CN115473871B - Domain name local resolution method and device, equipment, medium and product thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a domain name local resolution method, a device, equipment, a medium and a product thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a detection recommendation list from a server, wherein the detection recommendation list comprises a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with the domain names, and each network address points to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system; sending a network detection request to each network address to acquire a first performance parameter, and determining first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameter; acquiring second quality index data determined according to a second performance parameter generated by the network access request from the server; counting the comprehensive score of each network address according to the quality index data, and determining the optimal network address of each domain name according to the comprehensive score; each domain name is mapped with its best network address to write to the system host file. The application enables the browser program to determine the best network address corresponding to the domain name in the network access request.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of domain name resolution technologies, and in particular, to a domain name local resolution method, and apparatus, device, medium, and product thereof.
Background
In the content security auditing system of the globalized operation site, system auditing users are distributed worldwide, content producers are distributed worldwide, and often auditing operators and producers are in different countries or regions, and the ultra-long-distance geographic limitation, the stability of the system and the response speed of requests are seriously affected, because the globalized operation site is generally deployed in a distributed storage system.
With the development of the service, the distributed storage system where the site is located continuously has new machine room construction and machine room migration, in the complex and changeable scene, the CDN and DNS cache needs to be updated in time, and the network traffic scheduling is performed rapidly and stably, otherwise, if the problems of slow cross-network access, incapability of responding to requests and the like occur, the working efficiency of system auditing users is reduced, and potential loss is brought to site operation.
It can be seen that, for a site deployed in a distributed storage system to correspond to a network access request, how to ensure that the relevant network access request can obtain a robust and rapid response is one of the key issues.
In an actual scene, a system auditing user accesses a website background page through a browser independently operated in a terminal device, a network access request is triggered in the background page to load corresponding information to be audited for auditing, and the browser generally only depends on an inherent domain name resolution mechanism to determine a target network address of the related network access request, has slower response and does not relate to selection of specific storage nodes in a distributed storage system, so that the system cannot adapt to various dynamic change conditions, including changes of the distributed storage system caused by machine room transition and disaster recovery switching.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve the above problems and provide a domain name local resolution method, a corresponding device, equipment, a non-volatile readable storage medium and a computer program product thereof.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a domain name local resolution method, including the steps of:
obtaining a detection recommendation list from a server, wherein the detection recommendation list comprises a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with each domain name, and each network address mapped with each domain name points to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system;
sending a network detection request to each network address to acquire a corresponding first performance parameter, and determining first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameter;
acquiring second quality index data from the server, wherein the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address;
determining a comprehensive score of each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determining the optimal network address of each domain name according to the comprehensive score;
And mapping each domain name in the detection recommendation list with the optimal network address of the domain name to write the domain name into a system host file.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a domain name local resolution apparatus, including:
the system comprises a list acquisition module, a storage module and a storage module, wherein the list acquisition module is used for acquiring a detection recommendation list from a server, the detection recommendation list comprises a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with each domain name, and each network address mapped with each domain name points to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system;
the detection implementation module is used for sending a network detection request to each network address to acquire corresponding first performance parameters, and determining first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameters;
the monitoring implementation module is configured to acquire second quality index data from the server, wherein the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address;
the statistical scoring module is used for determining the comprehensive score of each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determining the optimal network address of each domain name according to the comprehensive score;
And the configuration optimization module is used for mapping each domain name in the detection recommendation list with the optimal network address of the domain name to write the domain name into a system host file.
According to another aspect of the present application there is provided a domain name local resolution device comprising a central processor and a memory, the central processor being arranged to invoke the steps of running a computer program stored in the memory to perform the domain name local resolution method described herein.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a non-volatile readable storage medium storing in the form of computer readable instructions a computer program implemented according to the domain name local resolution method, the computer program executing the steps comprised by the method when being invoked by a computer.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer programs/instructions which when executed by a processor implement the steps of the method as described in any of the embodiments of the present application.
The present application achieves a number of technical advantages over the prior art including, but not limited to:
firstly, decoupling is carried out on the browser program for triggering the network access request without depending on a webpage code, network addresses mapped by domain names in a detection recommendation list provided by a server are not needed, on one hand, first quality index data are obtained through locally sending the network detection request, on the other hand, second quality index data are determined through monitoring performance parameters generated by the network access request of each network address through the server, comprehensive scores of each network address are determined according to all the quality index data, then the optimal network address corresponding to each domain name is determined according to the comprehensive scores, then the domain name and the optimal network address are mapped and written into a system host file for the browser program to implement domain name resolution for the network access request, the domain name resolution speed is improved, meanwhile, the browser program is ensured not to call an external domain name resolution server, potential problems such as domain name hijacking and incapability of checking through HTTPS protocol certificates can be effectively prevented, and safety is achieved.
And the comprehensive scores of all network addresses mapped by all domain names in the detection recommendation list are determined, the comprehensive scores are determined together according to the performance parameters obtained by locally implementing the network detection request and the performance parameters obtained by monitoring a large number of network access requests according to the server, the two performance parameters can reflect the latest network quality, the two performance parameters more accurately, comprehensively and objectively reflect the overall condition of the end-to-end network quality, and the comprehensive scores of all network addresses mapped by all domain names are timely adjusted according to the latest network quality, so that the optimal network address is timely determined, the switching mechanism of storage nodes in the distributed storage system is realized, the disaster recovery function is realized, and the method has timeliness and accuracy compared with the disaster recovery through the server.
