CN115465041A

CN115465041A - Whole vehicle thermal management system of fuel cell vehicle and control method

Info

Publication number: CN115465041A
Application number: CN202210942980.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何联格; 辛亚杰; 张岩; 胡远志; 林春景
Original assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Current assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Priority date: 2022-08-08
Filing date: 2022-08-08
Publication date: 2022-12-13

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of fuel cell automobiles, in particular to a thermal management technology of a fuel cell automobile, and specifically relates to a complete automobile thermal management system and a control method of the fuel cell automobile; the whole vehicle heat management system of the fuel cell vehicle provided by the invention utilizes the four-way valve and the three-way valve of the refrigerant loop and the five-way valve of the cooling liquid loop to change the refrigeration mode and the heating mode. In the heating mode, the waste heat of the motor and the heat pump air conditioner auxiliary PTC heater are fully utilized for heating, so that the power consumption of the whole system is reduced, and the cold start performance of the fuel cell automobile is improved; under the refrigeration mode, the waste heat of the fuel cell stack can be utilized to heat the cockpit, thereby reducing the waste of energy and increasing the driving range of the automobile.

Description

Whole vehicle thermal management system of fuel cell vehicle and control method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a thermal management technology of a fuel cell vehicle, and specifically relates to a complete vehicle thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle and a control method.

Background

Under the large background of global environmental pollution aggravation and energy shortage, the development of new energy automobiles is trending, and fuel cell automobiles become an important development direction with the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution, low noise and the like. With the continuous research on fuel cells, fuel cell vehicles are also being developed.

The existing whole fuel cell automobile heat management system has poor integration performance, each system is independent, and the whole automobile system is not well integrated, so that a lot of energy is wasted.

In a low-temperature environment, the fuel cell automobile needs to be heated when started, and in the prior art, a PTC heater is generally used for heating, so that the power consumption of the whole system is increased, and the driving range of the automobile is reduced.

Therefore, a thermal management system for a whole fuel cell vehicle is needed to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a whole vehicle thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle, and aims to solve a plurality of problems in the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

the whole vehicle thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle is applied to temperature regulation of a passenger compartment and a power part in the fuel cell vehicle, wherein the power part comprises a motor, a lithium battery and a fuel cell stack; the system comprises a heating loop and a refrigerating loop, wherein the heating loop and the refrigerating loop are switched by a four-way valve and a five-way valve; the heating loop comprises a compressor, a four-way valve, a battery cooler, a three-way valve, an evaporator, a first expansion valve, a first expansion kettle, a condenser, a four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a motor, a five-way valve, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, a third expansion kettle, a second water pump, a thermostat, a heat exchanger, a PTC heater and a third water pump, and is used for heating the lithium battery and the fuel cell stack; the refrigerating circuit comprises a motor, a five-way valve, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, a battery cooler, a third expansion kettle, a second water pump, a thermostat, a PTC heater, a third water pump, a compressor, a four-way valve, a condenser, a first expansion kettle, a first expansion valve, an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator, a second expansion valve, a three-way valve, a radiator, a thermostat, a warm air water tank and a fourth expansion kettle, and is used for refrigerating the passenger cabin, the lithium battery, the fuel cell stack and the motor.

Further, the heating loop comprises a heating refrigerant loop, and the heating refrigerant loop comprises a compressor, a four-way valve first passage, a battery cooler, a three-way valve first passage, an evaporator, a first expansion valve, a first expansion kettle, a condenser, a four-way valve second passage and a gas-liquid separator which are connected in sequence and used for heating the lithium battery and the fuel cell stack.

Furthermore, the heating loop further comprises a first heating cooling liquid loop which comprises a motor, a first five-way valve path, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, a battery cooler, a third expansion kettle, a second five-way valve path and a second water pump which are sequentially connected, and the first heating cooling liquid loop is used for heating the lithium battery and the fuel cell stack.

Furthermore, the heating loop also comprises a second heating cooling liquid loop which comprises a thermostat, a heat exchanger, a PTC heater and a third water pump which are sequentially connected and used for heating the fuel cell by electricity.

Furthermore, the refrigerating circuit comprises a first refrigerating refrigerant circuit which comprises a compressor, a third passage of a four-way valve, a condenser, a first expansion kettle, a first expansion valve, an evaporator and a fourth passage of the four-way valve which are connected in sequence and used for refrigerating the passenger compartment.

Furthermore, the refrigeration loop also comprises a second refrigeration refrigerant loop which comprises a compressor, a fifth path of a four-way valve, a condenser, a first expansion kettle, a second expansion valve, a first path of the three-way valve, a battery cooler, a sixth path of the four-way valve and a gas-liquid separator which are connected in sequence and used for cooling the lithium battery.

Furthermore, the refrigeration loop also comprises a first refrigeration coolant loop which comprises a first water pump, a five-way valve third path, a third expansion kettle, a battery cooler and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected and used for cooling the lithium battery.

