CN115474965B - Ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity self-adaptive evaluation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity self-adaptive evaluation method and device, which are used for acquiring transmission data of one transmission and multiple receptions in water by utilizing a multi-array element probe in a full-matrix acquisition mode. The transmitting array elements are replaced by the virtual array with variable weight, the rest receiving adopts receiving point receiving, and array receiving data at the moment is calculated by a finite difference method or a Green function analysis method. And comparing the difference between the calculated received data and the actual observed data, and updating the weight of the virtual array by using a gradient descent method. After the updating is finished, the virtual array weight is fixed, sound pressures surrounding the transmitting array element at the same distance and different angles are calculated in a simulation mode, and the directivity of the array element is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical ultrasound, in particular to an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity self-adaptive evaluation method and device.
Background
A probe in the field of medical ultrasonic imaging transmits ultrasonic waves to a target body and then receives reflection echoes of human tissues to perform acoustic impedance structural parameter imaging, or receives transmission waves penetrating through the human tissues to perform acoustic velocity and acoustic attenuation parameter imaging. The human tissue image reconstructed by the ultrasonic can be used as an imaging basis for auxiliary diagnosis. At present, a medical ultrasonic CT probe is generally an array (ring, arc, cylindrical surface and the like) consisting of a plurality of array elements so as to be beneficial to imaging human tissues by utilizing ultrasonic waves from multiple angles.
The size of a single array element of the medical ultrasonic probe, especially a high-frequency probe, is often difficult to ignore compared with the central wavelength of an excitation ultrasonic signal, and the excitation sound pressure loaded on the array element has non-uniformity, so that the ultrasonic signal emitted by the array element has directivity. The ideal state of the ultrasonic signal emitted by the array element is that the array element sends ultrasonic waves in a mode of a point sound source, and the array element in reality has directivity instead of sending the ultrasonic signal in the ideal state.
For the ultrasonic CT imaging technology, the knowledge of probe array element directivity is the key to improve the structural imaging resolution and increase the parameter imaging accuracy. According to the traditional array element directivity evaluation method, sound pressure data on a circle of position with a probe to be measured as the circle center needs to be measured one by a hydrophone, the workload is huge for a multi-probe array, and the change of the array element directivity after the equipment is used for many times is difficult to evaluate.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of this application is to solve the defect that prior art exists.
The application provides a rapid, accurate and automatic ultrasonic array element directivity self-adaptive evaluation method based on array observation data, and the method can be used in the fields of ultrasonic CT imaging and the like.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an adaptive evaluation method for directivity of an array probe of an ultrasonic CT array, where the array probe includes N array elements, where N is an integer greater than 1, and the evaluation method includes: determining array elements to be tested in the N array elements; transmitting ultrasonic waves by using the array elements to be detected, and receiving the ultrasonic waves by using the other M array elements to form a first observation data set, wherein M is an integer which is larger than zero and smaller than or equal to N; simulating the array element to be measured by using a virtual array consisting of a plurality of variable-weight virtual points to be measured, simulating the ultrasonic waves emitted by the array element to be measured, simulating the M array elements by using M receiving point arrays, and receiving the ultrasonic waves emitted by simulation to form a second observation data set; obtaining a target function of variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set; obtaining directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be detected based on the target function; and obtaining a directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, namely the directivity evaluation result of the array element to be tested.
In a feasible embodiment, the directivity evaluation results of all array elements are measured by using a virtual array method and compared with a non-directional virtual array, so that the directivity evaluation of the transmitting probe is realized successfully through the observation data of the array by using the virtual array sound source method. The accurate sound source modeling simulation method has important significance for ultrasonic CT image reconstruction with millimeter-level or even submillimeter-level resolution.
In a possible design, after obtaining a directivity estimation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, that is, the directivity estimation result of the array element to be measured, the method further includes: and sequentially taking the N array elements of the array probe as array elements to be detected, and further obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the N array elements, namely the directivity evaluation result of the array probe.
In another possible design, the simulating the M array elements using M receive point arrays and receiving ultrasonic waves to form a second observation data set includes: simulating the M array elements by using M receiving dot arrays; and calculating the receiving data of the M receiving points based on the propagation function to form a second observation data set.
In another possible design, the propagation function includes: finite difference or green's function.
In another possible design, the objective function includes: a two-norm comparison function, or variance function, or a difference-by-difference function, or a least-squares function.
In another possible design, the obtaining, based on the objective function, directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured includes: and optimizing the objective function based on the variable-weight objective function of the multiple virtual points to be measured, so as to obtain the corresponding variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured, namely the directional weights.
In another possible design, the optimizing the objective function includes: and optimizing the objective function through a gradient descent optimization algorithm.
In another possible design, the gradient descent optimization algorithm includes: steepest descent method, or conjugate gradient method, or L-BFGS method.