In addition, for the content security audit of the site operated in globalization, the method and the system can provide a more efficient network access mechanism for system audit users, and ensure that the system audit users can obtain a robust and efficient access effect when using browser programs to load related network resources through optimizing the optimal network addresses of all domain names, and quickly obtain related information content from the storage nodes which are most beneficial to access in a distributed storage system deploying the site so as to implement related audit, thereby ensuring normal operation of site services.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a network architecture schematic diagram of an exemplary application scenario of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a domain name local resolution method of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of acquiring a probe recommendation list from a server according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a network probe performed to determine first quality indicator data of each network address in a probe recommendation list according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a server monitoring a second performance parameter and generating second quality index data according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating loading of a corresponding network after triggering a network access request by a browser program according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a domain name local resolution device of the present application;
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a domain name local resolution device used in the present application.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a network architecture diagram of an application scenario of a domain name local resolution method of the present application, and shows a client and a server, where the client is a domain name local resolution device of the present application, and the server may be a cloud computer device adapted to maintain one or more distributed storage systems (CDN, content Distribution System) for communication, or may also be a front-end service device belonging to the distributed storage systems, or may also be a server in an independent service cluster.
The client can be a personal computer, a mobile phone, a tablet computer and other terminal equipment, and is used for running a computer program product realized by the domain name local analysis method and a browser program which is relatively independent from the computer program product, and is configured as a system host file which can be called by the browser program.
The distributed storage system, not shown in fig. 1, may be used to deploy a site, and includes a plurality of storage nodes distributed in different places, where each storage node may be used to store network resources of the same site, and the same network resources may be stored in one or more of the storage nodes. The network resource may be any computer readable data of a web page code file, such as a JavaScript file, video, pictures, audio, text, etc.
The storage nodes contained in the distributed storage system can be distributed and deployed in different geographic areas in the global scope. The domain name of the site deployed in the distributed storage system can be resolved into network addresses of a plurality of storage nodes distributed in a plurality of geographic areas through a domain name resolution mechanism according to a pre-registered domain name mapping record, and typically, such storage nodes are storage nodes which can be reached and/or accessed most stably by a corresponding network access request, and are also storage nodes closest to the geographic location where the network access request is located on an administrative division. The same distributed storage system can be used for deploying a plurality of sites, and different sites can be deployed in different storage distributed systems. Different domain names may point to storage nodes where the same site is located.
The server is configured to collect a second performance parameter corresponding to a network access request sent to a storage node in the distributed storage system, and to count index values included in the second performance parameter to determine second quality index data.
The server is further configured to determine a geographical area to which the server belongs according to an exit network address corresponding to the list acquisition request sent by the client, acquire one or more network addresses of storage nodes of network resources of a site corresponding to the domain name in the geographical area according to a preset domain name, and establish mapping relation data according to the domain name and the one or more network addresses to form a detection recommendation list and push the detection recommendation list to the client.
The computer program product operates as a current program of the client, and can implement network probing for each network address in the probing push list, determine first quality index data according to a first performance parameter obtained by a network probing result, then synthesize the first quality index data and second quality index data to determine a comprehensive score corresponding to each network address, and determine an optimal network address corresponding to each domain name according to the comprehensive score.
When the browser program runs, the browser program is set to call the system host file aiming at the network access request triggered in the browser program, the optimal network address mapped by the domain name carried by the network access request is queried from the system host file, and then the network access request is sent to the optimal network address so as to obtain corresponding network resources.
The system host file generally refers to a system file dedicated to domain name resolution in an operating system, for example, windows, linux, IOS, android, which has a corresponding system file named with Hosts and without a suffix in the operating system.
Referring to fig. 2, according to a domain name local resolution method provided in the present application, in one embodiment, the method includes the following steps:
Step S1100, acquiring a detection recommendation list from a server, wherein the detection recommendation list comprises a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with each domain name, and each network address mapped with each domain name points to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system;
after the computer program product implementing the domain name local resolution method of the present application is installed and run on the client, it starts to work, and then requests a probe recommendation list from the server.
The detection recommendation list is constructed by a server in charge and comprises a plurality of domain names, and in an exemplary application scenario, in consideration of the use of system auditing users of a content security auditing system provided by the client to one or more target sites, the system auditing users are in charge of implementing information security auditing on network resources of the target sites, so that mapping relation data between the domain names and network addresses of the target sites is mainly stored in the detection recommendation list.
The network resources of the target site in the probing recommendation list are generally distributed and stored in a plurality of storage nodes of the distributed storage system, so that the network address mapped with the domain name of the target site generally correspondingly comprises a plurality of network addresses, each network address is an IP address of a corresponding storage node, and as can be seen, the plurality of network addresses mapped with the domain name of the same target site respectively point to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system. It should be noted that in one embodiment, the same network resource in the same target site may be stored in the multiple storage nodes at the same time for backup, any network address corresponding to the domain name of the target site reaches the corresponding storage node, and all the network resources may be accessed, and the network addresses corresponding to different storage nodes of the same target site are switched to obtain the network resources, so that the multiple storage nodes actually implement a disaster recovery mechanism for the network resources of the target site.
Step 1200, sending a network probe request to each network address to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, and determining first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameter;
after the acquisition of the probe recommendation list, network probes are started to be carried out on each network address in the probe recommendation list, and a network probe pool can be preset for storing and processing network probe results. The network probe pool may be a cache area in the memory of the client or a cache file in the local storage device thereof.
When network probing needs to be performed to each network address in the probing recommendation list, the network address is considered as a target network address, and then a corresponding network probing request is sent to the target network address. For each network probe request, the start time and end time, whether the request arrives, the generated delay time, etc. can be recorded, and according to the information, a plurality of index values such as the request success rate (packet loss rate), average delay time, jitter, etc. can be calculated, and a plurality of index values obtained for each network address probe form a first performance parameter corresponding to the network address. In one embodiment, the network probe request may be implemented by invoking a system interface of the system pre-package, and the first performance parameter returned by the system interface may be directly obtained.
The first performance parameter obtained by each network address in the probing recommendation list may be stored in the network probing pool, and network probing may be performed on each network address in the probing recommendation list periodically or aperiodically to update the first performance parameter in the network probing pool, so as to dynamically follow up the variation of network quality.
