CN115478217B - Low-density high-strength rare earth steel for golf club head and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Low-density high-strength rare earth steel for golf club head and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115478217B
CN115478217B CN202211120293.8A CN202211120293A CN115478217B CN 115478217 B CN115478217 B CN 115478217B CN 202211120293 A CN202211120293 A CN 202211120293A CN 115478217 B CN115478217 B CN 115478217B
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rare earth
low
steel
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density high
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CN115478217A (en
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林杰
汪志刚
尹铁淇
刘绪玮
张志涛
黄泳涛
谢意辉
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
    • A63B53/04—Heads
    • A63B53/047—Heads iron-type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0257—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C12/02—Diffusion in one step
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/32—Golf
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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Abstract

The invention provides a low-density high-strength rare earth steel for a golf club head, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of alloy steel component design and heat treatment process. The invention takes high-quality CrMo steel as a component basis, and a proper amount of rare earth is added on the component basis, so that the hardness and corrosion resistance of a ball head matrix are improved. In order to further meet the requirement of light weight, al element is added to reduce the density, and rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is carried out on the surface of the steel base so as to increase the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the surface of the ball head. The rare earth low-density steel provided by the invention has the advantages of high surface hardness, greatly improved service life, reduced material density and light weight, thereby improving the service hand feeling and design performance of the product.

Description

Low-density high-strength rare earth steel for golf club head and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy steel component design and heat treatment process, in particular to low-density high-strength rare earth steel for golf heads, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, along with the rapid increase of economy, people gradually increase the trend of beautiful life, golf is favored by many people due to the characteristics of elegance, greenness, health and the like, and the demands of different ages, sexes and consumer groups on golf are obviously different.
The golf tool mainly comprises three parts: ball, club and bulb. In order to improve the comfort and universality of golf, international organizations such as the united states golf association and the Royal history golf club of Andrews St. have made a great deal of research on balls and clubs and have come to a corresponding standard. In contrast, optimizing club head design and performance is an extremely important future development of golf.
The effect of the golf ball striking is mainly influenced by the hardness and specific strength of the striking face of the golf club head. While the feel of a shot is primarily affected by the density and material properties of the golf club head. The different materials have a great influence on the performance of the golf club head.
The main ball heads in the market at present mainly comprise titanium alloy ball heads, stainless steel ball heads and carbon steel ball heads. Titanium alloy bulbs are well recognized as the performance, and Ti-6Al-4V or TA9 titanium alloy is mainly used. Taking Ti-6Al-4V as an example, it has a low density (4.5 kg/cm 3 ) Therefore, a counterweight tungsten block is required to be added to change the gravity center, the design performance is good, the hand feeling is good, the shock absorbing performance is good, but the hardness is relatively low (36 HRC), the abrasion resistance is poor, the spherical groove is extremely easy to wear, and the service life of the ball head is short. The titanium ball head has higher material cost, complex and difficult processing technique and is extremely easy to absorb impurities such as oxyhydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and the like during hot processing. The expensive material cost and maintenance cost make the titanium alloy ball head difficult to meet the current demands of wide consumers.
Steel golf heads are required to have higher hardness and lower density, as well as stronger corrosion resistance, proper toughness. The existing stainless steel ball head is not enough in strength and large in density. For example, the 450SS stainless steel ball head mainly used has good corrosion resistance, hardness meeting the requirement (45 HRC), but higher density (7.8 kg/m 3 ) The hand feeling is poor. Also, the density of the currently mainstream carbon steel ball head is too large, so that the design performance of the ball head is limited to a great extent, and the shock absorbing performance and the corrosion resisting performance of the ball head are not strong enough, such as 8620 carbon steelBall head.
In the prior art, although the golf club head material is improved, the comprehensive matching of the hardness and strength of the golf club head and the density of the golf club head is still difficult. For example, chinese patent application CN113584345a discloses a golf club head material, a preparation process thereof and a club head striking face, the material is prepared from the following raw materials: 1 to 5 percent of vanadium powder, 1 to 8 percent of aluminum powder, 5 to 10 percent of chromium powder, 1 to 8 percent of nickel powder, 0.1 to 1 percent of manganese powder, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of iron powder and the balance of titanium powder. Although the hardness of the material is higher (57 HRC), the density is lower, but the defects of higher titanium cost, complex processing technology and the like are difficult to avoid. Also for example, chinese patent application CN102888570A discloses a stainless steel alloy applied to golf club head, which has moderate hardness (HRB value is between 70 and 80), low cost compared with titanium alloy, better corrosion resistance and high density (8.0+/-0.5 kg/cm) 3 ) So that the hand feeling is poor and the design performance is poor.