In another possible design, the obtaining a directivity estimation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight includes: setting the variable weights of the virtual points to be measured as the directional weights; setting new receiving points at the same distance and different angle positions by taking the virtual array as a circle center; when the virtual array is simulated to transmit ultrasonic waves, the maximum value of the received signals of the new receiving point is taken; and searching to obtain the maximum values of a plurality of receiving signals with different distances, and obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the virtual array element to be tested.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity adaptive evaluation device, the array probe includes N array elements, where N is an integer greater than 1, and includes: the array element determining module is used for determining array elements to be detected in the N array elements; the first observation data set forming module is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves by using the array elements to be detected, and receiving the ultrasonic waves by using the rest M array elements to form a first observation data set, wherein M is an integer which is larger than zero and is less than or equal to N; the virtual array module is used for simulating the array element to be tested by using a virtual array consisting of a plurality of variable-weight virtual points to be tested and simulating the ultrasonic waves emitted by the array element to be tested; the second observation data set forming module is used for simulating the M array elements by using M receiving point arrays and receiving the ultrasonic waves transmitted by simulation to form a second observation data set; a directional weight calculation module, configured to obtain a target function of variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set, and obtain directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the target function; and the directivity evaluation result calculation module is used for obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, namely the directivity evaluation result of the array element to be tested.
The application provides an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity self-adaptive evaluation method and device, which is a method for inverting ultrasonic array element directivity by utilizing array self-observation data through an optimization method based on gradient descent and can solve the problems of ultrasonic CT probe directivity evaluation and correction. The additional directivity measurement work can be reduced by utilizing the observation data of the ultrasonic array, and an automatic and high-precision array element directivity evaluation scheme is formed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity adaptive evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic composition diagram of an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity adaptive evaluation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 512-element ultrasonic ring array system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of waveform signals of a first observation data set of 384 array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sound wave propagation process of a loading point sound source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a sound wave propagation process of a virtual array sound source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating directivity estimation data of a load point sound source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the directivity estimation data of a virtual array sound source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic directional diagram of a loading point sound source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic directional diagram of a virtual array sound source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
In the practical application of medical ultrasound CT, if there is no effective analysis on the sound source directivity, the resolution of the acquired structural image is reduced, and the error of the parametric image is large. However, an automatic and self-adaptive array element directivity evaluation method is lacked in the traditional practice. The invention provides an array element directivity analysis method based on array self-observation data, aiming at an ultrasonic CT multi-array element array probe system, and the array element directivity is determined automatically and accurately without repeated extra measurement by using a hydrophone.
For the ultrasonic CT imaging technology, the knowledge of probe array element directivity is the key to improve the structural imaging resolution and increase the parameter imaging accuracy. Therefore, the method for rapidly, accurately and automatically evaluating the directivity of the ultrasonic array element based on the array observation data is provided, and can be used in the fields of ultrasonic CT imaging and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides an adaptive evaluation method for directivity of an array element of an ultrasonic CT array probe, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step S110, the array probe comprises N array elements, wherein N is an integer greater than 1, and array elements to be detected in the N array elements are determined.
And step S120, transmitting ultrasonic waves by using the array elements to be detected, and receiving the ultrasonic waves by using the rest M array elements to form a first observation data set, wherein M is an integer which is larger than zero and smaller than or equal to N.
Step S130, simulating the array element to be measured by using a virtual array composed of a plurality of variable-weight virtual points to be measured, simulating the ultrasonic waves emitted by the array element to be measured, simulating the M array elements by using M receiving point arrays, and receiving the ultrasonic waves emitted by simulation to form a second observation data set.
Step S140, obtaining a variable-weight objective function of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set.
And S150, obtaining directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the virtual points to be measured based on the objective function.
And step S160, obtaining a directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, namely the directivity evaluation result of the array element to be tested.
In steps S110 and S120, in a possible embodiment, under the water immersion condition, each array element of the multi-array-element ultrasonic transducer is utilized to transmit ultrasonic waves one by one, and each time of transmission, all the array elements are received, or received at intervals of several array elements, where when all the array elements are received, the directivity is higher in accuracy, the precision is higher, but the simulation process is slightly complex and the calculation time is longer. If the j array element is transmitted, the wave trains received by all the array elements are arranged together in sequence to form a first observation data set of the array pair j array element
In step S130, in a possible embodiment, the j array element is replaced by a virtual array, and the receiving array element uses a receiving point to simulate receiving, where the virtual array may be circular, square, or linear, and the best effect is obtained when the j array element is taken as the center. Virtual array initial weight w 0 Can be set to the same value, and the received data set of the array when the j array element transmits is calculated through finite difference or Green function
In a possible embodiment, the size of a single array element of the medical ultrasonic probe, especially the high-frequency probe, is often difficult to ignore compared with the central wavelength of the excitation ultrasonic signal, and the excitation sound pressure loaded on the array element has non-uniformity, so that the emitted ultrasonic signal has directivity. Therefore, the virtual array is used for replacing the j array element, so that the real state of the j array element when the ultrasonic signal is sent can be better simulated, and the directivity of the ultrasonic signal can be more truly simulated. The ideal state of a single array element is that the array element transmits ultrasonic waves in a point sound source mode, and the array element in reality has directivity instead of transmitting ultrasonic signals in the ideal state.
