CN115479568A - Working face bottom rock layer deformation measuring method - Google Patents

Working face bottom rock layer deformation measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115479568A
CN115479568A CN202210956552.4A CN202210956552A CN115479568A CN 115479568 A CN115479568 A CN 115479568A CN 202210956552 A CN202210956552 A CN 202210956552A CN 115479568 A CN115479568 A CN 115479568A
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measuring
measurement
deformation
feature point
working face
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Inventor
江宁
张立波
高志友
吕科
叶磊
孟书宇
苏全宝
姚德浩
刘瑞
李法鑫
丁屹松
张鑫源
盛守前
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring deformation of a floor rock stratum of a working face, and belongs to the technical field of rock stratum deformation measurement. The deformation characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum are determined by measuring the displacement characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face, the monitored parameters are the axis inclination angle, the horizontal projection azimuth angle and the length change of the measuring probe, and based on the three parameters, the deformation characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face can be determined by comparing the changes of the three parameters in the process that the working face is close to and far from a measuring area. The measuring method can adapt to the floor rock stratum conditions with different deformation characteristics and complex measuring conditions, has wide application range, can measure the space position change of the floor rock stratum of the working surface, can directly reflect the deformation condition of the floor rock stratum by the measuring result, and has accurate measuring result and simple and reliable measuring device.

Description

Working face bottom rock layer deformation measuring method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock stratum deformation measurement, and particularly relates to a working face bottom plate rock stratum deformation measurement method.
Background
In the stoping process of the coal face, a large amount of goafs are left underground while coal is mined, and the stress field and the displacement field of rock mass around a stope are changed. The embodiment mode in the bottom plate rock stratum is to generate a certain deformation range of the bottom plate rock stratum, on one hand, the determination of the deformation range of the bottom plate rock stratum is significant for disaster control (water control) of the coal face, on the other hand, along with development of coal resource mining towards deeper, more complex conditions and worse working conditions, the problem of disturbance (high ground stress, high ground temperature, high osmotic pressure and strong mining disturbance) is increasingly prominent, and further large-scale damage and large-scale deformation of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face are caused.
At present, the measurement of the deformation of the floor rock layer of the working face has great significance for researching the mine pressure and rock layer moving deformation characteristics and guiding the safe and efficient production of an actual mine, and the research results in the aspect are as follows: (1) Selecting proper parameters according to geological mining conditions, performing theoretical calculation or numerical simulation, and determining the deformation degree of the bottom rock layer of the working face; (2) Measuring deformation characteristics of the bottom rock stratum by a geophysical prospecting method according to physical characteristics such as resistance and seismic waves of the bottom rock stratum; (3) The deformation and damage conditions of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face are measured by methods such as rock stratum strain, fracture water conductivity and the like. The three methods have the defects that theoretical calculation or numerical simulation belongs to the predicted deformation degree of the bottom rock layer of the working face, the result is inclined to the theory and is often different from the actual condition, in addition, the method also depends on the theoretical level and the actual experience of calculation or simulation personnel, and the operability requirement is high; the result difference of the geophysical prospecting method is large, and the difficulty in analyzing and explaining the geophysical prospecting result is high, so that a high professional level is required; the method for measuring the damage depth of the bottom plate rock stratum by measuring the length change of the bottom plate rock stratum in a certain direction or measuring the fracture water conductivity of the bottom plate rock stratum in a drill hole by using the top plate separation instrument is single in measurement parameter, relatively rough in measurement process and easy to be influenced by geological mining factors, so that the deformation characteristic of the bottom plate rock stratum of a working face cannot be comprehensively shown, and the damage range of the bottom plate rock stratum cannot be accurately measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a working face bottom rock layer deformation measuring method, which can obtain the inclination angle, the direction and the length change characteristics of the displacement of rock layers around a measuring tube by the advancing of a measuring probe in the measuring tube, determine the deformation condition of the working face bottom rock layer, can adapt to the bottom rock layer conditions with different deformation characteristics and more complex measuring working conditions, has wider application range, is simple and convenient to operate and has more accurate measuring results.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring deformation of a floor rock layer of a working face sequentially comprises the following steps:
a. drilling a hole
Constructing a measuring hole towards the direction of the bottom rock layer of the working face;
b. arrangement of measuring tubes
After the measuring hole is drilled to a preset depth, arranging a measuring pipe into the measuring hole, wherein the measuring pipe is an elastic hose, and position marks are arranged on the wall of the measuring pipe at intervals;
