CN115466096A - Alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115466096A
CN115466096A CN202210876848.5A CN202210876848A CN115466096A CN 115466096 A CN115466096 A CN 115466096A CN 202210876848 A CN202210876848 A CN 202210876848A CN 115466096 A CN115466096 A CN 115466096A
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fly ash
incineration fly
alkali
insulating brick
waste incineration
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CN115466096B (en
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吕凯
刘小艳
刘睿丹
解宪
李田雨
孙宝印
代登辉
刘泉
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses an alkali-activated lightweight prefabricated insulating brick made of waste incineration fly ash and a preparation method thereof. Metakaolin and waste incineration fly ash are used as main components of a silicon-aluminum phase, and alkali is used for activating and improving the activity. The waste incineration fly ash is subjected to the pretreatment processes of water washing, acid washing and alkali washing, so that the contents of chloride ions and harmful heavy metals are reduced. Every prefabricated insulating brick has three cavity intermediate layer and two polyurethane foam heat preservation, has improved the heat preservation effect, connects through filling reinforced mortar in circular prefabricated groove between the adjacent insulating brick, and stable in structure is simple pleasing to the eye and the shaping is convenient, has reduced the energy resource consumption of traditional baked insulating brick, has reduced the secondary carbon and has discharged. The waste incineration fly ash is used as a building material, so that the environmental pollution and carbon emission are reduced, and the building material has good heat preservation characteristics, is green and environment-friendly, and is energy-saving and emission-reducing.

Description

Alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to an alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Insulating bricks are generally of two types: one is a non-sintered porous insulating brick with cement as a representative cementing material, and the other is a porous insulating brick sintered at high temperature. Among them, the cement-based non-sintered porous insulating brick has low energy consumption and is widely used, and is a material with stable performance, heat insulation and sound insulation.
With the continuous progress of modern construction, the annual output of the household garbage is increased year by year, the main treatment mode of the household garbage is incineration, the incineration reduces the volume of the garbage and can recover energy, but the incineration can generate a large amount of incineration bottom ash and incineration fly ash, heavy metals in the garbage can volatilize in a furnace in the incineration process and can be enriched in the fly ash, so that the content of the heavy metals and dioxin in the incineration fly ash exceeds the standard, the appropriate treatment mode of the incineration fly ash becomes hot, the harmless treatment of the fly ash can be realized by using a cement curing or geopolymer curing mode, and a product with high added value can be prepared, so that the fly ash forms a novel green environment-friendly material.
The incineration of the domestic food waste causes a large amount of Cl elements to exist in the waste incineration fly ash, and the Cl elements can promote the chemical distribution of heavy metals, so that the fly ash has high content of toxic heavy metal elements such As Hg, cu, zn, pb, cr, cd, as and the like. Therefore, the fly ash used as a novel green environment-friendly material needs to be pretreated in the building engineering, and the common washing treatment comprises water washing treatment, acid washing treatment and alkali washing treatment. The water washing can remove most of soluble Cl, na, ca, K and other elements in the fly ash and part of heavy metal elements. Most heavy metals in the fly ash can be effectively dissolved in acid, and elements such as Cu, cd and the like which are difficult to remove by acid washing can be further extracted by alkali washing.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the application mainly provides an alkali-activated waste incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick and a preparation method thereof, and solves the technical problems that the heavy metal and dioxin content of the waste incineration fly ash in the prior art exceeds the standard, the solid waste incineration fly ash is used as a main material, the fly ash is activated by alkali to improve the strength, and the specific structure of the alkali-activated waste incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is provided.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of waste incineration fly ash, 40-50 parts of ordinary portland cement, 30-40 parts of metakaolin, 5-10 parts of water glass solution, 3-5 parts of NaOH solution, 2-3 parts of polypropylene fiber and 15-20 parts of deionized water.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the particle size of the waste incineration fly ash is less than or equal to 0.075mm, and the content of silicon element is more than or equal to 30%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the waste incineration fly ash needs to be subjected to the pretreatment processes of water washing, acid washing and alkali washing, and the pretreatment process of the waste incineration fly ash specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, a washing process of the waste incineration fly ash: mixing distilled water and waste incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =5-20:1, mixing, magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 20-40rpm for 15-30min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying at 105 ℃ for 24-48h;
step 2, acid washing process of the waste incineration fly ash: adding HCl or H with pH = 1-2 2 SO 4 And mixing with the waste incineration fly ash after water washing according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =20-30:1, soaking for 30-40min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃;
step 3, alkali washing process of the waste incineration fly ash: 0.5mol/L NH was used 4 And (3) OH and the waste incineration fly ash after acid washing are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =10-15:1, soaking for 20-30min, filtering the solid-liquid mixture after stirring through a filter membrane of 0.045 μm,
then drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the ordinary Portland cement is selected from ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade not lower than 42.5.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the metakaolin is prepared by calcining kaolin at 700-800 ℃, and active SiO is prepared 2 Content is more than or equal to 50 percent, active Al 2 O 3 The content is more than or equal to 40 percent.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the water glass solution and the NaOH solution form an alkali activator, the modulus of the water glass is 2.0-3.0, the NaOH is chemically pure, and the concentration is 2.0-3.0mol/L.
