CN115466606B - Fiber gel plugging agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fiber gel plugging agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
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- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C09K8/512—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds containing cross-linking agents
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Abstract
The invention provides a fiber gel plugging agent and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fiber gel plugging agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.5 percent of polymer, 0.002 to 0.2 percent of cross-linking agent, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of micro-nano fiber and the balance of solvent; wherein the diameter of the micro-nano fiber is 1-30 mu m, and the length is 150-1000 mu m. The fiber gel plugging agent can achieve a plugging rate of more than 90% after crosslinking into gel in porous media of ultra-high permeability large pore path oil fields of a sand reservoir, and can meet the requirements of water flooding (polymer flooding) high water content oil fields on water flow dominant large pore path plugging, plugging and deep profile control steering of a severe heterogeneous oil reservoir, improve water flooding and improve water flooding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum exploitation, and particularly relates to a fiber gel plugging agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
For water-flooding oil field development, channeling passages are commonly present in the oil field development to high-water-content later-stage reservoirs due to the influences of primary heterogeneity of the reservoirs, secondary heterogeneity caused by subsequent water flooding and the like. Particularly for cementing loose oil layers, the influence of the heterogeneous dominant channels is not obvious in the early development stage, but along with the long-term water driving effect among oil-water wells, the seepage channels are continuously washed, the cementing matters among the rock frameworks are continuously washed, sand grains fall off and move, and finally an ultra-high seepage channeling channel is formed, so that water injection is invalid to circulate, and the water driving efficiency is low.
The cross-linked polymer gel is the plugging agent which is most widely applied to plugging and deep profile control of a high-water-content oil field, but the polymer gel cannot effectively plug the ultra-high permeability large pore canal of the loose conglomerate oil reservoir, because the action mechanism of the polymer gel is channel occupying plugging, the reservoir cementing is very loose at the moment, and the subsequent water flooding can wash out and destroy and move the reservoir sand grains together with the gel. Therefore, for the ultra-high permeability reservoir stratum with loose sand cementation and easy sand discharge caused by long-term water flooding, the polymer gel plugging agent has poor plugging effect and scouring resistance and short effective period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of blocking and plugging of an extra-high permeability large-pore-channel oil field of a loose sand conglomerate oil reservoir, and provides a fiber gel plugging agent, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a fiber gel plugging agent, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.5 percent of polymer, 0.002 to 0.2 percent of cross-linking agent, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of micro-nano fiber and the balance of solvent; wherein the diameter of the micro-nano fiber is 1-30 mu m, and the length is 150-1000 mu m.
According to the invention, micro-nano fibers are added into the polymer to form the composite plugging agent of fiber gel. The micro-nano fiber is used as a gel skeleton to strengthen the gel strength, and the bending and winding characteristics of the micro-nano fiber can bond or bridge dispersed sand grains to form a sand rock fiber gel complex, so that the consolidation and the plugging of a severely heterogeneous reservoir are realized, and the reservoir particles are effectively prevented from being further scoured and moved. The sand prevention and sand fixation and channeling sealing action mechanism of the fiber gel comprises: firstly, after a fiber gel system solution enters a reservoir, as the surface of fine powder sand is negatively charged, positive electric long chains of a fiber gel system polymer can be adsorbed on the fine powder sand so as to bridge dispersed sand grains, so that the fiber gel system solution becomes a fine powder sand combination, the critical flow rate of the fine powder sand is increased, and a certain sand stabilizing and fixing effect is achieved; on the other hand, the three-dimensional reticular fiber gel structure composite body shown in figure 1 is formed by mutually hooking the bending, curling and spiral crossing of the three-dimensional reticular fiber gel structure composite body, sand grains can be bound in the three-dimensional reticular fiber gel structure composite body to form a relatively stable filter body, and the relatively stable filter body has a considerable permeability, so that the aim of sand prevention is fulfilled.
The combination of the micro-nano fiber and the gel can play a double role of sand fixation and channeling prevention, and can effectively solve the problem of poor flushing resistance of a single polymer gel system. The fiber gel system can regulate and block the channeling channels such as heterogeneous hypertonic strips, natural/artificial cracks, holes and the like in the reservoir, so as to control, inhibit or prevent water channeling, and the subsequent water flooding steering expands the water flooding wave and volume, so that more residual oil is extracted along with the displacement fluid, and the purpose of improving the recovery ratio is realized.
