CN115468163A - Low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel and working method thereof - Google Patents
Low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115468163A CN115468163A CN202211174055.5A CN202211174055A CN115468163A CN 115468163 A CN115468163 A CN 115468163A CN 202211174055 A CN202211174055 A CN 202211174055A CN 115468163 A CN115468163 A CN 115468163A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/48—Nozzles
- F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel and a working method thereof, relates to the technical field of combustors, solves different requirements of ignition and different loads on nozzle spacing, and reduces NO x The specific scheme of the method is as follows: the burner comprises a combustion mechanism, a burner body and a burner body, wherein the combustion mechanism consists of a central nozzle, an inner ring nozzle and an outer ring nozzle which can be pushed and pulled, and is used for changing the distance of the nozzles extending into a combustion chamber; the front end of the combustion chamber is connected with the combustion mechanism through a flange, the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with a rich combustion area, a quench area and a lean combustion area from the front end to the rear end, and a plurality of secondary air vent holes are arranged on the wall surface of the quench area along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the quench area; a secondary air box sleeved on the combustion chamber to form a secondary air channel, the front end of the secondary air box is twoThe secondary air is uniformly distributed in the secondary air channel after passing through the first rotational flow blades; the clamping sleeve is sleeved on the combustion chamber in a sliding manner and used for adjusting the secondary air inlet position; the first rotational flow blade is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the front end of the combustion chamber along the annular direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of burners, in particular to a low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel and a working method thereof.
Background
The ammonia is used as a carbon neutralization alternative fuel, and can greatly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide when widely applied to the combustion fields of power stations, industrial furnaces and the like. However, the overall use of ammonia in plants such as boilers, gas turbines, etc. still faces significant challenges: first, lower flame propagation speeds and higher ignition energies lead to ignition difficulties, poor combustion stability and narrow load regulation ranges; secondly, the ammonia fuel contains a large amount of N element, and the combustion process has larger NO x A potential value for discharge.
The problems of difficult ignition, poor combustion stability, narrow load regulation range and the like faced by the ammonia combustion are solved, and the combustion intensity of the ammonia fuel can be improved by means of the heat transfer effect among flames in the combustion process, namely the fuel is injected through a plurality of nozzles to form a multi-flame combustion mode.
The inventors have discovered that the existing multi-flame combustion mode, with a given burner configuration, has fixed and non-adjustable nozzle spacing, which is incompatible with the different heat transfer requirements of ammonia fuel at ignition and variable load operation.
High NO for ammonia combustion x The emission problem is obvious in technical effect of rich combustion, quenching and lean combustion, however, the quenching area position can be accurately positioned and adjusted, the mixing quality of secondary air and high-temperature fuel gas is improved, the method is one of key factors of the practical application effect of the rich combustion, quenching and lean combustion technology, and no relevant technology provides a solution for the problem at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel and a working method thereof, wherein the burner is used for burning ammonia fuelThe stable combustion of ammonia under different combustion load intensities can be easily realized by changing the distance between fuel injection outlets and adjusting the heat and mass transfer process between flames according to different propulsion depths in the combustion chamber and matching with the combination of different layers of nozzles, so that the stable combustion and low NO can be realized x And meanwhile, the contradiction between the requirement of different heat transfer of the ammonia fuel in ignition and variable-load operation and the fixed and unadjustable structure of the traditional combustor is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel, comprising:
the combustion mechanism consists of a central nozzle, an inner ring nozzle and an outer ring nozzle which can be pushed and pulled, and is used for changing the distance of the nozzle extending into the combustion chamber;
the front end of the combustion chamber is connected with the combustion mechanism through a flange, the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with a rich combustion area, a quench area and a lean combustion area from the front end to the rear end, and a plurality of secondary air vent holes are arranged on the wall surface of the quench area along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the quench area;
the secondary air box is sleeved on the combustion chamber to form a secondary air channel, the front end of the secondary air box is provided with a secondary air inlet, and secondary air passes through the first swirl vanes and then is uniformly distributed in the secondary air channel;
the clamping sleeve is sleeved on the combustion chamber in a sliding manner and used for adjusting the secondary air inlet position;
and the first rotational flow blades are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the front end of the combustion chamber in the circumferential direction.