c. arranging measuring devices and acquiring measurement data
The measuring device comprises a measuring probe and a cable, wherein the measuring probe advances along the axis of the measuring pipe, measures the inclination angle of the axis of the measuring probe and the change of the horizontal projection direction of the axis of the measuring probe, and senses the position mark of the wall of the measuring pipe;
determining the advancing length of the measuring probe according to the length of the cable immersed into the measuring hole;
recording a horizontal projection azimuth angle alpha of the measuring probe, an axis inclination angle beta of the measuring probe and a length l;
d. and calculating, respectively comprising the following substeps:
d1, selecting a position origin, generally selecting a drilling hole of a roadway floor as the position origin, wherein the coordinates of the position origin are (0, 0 and 0), and the coordinates of the rest points are determined according to the relative positions of the points;
numbering the position mark points of the measuring pipe from the roadway bottom plate, and recording the number and the coordinate of each mark point as D i，j ＝(x i,j ，y i,j ，z i,j ) Wherein i represents the position number of each point, and the position number is sequentially from the roadway bottom plate downwards: 0,1,2,3, \8230;, n; j represents the number of times of measurement, the first measurement is the initial measurement and is marked as 0, and then, one is added in each measurement;
d2, determining the coordinate of each feature point measured for the first time after the arrangement of the measuring device is completed by the formula (1):
Figure BDA0003791593230000021
in formula (1): x is a radical of a fluorine atom i，0 -the x-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the time of initial measurement;
y i，0 -the y-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the time of initial measurement;
z i，0 -the z-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
x i+1，0 -the x-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of initial measurement;
y i+1，0 -the y-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
z i+1，0 -the z-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
l i，0 -the length of the line connecting the ith and i +1 th feature points at the time of initial measurement;
α i，0 during the initial measurement, the projection of the connection line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point on the XOY surface forms an included angle with the positive direction of the X (rotating anticlockwise from the X axis to the projection line);
β i，0 during the primary measurement, the connecting line of the ith and i +1 th characteristic points forms an included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
d3, calculating the position coordinates of all the characteristic points by the formula (2)
Figure BDA0003791593230000031
In the formula (2): x is the number of i，j -the X-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
y i，j -Y-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
z i，j -Z-direction coordinates of ith feature point at jth measurement；
x i+1，j -the X-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the jth measurement;
y i+1，j -the Y-direction coordinate of the i +1 th feature point at the jth measurement;
z i+1，j -the Z-direction coordinate of the i +1 th feature point at the jth measurement;
l i，j -the length of the line connecting the ith and i +1 th feature points at the jth measurement;
α i，j during the jth measurement, the projection of the connection line of the ith and i +1 th characteristic points on the XOY surface forms an included angle with the positive X direction (the connection line rotates anticlockwise from the X axis to a projection line);
β i，j when the jth measurement is carried out, the connecting line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point forms an included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
d4, calculating DeltaP by the formula (3) and the formula (4) i，j 、Pt i，j ；
Figure BDA0003791593230000032
Figure BDA0003791593230000033
In formulae (3) and (4):
△P i，j -the displacement of the ith feature point changes between the j-1 th and j-th measurements;
Pt i，j -the rate of change of displacement of the ith feature point between the j-1 th and j-th measurements;
t j -the time of the jth measurement, taking the initial measurement time as the origin of the reference time;
T j-1 -the time of the j-1 th measurement, with the initial measurement time as the origin of the reference time;
during the measurement, when Δ P i，j When the deformation value is too large, the large deformation is considered to occur at the i point of the bottom plate of the working surface between j-1 and j times, and the deformation value is delta P i，j (ii) a When Pt i，j When the deformation rate is too large, the deformation with a larger deformation rate is considered to occur at the i point of the bottom plate of the working surface between j-1 and j times, and the deformation rate is Pt i，j (ii) a When Pt is present i，j After the change from large to small and when the three measurements are all 0, the deformation of the working face bottom rock layer is considered to enter a stable stage, the deformation monitoring of the working face bottom rock layer can be finished at the moment, and the final measurement times are m times;
d5, calculating a floor strata failure depth index according to the formulas (5) and (6)
Figure BDA0003791593230000041
Figure BDA0003791593230000042
In formulae (5) and (6):
△P i -the displacement of the ith feature point changes between the mth and initial measurements;
SP i -the weighted displacement of the ith feature point varies between the mth and initial measurements;
b. b is a weight constant with the value range of 0-1, a >;
e. when Δ Pi>When 0, it can be determined that the damage has occurred to the surrounding rock formation where the feature point is located, or when SP i >When 0, the damage of the surrounding rock stratum where the characteristic point is located can be judged;
further, the outer wall of the measuring tube is rough and the inner wall is smooth.