The application also discloses a preparation method of the alkali-activated waste incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, weighing 15-20 parts of waste incineration fly ash, and then mixing distilled water and the waste incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =5-20:1, mixing, and magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 20-40rpm for 15-30min;
the second step is that: filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture with a 0.045 mu m filter membrane, drying the solid-liquid mixture at 105 ℃ for 24-48H, and adding HCl or H with pH = 1-2 2 SO 4 And mixing with the waste incineration fly ash after water washing according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =20-30:1, mixing and soaking for 30-40min;
the third step: then pumping and filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying the mixture for 24-48h at 105 ℃;
the fourth step: finally, 0.5mol/L NH is used 4 And (3) OH and the waste incineration fly ash after acid washing are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =10-15:1, soaking for 20-30min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃;
the fifth step: after the waste incineration fly ash is pretreated, weighing 40-50 parts of ordinary portland cement, 30-40 parts of metakaolin, 5-10 parts of water glass solution, 3-5 parts of NaOH solution and 2-3 parts of polypropylene fiber;
and a sixth step: stirring the waste incineration fly ash, the ordinary portland cement and the metakaolin in a stirrer at a low speed of 120-150rpm for 3-5min, then mixing and adding the water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fiber and the deionized water into the stirrer, stirring at a low speed of 120-150rpm for 1-2min, and then stirring at a high speed of 300-400rpm for 2-4min;
the seventh step: pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating for compacting and molding, then placing into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing at 65 ℃ for 30min, then curing at 85 ℃ for 30min, and performing steam curing at 85 ℃ for 5h after the microwave curing is finished;
eighth step: demolding, and curing at 20 + -2 deg.C and 95% relative humidity for 28d.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is a cuboid and comprises a brick body, communicating holes, a polyurethane foam insulating layer and a group of side semicircular grooves; three communicating holes and two polyurethane foam heat-insulating layers are formed in each heat-insulating brick; two polyurethane foam heat-insulating layers are respectively arranged among the three communicating holes, wherein one communicating hole is arranged at the middle position of the heat-insulating brick.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the group of side semicircular grooves are distributed on the long sides and the short sides of the insulating brick, three side semicircular grooves are evenly distributed on the long sides, and two side semicircular grooves are evenly distributed on the short sides.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the diameter distance a of the side semicircular groove is smaller than or equal to the width b of the communicating hole, the width b of the communicating hole is smaller than or equal to the width c of the polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer, the width c of the polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer is smaller than or equal to the distance d between the two communicating holes on the outer side and the side edge of the heat-insulating brick, and the distance d between the two communicating holes on the outer side and the side edge of the heat-insulating brick is smaller than or equal to the thickness e of the heat-insulating brick.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the alkali-activated waste incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick and the preparation method thereof adopt the technical scheme, and have the following technical effects:
1. the invention realizes the reutilization of the municipal solid waste, applies the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to the building material, improves the utilization rate of the solid waste and lightens the burden of the natural environment caused by landfill.
2. Aiming at the problems of high heavy metal content and high harmfulness of municipal waste incineration fly ash, a water washing, acid washing and alkali washing combined pretreatment mode is creatively adopted to remove heavy metals and soluble salts in the incineration fly ash, the water washing enables the content of soluble chloride to be reduced by 92.04%, the acid washing enables the content of Zn, pb and Ni elements to be reduced by 72.25%, 79.95% and 43.48% respectively, and the alkali washing enables the content of Cu and Cd elements to be reduced to 59.35% and 73.21% respectively, so that the municipal waste incineration fly ash can be harmlessly applied to insulating bricks.