As a further implementation, the center nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are all tapered with the central axis of the combustion chamber.
As a further implementation manner, the tail ends of the central nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are respectively provided with a second swirl vane, and the second swirl vanes corresponding to the central nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are sequentially and alternately arranged along the direction of the countercurrent and the concurrent flow.
As a further implementation mode, the secondary air channel is located between the secondary air box and the combustion chamber, and the first swirl vanes are located in the secondary air channel.
As a further realization mode, the central nozzle consists of a supporting pipe and a central fuel pipe which is arranged in the supporting pipe in a sliding mode, the supporting pipe is fixedly arranged at the central position of the flange, and one end, located inside the combustion chamber, of the central fuel pipe is provided with a second swirl vane and an ignition gun.
As a further implementation manner, the outer ring nozzle is composed of a first disc and a plurality of first fuel pipes arranged on the first disc at intervals in the circumferential direction; the inner ring nozzle is composed of a second disc and a plurality of second fuel pipes arranged on the second disc at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the first disc and the second disc are arranged on the supporting pipe in a sliding mode.
As a further implementation manner, the diameter of the first disk is larger than that of the second disk, the second disk is located between the first disk and the flange, the first handle is fixedly arranged on the first disk, and the second handle is fixedly arranged on the second disk.
As a further implementation manner, one end of each of the first fuel pipe and the second fuel pipe is fixed on the corresponding disc, the other end of each of the first fuel pipe and the second fuel pipe penetrates through the flange and extends into the combustion chamber, and the end of each of the first fuel pipe and the second fuel pipe extending into the combustion chamber is provided with a second swirl vane.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for operating a low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel, specifically as follows:
before starting, adjusting the length of the central nozzle extending into the combustion chamber;
reducing the distance between the outlets of the central nozzle and the inner ring nozzle, injecting methane-air mixture into the combustion chamber through the central fuel pipe and igniting the mixture, igniting the ammonia/air combustible mixture injected into the combustion chamber through the inner ring nozzle after the central flame is stably combusted, stopping fuel supply of the central fuel pipe after the inner layer fuel is stably combusted, and propelling the inner ring nozzle into the combustion chamber;
when the combustion load needs to be increased, the fuel supply of the outer ring nozzle is started, and the distance between the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle is changed, so that the inner layer flame ring ignites the outer layer fuel;
when the combustion load needs to be increased continuously, the fuel supply of the central fuel pipe is started again, the fuel is changed into ammonia/air premixed gas, the distance between the first disc and the second disc and the inlet of the combustion chamber is adjusted, and a main combustion zone torch consisting of the central flame, the inner flame ring and the outer flame ring is adjusted to be V-shaped or W-shaped according to the fuel flow and the hearth structure.
As a further implementation mode, when the combustion load is gradually increased from the ignition state and the outer ring nozzle and the central fuel pipe are opened, or the combustible component of primary air is changed, the position of the clamping sleeve is adjusted, and secondary air is sprayed into the tail end of a torch in a rich combustion area.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention utilizes different propelling depths of the combustion mechanism to the combustion chamber, changes the distance between the fuel injection outlets, adjusts the heat and mass transfer process among flames, is matched with the combination and matching of different layers of nozzles, easily realizes the stable combustion of ammonia under different combustion load intensities, and reduces NO in the combustion process by regulating and controlling the injection position of secondary air x And (4) discharging.
(2) The three layers of nozzles of the combustion mechanism can be adjusted in axial depth, the distance between the ignition gun and the central nozzle is strong in heat transfer effect and easy to ignite when the distance between the nozzles in different layers is small, and the distance between the nozzles in different layers in the combustion chamber is adjusted conveniently by changing the propelling depth of each layer of nozzles when the combustion load is increased, so that the distance between the nozzles is increased, the uniform combustion distribution in the combustion chamber is facilitated, the heat transfer of adjacent flames can be reduced, the high-temperature melting of the nozzles of the combustor is avoided, and the problems of different requirements on the heat transfer between the flames, the flame shape and the fullness degree of the combustion chamber during starting, low-load and high-load operation can be solved.