In one embodiment, for the first performance parameter of each network address in the network probe pool, since the first performance parameter of each network address is formed by a plurality of index values, and the plurality of first performance parameters may be obtained by sending a plurality of network probe requests in the same network probe, the first performance parameters of each network address may be classified, summarized and averaged according to the index value correspondence to form first quality index data, so that the first quality index data includes average index values corresponding to a plurality of indexes for measuring the end-to-end network quality of one network address obtained after the current network probe.
In one embodiment, each average indicator value in the first quality indicator data may be pre-normalized to convert each average indicator value therein to a value for the same confidence interval.
In one embodiment, in the process of implementing network probing, when a network address is found to be unreachable for a long time through network probing, the network address can be deleted from the probing recommendation list, and the deleted network address is not implemented for probing later, so that the system overhead can be saved, and the total time consumption of network probing is avoided. For this purpose, a time period may be set, when the first detection finds a network address that cannot be reached, the timing is started, and then each time the detection is performed for the same network address to obtain that the network address cannot be reached, it is detected whether the timing reaches or exceeds the time period, when the time period is exceeded, it is determined that the network address cannot be reached, and the network address is deleted from the detection recommendation list. If the deleted network address is the last network address of the domain name to which it maps, the domain name may be deleted from the probe recommendation list altogether.
Step S1300, obtaining second quality index data from the server, wherein the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address;
The server may be responsible for receiving various data collected after the embedded point codes in the web pages of the target sites are operated, in addition to maintaining the distribution mapping relation of each target site in each storage node of the distributed storage system, where the second performance parameter is generated after the web page of one target site triggers a network access request for acquiring the network resource of the target site.
In one embodiment, by presetting a buried code in a web page of a target site, when the web page is loaded by any browser program and man-machine interaction is performed on the web page, a network access request for acquiring a network resource of the target site is triggered, and the network access request is sent to a network address serving as a destination, that is, to a storage node for deploying the network resource of the target site. When the network access request is triggered, the operation of the corresponding embedded point code is triggered. The embedded point code collects various index values corresponding to the network quality after the network access request is implemented, wherein the network quality is the end-to-end network quality, namely the network quality of a data communication link from a client loading the network to a corresponding network address through a public network, and the index values form a second performance parameter generated by sending the network access request to the network address.
According to the above principle, for each storage node deployed at the target site pointed by each domain name in the probing recommendation list sent to the client, the storage node is represented as a network address, and for each network address, the server can obtain second performance parameters corresponding to massive network access requests through monitoring, and can obtain second quality index data corresponding to each network address through periodically counting the second performance parameters.
In one embodiment, the client may replace the server to receive and process the second performance parameter, and generate second quality index data according to the second performance parameter, so as to omit a link involved by the server. According to the further alternative embodiment, the client side of the application can provide the corresponding second performance parameter of the network access request through the browser program running therein and determine the corresponding second quality index data locally, so that the second performance parameter does not need to be generated by using external terminal equipment, and the equivalent effect can be achieved.
For the second performance parameters of each network address obtained by the server, since the second performance parameter of each network address is composed of a plurality of index values, and the same network address may obtain a plurality of second performance parameters, the second performance parameters of each network address can be classified, summarized and averaged according to the index value correspondence to form second quality index data, so that the second quality index data comprises average index values corresponding to a plurality of indexes, and the storage device for overall measuring one network address provides network quality corresponding to a large number of users with service.
In one embodiment, each average indicator value in the second quality indicator data may be pre-normalized to convert each average indicator value therein to a value for the same confidence interval. The confidence intervals adopted by the respective normalization of the first quality index data and the second quality index data can be the same numerical interval, such as [0,1], so that index values in all the quality index data are unified to the same dimension, and subsequent fusion is facilitated.
In one embodiment, a browser program may be run in a client of the present application, then, a man-machine interaction is implemented to load a web page of a target site or trigger a control in the loaded web page, a network access request pointing to a network address corresponding to the target site in a probing recommendation list is correspondingly triggered, and then, a corresponding embedded point code is triggered to calculate index values such as a success rate (packet loss rate) and average time consumption of the network access request, thereby obtaining a second performance parameter, then, the embedded point code sends the second performance parameter to a server, the server receives the second performance parameter and then caches the second performance parameter, and then, according to the second performance parameters from a plurality of clients and aiming at the same network address, second quality data corresponding to the network address is determined.
It should be noted that, for each indicator included in the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter of the present application, it may be determined by those skilled in the art as needed without affecting the inventive spirit of the present application, and one or more may be included, as long as the corresponding indicator may reflect an aspect of the network quality.
Step S1400, determining a comprehensive score of each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determining the optimal network address of each domain name according to the comprehensive score;
it will be appreciated that the first quality index data and the second quality index data corresponding to the same network address each comprise a plurality of average index values and are each obtainable by the client, so that they can be statistically processed by the client to quantify them as a composite score for characterizing the network quality of the storage device to which the network address is directed.
In determining the comprehensive score for a network address, in one embodiment, the average index values in the first quality index data and the second quality index data of the network address may be summed; in another embodiment, the weights may also be matched as needed for each average indicator value during the summation process. Whatever means is adopted, the corresponding first quality index data and the corresponding average index values in the second quality index data are fused into the same comprehensive score only by corresponding to the same network address.
By determining the corresponding comprehensive score for each network address, each network address corresponding to each domain name in the probing recommendation list has a corresponding evaluation basis, that is, each network address mapped to each domain name in the probing recommendation list has a corresponding comprehensive score, and the network quality of each network address can be compared through the comprehensive score. Typically, for a domain name, the network address with the highest overall score of all network addresses mapped thereto characterizes the best network quality of the data communication link from the current client to the storage device to which the network address points, and the network address with the highest overall score may be preferentially determined as the best network address for the domain name.