3. The prefabricated insulating brick containing the interlayer and having a firm and stable connecting structure is prepared by adopting a sintering-free insulating brick molding process. Every brick has three cavity intermediate layer and two polyurethane foam heat preservation, has improved the heat preservation effect, connects through the reinforcing bar mortar between the adjacent insulating brick, and simple structure is pleasing to the eye and the shaping is convenient, has reduced the energy resource consumption of traditional sintering insulating brick, has reduced the secondary carbon and has discharged. Moreover, the compressive strength and the heat insulation coefficient of the solid-waste heat insulation brick prepared by the invention respectively reach 81.82 percent and 75.46 percent of a pure cement control group, and the requirement of building construction is met.
4. The combined pretreatment reduces the content of soluble chlorine salt, zn, pb, ni, cu and Cd elements in the fly ash by 92.04%, 72.25%, 79.95%, 43.48%, 59.35% and 73.21% respectively. The environmental pollution is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the average thermal insulation coefficient of the insulating brick prepared by the invention reaches 0.32/W (m 2. K) -1, the average compressive strength of 28d reaches 29.51MPa, and compared with the 0.41/W (m 2. K) -1 of the thermal insulation coefficient of pure cement non-sintered insulating brick and the 37.81MPa of the compressive strength of 28d, the insulating brick not only meets the requirements of building construction strength and thermal insulation, but also only uses 40-50% of cement content of the pure cement non-sintered insulating brick, thereby greatly reducing the production cost.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of the alkali-activated lightweight prefabricated insulating brick made from fly ash from incineration of refuse.
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the alkali-activated refuse incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of the present application.
FIG. 4 is an installation diagram of the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. the brick comprises a brick body, 2 communication holes, 3 a polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer, 4 a side semicircular groove, 5 and a reinforcing steel bar mortar groove; a. the diameter distance of the semicircular groove on the side surface, the width of the communicating hole, the width of the polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer, the distance between the two communicating holes on the d and the outer side and the side edge of the heat-insulating brick, and the thickness of the heat-insulating brick.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific examples.
As shown in figure 4, the insulating brick comprises a brick body 1, a communication hole 2, a polyurethane foam insulating layer 3 and a group of side semicircular grooves 4.
Five holes are formed in the heat-insulating brick, wherein two holes on the outermost side and one hole in the middle are communication holes 2, the communication holes 2 form a hollow heat-insulating layer, and the remaining two holes are filled with polyurethane foam.
Two or three circular reinforcing steel bar mortar grooves 5 are formed on the outer surfaces of two adjacent heat-insulating bricks.
As shown in fig. 4, during the field construction of the insulating brick, a first insulating brick is laid firstly, then fixing steel bars are laid on four semicircular grooves 4 on two sides of the first insulating brick respectively, then two adjacent insulating bricks are laid, so that the two adjacent insulating bricks are attached tightly, and the fixing steel bars are laid in the circular steel bar mortar groove at the moment. After the first layer of insulating bricks are attached tightly and smoothly, the second layer of insulating bricks are placed on the first layer of insulating bricks, the first layer of insulating bricks are scattered from the middle to two sides and laid, and the fixed reinforcing steel bars are uniformly laid in the circular reinforcing steel bar mortar groove. After each two layers of insulating bricks are laid, building mortar is poured into the circular reinforcing steel bar mortar grooves, so that the building mortar and reinforcing steel bars are filled in each circular reinforcing steel bar mortar groove. The insulating brick layer formed by the construction method is firm and reliable, does not need a large amount of building mortar, reduces the cost and improves the construction efficiency.
ICP-OES is used for detecting the content of heavy metals before the waste incineration fly ash used in the community embodiment is used, and the result is as follows:
index (I) Cu Zn Pb Cd Ni Cl
mg/kg 326.9 765.8 833.0 194.5 25.3 19673.5
。
Example 1
An alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is prepared by firstly weighing 15 parts of garbage incineration fly ash, and then mixing distilled water and the garbage incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =5:1, magnetically stirring at a speed of 20rpm for 15min, then filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m by suction, and then drying at 105 ℃ for 24h.
The treated fly ash was tested for heavy metal content using ICP-OES with the following results:
index (es) Cu Zn Pb Cd Ni Cl
mg/kg 325.2 755.6 831.8 194.1 25.2 1573.2
The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of waste incineration fly ash, 40 parts of ordinary portland cement, 30 parts of metakaolin, 5 parts of a water glass solution, 3 parts of a NaOH solution, 2 parts of polypropylene fiber and 15 parts of deionized water.