(3) The invention has flexible load adjustment, ensures the combustion stability, and effectively solves the problems that the ammonia fuel has low flame propagation speed and is easy to cause flameout when the combustion load is increased by improving the fuel flow speed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an overall configuration of a low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a low-NOx burner for ammonia fuel according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic structural view of a combustion mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;
wherein, 1, a combustion mechanism; 2. a combustion chamber; 3. a first swirl vane; 4. a secondary air channel; 5. a card sleeve; 6. secondary air vents; 7. a secondary air box; 8. a first handle; 9. a second handle; 10. supporting a tube; 11. a first disc; 12. a first fuel pipe; 13. a second disc; 14. a flange; 15. a second fuel pipe; 16. a rich burn zone; 17. a quench zone; 18. a lean burn zone.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As described in the background section, the combustion stability and NO of fuels at ignition and variable load operation are adjusted by heat transfer between the flames x During discharge, the nozzle spacing needs to be reasonably adjusted according to the combustion working condition, most nozzles of the traditional combustor are fixedly designed, and the spacing cannot be adjusted.
Example 1
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-3, a low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel is provided, which comprises a combustion mechanism 1, a combustion chamber 2, a first swirl vane 3, a sleeve 5, and a secondary air box 7, wherein the combustion mechanism 1 is connected with the front end of the combustion chamber 2 through a flange 14, the secondary air box 7 is sleeved on the combustion chamber 2 and fixedly connected with the combustion chamber 2, a space between the secondary air box 7 and the combustion chamber 2 is used as a secondary air channel 4, the first swirl vane 3 is arranged at one end of the secondary air channel 4 close to the combustion mechanism 1, the first swirl vane 3 is also sleeved on the combustion chamber 2 and fixed to ensure that the secondary air axially and uniformly flows in the air channel, and the sleeve 5 is sleeved on the combustion chamber 2 and can axially move.
The combustion chamber 2 is sequentially provided with a rich combustion zone 16, a quenching zone 17 and a lean combustion zone 18 from one end provided with the combustion mechanism 1 to the other end (namely from the front end to the rear end), secondary air is injected into the combustion chamber 2 in the quenching zone 17, and combusted smoke is discharged to a heat exchange device at the downstream through a smoke discharge outlet at the tail end of the lean combustion zone 18.
It should be noted that the lengths of the rich combustion zone 16, the quench zone 17 and the lean combustion zone 18 are not fixed, and the quench zone 17 can occupy a part of the front end of the lean combustion zone 18 and the rear end of the rich combustion zone 16 according to actual requirements, and the specific lengths are not limited herein.
Specifically, the combustion mechanism 1 is composed of a center nozzle, an inner ring nozzle and an outer ring nozzle, the three layers are all three, each layer of nozzle is of a push-pull structure, the distance of the nozzle extending into the combustion chamber 2 can be changed, the combustion mechanism 1 is connected with the combustion chamber 2 through a flange 14, and the joint is sealed through a rubber sealing ring and the like.
The central nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are all in a taper angle with the central axis of the combustion chamber 2, the taper angle is changed within the range of 10-60 degrees under the influence of the propelling depth of the nozzles into the combustion chamber 2, and the arrangement mode of the taper angle can realize that when the central nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle in the combustion mechanism 1 are pushed and pulled along the axial direction of the combustion chamber, the distance between the nozzles in the combustion chamber can be correspondingly adjusted according to the actual combustion working condition.