And step a, constructing a measuring hole towards the direction of the bottom rock layer of the working face in the mining roadway outside the influence range of the pressure of the front support in front of the working face.
The method has the following measurement principle:
the deformation characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum can be determined by measuring the displacement characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face, the monitored parameters are the axis inclination angle, the horizontal projection azimuth angle and the length change of the measuring probe, and based on the three parameters, the deformation characteristics of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face can be determined by comparing the changes of the three parameters in the process that the working face is close to and far away from the measuring area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a working face bottom rock stratum deformation measuring method which is used for measuring the deformation range and the damage depth of a bottom rock stratum by obtaining the real displacement characteristics of characteristic points of the bottom rock stratum and calculating the deformation rate and the weighted displacement value of the bottom rock stratum.
In the measuring method, firstly, a measuring hole (depression hole) is constructed towards the direction of a bottom rock layer of a working face in a mining roadway outside the influence range of the pressure of the front support in front of the working face, or the existing bottom plate water detecting and releasing drill hole in the roadway is utilized; then, a measuring pipe is arranged in the measuring hole, wherein the measuring pipe is an elastic hose with a position mark, is in close contact with the surrounding rock mass and can generate spatial stretching compression and bending deformation, so that the cooperative deformation with the surrounding rock mass is realized, and a traveling channel is provided for a measuring probe; in the measuring process, a measuring probe moves along the axis of the measuring probe in the measuring pipe, and the inclination angle, horizontal projection azimuth change and length change of the axis of the probe (namely the axis of the measuring pipe) are obtained simultaneously; finally, the deformation characteristics of the bottom rock layer of the working face can be determined according to the inclination angle, the direction and the length change characteristics of the axis of the measuring tube.
Compared with the existing drilling method, the measuring method provided by the invention does not need to carry out series of complicated work such as water injection, measurement rod lengthening and the like, and can directly measure the real displacement value of the floor rock stratum, so that the damage condition of the floor rock stratum in the whole process of working face exploitation can be comprehensively obtained, the result analysis is easier to operate, and the measuring precision is high.
The measuring method can adapt to the bottom plate rock stratum conditions with different deformation characteristics and complex measuring working conditions, has wide application range, can measure the space position change of the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face, and directly reflects the deformation condition of the bottom plate rock stratum by the measuring result.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a measuring device arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the calculation steps of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 isbase:Sub>A schematic view of the A-A section measurement process;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a B-B profile measurement process;
FIG. 8 (a), (b) and (c) respectively show the inclination angle and the azimuth change of the bottom rock stratum of different depths along with the advancing of the working face;
in the figure:
1. measuring tube, 2, measuring device, 3, control device, 21, measuring probe, 22, cable, 23, length mark.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for measuring the deformation of a floor rock layer of a working face, and in order to make the advantages and the technical scheme of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is described in detail by combining specific embodiments.
The relevant components used in the present invention will first be described below:
survey buret 1, for flexible elastic hose, survey buret 1's outer wall is crude, and the inner wall is smooth, sets up position mark at certain distance intervals on the pipe wall of survey buret, and position mark can be magnetic material, luminescent material or the material of being convenient for by the perception such as material that generates heat.
As shown in fig. 5, the measuring device 2 mainly includes a measuring probe 21, a cable 22 and a length mark 23, the cable 22 is connected to the measuring probe 21, the length mark 23 is provided on the cable, and the purpose of providing the length mark on the cable is to use the cable as a distance measuring scale, and determine the travel length of the measuring probe according to the length of the cable immersed in the measuring hole.
And the control device 3 is used for controlling the measuring device, and the structure and the working mode of the control device can be realized by using the prior art for reference.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 3 and 6 to 8, the method for measuring the deformation of the bedrock layer of the working face comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, constructing a measuring hole (a depression hole) towards the direction of a bottom rock layer of a working face in a stoping roadway beyond the influence range of the front supporting pressure in front of the working face, or drilling holes by utilizing existing water detection and drainage of a bottom plate; and the punching position is positioned in the stoping roadway in front of the working face beyond the influence range of the front supporting pressure, and the drilled hole is inclined to the direction of the bottom rock layer of the working face.
After the hole to be measured is drilled to a preset depth, a measuring pipe is put into the observation hole, and a mark is arranged on the pipe wall of the measuring pipe.