The waste incineration fly ash, the ordinary portland cement and the metakaolin are stirred in a stirrer at a low speed of 120rpm for 3min, then the water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fibers and the deionized water are mixed and added into the stirrer, the mixture is stirred at a low speed of 120rpm for 1min, and then the mixture is stirred at a high speed of 300rpm for 2min. And then pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating and compacting for molding, then placing the mold into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing, curing for 30min at 65 ℃, then curing for 30min at 85 ℃, and performing steam curing for 5h under the steam condition of 85 ℃ after the microwave curing is finished. And demolding, and curing for 28 days in an environment with the ambient temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%.
According to GB 26538-2011 'specifications of sintered insulating bricks and insulating blocks', the prepared solid waste insulating bricks are characterized, and the results are as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.36/W (m) 2 ·K) -1 And the 28d compressive strength is 29.38MPa, and the building construction requirement is met.
Example 2
An alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is prepared by firstly weighing 15 parts of garbage incineration fly ash, then mixing distilled water and the garbage incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =10, magnetically stirring for 20min at a rotation speed of 30rpm, then filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m in a suction filtration manner, then drying for 24H at 105 ℃, and then carrying out H with the pH =1.5 2 SO 4 Mixing the waste incineration fly ash with the washed waste incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =20, soaking for 30min, then filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m in a suction manner, and then drying for 24h at 105 ℃.
The treated fly ash was tested for heavy metal content using ICP-OES with the following results:
index (es) Cu Zn Pb Cd Ni Cl
mg/kg 321.8 212.5 167.0 201.4 14.3 1337.6
The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of waste incineration fly ash, 45 parts of ordinary portland cement, 35 parts of metakaolin, 7.5 parts of a water glass solution, 4 parts of a NaOH solution, 2.5 parts of polypropylene fiber and 17 parts of deionized water.
The waste incineration fly ash, the ordinary portland cement and the metakaolin are stirred in a stirrer at a low speed of 130rpm for 4min, then the water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fiber and the deionized water are mixed and added into the stirrer, the mixture is stirred at a low speed of 130rpm for 2min, and then the mixture is stirred at a high speed of 300rpm for 3min. And then pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating and compacting for molding, then placing the mold into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing, curing for 30min at 65 ℃, then curing for 30min at 85 ℃, and performing steam curing for 5h under the steam condition of 85 ℃ after the microwave curing is finished. And demolding, and curing for 28 days in an environment with the ambient temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%.
According to GB 26538-2011 'specifications of sintered insulating bricks and insulating blocks', the prepared solid waste insulating bricks are characterized, and the results are as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.32/W (m) 2 ·K) -1 And the 28d compressive strength is 27.65MPa, and the requirement of building construction is met.
Example 3
An alkali-activated lightweight prefabricated insulation brick for waste incineration fly ash is prepared by weighing 20 parts of waste incineration fly ash, mixing distilled water and the waste incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S = 20. Finally, 0.5mol/L NH is used 4 And (3) mixing OH and the waste incineration fly ash subjected to acid washing according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =15, soaking for 30min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24h at 105 ℃.
The treated fly ash was tested for heavy metal content using ICP-OES with the following results:
index (I) Cu Zn Pb Cd Ni Cl
mg/kg 132.9 175.2 140.7 52.1 11.3 974.5
The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of waste incineration fly ash, 50 parts of ordinary portland cement, 40 parts of metakaolin, 10 parts of a water glass solution, 5 parts of a NaOH solution, 3 parts of polypropylene fiber and 20 parts of deionized water.
The waste incineration fly ash, the ordinary portland cement and the metakaolin are stirred in a stirrer at a low speed of 150rpm for 5min, then the water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fiber and the deionized water are mixed and added into the stirrer, the mixture is stirred at a low speed of 150rpm for 2min, and then the mixture is stirred at a high speed of 400rpm for 4min. And then pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating and compacting for molding, then placing the mold into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing, curing for 30min at 65 ℃, then curing for 30min at 85 ℃, and performing steam curing for 5h under the steam condition of 85 ℃ after the microwave curing is finished. And then demoulding, and curing for 28 days in an environment with the ambient temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%.
According to GB 26538-2011 'specifications of sintered insulating bricks and insulating blocks', the prepared solid waste insulating bricks are characterized, and the results are as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.29/W (m) 2 ·K) -1 And the 28d compressive strength is 31.46MPa, and the requirement of building construction is met.