The secondary air box 7 is sleeved on the combustion chamber 2 and is fixedly connected with the combustion chamber 2, the joint of the secondary air box 7 and the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber 2 is in sealing connection, the space between the secondary air box 7 and the combustion chamber 2 is used as a secondary air channel 4 to allow secondary air to circulate in the secondary air box, wherein one end of the secondary air box 7, which is provided with the first swirl vanes 3, is provided with an air inlet along the annular direction, air is uniformly distributed in the secondary air box 7 along the annular direction after passing through the first swirl vanes 3, and then enters the combustion chamber through the secondary air vent 6 to form a quenching zone.
A plurality of overgrate air ventilation holes 6 have evenly been seted up along its axial and hoop on the wall that combustion chamber 2 is located quench zone 17 department, and cutting ferrule 5 slip cover is established on combustion chamber 2, is equipped with the opening that is used for communicateing overgrate air passageway 4, overgrate air ventilation hole 6 on cutting ferrule 5, can change sheltering from to overgrate air ventilation hole 6 of different positions department through the axial displacement of cutting ferrule 5.
Still fixed being equipped with the handle on the cutting ferrule 5, the handle stretches out from secondary bellows 7, and accessible handle drives cutting ferrule 5 and removes to change the axial position of cutting ferrule 5, and then select the overgrate air ventilation hole 6 of overgrate air circulation, thereby can cooperate the flame length in the rich burning district 16, adjust the injection position of overgrate air, keep at the 16 terminal injection overgrate air of flame in rich burning district.
As shown in fig. 3, the combustion mechanism 1 is divided into a center nozzle, an outer ring nozzle and an inner ring nozzle, wherein the center nozzle is composed of a support tube 10 and a center fuel tube slidably disposed inside the support tube 10, the support tube 10 is fixedly disposed at the center position of the flange 14, one end of the center fuel tube located inside the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a second swirl vane (not shown) and an ignition gun, methane air premixed gas flows through the center fuel tube when the center fuel tube is ignited, and ammonia fuel is injected to provide sufficient combustion heat release amount when the center fuel tube is in a high load state.
The outer ring nozzle consists of a first circular disc 11 and a first fuel pipe 12; the inner ring nozzle consists of a second disc 13 and a second fuel pipe 15.
The central fuel pipe can move axially to change the length of the central fuel pipe extending into the combustion chamber 2, the first disk 11 and the second disk 13 are both sleeved on the support pipe 10, the first disk 11 and the second disk 13 can slide axially along the support pipe 10, specifically, the first disk 11 and the second disk 13 are both connected with the support pipe 10 in a sliding mode through a bearing bush structure, and a sliding rail is arranged on the outer wall of the support pipe 10 along the axial direction of the outer wall.
The diameter of the first disk 11 is larger than that of the second disk 13, the second disk 13 is located between the first disk 11 and the flange 14, the first fuel pipes 12 are provided with a plurality of first fuel pipes 12, the plurality of first fuel pipes 12 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first disk 11, one end of each first fuel pipe 12 is fixedly connected with the first disk 11, the other end of each first fuel pipe 12 extends into the combustion chamber 2, the end part of each first fuel pipe 12 extending into the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a second swirl vane (not shown in the figure), and the corresponding second swirl vanes of all the first fuel pipes 12 have the same rotation direction;
the number of the second fuel pipes 15 is also multiple, the multiple second fuel pipes 15 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the second disk 13, one end of each second fuel pipe 15 is fixedly connected with the second disk 13, the other end of each second fuel pipe 15 extends into the combustion chamber 2, the end parts of all the second fuel pipes 15 extending into the combustion chamber 2 are provided with a second swirl blade (not shown in the figure), and the corresponding second swirl blades of all the second fuel pipes 15 have the same swirl direction.
For example, the swirling direction of the second swirling blades corresponding to the central fuel pipe is a counter-flow direction, the swirling direction of the second swirling blades corresponding to the second fuel pipe 15 (inner ring nozzle) is a downstream direction, and the swirling direction of the second swirling blades corresponding to the first fuel pipe 12 (outer ring nozzle) is a counter-flow direction, so that the central air flow and the inner and outer ring air flows can be better mixed.