As described above, the conventional steel material for golf club heads is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high hardness, low density, low cost, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-density high-strength rare earth steel for a golf club head, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides low-density high-strength rare earth steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45 to 0.55 percent, si:0.16 to 0.35 percent, cr:0.85 to 1.20 percent, mn:0.80 to 1.75 percent, mo:0.15 to 0.25 percent of Al:5 to 7 percent, ca: 0.005-0.02%, ce: 0.001-0.015%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, S less than or equal to 50ppm, O less than or equal to 50ppm and the balance iron.
Preferably, the surface of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel is high-carbon tempered martensite and a small amount of residual austenite, and the volume content of the residual austenite is less than 5%; the core is low-carbon tempered martensite and troostite; the matrix structure contains nano-scale and submicron-scale rare earth composite inclusions.
Preferably, the density is less than or equal to 6.8g/cm 3 The surface hardness is more than or equal to 65HRC.
The invention provides a preparation method of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel, which comprises the following steps:
batching, smelting, casting and forging according to the composition of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel to obtain a forging stock; carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock to obtain a hot-rolled plate blank;
sequentially carrying out pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, quenching and tempering on the hot rolled plate blank to obtain the low-density high-strength rare earth steel;
the carburizing agent adopted in the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is kerosene containing 5-8wt% of rare earth Ce, the temperature of the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is 915-925 ℃ and the time is 60min.
Preferably, the temperature of the pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is 865-875 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 30min.
Preferably, the quenching temperature is 1145-1155 ℃ and the quenching time is 15min.
Preferably, the quenching cooling mode is water quenching.
Preferably, the tempering temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Preferably, the initial rolling temperature of the hot rolling is 1150-1250 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 950-980 ℃, and the total deformation is more than or equal to 75%.
The invention provides application of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel prepared by the scheme or the preparation method of the scheme in golf heads.
The invention provides low-density high-strength rare earth steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45 to 0.55 percent, si:0.16 to 0.35 percent, cr:0.85 to 1.20 percent, mn:0.80 to 1.75 percent, mo:0.15 to 0.25 percent of Al:5 to 7 percent, ca: 0.005-0.02%, ce: 0.001-0.015%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, S less than or equal to 50ppm, O less than or equal to 50ppm and the balance iron. The invention takes high-quality CrMo steel as a component basis, and a proper amount of rare earth is added on the component basis, so that the hardness and corrosion resistance of the steel are improved. In order to further meet the requirement of light weight, al element is added to reduce the density, and rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is carried out on the surface of the steel base so as to increase the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the ball head.
The rare earth steel provided by the invention has high strength, high hardness and greatly improved service life, reduces the material density, and realizes the light weight of the product, thereby increasing the service hand feeling and design performance of the product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface texture map of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the core of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides low-density high-strength rare earth steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45 to 0.55 percent, si:0.16 to 0.35 percent, cr:0.85 to 1.20 percent, mn:0.80 to 1.75 percent, mo:0.15 to 0.25 percent of Al:5 to 7 percent, ca: 0.005-0.02%, ce: 0.001-0.015%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, S less than or equal to 50ppm, O less than or equal to 50ppm and the balance iron.
The low-density high-strength rare earth steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: from 0.45 to 0.55%, preferably from 0.48 to 0.52%, most preferably 0.51%. The invention controls the content of C in the range, is beneficial to the formation of martensite, and can avoid the deterioration of the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the ball head due to the excessive formation of excessive coarse carbide due to the excessive content of C.
The low-density high-strength rare earth steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: from 0.16 to 0.35%, preferably from 0.20 to 0.30%, most preferably 0.24%. The invention controls the content of Si in the range, not only improves the fluidity of the melt and the castability of the alloy casting, but also improves the yield strength and the tensile strength on the premise of avoiding the reduction of the extensibility caused by the excessively high content of silicon.
The low-density high-strength rare earth steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: from 0.85 to 1.20%, preferably from 0.90 to 1.15%, most preferably 1.10%. The invention controls the content of Cr in the range, so that the alloy steel has better corrosion resistance, strength and hardness, and can play a certain solid solution strengthening role. In addition, the invention controls the Cr content in the above range, so that on one hand, the excessive increase of cost of Cr content can be avoided, and on the other hand, the increase of brittleness of the ball head caused by more hard carbide can be prevented.
