the powder was 1.4, the Al-Si ratio (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) =0.2. The zeolite particles had a particle diameter of 250 mesh.
(iii) Immersing the decolorized core into the slurry to enable the surface of the decolorized core to be coated with the slurry, then taking out the decolorized core and sintering the decolorized core in a heating furnace, wherein the sintering treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the sintering process comprises the following steps: heating at 1150 deg.c at 10 deg.c for 5min and maintaining for 5min, and cooling to room temperature in nitrogen atmosphere. And then washing the obtained sintered product with water, taking out ash, and vacuum drying at 90 ℃ for 80min to obtain the decoloring agent.
(3) Adding a decoloring agent into the water extract according to the proportion of 1g/L, and decoloring for 30min under illumination. After completion of filtration, solid-liquid separation was performed, and then the obtained decolorized solution was concentrated in vacuo to 30% of the initial volume. After the completion, adding 95% ethanol which is 5 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, then carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifuging to separate out precipitate after the precipitate is completely precipitated, and drying the precipitate in vacuum at 55 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the polysaccharide product.
Example 3
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing wheat bran, mixing the crushed wheat bran with water according to the following ratio of 1:25, and then sealing the reaction kettle and heating to 85 ℃ in water bath for leaching for 1.5 hours. Cooling to room temperature after completion, filtering to separate liquid phase from solid matters, and collecting liquid phase and solid matters respectively to obtain water extract. Extracting the residue. The extraction process is repeated for 1 time again by taking the extraction residues as extraction objects, the water extracts of each time are combined (refer to the right side graph in fig. 1), and the final extraction residues are collected for standby.
(2) Preparation of a decoloring agent:
(i) Drying and crushing the extraction residues, and mixing the extraction residues with zeolite particles with the particle size of 350 meshes according to 1 part by weight: mixing 0.3 weight parts, adding adhesive PEG600 accounting for 8% of the total mass of the extraction residues and zeolite particles, and granulating in a granulator by adopting a spray/wet method to obtain decolorized cores with the particle size of 4-5 mm for later use.
(ii) Zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into water to prepare slurry with solid content of 44.9%, wherein the Fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 The addition amount of the powder is 16% and 9% of the zeolite particles respectively, and the CaCO is 3 CaO and SiO in the powder 2 Molar ratio of =2.1, fe 2 O 3 With CaCO 3 The mass ratio of CaO in the powder was 2.6, the Al-Si ratio (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) =0.2. The zeolite particles had a particle diameter of 250 mesh.
(iii) Immersing the decolorized core into the slurry to enable the surface of the decolorized core to be coated with the slurry, then taking out the decolorized core and sintering the decolorized core in a heating furnace, wherein the sintering treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the sintering process comprises the following steps: 1260 ℃ is heated at a rate of 10 ℃ for min, and the temperature is kept for 3min, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature along with the furnace in the nitrogen atmosphere after the completion. And then washing the obtained sintered product with water, taking out ash, and vacuum drying at 70 ℃ for 120min to obtain the decoloring agent.
(3) Adding a decoloring agent into the water extract according to the proportion of 3g/L, and decoloring for 20min under illumination. After completion of filtration, solid-liquid separation was performed, and then the obtained decolorized solution was concentrated in vacuo to 35% of the original volume. After the completion, adding 95% ethanol which is 4.5 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, then carrying out alcohol precipitation, centrifuging to separate out precipitate after the precipitate is completely precipitated, and drying the precipitate in vacuum at 40 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the polysaccharide product.
Example 4
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran is the same as in example 1, and the difference is that: the preparation raw materials of the decolorized core do not contain zeolite particles, namely: drying and crushing the extraction residues, adding a binder PEG400 accounting for 11% of the mass of the extraction residues, and granulating in a granulator by adopting a spray/wet method to obtain decolorized cores with the particle size of 2-3 mm.