The number of the second fuel pipes 15 is 4-8, in this embodiment, the number of the second fuel pipes 15 is 6, 6 inner ring injection ports are formed on the corresponding flange 14, each inner ring injection port corresponds to one second fuel pipe 15, the second fuel pipes 15 are fixedly arranged on the second disk 13, and the second handle 9 is fixedly arranged on the second disk 13 and used for controlling the movement of the second disk 13.
The number of the first fuel pipes 12 is 10 to 16, in this embodiment, the number of the first fuel pipes 12 is 12, 12 inner ring injection ports are formed on the corresponding flange 14, each inner ring injection port corresponds to one first fuel pipe 12, the first fuel pipes 12 are fixedly arranged on the first circular disk 11, and the first handle 8 is fixedly arranged on the first circular disk 11 and used for controlling the movement of the first circular disk 11.
Example 2
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for operating a low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel is provided, specifically as follows:
the purpose of this example is to mix ammonia and other combustible gases for combustion, thereby reducing carbon emissions, while increasing combustion efficiency and reducing NO x Is discharged.
When in ignition, only the ignition gun, the central nozzle and the inner ring nozzle are started; when the load is 40%, the ignition gun is closed, only the inner-ring nozzle is reserved, the axial depth of the inner-ring nozzle is adjusted, and the combustion is optimized; when the load is 80%, the outer ring nozzle starts to project fuel, and after the fuel is ignited by the inner ring nozzle, the axial depth of the outer ring nozzle is adjusted, and the combustion is optimized; when 100% load is carried out, the central nozzle is switched to project fuel, the axial depth of the central fuel pipe, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle is adjusted, the shape of a torch in the rich combustion zone 16 is changed, V-shaped or W-shaped flame is obtained, the combustion length of the torch is changed, and NO is reduced by combining air distribution x Therefore, the load is adjusted flexibly, the combustion stability is ensured, the problem that the flame propagation speed of the ammonia fuel is low, and flameout is easily caused when the combustion load is increased by improving the fuel flow rate is solved.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
before starting, adjusting a central fuel pipe to enable the distance between the outlet of the central nozzle and the combustion chamber 2 to reach a specified position;
adjusting a second handle 9, wherein the distance between the outlet of the central nozzle and the outlet of the inner ring nozzle is not too large, injecting methane-air mixture into the combustion chamber 2 from the central fuel pipe, igniting the mixture by an ignition device of the central fuel pipe, taking the methane-air flame as a pilot flame after stable combustion, igniting the ammonia/air combustible mixture injected into the combustion chamber 2 from the inner ring nozzle, stopping methane/air supply in the central fuel pipe after stable combustion of the inner layer fuel, adjusting the position of the outlet of the inner ring nozzle by adjusting the second handle 9, and pushing the inner ring nozzle into the combustion chamber 2 to enable the flame to be far away from the inlet end of the combustion chamber 2, so that the ignition process is finished;
when the combustion load needs to be increased, the fuel (ammonia/air premixed gas) supply of the outer ring nozzle is started, and the distance between the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle is changed through the first handle 8, so that the inner layer flame ring can ignite the outer layer fuel, the outer layer flame ring can stably combust, a combustion torch consisting of the inner layer flame ring and the outer layer flame ring can be ensured to be well filled in the combustion chamber 2, and a uniform temperature field is provided for safe and stable operation (such as preventing the flame from scouring the wall surface of the combustion chamber) and subsequent efficient heat exchange of the combustion chamber 2;
when the combustion load needs to be increased continuously, the fuel supply of the central fuel pipe is started again, and the flame temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the ignition point of ammonia at this moment, so that ammonia/air premixed gas is supplied into the central fuel pipe instead, the requirement on the combustion heat release is met, meanwhile, the fuel supply is increased through the central fuel pipe, the fuel flow rates of the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are unchanged, the combustion stability is not influenced, the first handle 8 and the second handle 9 are adjusted, the distance from the first disc 11 and the second disc 13 to the inlet of the combustion chamber 2 is adjusted, and a main combustion zone torch consisting of the central flame, the inner layer flame ring and the outer layer flame ring is reasonably adjusted to be V-shaped or W-shaped according to the fuel flow and the hearth structure, so that the high temperature on the wall surface and the nozzle of the combustion chamber is avoided while the flame fullness is ensured;
after the secondary air flows through the first swirl vanes 3 in the secondary air channel 4, the flow is uniformly distributed along the axial direction, and when the combustion load is gradually increased from the ignition state and the outer ring nozzle and the central fuel pipe are opened, or the combustible component of the primary air is distributedWhen the change happens, if the equivalence ratio of the rich combustion area 16 is changed, the position of the cutting sleeve 5 is properly adjusted, secondary air is timely sprayed into the tail end of a torch of the rich combustion area 16, and reasonable three areas of rich combustion, quenching and lean combustion are formed in the combustion chamber 2 to be distributed, so that the complete combustion of fuel is ensured, and NO is controlled x Is discharged.