In one embodiment, before determining the optimal network address for each domain name, the optimal network address of the domain name can be determined jointly by combining the comprehensive scores of the network addresses mapped by the domain name at the last time, and when the highest comprehensive scores of the two times point to the same network address, the optimal network address of the domain name does not need to be changed; if the network address corresponding to the current highest comprehensive score is different from the optimal network address determined in the previous time, the optimal network address of the domain name can be reset to be the network address with the highest comprehensive score. In other embodiments, the best network address may be not easily changed when the two times of the change of the highest overall score are within a certain tolerance range, so as to avoid frequent switching of the data communication link.
And S1500, mapping each domain name in the detection recommendation list and the optimal network address of the domain name to write the domain name into a system host file.
When each domain name in the detection recommendation list determines the corresponding optimal network address, a mapping relation is established between the domain name and the optimal network address to form mapping relation data, and the mapping relation data corresponding to each domain name can be written into a system host file (Hosts) of an operating system of the client so that a browser program of a current program can determine the optimal network address of the browser program for the domain name in a network access request according to the system host file.
As previously described, the system host file may be provided to the browser program to perform localized domain name resolution, in which unique mapping relationship data between domain names to network addresses is stored. For the domain name in each network access request triggered in the browser program, the system host file is firstly called to execute inquiry, the network address mapped with the domain name, namely the optimal network address determined by the application is determined, then the network access request is sent to a storage node in the distributed storage system pointed by the optimal network address, and corresponding network resources are obtained from the storage node.
It can be seen that the computer program product of the present application runs independently of the browser program and is decoupled from each other, but realizes data communication through the system host file, the computer program product of the present application provides mapping relationship data between the domain name and the optimal network address for the system host file, and the browser program running independently invokes the mapping relationship data in the system host file to implement domain name resolution, so as to realize a domain name proxy resolution mechanism.
In one embodiment, when the browser cannot resolve the network address of a domain name from the system host file, the browser will self-pass through a domain name resolution server preset by the operating system to perform resolution on the domain name to determine a target network address thereof, and then send a corresponding network access request to the target network address determined by the domain name resolution server to determine effective execution of the network access request.
From the above embodiments, it can be appreciated that the technical solution of the present application has various technical advantages, including but not limited to:
firstly, the method and the device are realized by a current program decoupled from a browser program for triggering a network access request without depending on a webpage code, and aiming at network addresses mapped by domain names in a detection recommendation list provided by a server, on one hand, first quality index data are obtained by locally sending the network detection request, on the other hand, second quality index data are determined by monitoring performance parameters generated by the network access request of each network address through the server, comprehensive scores of each network address are determined according to all the quality index data, then the optimal network address corresponding to each domain name is determined according to the comprehensive scores, and then the domain name and the optimal network address are mapped into a system host file for the browser program to implement domain name resolution for the network access request.
And the comprehensive scores of all network addresses mapped by all domain names in the detection recommendation list are determined, the comprehensive scores are determined together according to the performance parameters obtained by locally implementing the network detection request and the performance parameters obtained by monitoring a large number of network access requests according to the server, the two performance parameters can reflect the latest network quality, the two performance parameters more accurately, comprehensively and objectively reflect the overall condition of the end-to-end network quality, and the comprehensive scores of all network addresses mapped by all domain names are timely adjusted according to the latest network quality, so that the optimal network address is timely determined, the switching mechanism of storage nodes in the distributed storage system is realized, the disaster recovery function is realized, and the method has timeliness and accuracy compared with the disaster recovery through the server.
In addition, for the content security audit of the site operated in globalization, the method and the system can provide a more efficient network access mechanism for system audit users, and ensure that the system audit users can obtain a robust and efficient access effect when using browser programs to load related network resources through optimizing the optimal network addresses of all domain names, and quickly obtain related information content from the storage nodes which are most beneficial to access in a distributed storage system deploying the site so as to implement related audit, thereby ensuring normal operation of site services.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 3, obtaining a probe recommendation list from a server includes:
step S1110, a list acquisition request is sent to the server, so that the server determines the geographic area to which the server belongs according to the source network address carried by the list acquisition request;
in order to acquire the probing recommendation list, the computer program product running the application automatically encapsulates a list acquisition request after the client runs and sends the list acquisition request to the server. After receiving the list acquisition request, the server analyzes the source network address in the message, namely the outlet network address of the client.
The server queries a pre-registration database according to the source network address, the database comprises mapping relation data between pre-registered IP addresses (network addresses) and geographic areas to which the pre-registration IP addresses belong, and the geographic areas to which the source network addresses belong can be determined by querying the database. The geographic areas may be pre-partitioned at any granularity, such as regional, national, provincial (state), etc.
Step S1120, determining, by the server, a probing recommendation list according to the geographical area, where the geographical area to which the network address of the storage node included in the probing recommendation list belongs is the same as the geographical area to which the source network address belongs;
The geographical area to which the source network address belongs is determined with the aim of matching the list retrieval request with storage nodes theoretically suitable for efficient access to the geographical area according to the information grasped by the server. Therefore, the server further queries the network addresses of the storage nodes where the network resources of the target sites corresponding to the preset domain names are located according to the registration data in the distributed storage system, constructs mapping relation data according to the corresponding relation between the domain names and the deployed network addresses, and constructs a detection recommendation list. Wherein each domain name is in the same geographical area range and possibly corresponds to a plurality of storage nodes, and thus, the mapping relationship data in the probing recommendation list can be in a one-to-many form.
In general, since the computer communication networks that are geographically adjacent generally have fewer gateways and shorter links, and the communication efficiency is higher, for the geographic area to which the source network address belongs, it may be preferable that the network address of the corresponding storage node in the geographic area is used to form the mapping data with the domain name.
Step S1130, receiving the probe recommendation list pushed by the server and storing the probe recommendation list in a local storage space.
After the server responds to the list acquisition request to generate a corresponding detection recommendation list, the detection recommendation list can be pushed to the client of the application to complete the response to the list acquisition request. After receiving the probing recommendation list, the client side of the application stores the probing recommendation list in a local storage space so as to implement network probing according to the probing recommendation list to determine the optimal network address corresponding to each domain name.