The measuring probe is a cylindrical measuring probe, the measuring probe moves along the axis of the measuring tube, the inclination angle of the axis of the measuring probe and the azimuth change of the horizontal projection of the axis of the measuring probe are measured, the position mark of the wall of the measuring tube is sensed, the cable is used as a distance measuring scale at the same time, and the moving length of the measuring probe is determined by the length of the cable which is immersed into the measuring hole.
The method for measuring the damage depth of the floor rock stratum of the measuring holes with different inclination angles and different depths is the same as the method for measuring the damage depth of the floor rock stratum of the measuring holes with different inclination angles and different depths.
The spatial position change of the marking points of the bottom rock layer of the working face can be determined through the measured azimuth angle alpha (the included angle between the axis of the probe and the X-axis direction), the inclination angle beta (the included angle between the axis of the probe and the Z-axis direction) and the length l (the length of the cable between the position characteristic points).
The calculation process is as follows:
firstly, a position origin is selected, the drilling hole of the roadway floor is generally selected as the position origin, the coordinates of the position origin are (0, 0), the coordinates of the rest points are determined according to the relative position of the point, but the actual position of the point is in change in the measuring process. If the real coordinates of each point are needed to be obtained, a plurality of continuous relative position invariant points at the deepest part of the measuring tube are used as position reference points.
Numbering the position mark points of the measuring pipe from the roadway bottom plate, and recording the number and the coordinate of each mark point as D i，j ＝(x i,j ，y i,j ，z i,j ) Wherein i representsThe position number of each point is from the tunnel bottom plate downwards in proper order: 0,1,2,3, \8230;, n; j represents the number of times of measurement, the first measurement is the initial measurement and is marked as 0, and then, one is added in each measurement;
as shown in fig. 4, the coordinate determination formula of each feature point measured for the first time after the arrangement of the measuring device is completed is shown in formula (1):
Figure BDA0003791593230000061
in formula (1): x is a radical of a fluorine atom i，0 -the x-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
y i，0 -the y-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the time of initial measurement;
z i，0 -the z-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
x i+1，0 -the x-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
y i+1，0 -the y-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
z i+1，0 -the z-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of initial measurement;
l i，0 -the length of the line connecting the ith and i +1 st feature points at the time of initial measurement;
α i，0 during the initial measurement, the projection of the connection line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point on the XOY surface forms an included angle with the positive direction of the X (rotating anticlockwise from the X axis to the projection line);
β i，0 during the primary measurement, the connecting line of the ith and i +1 th characteristic points forms an included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
calculating the position coordinates of all the feature points by equation (2)
Figure BDA0003791593230000071
In formula (2): x is the number of i，j -the X-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
y i，j -Y-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
z i，j -Z-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
x i+1，j -the X-direction coordinate of the i +1 th feature point at the jth measurement;
y i+1，j -Y-direction coordinates of the (i + 1) th feature point at the jth measurement;
z i+1，j -Z-direction coordinates of the (i + 1) th feature point at the jth measurement;
l i，j -the length of the line connecting the ith and i +1 th feature points at the jth measurement;
α i，j during the jth measurement, the projection of the connection line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point on the XOY surface forms an included angle with the positive direction of the X (rotating anticlockwise from the X axis to the projection line);
β i，j when the jth measurement is carried out, the connecting line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point forms an included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
calculating DeltaP by the formula (3) and the formula (4) i，j 、Pt i，j ；
Figure BDA0003791593230000072
Figure BDA0003791593230000073
In formulae (3) and (4):
△P i，j -the displacement of the ith feature point changes between the j-1 th and the j-th measurements;
Pt i，j -the rate of change of the displacement of the ith feature point between the j-1 th and j-th measurements;
t j -the time of the jth measurement, taking the initial measurement time as the origin of the reference time;
T j-1 -the time of the (j-1) th measurement, with the initial measurement time as the origin of the reference time；
During the measurement, when Δ P i，j When the deformation value is too large, the large deformation is considered to occur at the i point of the bottom plate of the working surface between j-1 and j times, and the deformation value is delta P i，j (ii) a When Pt i，j When the deformation rate is too large, the deformation with a larger deformation rate is considered to occur at the i point of the bottom plate of the working surface between j-1 and j times, and the deformation rate is Pt i，j (ii) a When Pt i，j After the change from large to small and when the three measurements are all 0, the deformation of the working face bottom rock layer is considered to enter a stable stage, the deformation monitoring of the working face bottom rock layer can be finished at the moment, and the final measurement times are m times;
calculating a floor rock failure depth index according to equations (5) and (6)
Figure BDA0003791593230000081
Figure BDA0003791593230000082
In formulae (5) and (6):
△P i -the displacement of the ith feature point changes between the mth and initial measurements;
SP i -the weighted displacement of the ith feature point varies between the mth and initial measurements;
a. b is a weight constant with the value range of 0 to 1, generally speaking, a is greater than b;
equations (5) and (6) are floor strata failure depth index calculation equations, Δ Pi is an important parameter for determining the failure depth of the floor strata, and when Δ Pi =0, it is determined that the surrounding strata where the characteristic point is located is not broken, and when Δ Pi is present>When 0, judging that the surrounding rock stratum where the characteristic point is positioned is damaged, and setting delta P by considering the errors of the installation and measurement processes of the measuring device i >The range of 5mm is the damage range of the roadway floor rock stratum, and the depth of the floor rock stratum where the characteristic point is located is the damage depth of the roadway floor rock stratum. Since the deformation of the floor strata of the working face is a spatial deformation, but horizontallyThe deformation in the vertical direction and the deformation in the vertical direction reflect different damage degrees of the bottom rock stratum, so the weighted displacement change is proposed as a parameter for further judging the damage range and depth of the bottom rock stratum.