It is understood that the specific adjusting position of the ferrule 5 needs to be determined according to actual operation and is not limited in particular.
In this embodiment, the three layers of nozzles of the combustion mechanism 1 can be adjusted in axial depth, by changing the distance between the nozzles in different layers, during small distance, the heat transfer effect between the ignition gun and the central nozzle is strong, the ignition is easy, when the combustion load is increased, the nozzles in different layers are pushed forwards along the set angle, by changing the pushing depth of each layer of nozzle, the distance between the nozzles in different layers in the combustion chamber 2 is adjusted lightly, the nozzle distance is increased, on one hand, the uniform combustion distribution in the combustion chamber 2 is facilitated, on the other hand, the heat transfer of adjacent flames can be reduced, the high-temperature melting of the nozzles of the combustor is avoided, and the different requirements of starting, low-load and high-load operation on heat transfer between flames and the shape and fullness degree of the combustion chamber can be solved.
The rich combustion-quenching-lean combustion technology is to realize NH 3 Burning NO x An effective means for reducing emission. Through the control of the secondary air injection position, when the load changes or the axial depth of the nozzle is adjusted and the fuel flow is changed, the flame length of the rich combustion zone 16 is changed, and how to properly supplement the secondary air at the tail end of the primary air combustion flame is the key of the practical application effect of the rich combustion-rapid cooling-lean combustion technology. Therefore, the secondary air supplement position determines the staged combustion effect, and when the torch length of the rich combustion zone 16 is changed, the secondary air injection position is correspondingly adjusted. In the embodiment, the secondary air is axially movable, the secondary air injection point can be flexibly matched with the length of the main combustion area through the matching adjustment of the clamping sleeve 5 and the secondary air vent 6, a reasonable rich combustion area, a quenching area and a lean combustion area are obtained, and the NOx emission is reduced while the combustion stability and the thermal efficiency are ensured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel, comprising:
the combustion mechanism consists of a central nozzle, an inner ring nozzle and an outer ring nozzle which can be pushed and pulled, and is used for changing the distance of the nozzle extending into the combustion chamber;
the front end of the combustion chamber is connected with the combustion mechanism through a flange, the combustion chamber is sequentially provided with a rich combustion area, a quench area and a lean combustion area from the front end to the rear end, and a plurality of secondary air vent holes are arranged on the wall surface of the quench area along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the quench area;
the secondary air box is sleeved on the combustion chamber to form a secondary air channel, the front end of the secondary air box is provided with a secondary air inlet, and secondary air passes through the first swirl vanes and then is uniformly distributed in the secondary air channel;
the clamping sleeve is sleeved on the combustion chamber in a sliding manner and used for adjusting the secondary air inlet position;
the first rotational flow blade is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the front end of the combustion chamber along the annular direction.
2. The low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel of claim 1, wherein the center nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are all tapered from a central axis of the combustion chamber.
3. The low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tips of the center nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are respectively provided with a second swirl vane, and the second swirl vanes corresponding to the center nozzle, the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle are arranged alternately in the direction of counter flow and downstream flow.