The low-density high-strength rare earth steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: from 0.80 to 1.75%, preferably from 1.00 to 1.70%, most preferably 1.60%. The Mn content is controlled in the range, so that the Mn-free alloy is easy to combine with sulfur, the austenite phase region can be enlarged, the martensite formation is promoted, and the hardness of the alloy is further improved. And the addition of Mn element can obviously reduce the stacking fault energy of the alloy and improve the strength and impact toughness of the alloy. In this content range, it is also possible to avoid deterioration of mechanical properties due to the occurrence of band-like structures in the alloy when the Mn element content is too high.
The low-density high-strength rare earth alloy steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: from 0.15 to 0.25%, preferably from 0.18 to 0.23%, most preferably 0.22%. The invention can refine crystal grains and form second phase particles for strengthening by adding a proper amount of Mo, thereby improving hardenability.
The low-density high-strength rare earth alloy steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 7%, preferably 5.5 to 6.5%, most preferably 6.0%. The invention adds proper Al, which greatly improves the toughness and strength of the alloy, improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy and prolongs the service life of the product under the condition of obviously reducing the density. The addition of Al can also improve the hardness of the ball head by inhibiting the precipitation of the netlike carbide, and strengthen the batting performance of the product.
The low-density high-strength rare earth alloy steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.001 to 0.015%, preferably 0.005 to 0.013%, most preferably 0.010%. The invention adds proper amount of Ce, which not only can be used as a deoxidizing, desulfurizing and microalloying tool, but also can refine crystal grains, enhance impact toughness and various equality, and improve corrosion resistance of the material. Also for brittle Al 2 O 3 Has denaturation effect, improves the fatigue performance of steel, and simultaneously reduces MnS and the likeFormation of harmful inclusions.
The low-density high-strength rare earth alloy steel provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.005 to 0.02%, preferably 0.008 to 0.015%, most preferably 0.010%. The invention controls the content of Ca in the above range, which not only ensures complete deoxidization, but also avoids the formation of new impurities.
The low-density high-strength rare earth alloy steel provided by the invention comprises less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 50ppm of S and less than or equal to 50ppm of O. In the present invention, the P, S and O are impurity elements.
In the invention, the surface structure of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel is high-carbon tempered martensite and a small amount of residual austenite, and the volume content of the residual austenite is preferably less than 5 percent (which refers to the volume of a matrix of an observation surface); the core is preferably low carbon tempered martensite and troostite; the matrix structure preferably contains nano-scale and submicron-scale (< 10 μm) rare earth composite inclusions. Because the surface of the rare earth is co-infiltrated, high-carbon tempered martensite can be promoted to be formed on the surface so as to meet the requirement of high hardness, and in addition, the residual austenite is difficult to avoid. The core is low-carbon tempered martensite and troostite, so that the core has certain toughness, and the composite inclusion can improve the hardness and ensure the overall performance of the ball head (good collocation of the hardness and the toughness).
The density of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel provided by the invention is less than or equal to 6.8g/cm 3 The hardness is more than or equal to 65HRC. Meanwhile, the toughness and corrosion resistance can also meet the use requirement of the golf club head, can effectively improve the batting performance of the golf club, enables a user to swing more easily, and can be popularized and used in the golf field.
The invention provides a preparation method of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel, which comprises the following steps:
batching, smelting, casting and forging according to the composition of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel to obtain a forging stock; carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock to obtain a hot-rolled plate blank;
sequentially carrying out pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, quenching and tempering on the hot rolled plate blank to obtain the low-density high-strength rare earth steel;
the carburizing agent adopted in the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is kerosene containing 5-8wt% of rare earth Ce, the temperature of the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is 915-925 ℃ and the time is 60min.
The invention prepares the forging stock by proportioning, smelting, casting and forging according to the composition of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the process of compounding, and compounding processes well known in the art may be employed. In the invention, the smelting is preferably converter smelting and external refining; the temperature of the converter smelting melt is preferably 1600 ℃; the heat preservation time is 40min; the temperature of the external refining is 1700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 9min; adding a calcium wire and a rare earth wire in sequence during external refining; and (5) carrying out soft argon blowing treatment after external refining. The invention has no special requirement on the adding conditions of the calcium wire and the rare earth wire, and the adding technology well known in the field is adopted to meet the requirements of the rare earth steel components. The invention has no special requirements on the soft argon blowing treatment process.