According to the embodiment, the server actually realizes the preliminary screening of the network addresses mapped by the domain names of all target sites according to the exit network address of the client, so that the client carefully selects the determined optimal network address according to the comprehensive score on the basis, accords with the principle of regional jurisdiction, maximally utilizes the principle advantages of the distributed storage system, ensures the accurate scheduling of the storage nodes in the distributed storage system, and avoids the problem of flow deviation caused by inaccurate flow scheduling.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 4, a network probe request is sent to each network address to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, and first quality index data of each network address is determined according to the first performance parameter, including:
Step S1210, responding to a periodic detection instruction triggered by a planning task, and traversing each network address in the detection recommendation list;
after acquiring the detection recommendation list, the client may start a preset planning task, where the planning task is used to periodically trigger a periodic detection instruction for the detection recommendation list, and a detection period of the client may be flexibly set by a person skilled in the art, for example, set to be half an hour, day, and so on.
When the timing of the planning task arrives, the periodic probing instructions are triggered, so that the network probing requests can be started to traverse each network address in the probing recommendation list, and the network probing requests are initiated for each network address.
Step S1220, in the traversal process, at least one network probe request corresponding to the protocol is sent one by one for each network address, so as to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, where the protocol includes an HTTP protocol and/or an ICMP protocol, and the first performance parameter includes a plurality of index values;
in the traversal process of implementing network probing on each network address of the probing recommendation list, a plurality of network probing requests may be initiated for each network address, where the plurality of network probing requests may be the same type of request encapsulated according to the same protocol, or may be multiple types of requests encapsulated according to different protocols. In the same traversal process, one or more network detection requests can be initiated for the same network address according to actual needs, corresponding first performance parameters are obtained, and the first performance parameters are stored in a preset network detection pool.
In one embodiment, the network probe request may be a first type probe request encapsulated according to a hypertext transfer protocol (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, HTTP), and may be implemented by calling a preset interface, so as to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, where the first performance parameter includes a success rate, a delay, and a jitter relative index value.
In another embodiment, the network probe request may be a second type probe request encapsulated according to an internet control message protocol (Internet Control Message Protocol, ICMP), and the same may be implemented by calling a preset interface, so as to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, where the first performance parameter includes an index value corresponding to a packet loss rate, a delay, and jitter.
In one embodiment, for each network address in the probing recommendation list, probing threads can be created for each network address, each probing thread performs network probing corresponding to a domain name+network address, and each probing thread can be responsible for concurrently performing periodic probing, thereby providing network probing efficiency.
Step S1230, counting the first performance parameters corresponding to each network address, determining the average index value corresponding to each index value, and forming the first quality index data.
After traversing, the network probe pool includes one or more first performance parameters corresponding to each network address in the probe recommendation list, each first performance parameter includes a plurality of index values, for facilitating subsequent calculation, the plurality of first performance parameters of the same network address may be counted according to index dimension classification, specifically, an average value of the plurality of index values may be obtained for the same index, an average index value is obtained, and the average index value corresponding to each index forms first quality index data of the network address.
According to the embodiment, the client is responsible for implementing network detection, and the network detection request encapsulated by various protocols can reflect the end-to-end network quality more comprehensively when implementing network detection, and the optimal network address determined on the basis is more suitable for the client.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 5, second quality index data is acquired from the server, where the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address, and includes:
Step S1310, the server monitors a second performance parameter, the second performance parameter is generated by triggering a network access request pointing to a network address mapped by the domain name by a browser program running on any terminal equipment, and the second performance parameter comprises a plurality of index values;
any terminal equipment accesses a site pointed by a domain name in a detection recommendation list, and similarly, through a corresponding network access request, the storage node pointed by each network address mapped by the domain name in the detection recommendation list can be accessed. The method and the device realize monitoring of the second performance parameters generated by the network access requests through presetting embedded point codes in pages of the sites. After a terminal device triggers one of the network access requests, the corresponding embedded point code obtains the second performance parameters correspondingly generated by the embedded point code and uploads the second performance parameters to the server.
The server monitors all the second performance parameters, and after the browser program running on any terminal device triggers the network access request and submits the corresponding second performance parameters subsequently, the server caches the network access request so as to periodically perform statistics on the second performance parameters to determine second quality index data.
As previously described, the second performance parameter includes a plurality of index values, which may include, for example, in one embodiment, a success rate and average time consumption of the corresponding network access request.
Step S1320, the server counts a plurality of second performance parameters corresponding to each network address, and determines an average index value corresponding to each index value to form second quality index data;
the server is responsible for periodically performing statistics on the second performance parameters of each network address, and in an exemplary statistical manner, the second performance parameters of the same network address all include index values corresponding to the same index, so that the average value of all the index values can be obtained according to the index classification, corresponding average index values are obtained, and then the average index values are configured into second quality index data.
It will be appreciated that, in practice, the server may collect the second performance parameters and determine the second quality index data for all storage nodes of all target sites, so as to serve a plurality of clients required by the application, thereby providing standardized services, and enabling different system auditing users distributed around the world to obtain matched second quality index data by applying the technical scheme disclosed in the application.
Step S1330, downloading the second quality index data from the server.