In the measuring method, the bottom end of each measuring line needs to be in a multi-section range of the non-deformable rock stratum, the judgment basis is that the number of the bottom end of each measuring line is not less than 3 feature points from the end upwards, and the feature points which do not move are used as the origin of coordinates, so that the real positions of the rest points can be obtained, the real damage and deformation characteristics of the rock stratum of the roadway floor are reflected, and the monitoring effect is extended.
And determining the deformation characteristic of the bottom plate rock layer of the working face by recording the change of the inclination angle, the direction and the length of the bottom plate rock layer at the measuring pipe in the process that the working face passes through the measuring position from far to near and from near to far, and when the measured value shows that the rock layer at the position is damaged, determining that the depth corresponding to the critical limit value is the damage depth of the bottom plate rock layer of the working face.
The inclination angle, horizontal projection orientation and length change curves of the floor strata as the working face advances to different depths are respectively shown in (a), (b) and (c) of fig. 8.
In conclusion, the measuring method can adapt to the floor rock stratum conditions with different deformation characteristics and complex measuring working conditions, and has wide application range. For example: after the floor rock stratum is damaged, the condition that the crack is not developed, the water conductivity is poor or the floor rock stratum has water accumulation and the like can affect the existing floor rock stratum crack development depth measurement result by means of the floor rock stratum crack water conductivity characteristic; in addition, the measuring method can measure the spatial position change of the rock stratum on the bottom plate rock stratum of the working face in one or more directions, the measuring result can directly reflect the deformation condition of the bottom plate rock stratum, and the measuring result is more accurate and credible.
The parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by taking the prior art as reference.
It is intended that any equivalents, or obvious variations, which may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein, be considered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A working face bottom rock layer deformation measuring method is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
a. drilling holes
Constructing a measuring hole towards the direction of the bottom rock layer of the working face;
b. arrangement of measuring tubes
After the measuring hole is drilled to a preset depth, arranging a measuring pipe into the measuring hole, wherein the measuring pipe is an elastic hose, and position marks are arranged on the wall of the measuring pipe at intervals;
c. arranging measuring devices and acquiring measurement data
The measuring device comprises a measuring probe and a cable, wherein the measuring probe advances along the axis of the measuring pipe, measures the inclination angle of the axis of the measuring probe and the change of the horizontal projection direction of the axis of the measuring probe, and senses the position mark of the pipe wall of the measuring pipe;
determining the advancing length of the measuring probe according to the length of the cable immersed in the measuring hole;
recording a horizontal projection azimuth angle alpha of the measuring probe, an axis inclination angle beta of the measuring probe and a length l;
d. and calculating, respectively comprising the following substeps:
d1, selecting a position origin, generally selecting a drilling hole of a roadway floor as the position origin, wherein the coordinates of the position origin are (0, 0 and 0), and the coordinates of the rest points are determined according to the relative positions of the points;
numbering the position mark points of the measuring pipe from the roadway bottom plate, and recording the number and the coordinate of each mark point as D i，j ＝(x i,j ，y i,j ，z i,j ) Wherein i represents the position number of each point, and the position number is sequentially from the roadway bottom plate downwards: 0,1,2,3, \8230;, n; j represents the number of times of measurement, the first measurement is initial measurement and is marked as 0, and then, one is added for each measurement;
d2, determining the coordinate of each feature point measured for the first time after the arrangement of the measuring device is completed by the formula (1):
Figure FDA0003791593220000011
in formula (1): x is the number of i，0 -the x-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the time of initial measurement;
y i，0 -the y-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the time of initial measurement;
z i，0 -the z-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the time of initial measurement;
x i+1，0 -the x-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
y i+1，0 -the y-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of initial measurement;
z i+1，0 -the z-direction coordinate of the (i + 1) th feature point at the time of the initial measurement;