In the present invention, the casting is preferably continuous casting or die casting. In the present invention, the cast slab is preferably heated to 1200 ℃ before the forging. In the present invention, the forging temperature is preferably 1150 ℃. The invention removes ingot heads and tails and removes oxide skin and cold cracks on the surface layer during forging. The invention refines the structure and reduces the looseness by forging.
After the forging stock is obtained, the forging stock is hot rolled to obtain a hot rolled plate blank. In the present invention, the initial rolling temperature of the hot rolling is preferably 1150 to 1250 ℃, the final rolling temperature is preferably 950 to 980 ℃, and the total deformation is preferably not less than 75%, more preferably 75 to 85%. The invention utilizes hot rolling to obtain fine and uniform matrix structure, and prepares for subsequent heat treatment.
After a hot-rolled plate blank is obtained, the hot-rolled plate blank is subjected to pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, quenching and tempering in sequence, and the low-density high-strength rare earth steel is obtained.
Before the pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, the hot rolled plate blank is preferably subjected to surface treatment. The invention has no special requirement on the surface treatment process, and can remove and clean the oxide skin on the surface of the hot-rolled plate blank.
In the invention, the temperature of the pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is preferably 865-875 ℃, more preferably 870 ℃, and the heat preservation time is preferably 30min. The invention utilizes the effect of pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment to improve the original tissue of the material, reduce the banded tissue and improve the comprehensive performance of the material.
In the invention, the carburizing agent adopted in the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is kerosene containing 5-8wt% of rare earth Ce, and the temperature of the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is 915-925 ℃ for 60min. The invention can obviously improve the hardness and wear resistance of the ball head surface by utilizing rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment. Compared with common carburization treatment, rare earth carbon co-carburization treatment has higher carbon transmission coefficient, and can obtain deeper carburized layer. And rare earth can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core of carbide, so that tiny and dispersed carbide is precipitated and separated out from a carburized surface layer through a eutectoid zone, and the carbide cannot form continuous reticular distribution, thereby playing a role in optimizing the shape, distribution and size of the carbide.
In the invention, the quenching temperature is preferably 1145-1155 ℃ and the quenching time is preferably 15min; the quenching cooling mode is preferably water quenching. The invention realizes complete austenitization by quenching; the transformation from austenite to martensite is realized in the quenching and cooling process.
In the invention, the tempering temperature is preferably 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is preferably 3h. The invention realizes the transformation from martensite to tempered martensite in the tempering process.
The invention provides application of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel in golf heads.
The low-density high-strength rare earth steel for golf club head, the preparation method and application thereof provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Adding external refining by using converter smelting: the temperature of the converter melt is 1600 ℃, and the smelting time is 40min; the temperature of the external refining is 1700 ℃ and the time is 9min; adding a calcium wire and a rare earth wire in sequence during external refining; and (5) carrying out soft argon blowing treatment after external refining.
And continuously casting the next step, heating the casting blank along with a furnace to 1200 ℃, forging, removing the ingot head and the ingot tail of the casting blank, and removing the oxide skin and the cold cracking of the surface layer. Repeatedly upsetting and drawing out on the forging hammer to refine the structure and reduce the looseness; the forging temperature was 1150 ℃.
And then hot rolling the forging stock, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 970 ℃, and the total deformation is more than or equal to 80%, so as to obtain a hot rolled plate blank.
Pretreating the hot-rolled slab, removing oxide skin on the surface of a sample and cleaning the sample; then performing pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment: heat preservation is carried out for 30 minutes at 870+/-5 ℃; rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is carried out for 60 minutes at the temperature of 920+/-5 ℃ by using kerosene with 7wt% of rare earth (Ce) as a carburizing agent; quenching: preserving heat for 15 minutes at 1150+/-5 ℃ and carrying out water quenching; tempering: tempering is carried out for 3 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain the low-density high-strength rare earth steel.
Tables 1 and 2 show the component ratios and the related performance indexes of each example and each comparative example.