On the basis, the invention selects the micro-nano short fiber with the diameter of 1-30 mu m and the length of 150-1000 mu m, and can realize deep plugging and sand scattering consolidation by deep injection. Therefore, the formed fiber gel system has thixotropic property, can ensure effective suspension of fibers under static state and deep injection of low viscosity and dominant channels under dynamic state, can reduce the permeability degree when compared with pure polymer gel with the same concentration without fibers for plugging large pore canal stratum after the fiber gel is gelled in the dominant channels, and improves the residual resistance coefficient (Frr) by 3-6 times, thereby having higher plugging strength.
In the above fiber gel plugging agent, preferably, the micro-nanofiber is selected from plant fibers.
The micro-nano fiber used in the invention is a natural cellulose fiber, and is an organic short fiber formed by mechanical crushing processing of plant fiber, thus being an environment-friendly material without environmental pollution. The micro-nano fiber has a three-dimensional structure, stable physical and chemical properties, light specific gravity, good dispersibility, temperature resistance and salt resistance, and the micro-nano fiber is carbonized at about 250 ℃ and has physical properties not affected by mineralization.
In the above fiber gel plugging agent, preferably, the polymer is at least one selected from polyacrylamide, xanthan gum and guar gum.
In the above fiber gel plugging agent, preferably, the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from chromium trichloride, phenolic resin and polyethyleneimine.
In the above fiber gel plugging agent, preferably, the solvent is selected from formation water, simulated formation water or clear water, and the mineralization degree of the formation water or simulated formation water is less than or equal to 200000mg/L
In the above fiber gel plugging agent, preferably, the gelation method of the fiber gel plugging agent is as follows: placing the mixture in a temperature of 20-60 ℃ for reaction for 2-48h; the reaction temperature is more preferably 40 ℃.
In the above fiber gel blocking agent, preferably, the viscosity of the fiber gel blocking agent after gelation is 20 to 200mpa·s.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fiber gel plugging agent, which comprises the following steps: and dissolving the polymer and the cross-linking agent in a solvent, uniformly mixing, adding the micro-nano fibers, and uniformly mixing again to obtain the fiber gel plugging agent.
In the preparation method of the fiber gel plugging agent, preferably, the polymer and the cross-linking agent are respectively dissolved in a solvent and then uniformly mixed, and the solvent for dissolving the cross-linking agent is clear water.
The preparation method of the fiber gel plugging agent preferably comprises the following specific steps:
according to the raw material proportion, the mass fraction of each compound salt is calculated and determined through an ion balance equation, each compound salt is added into a certain volume of distilled water, the volume is fixed, and simulated formation water is prepared; adding a certain mass fraction of polymer into a certain volume of simulated formation water, and stirring until the polymer is completely dissolved to form a polymer solution, so as to prepare a polymer solution with a certain concentration; adding a certain mass fraction of cross-linking agent into tap water with a certain volume for dissolution, and fixing the volume to form a cross-linking agent mother solution with higher concentration; adding a certain amount of cross-linking agent mother liquor into a certain volume of polymer solution according to the formula requirement, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to form a polymer gel plugging agent system solution; and adding a certain amount of micro-nano fiber dry powder into a certain volume of polymer gel plugging agent system solution according to the formula requirement, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to form the fiber gel plugging agent.
The invention also provides application of the fiber gel plugging agent in plugging of high-permeability oil fields, wherein the core permeability of the oil fields is more than or equal to 10D.
In the above application, preferably, the fiber gel blocking agent has a crosslinking temperature of 40 ℃.
After the fiber gel plugging agent solution is injected into a stratum, the fiber gel plugging agent solution is crosslinked and gelled in a stratum porous medium with ultra-high permeability and large pore channels above 10D to form a plug, so that the subsequent water flooding is turned, the wave and volume of the water flooding are enlarged, and the water flooding recovery ratio is improved. The fiber gel plugging agent provided by the invention is used as a heterogeneous oil reservoir in the exploitation of a high-water-content oil field to effectively solve the deep graded plugging problem of a hypertonic strip, a water flow dominant channel and a large pore oil layer.