Example 5
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran is similar to that of example 2, and is different from the method in that: in the preparation of the decoloring agent, fe is not added into the slurry 3 O 4 Powder, namely: by mixing zeolite particles and SiO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into water to prepare slurry with solid content of 30.1%, wherein the SiO 2 The addition amount of the powder was 6.5% of zeolite particles, caCO 3 CaO and SiO in the powder 2 Molar ratio of =1.7, fe 2 O 3 With CaCO 3 The mass ratio of CaO in the powder was 1.4, the Al-Si ratio (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) =0.2, the zeolite particles have a particle size of 250 mesh.
Example 6
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran is the same as in example 3, and the difference is that: replacing zeolite particles in the preparation raw material of the decolorized core with silica particles, namely: the extraction residue was dried and pulverized, and then the extraction residue was mixed with silica fine particles having a particle diameter of 350 mesh in an amount of 1 part by weight: mixing 0.3 parts by weight, adding a binder PEG600 accounting for 8% of the total mass of the extraction residues and the silicon dioxide particles, and granulating in a granulator by adopting a spray/wet method to obtain decolored cores with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
Example 7
A comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran is the same as in example 3, and the difference is that: in the preparation of the decoloring agent, the slurry is not added with Al 2 O 3 Powder, namely: zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Adding the powder into water to prepare slurry with solid content of 44.9%, wherein the Fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 The addition amount of the powder is 16% and 9% of the zeolite particles respectively, and the CaCO is 3 CaO and SiO in the powder 2 Molar ratio of =2.1, fe 2 O 3 With CaCO 3 The mass ratio of CaO in the powder was 2.6. The zeolite particles had a particle diameter of 250 mesh.
Example 8
A method for extracting polysaccharide from wheat bran is the same as in example 1, except that: when the aqueous extract was decolorized, the regenerated decolorizer desorbed by the decolorizer used in example 1 was used. The desorption method of the regenerated decoloring agent comprises the following steps: placing the decolorizer used in example 1 in hydrogen peroxide water solution with mass fraction of 2.2%, and then ultrasonically oscillating for 30min to dissolve out pigment adsorbed by the decolorizer, and introducing into hydrogen peroxide water solution to obtain Fe on the surface of the decolorizer shell 3 O 4 The hydrogen peroxide releases active oxygen to oxidize and degrade the pigment under the catalysis of the catalyst, so that the desorption of the decoloring agent is completed, and the regenerated decoloring agent is obtained and is used for decoloring the wheat bran water extract in the embodiment.
Example 9
A method for extracting polysaccharide from wheat bran is the same as in example 2, except that: and (3) when the water extract is decolorized, the decolorization is performed in a dark state.
Example 10
A method for extracting polysaccharide from wheat bran is the same as in example 5, except that: for the decolorization of the aqueous extract, a regenerated decolorizer was used after the decolorizer used in example 5 was analyzed. Namely: the decolorizer used in example 5 was placed in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution containing 1.5% by mass, and then sonicated for 50 minutes to obtain a regenerated decolorizer, which was used in the decolorization of the aqueous wheat bran extract in this example.
And (3) effect test:
the purity of the polysaccharide product prepared in each example was tested by the following method: weighing 50mg of the polysaccharide product prepared in the example as a sample, dissolving the polysaccharide product with distilled water, then fixing the volume to 100mL, precisely sucking 0.2mL, and then operating according to a standard curve method to determine absorbance; and finally, calculating the polysaccharide concentration (mug/mL) according to a standard curve, and calculating the polysaccharide content in the sample, namely the polysaccharide purity A. The a= (100 xcxf/M) ×100%, where M represents the mass of the polysaccharide product weighed, C represents the concentration of polysaccharide according to a standard curve, and f represents the correction factor of polysaccharide, which is about 0.9. The purity calculation results of the polysaccharide products of the respective examples are shown in the following table.