In step S140, in a possible embodiment, based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set, an objective function of variable weight of the virtual array element to be tested is obtained. Designing an objective function
Where E is a function for measuring the difference between the received data of the two methods, and a two-norm may be used as a more conventional case, but any other optional comparison function, such as a variance function, or a difference-by-difference function, or a least-squares function, is not excluded. E.g., under a two-norm>
Where w is the virtual array weight, i is the number of the receiving array element, and t is the time series. For example, in one possible embodiment, where 42 virtual points are used to simulate the transmitted j array element, w is a matrix or vector comprising 42 unequal elements.
In step S150, based on the objective function, directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured are obtained. In one possible embodiment, the optimization problem is solved by
The optimal virtual array weight can be obtained to calculate the array element directivity. The optimization problem can be solved by a gradient descent optimization algorithm (such as a steepest descent method, a conjugate gradient method and an L-BFGS method).
In step S160, in a possible embodiment, the virtual array weight w obtained in the previous step is substituted into the virtual array, the received signals at the same distance and different angle positions with the transmitting probe as the center of the circle are calculated, the maximum value of the received signals is taken, the maximum values of the received signals at different distances are found, and a polar coordinate diagram related to the angle is drawn, so as to obtain the directivity diagram of the array element j.
Repeating the process from step S110 to step S160, the directivity of all array elements of the whole array can be obtained, and the directivity evaluation of the whole ultrasound CT array probe can be performed.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity adaptive evaluation apparatus, where the array probe includes N array elements, where N is an integer greater than 1, and mainly includes the following modules:
a to-be-detected array element determining module 210, configured to determine to-be-detected array elements in the N array elements;
a first observation data set forming module 220, configured to transmit ultrasonic waves by using the array element to be detected, and receive the ultrasonic waves by using the remaining M array elements to form a first observation data set, where M is an integer greater than zero and less than or equal to N;
a virtual array module 230, configured to simulate the array element to be tested by using a virtual array composed of multiple variable-weight virtual points to be tested, and simulate the ultrasonic waves emitted by the array element to be tested;
a second observation data set forming module 240, configured to simulate the M array elements by using M receiving dot arrays, and receive the ultrasound waves emitted by the simulation, so as to form a second observation data set;
a directional weight calculation module 250, configured to obtain an objective function of the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set, and obtain directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the objective function;
and a directivity evaluation result calculation module 260, configured to obtain a directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, where the directivity evaluation result is a directivity evaluation result of the array element to be detected.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention is directed to a set of 512-element ultrasound ring array system, where the ring is exemplary and may be in other shapes, such as an ellipse, a polygon, etc. The invention provides a specific embodiment, which explains the specific application method of the invention, and the directivity of the ultrasonic annular array system can be well simulated by the virtual array obtained by using the point sound source to replace the transmitting array element and using the virtual array to replace the transmitting array element for comparison. Note that this embodiment is only for illustrating the application method of the present invention, and is not intended to limit a specific application scenario. The specific steps of this example are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: under the condition of water immersion, each array element of the annular multi-array element ultrasonic transducer is utilized to transmit ultrasonic waves one by one, and all the array elements (including the transmitting array elements) receive each time of transmission; taking 384 array element transmission as an example, the wave trains received by all the array elements individually are arranged together in sequence, and the wave signals are
As shown in fig. 4.
Step two: the transmitting array element transmitting signals are replaced by a virtual array of 42 virtual points (which can also be understood as 42 array elements), the weight of each virtual point of the initial virtual array is set to be 1/42, 512 receiving points are used for simulating 512 array element receiving signals, and a receiving data set when 384 array elements transmit is calculated
And similarly, a point sound source is used for replacing a transmitting array element to transmit signals to obtain a receiving data set.
Step three: designing an objective function
Solving for a falling gradient>
Step four: the sound field propagation processes of the nondirectional point sound source shown in fig. 5 and the optimized virtual array sound source shown in fig. 6 are calculated, and it can be seen that after the method of the embodiment of the present invention is optimized, the loading of the directional sound source is successfully realized in the simulation.
Step five: a directivity estimation array of 80 elements was set within an angle of 108 ° inside the circular array of 10 cm from the virtual array center, and estimation data of a point sound source as shown in fig. 7 and estimation data of a virtual array sound source as shown in fig. 8 were calculated.