The fiber gel plugging agent is suitable for loose sand oil reservoirs with ultra-high permeability and large pore channels, namely, loose sand oil reservoirs with poor using effect aiming at single polymer gel, and is used for improving or improving displacement sweep efficiency such as water flooding/polymer flooding/gas flooding and the like aiming at plugging and steering of deep excellent and large pore channels of the heterogeneous oil reservoirs, so that the recovery ratio is improved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fiber gel plugging agent can achieve a plugging rate of more than 90% after crosslinking into gel in porous media of ultra-high permeability large pore path oil fields of a sand reservoir, and can meet the requirements of water flooding (polymer flooding) high water content oil fields on water flow dominant large pore path plugging, plugging and deep profile control steering of a severe heterogeneous oil reservoir, improve water flooding and improve water flooding efficiency. In addition, the fiber gel plugging agent disclosed by the invention is simple in component, solid in component of a crosslinking system and convenient to transport and construct.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional network fiber gel structure composite;
fig. 2 is a graph of displacement pressure change of the fiber gel plugging system of example 1 in experimental example 1 during core plugging;
fig. 3 is a graph of displacement pressure change of the polymer gel plugging system of comparative example 1 in experimental example 1 during core plugging;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the injection pressure along the course of the gel plugging system of comparative example 2 in experimental example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the displacement pressure change of the fiber gel plugging system of example 1 of experimental example 2 during plugging and washout resistance tests;
fig. 6 is a graph of displacement pressure change of the polymer gel plugging system of comparative example 1 of experimental example 2 during plugging and washout resistance testing.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below for a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and advantageous effects of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fiber gel plugging agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 0.3g of xanthan gum dry powder into 200ml of high mineralization degree (62383 mg/L) stratum water, and fully stirring and dissolving for 2 hours to prepare a polymer solution A with the concentration of 0.15%;
(2) Adding 0.5g of chromium trichloride solid into 50ml of clear water for dissolution, and fixing the volume to form a cross-linking agent mother solution B with the concentration of 1%;
(3) 2ml of the cross-linking agent mother solution B is added into 200ml of the polymer solution A, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed to form a polymer gel plugging solution C with 0.15% of polymer and 0.01% of cross-linking agent.
(4) Adding 0.2g of micro-nano fiber (with the diameter of 30 mu m and the length of 300 mu m) into 100ml of polymer gel plugging agent solution C, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to form the fiber gel plugging agent of 0.15% polymer, 0.01% crosslinking agent and 0.2% micro-nano fiber.
The fiber gel plugging agent prepared in the embodiment is sealed and then is placed into a constant-temperature water bath with the temperature of 40 ℃ for heating, the gel forming time and the gel strength of the system solution are observed regularly, the viscosity of the fiber gel plugging agent solution is 20-200 mPa.s, and the gel forming time is 2-48 hours and can be regulated.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fiber gel plugging agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 0.2g of xanthan gum dry powder into 200ml of high mineralization degree (62383 mg/L) stratum water, and fully stirring and dissolving for 2 hours to prepare a polymer solution A with the concentration of 0.1%;
(2) Adding 0.5g of chromium trichloride solid into 50ml of clear water for dissolution, and fixing the volume to form a cross-linking agent mother solution B with the concentration of 1%;
(3) 2ml of the cross-linking agent mother solution B is added into 200ml of the polymer solution A, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed to form a polymer gel plugging solution C with 0.1% of polymer and 0.01% of cross-linking agent.
(4) Adding 0.2g of micro-nano fiber (with the diameter of 30 mu m and the length of 1000 mu m) into 100ml of polymer gel plugging agent solution C, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to form the fiber gel plugging agent of 0.1% polymer, 0.01% crosslinking agent and 0.2% micro-nano fiber.
The fiber gel plugging agent prepared in the embodiment is sealed and then is placed into a constant-temperature water bath with the temperature of 40 ℃ for heating, the gel forming time and the gel strength of the system solution are observed regularly, the viscosity of the fiber gel plugging agent solution is 20-200 mPa.s, and the gel forming time is 2-48 hours and can be regulated.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fiber gel plugging agent, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 0.3g of xanthan gum dry powder into 200ml of high mineralization degree (62383 mg/L) stratum water, and fully stirring and dissolving for 2 hours to prepare a polymer solution A with the concentration of 0.15%;
(2) Adding 0.5g of chromium trichloride solid into 50ml of clear water for dissolution, and fixing the volume to form a cross-linking agent mother solution B with the concentration of 1%;
(3) Adding 4ml of the cross-linking agent mother solution B into 200ml of the polymer solution A, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to form a polymer gel plugging solution C with 0.15% of polymer and 0.02% of cross-linking agent.
(4) Adding 0.5g of micro-nano fiber (with the diameter of 30 mu m and the length of 1000 mu m) into 100ml of polymer gel plugging agent solution C, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to form the fiber gel plugging agent of 0.15% polymer, 0.02% crosslinking agent and 0.5% micro-nano fiber.