| Example sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Purity/% | 72.6 | 76.9 | 70.4 | 66.5 | 75.2 | 61.7 | 63.1 | 72.2 | 68.6 | 54.3 |
It can be seen that the purity of the polysaccharide products prepared in examples 1-3, 5 and 8 is significantly better than that of other examples, wherein the regenerated decoloring agent desorbed from the decoloring agent of example 1 is adopted in the preparation of the polysaccharide product in example 8, and it can be seen that the decoloring agent after desorption still has an excellent decoloring effect. Example 10 the regenerated decolorizer used had no Fe in its shell 3 O 4 Affecting the desorption effect, resulted in a significant decrease in the decolorizing capacity of the regenerated decolorizing agent and ultimately in a decrease in the purity of the polysaccharide product prepared in example 10. The decolorization of example 9 was performed in a dark state, resulting in that calcium ferrite on the outer shell surface of the decolorizer cannot play a role in catalyzing degradation of pigment, resulting in a decrease in purity of polysaccharide product prepared therefrom.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1. The comprehensive utilization method of the wheat bran is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Crushing wheat bran, mixing the crushed wheat bran with water, leaching under airtight and heating conditions, carrying out solid-liquid separation after completion, collecting a liquid phase to obtain a water extract, and collecting a solid substance to obtain an extraction residue for later use;
(2) Adding a decoloring agent into the water extract for decoloring, concentrating, performing alcohol precipitation, collecting precipitate, and drying to obtain a polysaccharide product; the preparation method of the decoloring agent comprises the following steps:
(i) Drying and crushing the extraction residues, uniformly mixing the extraction residues with zeolite particles and a binder, and granulating to obtain decolorized cores for later use;
(ii) Zeolite particles, fe 3 O 4 Powder, siO 2 Powder, caCO 3 Powder, fe 2 O 3 Powder, al 2 O 3 Adding the powder into water to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on the surface of a decolored core, sintering in an oxygen-isolated environment, cooling to room temperature after the completion of the sintering, and washing and vacuum drying the product to obtain the decoloring agent.
2. The comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the leaching time is 2-3 times, and the extraction time is 1-2 hours each time.
3. The comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the heating temperature is 60-85 ℃.
4. The comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the concentration is vacuum concentration and is concentrated to 30-40% of the original volume.
5. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the method for alcohol precipitation is as follows: and adding high-concentration ethanol with the volume of 4-5 times into the concentrated solution obtained after concentration, stirring, standing, and standing until the precipitate is precipitated.
6. The method for comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to claim 5, wherein the high concentration ethanol is an ethanol solution with a mass fraction of not less than 95%.
7. The comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the adding amount of the decoloring agent in the aqueous extract is 1-3 g/L, and the decoloring time is 20-30 min.
8. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the precipitate is vacuum dried to obtain the polysaccharide product.
9. The comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran according to claim 8, wherein the vacuum drying temperature is 40-55 ℃ and the drying time is 1.5-2 hours.
10. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step (i), the weight part ratio of the extraction residue to the zeolite particles is 1: 0.3-0.45% of a binder, wherein the binder accounts for 8-13% of the total mass of the extraction residues and the zeolite particles.
11. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (i), the zeolite particles have a particle size of 200 to 350 mesh.
12. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (i), the particle size of the decolorized core is 2-5 mm.
13. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step (ii), the solid content of the slurry is 30 to 45% by mass.
14. The method for the integrated utilization of wheat bran according to claim 1 wherein in step (ii), the sintering is performed in an oxygen-isolated environment formed by nitrogen or inert gas.
15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step (ii), the sintering temperature is 1150 to 1260 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 3 to 5 minutes.
16. The method for comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to claim 1, wherein in the step (ii), the temperature of the vacuum drying is 70-90 ℃ and the time is 80-120 min.
17. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step (i), the binder comprises at least one of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.
18. The method for the comprehensive utilization of wheat bran according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a step of desorbing the decolorizer used after the decolorization of step (2), which comprises: placing the decolorizer in a solution containing hydrogen peroxide, and ultrasonically oscillating to dissolve the adsorbed pigment from the adsorbent, and adding into water to obtain Fe on the surface of the decolorizer shell 3 O 4 The hydrogen peroxide releases active oxygen to oxidize and degrade the pigment under the catalysis of the catalyst, thereby completing the desorption of the decoloring agent.
19. The comprehensive utilization method of wheat bran according to claim 18, wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide in the hydrogen peroxide-containing solution is 1.5-2.2%, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is 30-50 min.
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