Comparative example 1:
an alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 0 part of waste incineration fly ash, 60 parts of ordinary portland cement, 40 parts of metakaolin, 10 parts of a water glass solution, 5 parts of a NaOH solution, 3 parts of polypropylene fiber and 20 parts of water.
Ordinary portland cement and metakaolin were slowly stirred in a stirrer at a speed of 130rpm for 5min, and then the water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fiber and water were mixed and added to the stirrer, and slowly stirred at a speed of 130rpm for 2min, and then rapidly stirred at a speed of 400rpm for 4min. And then pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating and compacting for molding, then placing the mold into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing, curing for 30min at 65 ℃, then curing for 30min at 85 ℃, and performing steam curing for 5h under the steam condition of 85 ℃ after the microwave curing is finished. And then demoulding, and curing for 28 days in an environment with the ambient temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%.
According to GB 26538-2011 'specification of sintered insulating bricks and insulating blocks', the prepared solid waste insulating bricks are characterized, and the results are as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.42/W (m) 2 ·K) -1 And the 28d compressive strength is 34.52MPa.
Comparative example 2:
an alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0 part of waste incineration fly ash, 100 parts of ordinary portland cement, 0 part of metakaolin, 0 part of water glass solution, 0 part of NaOH solution, 3 parts of polypropylene fiber and 35 parts of water.
The water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fiber and the water are mixed and added into a stirrer, then the ordinary portland cement is added into the stirrer, and the stirring is carried out for 2min at a slow speed of 130rpm and is carried out for 4min at a fast speed of 400 rpm.
And then pouring the stirred slurry into a mould, vibrating and compacting for forming, then placing the mould into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing, curing for 30min at 65 ℃, then curing for 30min at 85 ℃, and performing steam curing for 5h under the steam condition of 85 ℃ after the microwave curing is finished. And then demoulding, and curing for 28 days in an environment with the ambient temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%.
According to GB 26538-2011 'specifications of sintered insulating bricks and insulating blocks', the prepared solid waste insulating bricks are characterized, and the results are as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.38/W (m) 2 ·K) -1 And the 28d compressive strength is 37.23MPa.
Comparative example 3:
an alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0 part of waste incineration fly ash, 100 parts of ordinary portland cement, 0 part of metakaolin, 10 parts of water glass solution, 5 parts of NaOH solution, 3 parts of polypropylene fiber and 20 parts of water.
The water glass solution, the NaOH solution, the polypropylene fiber and the water are mixed and added into a stirrer, then the ordinary portland cement is added into the stirrer, and the stirring is carried out for 2min at a slow speed of 130rpm and is carried out for 4min at a fast speed of 400 rpm.
And then pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating and compacting for molding, then placing the mold into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing, curing for 30min at 65 ℃, then curing for 30min at 85 ℃, and performing steam curing for 5h under the steam condition of 85 ℃ after the microwave curing is finished. And then demoulding, and curing for 28 days in an environment with the ambient temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of 95%.
According to GB 26538-2011 'specifications of sintered insulating bricks and insulating blocks', the prepared solid waste insulating bricks are characterized, and the results are as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.44/W (m) 2 ·K) -1 And the 28d compressive strength is 41.69MPa.
The method realizes the reutilization of the municipal solid waste, applies the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to the building material, improves the utilization rate of the solid waste, and reduces the burden on the natural environment due to landfill. Aiming at the problems of high heavy metal content and high harmfulness of municipal refuse incineration fly ash, a combined pretreatment mode of water washing, acid washing and alkali washing is adopted to remove heavy metals in the incineration fly ash, so that the incineration fly ash is harmlessly applied to insulating bricks. The non-sintered insulating brick molding process is adopted, so that the energy consumption of the traditional sintered insulating brick is reduced, and the secondary carbon emission is reduced. And the compressive strength and the heat insulation coefficient of the solid waste heat insulation brick prepared by the invention also meet the requirements of building construction.

Claims (10)

1. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is characterized in that the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-20 parts of waste incineration fly ash, 40-50 parts of ordinary portland cement, 30-40 parts of metakaolin, 5-10 parts of water glass solution, 3-5 parts of NaOH solution, 2-3 parts of polypropylene fiber and 15-20 parts of deionized water.
2. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the waste incineration fly ash is less than or equal to 0.075mm, and the content of silicon element is more than or equal to 30%.
3. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waste incineration fly ash needs to be subjected to the pretreatment processes of water washing, acid washing and alkali washing, and the pretreatment process of the waste incineration fly ash specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, washing the waste incineration fly ash: distilled water and waste incineration fly ash are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =5-20:1, mixing, magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 20-40rpm for 15-30min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying at 105 ℃ for 24-48h;
step 2, acid washing process of the waste incineration fly ash: HCl or H with pH =1 to 2 2 SO 4 And mixing with the waste incineration fly ash after water washing according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =20-30:1, soaking for 30-40min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃;
step 3, alkali washing process of the waste incineration fly ash: 0.5mol/L NH was used 4 And (3) OH and the waste incineration fly ash after acid washing are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =10-15:1, soaking for 20-30min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃.
4. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ordinary Portland cement selects the ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade not lower than 42.5 grade.
5. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metakaolin is prepared by calcining kaolin at 700-800 ℃, and active SiO is prepared 2 Content is more than or equal to 50 percent, active Al 2 O 3 The content is more than or equal to 40 percent.
6. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of claim 1, characterized in that: the water glass solution and the NaOH solution form an alkali activator, the modulus of the water glass is 2.0-3.0, the NaOH is chemically pure, and the concentration is 2.0-3.0mol/L.
7. A method for preparing the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly weighing 15-20 parts of waste incineration fly ash, and then mixing distilled water and the waste incineration fly ash according to a liquid-solid ratio L/S =5-20:1, mixing, and magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 20-40rpm for 15-30min;
the second step is that: then pumping and filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, drying the solid-liquid mixture at 105 ℃ for 24-48H, and then adding HCl or H with pH = 1-2 2 SO 4 And mixing with the waste incineration fly ash after water washing according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =20-30:1, mixing and soaking for 30-40min;
the third step: then pumping and filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃;
the fourth step: finally, 0.5mol/L NH is used 4 OH and the waste incineration fly ash after acid washing are mixed according to the liquid-solid ratio L/S =10-15:1, mixing, soaking for 20-30min, filtering the stirred solid-liquid mixture through a filter membrane of 0.045 mu m, and drying for 24-48h at 105 ℃;
the fifth step: after the waste incineration fly ash is pretreated, weighing 40-50 parts of ordinary portland cement, 30-40 parts of metakaolin, 5-10 parts of water glass solution, 3-5 parts of NaOH solution and 2-3 parts of polypropylene fiber;
and a sixth step: stirring the waste incineration fly ash, the ordinary portland cement and the metakaolin in a stirrer at a low speed of 120-150rpm for 3-5min, then mixing and adding a water glass solution, a NaOH solution, polypropylene fibers and deionized water into the stirrer, stirring at a low speed of 120-150rpm for 1-2min, and then stirring at a high speed of 300-400rpm for 2-4min;
the seventh step: pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, vibrating for compacting and molding, then placing into a microwave material chamber for microwave curing at 65 ℃ for 30min, then curing at 85 ℃ for 30min, and performing steam curing at 85 ℃ for 5h after the microwave curing is finished;
eighth step: demolding, and curing at 20 + -2 deg.C and 95% relative humidity for 28d.
8. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash light prefabricated insulating brick is a cuboid and comprises a brick body (1), communicating holes (2), a polyurethane foam insulating layer (3) and a group of side semicircular grooves (4); three communicating holes (2) and two polyurethane foam heat-insulating layers (3) are arranged in each heat-insulating brick; two polyurethane foam heat-insulating layers (3) are respectively arranged among the three communication holes (2), wherein one communication hole (2) is arranged at the middle position of the heat-insulating brick.
9. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of claim 8, wherein: the group of side semicircular grooves (4) are distributed on the long sides and the short sides of the insulating brick, three side semicircular grooves (4) are evenly distributed on the long sides, and two side semicircular grooves (4) are evenly distributed on the short sides.
10. The alkali-activated garbage incineration fly ash lightweight prefabricated insulating brick of claim 8, wherein: the diameter distance a of the side semicircular groove (4) is smaller than or equal to the width b of the communicating hole (2), the width b of the communicating hole (2) is smaller than or equal to the width c of the polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer (3), the width c of the polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer (3) is smaller than or equal to the distance d between the two communicating holes (2) on the outer side and the side edge of the insulating brick, and the distance d between the two communicating holes (2) on the outer side and the side edge of the insulating brick is smaller than or equal to the thickness e of the insulating brick.
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