The fiber gel plugging agent prepared in the embodiment is sealed and then is placed into a constant-temperature water bath with the temperature of 40 ℃ for heating, the gel forming time and the gel strength of the system solution are observed regularly, the viscosity of the fiber gel plugging agent solution is 20-200 mPa.s, and the gel forming time is 2-48 hours and can be regulated.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for preparing a polymer gel plugging agent, which is the same as the preparation method of the example 1, except that no micro-nano fiber is added, namely the polymer gel plugging agent of the comparative example is taken as the polymer gel plugging agent of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method for preparing a polymer fiber gel blocking regulator, which is identical to the method of example 1, except that the fibers added in this comparative example are conventional fibers having a length of 3.5 mm.
Experimental example 1
This experimental example was used to evaluate the plugging effect of the plugging agents of the above examples 1, comparative examples 1 and comparative examples 2 in a highly permeable porous medium.
And respectively taking extra-high permeability cores with equivalent permeability (the permeability is more than 10D), and carrying out injection and plugging comparison experiments of plugging agents, wherein the method comprises the following experimental steps:
(1) Constant-speed water flooding at 10ml/min until pressure is stable, and water side permeability (K) is measured w )；
(2) Keeping the same speed as the water drive, injecting the plugging agent of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 with the concentration of 1.5PV at a constant speed respectively, and ensuring that the core is filled with the plugging agent solution;
(3) Heating the sealed core at 40 ℃ for 24 hours to gel the plugging agent;
(4) Constant-speed water drive with the same speed until the pressure is stable, recording the pressure change in the whole process, and calculating the plugging rate and the residual resistance coefficient (Frr).
The experimental conditions of the experimental example control are identical. The core permeability of the fiber gel plugging system of example 1 was measured to be 12.1D, the core permeability of the polymer gel system of comparative example 1 was measured to be 11.5D, and the core permeability of the plugging system of comparative example 2 was measured to be 10.08D.
Fig. 2 and 3 are graphs of displacement pressure changes during core plugging for the plugging systems of example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively. Wherein, the pressure points 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 represent 5 equidistant pressure points from the displacement injection end to the end, e.g. the pressure point 1 is the injection end pressure and the pressure point 5 is the end pressure. The core is firstly water-driven to be stable, then the plugging agent (medicament drive) is injected, after the plugging agent is completely glued, the subsequent water drive is carried out, and the plugging properties of the plugging agent fibers of the embodiment 1 and the comparative embodiment 1 can be respectively obtained through the change of pressure. It can be seen that the core permeability is larger, the water driving pressure is lower, and the viscosity of the plugging agent (medicament) solution is higher than that of water, so that the displacement pressure of the medicament driving process is increased; after the plugging agent system is glued, the plugging effect on the hypertonic rock core is achieved, and the displacement pressure is greatly increased during subsequent water flooding.
Table 1 shows the results of the plugging effect test of the systems of the plugging agents of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 in highly permeable porous media. The subsequent water flooding pressure corresponding to the fiber gel plugging system of the embodiment 1 reaches 0.294MPa at most, the plugging rate reaches 95.09%, and the residual resistance coefficient reaches 19.65; the polymer gel system of comparative example 1 corresponds to a subsequent water driving pressure of only 0.059MPa at maximum, a blocking rate of only 72.08%, and a residual resistance coefficient of only 3.51. Therefore, compared with the polymer gel plugging system, the fiber gel plugging system provided by the invention has higher plugging strength. In contrast, the two fiber gel plugging systems of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 show that the fiber gel plugging system of the present invention has higher core permeability due to the use of micro-nanofibers with smaller size.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the injection pressure along the course of a conventional fiber gel plugging system of comparative example 2. Compared with the flow resistance of the fiber gel in fig. 2 and 4 entering the deep part of the core, the micro-nano fiber gel can realize deep injection, and effective plugging is formed along the way, and the plugging formed by the conventional millimeter-sized long fiber gel is mainly concentrated at the inlet section of the core, so that the fiber gel is difficult to enter the deep part of the core to form effective plugging. In addition, in the fiber gel plugging system with the same mass fraction, the number of micro-nano fibers is far more than that of millimeter-sized fibers, the fibers are used as solid-phase particles dispersed in the gel, the plugging system solution formed by the larger number is more difficult to inject (the higher the resistance coefficient Fr is), and the plugging effect formed in the core is better (the higher the Frr is).