l i，0 -the length of the line connecting the ith and i +1 th feature points at the time of initial measurement;
α i，0 during primary measurement, an included angle between the projection of the connection line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point on the XOY plane and the positive direction of the X is formed, and the connection line rotates anticlockwise from the X axis to a projection line;
β i，0 during the primary measurement, the connecting line of the ith and i +1 th characteristic points forms an included angle with the positive direction of the Z axis;
d3, calculating the position coordinates of all the characteristic points by the formula (2)
Figure FDA0003791593220000021
In the formula (2): x is a radical of a fluorine atom i，j -the X-direction coordinate of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
y i，j -Y-direction coordinates of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
z i，j -the Z-coordinate of the ith feature point at the jth measurement;
x i+1，j -the X-direction coordinate of the i +1 th feature point at the jth measurement;
y i+1，j -at j measurement, Y of i +1 th feature pointA direction coordinate;
z i+1，j -Z-direction coordinates of the (i + 1) th feature point at the jth measurement;
l i，j -the length of the line connecting the ith and i +1 th feature points at the jth measurement;
α i，j during the jth measurement, the projection of the connection line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point on the XOY surface forms an included angle with the positive direction of the X, and the connection line rotates anticlockwise from the X axis to a projection line;
β i，j during the jth measurement, the included angle between the connection line of the ith characteristic point and the i +1 th characteristic point and the positive direction of the Z axis is formed;
d4, calculating DeltaP by the formula (3) and the formula (4) i，j 、Pt i，j ；
Figure FDA0003791593220000022
Figure FDA0003791593220000023
In formulae (3) and (4):
△P i，j -the displacement of the ith feature point changes between the j-1 th and the j-th measurements;
Pt i，j -the rate of change of displacement of the ith feature point between the j-1 th and j-th measurements;
t j -the time of the jth measurement, taking the initial measurement time as the origin of the reference time;
T j-1 -the time of the j-1 th measurement, with the initial measurement time as the origin of the reference time;
during the measurement, when Δ P i，j When the deformation value is too large, the large deformation is considered to occur at the i point of the bottom plate of the working surface between j-1 and j times, and the deformation value is delta P i，j (ii) a When Pt i，j When the deformation rate is too large, the deformation with a larger deformation rate is considered to occur at the i point of the bottom plate of the working surface between j-1 and j times, and the deformation rate is Pt i，j (ii) a When Pt i，j Through the change from big to smallLater, when the three measurements are all 0, the deformation of the working face bottom rock layer is considered to enter a stable stage, the deformation monitoring of the working face bottom rock layer can be finished at the moment, and the final measurement times are m times;
d5, calculating a floor strata failure depth index according to the formulas (5) and (6)
Figure FDA0003791593220000031
Figure FDA0003791593220000032
In formulae (5) and (6):
△P i -the displacement of the ith feature point changes between the mth and initial measurements;
SP i -the weighted displacement of the ith feature point varies between the mth and initial measurements;
a. b is a weight constant, the value range is 0-1, a >;
e. when Δ Pi>When 0, it can be determined that the damage of the surrounding rock layer where the characteristic point is located has occurred, or when SP i >And when 0, the damage of the surrounding rock stratum where the characteristic point is located can be judged.
2. The method for measuring the deformation of the floor rock layer of the working face as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the measuring pipe is rough and the inner wall is smooth.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and a step a, constructing a measuring hole towards the direction of the bottom rock layer of the working face in the stoping roadway beyond the influence range of the front supporting pressure in front of the working face.
CN202210956552.4A 2022-08-10 2022-08-10 Working face bottom rock layer deformation measuring method Withdrawn CN115479568A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117495967A (en) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-02 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 Tunnel face displacement field monitoring method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117495967A (en) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-02 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 Tunnel face displacement field monitoring method
CN117495967B (en) * 2023-12-29 2024-04-05 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 Tunnel face displacement field monitoring method

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