Step six: the connecting line of the circle center of the probe and the center of the circular array is 0 DEG, the angle is increased in the counterclockwise direction, the maximum value of the evaluation data is taken, the forward directivity diagram of the point sound source shown in figure 9 is drawn, and the forward directivity diagram of the virtual array sound source shown in figure 10 is drawn.
Compared with the method of using a point sound source to replace a transmitting array element to transmit signals, the virtual array sound source method successfully realizes the directional evaluation of the transmitting probe through the observation data of the array. The accurate sound source modeling has important significance for the ultrasonic CT image reconstruction pursuing the resolution of millimeter level or even submillimeter level.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, so that it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only one of the specific embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic CT array probe array element directivity self-adaptive evaluation method is disclosed, wherein the array probe comprises N array elements, wherein N is an integer greater than 1, and the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
determining array elements to be tested in the N array elements;
transmitting ultrasonic waves by using the array elements to be detected, and receiving the ultrasonic waves by using the other M array elements to form a first observation data set, wherein M is an integer which is greater than zero and less than or equal to N;
simulating the array element to be measured by using a virtual array consisting of a plurality of variable-weight virtual points to be measured, simulating the ultrasonic waves emitted by the array element to be measured, simulating the M array elements by using M receiving point arrays, and receiving the ultrasonic waves emitted by simulation to form a second observation data set;
obtaining a variable-weight objective function of a plurality of virtual points to be measured based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set;
obtaining directional weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the target function;
obtaining a directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, wherein the directivity evaluation result is the directivity evaluation result of the array element to be tested; setting the variable weight of a plurality of virtual points to be measured as the directional weight; setting new receiving points at the same distance and different angle positions by taking the virtual array as a circle center; when the virtual array is simulated to transmit ultrasonic waves, the maximum value of the received signals of the new receiving point is taken; and searching to obtain the maximum values of a plurality of receiving signals with different distances, and obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the virtual array element to be tested.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, that is, the directivity evaluation result of the array element to be tested, the method further comprises:
and sequentially taking the N array elements of the array probe as the array elements to be detected, and further obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the N array elements, namely the directivity evaluation result of the array probe.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said simulating the M array elements using M receive point arrays and receiving ultrasound waves to form a second observation data set comprises:
simulating the M array elements by using M receiving point arrays;
and calculating the receiving data of the M receiving points based on the propagation function to form a second observation data set.
4. The evaluation method of claim 3, wherein the propagation function comprises:
finite difference or green's function.
5. The evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the objective function comprises:
a two-norm comparison function, or variance function, or a difference-by-difference function, or a least-squares function.
6. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the directional weight corresponding to the variable weight of the plurality of virtual points to be measured based on the objective function comprises:
and optimizing the objective function based on the variable-weight objective function of the multiple virtual points to be measured, so as to obtain the corresponding variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured, namely the directional weights.
7. The evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the optimizing the objective function comprises:
and optimizing the objective function through a gradient descent optimization algorithm.
8. The evaluation method of claim 7, wherein the gradient descent optimization algorithm comprises:
steepest descent method, or conjugate gradient method, or L-BFGS method.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining a directivity estimation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight comprises:
setting the variable weights of a plurality of virtual points to be measured as the directional weights;
setting new receiving points at the same distance and different angle positions by taking the virtual array as a circle center;
when the virtual array is simulated to transmit ultrasonic waves, the maximum value of the received signals of the new receiving point is taken;
and searching to obtain the maximum values of a plurality of receiving signals with different distances, and obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the virtual array element to be tested.
10. The utility model provides an supersound CT array probe array element directive property self-adaptation evaluation device, the array probe includes N array element, and wherein, N is for being greater than 1 integer, its characterized in that includes:
the array element determining module is used for determining array elements to be detected in the N array elements;
the first observation data set forming module is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves by using the array elements to be detected, and receiving the ultrasonic waves by using the rest M array elements to form a first observation data set, wherein M is an integer which is larger than zero and is less than or equal to N;
the virtual array module is used for simulating the array element to be tested by using a virtual array consisting of a plurality of variable-weight virtual points to be tested and simulating the ultrasonic waves emitted by the array element to be tested;
the second observation data set forming module is used for simulating the M array elements by using M receiving point arrays and receiving the ultrasonic waves transmitted by simulation to form a second observation data set;
the directivity weight calculation module is used for obtaining a target function of variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the first observation data set and the second observation data set, and obtaining directivity weights corresponding to the variable weights of the multiple virtual points to be measured based on the target function;
and the directivity evaluation result calculation module is used for obtaining the directivity evaluation result of the virtual array based on the directivity weight, namely the directivity evaluation result of the array element to be tested.
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