The client side can actively inquire or passively receive and download the second quality index data from the server, wherein the second quality index data corresponds to each network address in the detection recommendation list and comprises corresponding data, and the second quality index data can be provided by the server correspondingly in advance and is used for realizing statistical updating of comprehensive scores.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the client in the present application corrects the second quality index data according to the best network address for the domain name in the probing recommendation list, and the server determines the second performance parameter corresponding to the massive network access request, because the network address preset for the domain name in the probing recommendation list may not be the terminal IP address in the distributed storage system, for example, may be the IP address of the CDN node or the IP address of the transit room, and simply depends on the client to implement network probing, only the network quality of the first half of the network probe request can be monitored, and the second quality index data determined by the second performance parameter of the network access request generated by the web page end is the index data of the full link, which can effectively make up the deficiency of the network quality probe request, and the second quality index data is generated according to the multiple second performance parameters generated by massive terminal access, and has the capability of comprehensively measuring the overall network quality, and can instruct the client to more accurately determine the best network address corresponding to each domain name.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, determining a composite score of each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determining the best network address of each domain name according to the composite score includes:
step 1410, counting by taking the index as a dimension, and carrying out weighted fusion on each index value in the first quality index data and the second quality index data corresponding to each network address to obtain a comprehensive score corresponding to each network address;
when the client determines the comprehensive score of each network address in the detection recommendation list, the client acquires the first quality index data corresponding to the network address from the network detection pool and downloads the corresponding second quality index data from the server. As described above, the first quality index data and the second quality index data each include index values corresponding to a plurality of indexes, specifically, average index values determined according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter, respectively, so that each index may be counted by taking the index as a dimension, and each index value in the first quality index data and the second quality index data may be weighted and fused to obtain the comprehensive score of the network address.
In one embodiment, the composite score for each network address may be determined according to the following algorithm:
setting the index value of each index as V i The preset weight constant is K i Using formula S i =V i ×K i Calculating a single score S of each index i Then, the composite scores corresponding to all the indexes are calculated:
it will be appreciated that, in accordance with the above formula, a corresponding composite score may be determined for each network address in the probe recommendation list.
Step S1420, for each domain name, determining whether the difference between the highest comprehensive score of each network address in the current statistics and the highest comprehensive score of each network address obtained in the previous statistics exceeds a preset tolerance threshold, and when the tolerance threshold is exceeded, determining the network address corresponding to the highest comprehensive score in the current statistics as the optimal network address of the domain name.
The timely change of the network sometimes cannot reflect the overall stability of a certain data communication link, so in this embodiment, whether to change the best network address of a certain domain name can be determined by comparing the preset tolerance threshold with the difference value of the comprehensive scores of the network addresses determined two times before and after.
In one embodiment, for all network addresses of each domain name in the probe recommendation list, a composite score C for each network address is used s Sorting, selecting the network address with highest comprehensive scoreThe value of the composite score is denoted as C s(max) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the To prevent the preferential result from being frequently switched by network jitter, a tolerance threshold M is preset, and the last determined optimal network address is +.>Comprehensive score C obtained in the preferred calculation s(0) Comparing, determining the difference between the two, if the difference is within the range of the tolerance threshold, the last optimal network address can be kept unchanged, otherwise, the optimal network address of the corresponding domain name is reset to +.>The formula is exemplified as follows:
if C s(max) -C s(0) If M is less than or equal to M, the optimal network address is set as
If C s(max) -C s(0) >M, the optimal network address is set as
According to the above embodiment, it can be understood that the comprehensive score of each network address in the network probe list is obtained through weighted fusion, and then the comparison is performed between the preset tolerance threshold and the comprehensive score difference value when the network is preferred for two times, so as to make a decision on whether the network is the best network address for domain name change in the probe recommendation list under the condition of network jitter, thereby effectively avoiding frequent switching of the data communication link and enabling the data communication link of the client for obtaining network resources to be more stable.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, mapping each domain name in the probing recommendation list with its optimal network address to write into a system host file includes:
step S1510, constructing each domain name and its optimal network address in the probing recommendation list as mapping relationship data;
when each domain name in the detection recommendation list determines the corresponding optimal network address, the two domain names can be constructed into mapping relation data, and it is easy to understand that each domain name can obtain the corresponding mapping relation data.
Step S1520, storing the mapping relationship data in the system host file, where the step includes replacing a data record containing the same domain name in the system host file.
In order for the browser program to achieve efficient resolution through the system host file, to obtain the best network address for the domain name in the probe recommendation list, the mapping relationship data needs to be written into the system host file.
When mapping relation data corresponding to the domain name in the detection recommendation list is written into the system host file, whether the mapping relation data corresponding to the same domain name exists or not can be determined, and if the mapping relation data corresponding to the same domain name exists, the mapping relation data is replaced and stored; if not, newly creating a storage. Therefore, the mapping relation data corresponding to each domain name is determined to be unique data in the system host file, so that analysis errors are avoided.
According to the embodiment, the system host file is used as a data transmission medium, so that decoupling between the computer program product and the browser program as the current program is realized, a proxy analysis mechanism is provided for a network access request of the browser program, self-analysis codes are not required to be realized in a webpage of a target site, the realization and deployment are convenient, the client deployment of system auditing users in a content security auditing system of the site which is particularly suitable for globalization operation can be facilitated, and the system auditing users can be assisted to intensively and efficiently manage and control global data of the corresponding site.
Referring to fig. 6, after mapping each domain name in the probing recommendation list and its optimal network address to write into a system host file, the method includes:
step 1600, the browser program responds to the network access request triggered by the user to determine the target domain name carried by the network access request;
when a system auditing user carries out content management on a target site through a client of the application, a browser program in the client can be used for accessing a background page of the target site, and a corresponding website is accessed in the browser program, so that a corresponding network access request is triggered.
The browser program determines a target domain name to be accessed, namely, a domain name of the target site, according to the network access request so as to execute domain name resolution.
Step 1700, calling the system host file by the browser program to query the optimal network address corresponding to the target domain name;
and the browser program invokes the system host file by using a localized parsing mechanism, and queries the optimal network address mapped by the target domain name corresponding to the target site. Because the mapping relation between the domain name and the network address in the system host file is constrained by taking the domain name as a unique value, a plurality of optimal network addresses cannot be queried.
Step S1800, the browser program sends the network access request to the optimal network address, so as to load corresponding network resources from the storage node pointed by the optimal network address, where the network resources include information to be checked.