4. The low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel of claim 1, wherein the secondary air passage is located between the secondary wind box and the combustion chamber, and the first swirl vanes are located in the secondary air passage.
5. The low nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel of claim 1, wherein the central nozzle is composed of a support pipe and a central fuel pipe slidably disposed in the support pipe, the support pipe is fixedly disposed at a central position of the flange, and one end of the central fuel pipe inside the combustion chamber is provided with the second swirl vanes and the ignition gun.
6. The low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel according to claim 5, wherein the outer nozzle is composed of a first disk and a plurality of first fuel pipes circumferentially spaced on the first disk; the inner ring nozzle is composed of a second disc and a plurality of second fuel pipes arranged on the second disc at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the first disc and the second disc are arranged on the supporting pipe in a sliding mode.
7. The low nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel of claim 6, wherein said first disk has a larger diameter than a second disk, said second disk being positioned between said first disk and said flange, said first disk having a first handle affixed thereto and said second disk having a second handle affixed thereto.
8. The low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel of claim 6, wherein one end of the first fuel pipe and one end of the second fuel pipe are fixed on the corresponding discs, the other ends of the first fuel pipe and the second fuel pipe extend into the combustion chamber through the flange, and the ends of the first fuel pipe and the second fuel pipe extending into the combustion chamber are provided with second swirl vanes.
9. Method for operating a burner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
before starting, adjusting the length of the central nozzle extending into the combustion chamber;
reducing the distance between the outlets of the central nozzle and the inner ring nozzle, injecting methane-air mixture into the combustion chamber through the central fuel pipe and igniting the mixture, igniting the ammonia/air combustible mixture injected into the combustion chamber through the inner ring nozzle after the central flame is stably combusted, stopping fuel supply of the central fuel pipe after the inner layer fuel is stably combusted, and propelling the inner ring nozzle into the combustion chamber;
when the combustion load needs to be increased, the fuel supply of the outer ring nozzle is started, and the distance between the inner ring nozzle and the outer ring nozzle is changed, so that the inner layer flame ring ignites the outer layer fuel;
when the combustion load needs to be increased continuously, the fuel supply of the central fuel pipe is started again, the fuel is changed into ammonia/air premixed gas, the distance between the first disk and the second disk and the inlet of the combustion chamber is adjusted, and a main combustion zone torch consisting of a central flame, an inner flame ring and an outer flame ring is adjusted to be V-shaped or W-shaped according to the fuel flow and the structure of a hearth.
10. The low-nitrogen burner for ammonia fuel as claimed in claim 9, wherein the position of the cutting sleeve is adjusted to inject the secondary air at the end of the rich zone torch when the burning load is gradually increased from the ignition state and the outer ring nozzle and the central fuel pipe are opened, or the combustible component of the primary air is changed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211174055.5A CN115468163A (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | Low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel and working method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211174055.5A CN115468163A (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | Low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel and working method thereof |
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| CN115468163A true CN115468163A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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| CN202211174055.5A Pending CN115468163A (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | Low-nitrogen combustor for ammonia fuel and working method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4988287A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-01-29 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Combustion apparatus and method |
| CN102032568A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-27 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Burner for fuel containing hydrogen and method of running low nitrogen oxide (NOx) of same |
| CN206112921U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-04-19 | 北京佳德昌科技有限责任公司 | Multistage air distribution's low NOx burner |
| JP2022091595A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-21 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Burner, control method for the same and combustion furnace |
| CN217329793U (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-08-30 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Burner and combustion system |
-
2022
- 2022-09-26 CN CN202211174055.5A patent/CN115468163A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4988287A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-01-29 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Combustion apparatus and method |
| CN102032568A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-27 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Burner for fuel containing hydrogen and method of running low nitrogen oxide (NOx) of same |
| CN206112921U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-04-19 | 北京佳德昌科技有限责任公司 | Multistage air distribution's low NOx burner |
| JP2022091595A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-21 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Burner, control method for the same and combustion furnace |
| CN217329793U (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-08-30 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Burner and combustion system |
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