Example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 7 differ from example 1 in that: the composition of example 2 is different from that of example 1; comparative example 1 was free of added Al; comparative example 2 was free of rare earth Ce; in comparative example 3, neither rare earth Ce nor Al was added; comparative example 4 has 10% Al added by mass fraction; comparative example 5 was added with 0.052% by mass of rare earth Ce; the addition amount of Mn was reduced to 0.75% by mass fraction in comparative example 6; in comparative example 7, the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment was replaced with the ordinary carburization treatment.
The specific process of the ordinary carburizing treatment used in comparative example 7 is: carburizing treatment is carried out for 60 minutes at the temperature of 920+/-5 ℃.
Table 1 the proportions of the components (in mass%) of each example and comparative example
Figure BDA0003846364380000081
Table 2 relevant performance indicators for each of the examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003846364380000082
Figure BDA0003846364380000091
From comparison of the density indexes of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 4 in table 2, it can be seen that the addition of Al has a great weight reduction effect on the samples, and significantly reduces the density of the samples. From the comparison of hardness indexes, the addition of Al slightly reduces the hardness of the alloy within a certain range, and when the addition of Al is excessive, the mechanical properties of the alloy are remarkably deteriorated.
From comparison of the hardness indexes of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 2 and 5 in Table 2, it can be seen that when rare earth is added in a trace amount, the hardness of the alloy increases.
From comparison of the hardness indexes of examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 6 in table 2, it can be seen that the hardness of the alloy can be improved when an appropriate amount of Mn is added.
From comparison of the hardness indexes of example 1 and comparative example 7 in Table 2, it can be seen that the hardness of the golf club head surface is significantly improved after the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 2, after the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, the carbon concentration on the surface of the rare earth steel is increased, wherein the thickness of the carbon layer is 2mm, after the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, the surface structure is high-carbon tempered martensite (fig. 1), the hardness is obviously increased compared with that before the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, and the core is low-carbon tempered martensite and troostite (fig. 2).
Because the hitting distance in the golf sport is affected by the hardness of the hitting surface of the golf club head, the hand feeling during hitting and the design performance of the golf club head are affected by the density of the golf club head, when the two performances are excellent, more swing hitting force can be transmitted to the golf ball, and the golf club head can be ensured to have good hitting hand feeling and excellent design performance. Therefore, the low-density steel ball head added with aluminum and cerium rare earth obtained by rare earth carbon co-cementation has good application prospect.
In conclusion, the low-density high-strength rare earth alloy steel prepared by the method has high hardness and low density, greatly prolongs the service life, meets the use requirement of the golf club head, and is a preferable material for preparing the golf club head. The material of the invention has low cost, wide market, and is novel, practical and creative, and the cost benefit meets the development requirement of golf industry.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A low-density high-strength rare earth steel, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45 to 0.55 percent, si:0.16 to 0.35 percent, cr:0.85 to 1.20 percent, mn:0.80 to 1.75 percent, mo:0.15 to 0.25 percent of Al:5 to 7 percent, ca: 0.005-0.02%, ce: 0.001-0.015%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, S less than or equal to 50ppm, O less than or equal to 50ppm and the balance iron; the surface of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel is high-carbon tempered martensite and a small amount of residual austenite, and the volume content of the residual austenite is less than 5%; the core is low-carbon tempered martensite and troostite; the matrix structure contains nano-scale and submicron-scale rare earth composite inclusions.
2. The low-density high-strength rare earth steel according to claim 1, wherein the density is 6.8g/cm or less 3 The surface hardness is more than or equal to 65HRC.
3. The method for preparing the low-density high-strength rare earth steel according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
batching, smelting, casting and forging according to the composition of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel to obtain a forging stock; carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock to obtain a hot-rolled plate blank;
sequentially carrying out pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment, quenching and tempering on the hot rolled plate blank to obtain the low-density high-strength rare earth steel;
the temperature of the pre-rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is 865-875 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30min;
the carburizing agent adopted in the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is kerosene containing 5-8wt% of rare earth Ce, the temperature of the rare earth carbon co-cementation treatment is 915-925 ℃ and the time is 60min.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the quenching is performed at 1145 to 1155 ℃ for 15min.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the quenching is performed by water quenching.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the tempering temperature is 200 ℃ and the holding time is 3 hours.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the hot rolling is performed at a start temperature of 1150-1250 ℃ and a finish temperature of 950-980 ℃ with a total deformation of 75% or more.
8. Use of the low-density high-strength rare earth steel according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the low-density high-strength rare earth steel prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 7 in golf club heads.
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