After determining the optimal network address of the target domain name corresponding to the target site, the browser program sends the network access request to the optimal network address, namely to a storage node in the distributed storage system pointed by the optimal network address, the storage node responds to the network access request to push the corresponding network resource, and the browser program loads the network resource into a page after obtaining the network resource.
For the system auditing user, the network resource can be any information to be audited, which is uploaded to a platform by any user of the target site, the information to be audited can be any content such as text, pictures, videos, audios, commodity configuration data and the like, the system auditor perfects an auditing program for the information to be audited, and after sending an auditing passing instruction, the information to be audited is converted into the audited information to be published, so that the access authority of the audited information is opened to at least part of users of the target site.
According to the above embodiment, it can be known that after the present application determines the optimal network address for each domain name and configures the optimal network address to the system host file, a domain name proxy resolution mechanism can be implemented, so that the browser program in the client can perform domain name resolution accordingly, determine the optimal network address of the target domain name, and implement the most efficient remote access. For a target domain name corresponding to a globalized operation target site, a system auditing user can realize centralized auditing of information to be audited of the globalized source of the target site with the aid of the client of the application under the assistance of high-efficiency and stable network quality, and auditing efficiency can be improved.
Referring to fig. 7, in one embodiment, a domain name local resolution device provided in accordance with an aspect of the present application includes a list obtaining module 1100, a probe implementation module 1200, a listening implementation module 1300, a statistics scoring module 1400, and a configuration optimization module 1500, where: the list obtaining module 1100 is configured to obtain a probe recommendation list from a server, where the probe recommendation list includes a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with each domain name, and each network address mapped with each domain name points to a different storage node in the same distributed storage system; the probe implementation module 1200 is configured to send a network probe request to each network address to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, and determine first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameter; the listening implementation module 1300 is configured to obtain second quality index data from the server, where the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address; the statistical scoring module 1400 is configured to determine a composite score for each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determine an optimal network address for each domain name according to the composite score; the configuration optimization module 1500 is configured to map each domain name in the probing recommendation list with its optimal network address to write into a system host file.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, the list obtaining module 1100 includes: the area determining unit is configured to send a list acquisition request to the server, so that the server determines the geographic area to which the server belongs according to the source network address carried by the list acquisition request; a list determining unit, configured to determine, by the server, a probing recommendation list according to the geographical area, where a geographical area to which a network address of a storage node included in the probing recommendation list belongs is the same as a geographical area to which the source network address belongs; and the pushing storage unit is used for receiving the detection recommendation list pushed by the server and storing the detection recommendation list in a local storage space.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, the detection implementation module 1200 includes: a plan starting unit, configured to respond to a periodic detection instruction triggered by a plan task and traverse each network address in the detection recommendation list; the traversal detection unit is configured to send network detection requests corresponding to at least one protocol one by one for each network address in the traversal process to obtain corresponding first performance parameters, wherein the protocols comprise HTTP protocols and/or ICMP protocols, and the first performance parameters comprise a plurality of index values; and the first statistics unit is used for counting the first performance parameters corresponding to each network address, determining the average index value corresponding to each index value and forming first quality index data.
Based on any embodiment of the present application, the listening implementation module 1300 includes: a monitoring receiving unit, configured to monitor, by the server, a second performance parameter, the second performance parameter being generated by a browser program running on any terminal device triggering a network access request directed to a network address mapped by the domain name, the second performance parameter including a plurality of index values; the second statistics unit is configured to perform statistics on a plurality of second performance parameters corresponding to each network address by the server, determine average index values corresponding to the index values, and form second quality index data; and a data downloading unit configured to download the second quality index data from the server.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, the statistical scoring unit includes: the weighting fusion unit is used for carrying out statistics by taking the index as a dimension, carrying out weighting fusion on each index value in the first quality index data and the second quality index data corresponding to each network address, and obtaining a comprehensive score corresponding to each network address; and a switching decision unit configured to determine, for each domain name, whether a difference between a highest comprehensive score of each network address in the current statistics and a highest comprehensive score of each network address obtained in the previous statistics exceeds a preset tolerance threshold, and when the tolerance threshold is exceeded, determine a network address corresponding to the highest comprehensive score in the current statistics as an optimal network address of the domain name.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, the configuration optimization module 1500 includes: the association mapping unit is used for constructing mapping relation data between each domain name in the detection recommendation list and the optimal network address of the domain name; and the storage replacement unit is used for storing the mapping relation data in the system host file, wherein the storage replacement unit comprises a data record containing the same domain name in the system host file.
On the basis of any embodiment of the present application, a domain name local resolution device of the present application includes: the domain name extraction module is set to respond to a network access request triggered by a user by a browser program and determine a target domain name carried by the network access request; the address inquiry module is set to call the system host file by the browser program to inquire out the optimal network address corresponding to the target domain name; and the resource loading module is configured to send the network access request to the optimal network address by the browser program so as to load corresponding network resources from the storage node pointed by the optimal network address, wherein the network resources contain information to be checked.
Another embodiment of the present application further provides a domain name local resolution device. As shown in fig. 8, the internal structure of the domain name local resolution device is schematically shown. The domain name local resolution device includes a processor, a computer readable storage medium, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. The non-volatile readable storage medium of the domain name local resolution device is stored with an operating system, a database and computer readable instructions, the database can store information sequences, and the computer readable instructions can enable the processor to realize a domain name local resolution method when the computer readable instructions are executed by the processor.
The processor of the domain name local resolution device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire domain name local resolution device. The memory of the domain name local resolution device may store computer readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, may cause the processor to perform the domain name local resolution method of the present application. The network interface of the domain name local resolution device is used for communicating with the terminal connection.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 8 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure associated with the present application and does not constitute a limitation of the domain name local resolution device to which the present application is applied, and that a particular domain name local resolution device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figures, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
The processor in this embodiment is configured to perform specific functions of each module in fig. 7, and the memory stores program codes and various types of data required for executing the above-mentioned modules or sub-modules. The network interface is used for realizing data transmission between the user terminals or the servers. The nonvolatile readable storage medium in this embodiment stores therein program codes and data necessary for executing all modules in the domain name local analysis device of the present application, and the server can call the program codes and data of the server to execute the functions of all modules.