Table 1 results of blocking test of blocking systems in highly permeable porous media
Experimental example 2
The experimental example was used for evaluating the flushing resistance of the plugging agents of the above example 1 and comparative example 1 in a high-permeability porous medium, and the specific evaluation method comprises the following steps:
and respectively taking extra-high permeability cores with equivalent permeability (the permeability is more than 10D), and carrying out a comparative experiment of plugging and flushing resistance performance of the plugging agent, wherein the method comprises the following experimental steps:
(1) Constant-speed water flooding at 10ml/min until pressure is stable to measure permeability (K) w )；
(2) Keeping the same speed as the water drive, injecting the plugging agent of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 with the concentration of 1.5PV at a constant speed respectively, and ensuring that the core is filled with the plugging agent solution;
(3) Heating the sealed core at 40 ℃ for 24 hours to gel the plugging agent;
(4) The pressure change is recorded in the whole course of the same-speed constant-speed water drive 20 PV.
The core permeability corresponding to the fiber gel plugging system of example 1 was 12.1D and the core permeability corresponding to the polymer gel system of comparative example 1 was 11.5D, which are identical in experimental conditions, and the results are shown in table 1.
Fig. 5 and 6 are graphs of displacement pressure changes during the plugging and washout resistance test for the plugging systems of example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively. When a subsequent water flooding washout resistance test is carried out, the displacement pressure corresponding to the fiber gel system of the embodiment 1 is slowly reduced, the displacement pressure after 20PV is 0.266MPa, and the pressure retention degree is 90.48%; the displacement pressure corresponding to the polymer gel drops at a relatively rapid rate, and the displacement pressure is only 0.025MPa after 20PV, and the pressure is maintained at 42.37%. Therefore, compared with the polymer gel plugging system, the fiber gel plugging system has better plugging performance and flushing resistance.
In conclusion, the plugging effect of a single polymer gel plugging agent (without fibers) in an extra-high-permeability large-pore-channel oil field of a loose sand conglomerate oil reservoir is poor, the scouring resistance is weak, and the residual resistance coefficient and the scouring resistance formed after plugging by fiber gel are 6-10 times that of polymer gel with the same concentration; compared with the conventional millimeter-sized long-fiber gel, the micro-nano-fiber gel has better plugging effect and deep plugging performance (see table 1), and meanwhile, loose sand grains can be glued together through the sand fixation effect of the fiber gel, so that the strength and the flushing resistance of the gel are effectively improved. The fiber gel plugging agent system provided by the invention has the plugging rate of more than 90% after crosslinking into gel in the porous medium of the ultra-high permeability large pore canal oil field of the conglomerate oil reservoir, and can meet the requirements of water flooding (polymer flooding) high water content oil field serious heterogeneous oil reservoir water flow dominant large pore canal channeling and plugging and deep profile control steering, improve water flooding and improve water flooding efficiency.
Claims (7)
1. A fiber gel plugging agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.5 percent of polymer, 0.002 to 0.2 percent of cross-linking agent, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of micro-nano fiber and the balance of solvent; wherein the diameter of the micro-nano fiber is 1-30 mu m, the length is 150-1000 mu m, and the micro-nano fiber is selected from plant fibers; the polymer is selected from xanthan gum, and the cross-linking agent is selected from chromium trichloride.
2. The fiber gel plugging agent of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from formation water, simulated formation water or clear water, and the mineralization degree of the formation water or simulated formation water is 200000mg/L or less.
3. The fiber gel plugging agent of claim 1, wherein the gelation method of the fiber gel plugging agent is: and the mixture is placed in a temperature of 20-60 ℃ for reaction for 2-48h.
4. The fiber gel plugging agent according to claim 3, which has a viscosity of 20 to 200 mPa-s after gelation.
5. A method of preparing the fiber gel plugging agent of any one of claims 1-4, comprising: and dissolving the polymer and the cross-linking agent in a solvent, uniformly mixing, adding the micro-nano fibers, and uniformly mixing again to obtain the fiber gel plugging agent.
6. The method for preparing a fiber gel plugging agent according to claim 5, wherein the polymer and the cross-linking agent are dissolved in a solvent respectively and then mixed uniformly, and the solvent for dissolving the cross-linking agent is clear water.
7. Use of the fiber gel plugging agent according to any one of claims 1-4 for plugging a high permeability oilfield, wherein the core permeability of the oilfield is greater than or equal to 10D.
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