The present application also provides a non-transitory readable storage medium storing computer readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the domain name local resolution method of any of the embodiments of the present application.
The present application also provides a computer program product comprising computer programs/instructions which when executed by one or more processors implement the steps of the method described in any of the embodiments of the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that implementing all or part of the above-described methods according to the embodiments of the present application may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored in a non-transitory readable storage medium, which when executed may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a computer readable storage medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), or a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).
In summary, the mapping relation data between the domain name and the optimal network address corresponding to the optimal storage node in the distributed storage system can be written in the system host file independently of the browser program, so that the browser program can determine the optimal network address corresponding to the domain name in the network access request through the system host file, and therefore network resources are ensured to be safely, efficiently and stably obtained from the distributed storage system where the site pointed by the domain name is located, and for the site with globalized operation, centralized security audit on the network resources can be ensured to be realized through the background page of the site, and healthy operation of the site is ensured.
Claims (10)
1. The domain name local resolution method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining a detection recommendation list from a server, wherein the detection recommendation list comprises a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with each domain name, and each network address mapped with each domain name points to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system;
sending a network detection request to each network address to acquire a corresponding first performance parameter, and determining first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameter;
acquiring second quality index data from the server, wherein the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address;
determining a comprehensive score of each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determining the optimal network address of each domain name according to the comprehensive score;
and mapping each domain name in the detection recommendation list with the optimal network address of the domain name to write the domain name into a system host file.
2. The domain name local resolution method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining a probing recommendation list from a server comprises:
Sending a list acquisition request to the server, so that the server determines the geographic area to which the server belongs according to the source network address carried by the list acquisition request;
determining, by the server, a probing recommendation list according to the geographic area, where a geographic area to which a network address of a storage node included in the probing recommendation list belongs is the same as a geographic area to which the source network address belongs;
and receiving the detection recommendation list pushed by the server and storing the detection recommendation list in a local storage space.
3. The domain name local resolution method according to claim 1, wherein sending a network probe request to each network address to obtain a corresponding first performance parameter, determining first quality index data for each network address according to the first performance parameter, comprises:
responding to a periodic detection instruction triggered by a planning task, and traversing each network address in the detection recommendation list;
in the traversal process, network detection requests corresponding to at least one protocol are sent one by one for each network address, and corresponding first performance parameters are obtained, wherein the protocols comprise HTTP protocols and/or ICMP protocols, and the first performance parameters comprise a plurality of index values;
And counting the first performance parameters corresponding to each network address, determining the average index value corresponding to each index value, and forming first quality index data.
4. The domain name local resolution method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining second quality index data from the server, the second quality index data being determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address, comprises:
monitoring, by the server, a second performance parameter generated by a browser program running on any terminal device triggering a network access request directed to the domain name mapped network address, the second performance parameter comprising a plurality of index values;
the server counts a plurality of second performance parameters corresponding to each network address, and determines average index values corresponding to the index values to form second quality index data;
downloading the second quality index data from the server.
5. The domain name local resolution method according to claim 1, wherein determining a composite score for each network address based on the first quality index data and the second quality index data for each network address, and determining an optimal network address for each domain name based on the composite score, comprises:
Taking the index as a dimension for statistics, and carrying out weighted fusion on each index value in the first quality index data and the second quality index data corresponding to each network address to obtain a comprehensive score corresponding to each network address;
for each domain name, determining whether a difference value between a highest comprehensive score of each network address in the current statistics and a highest comprehensive score of each network address obtained in the previous statistics exceeds a preset tolerance threshold, and determining the network address corresponding to the highest comprehensive score in the current statistics as the optimal network address of the domain name when the tolerance threshold is exceeded.
6. The domain name local resolution method according to claim 1, wherein mapping each domain name in the probing recommendation list with its best network address is written into a system host file, comprising:
constructing each domain name and the optimal network address in the detection recommendation list as mapping relation data;
and storing the mapping relation data in the system host file, wherein the mapping relation data comprises data records containing the same domain name in the system host file.
7. The domain name local resolution method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein after mapping each domain name in the probe recommendation list with its best network address to write into a system host file, comprising:
The browser program responds to a network access request triggered by a user, and determines a target domain name carried by the network access request;
invoking the system host file by the browser program to inquire out an optimal network address corresponding to the target domain name;
and sending the network access request to the optimal network address by the browser program so as to load corresponding network resources from a storage node pointed by the optimal network address, wherein the network resources contain information to be checked.
8. A domain name local resolution device, comprising:
the system comprises a list acquisition module, a storage module and a storage module, wherein the list acquisition module is used for acquiring a detection recommendation list from a server, the detection recommendation list comprises a plurality of domain names and network addresses mapped with each domain name, and each network address mapped with each domain name points to different storage nodes in the same distributed storage system;
the detection implementation module is used for sending a network detection request to each network address to acquire corresponding first performance parameters, and determining first quality index data of each network address according to the first performance parameters;
the monitoring implementation module is configured to acquire second quality index data from the server, wherein the second quality index data is determined according to a second performance parameter generated by a network access request sent to the network address;
The statistical scoring module is used for determining the comprehensive score of each network address according to the first quality index data and the second quality index data of each network address, and determining the optimal network address of each domain name according to the comprehensive score;
and the configuration optimization module is used for mapping each domain name in the detection recommendation list with the optimal network address of the domain name to write the domain name into a system host file.
9. A domain name local resolution device comprising a central processor and a memory, characterized in that the central processor is arranged to invoke execution of a computer program stored in the memory to perform the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A non-transitory readable storage medium, characterized in that it stores in form of computer readable instructions a computer program implemented according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, which when invoked by a computer, performs the steps comprised by the corresponding method.
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