Furthermore, the refrigeration loop also comprises a second refrigeration cooling liquid loop which is formed by sequentially connecting a fifth-way valve fourth path, a second expansion kettle, a radiator and a second water pump which are sequentially connected and used for cooling the motor.

Further, the refrigeration circuit further comprises a third refrigeration coolant circuit and a fourth refrigeration coolant circuit, and the third refrigeration coolant circuit and the fourth refrigeration coolant circuit are used for cooling the fuel cell stack; the third refrigeration cooling liquid loop comprises a fuel cell stack, a thermostat, a warm air water tank, a radiator, a fourth expansion kettle and a third water pump which are sequentially connected, and the fourth refrigeration cooling liquid loop comprises the thermostat, a heat exchanger, a PTC heater and the third water pump which are sequentially connected.

The invention also provides a control method based on the whole fuel cell automobile heat management system, and the whole fuel cell automobile heat management system based on any one of the above comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of obtaining a vehicle state, obtaining the temperature and the ambient temperature of a lithium battery, a motor and a fuel cell stack, and selecting a heat management mode, wherein the heat management mode comprises the following steps: a passenger compartment cooling mode, a lithium battery heating mode, a fuel cell stack cooling mode, a fuel cell stack heating mode, and a motor cooling mode.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme:

the whole vehicle heat management system of the fuel cell vehicle provided by the invention utilizes the four-way valve and the three-way valve of the refrigerant loop and the five-way valve of the cooling liquid loop to change the refrigeration mode and the heating mode. In the heating mode, the waste heat of the motor and the heat pump air conditioner auxiliary PTC heater are fully utilized for heating, so that the power consumption of the whole system is reduced, and the cold start performance of the fuel cell automobile is improved; under the refrigeration mode, the waste heat of the fuel cell stack can be utilized to heat the cockpit, thereby reducing the waste of energy and increasing the driving range of the automobile.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a pipeline of a complete vehicle thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a pipeline of a complete vehicle thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle provided by the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a five-way valve structure provided by the invention.

Icon:

100-a whole fuel cell automobile heat management system;

110-a motor; 120-a lithium battery; 130-fuel cell stack; 140-four-way valve; 150-five way valve; 160-three-way valve; 170-a compressor; 180-a battery cooler; 190-PTC heater;

101-a first expansion valve; 102-a first expansion tank; 103-a first water pump; 104-a second expansion valve; 105-a second expansion tank; 106-a third water pump; 107-an evaporator; 108-a condenser; 109-a gas-liquid separator; 1010-heat exchanger; 1011-thermostat; 1012-warm air water tank; 1013-fourth expansion kettle.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, and are only used for convenience of describing and simplifying the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements can be directly connected with each other or indirectly connected with each other through an intermediate medium, and the two elements can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those skilled in the art.

The following specifically describes the overall thermal management system 100100 of the fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention:

the present embodiment provides a complete vehicle thermal management system 100 for a fuel cell vehicle, which is applied to temperature regulation of a passenger compartment and a power component in the fuel cell vehicle, where the power component is, in the present embodiment, a lithium battery 120, a fuel cell pack, and a motor 110. The control system comprises a plurality of loops, specifically two integral heating loops and cooling loops which are determined based on a control mode, wherein the heating loops are used for preheating a refrigerant loop, the refrigerant preheating loops are used for heating and controlling the battery pack and the fuel cell stack 130, and the cooling loops are used for cooling and controlling the passenger compartment, the motor 110, the lithium battery 120 and the fuel cell pack.

In the present embodiment, the above cooling circuit, heating circuit, and thermal management of the corresponding power components and passenger compartment are mainly realized by switching the circuits through four-way valve 140 and five-way valve 150.

For the system mainly including a plurality of control components and a plurality of working components, the above control components and working components are first described.

Wherein include for the heating circuit: the system comprises a compressor 170, a four-way valve 140, a battery cooler 180, a three-way valve 160, an evaporator 107, a first expansion valve 101, a first expansion water kettle 102, a condenser 108, the four-way valve 140, a gas-liquid separator 109, a motor 110, a five-way valve 150, a first water pump 103, a heat exchanger 1010, a third expansion water kettle, a second water pump, a thermostat 1011, the heat exchanger 1010, a PTC heater 190 and a third water pump 106, and is used for heating a lithium battery 120 and a fuel cell stack.

It comprises for the refrigeration circuit: the electric motor 110, the five-way valve 150, the first water pump 103, the heat exchanger 1010, the battery cooler 180, the third expansion tank, the second water pump, the thermostat 1011, the PTC heater 190, the third water pump 106, the compressor 170, the four-way valve 140, the condenser 108, the first expansion tank 102, the first expansion valve 101, the evaporator 107, the gas-liquid separator 109, the second expansion valve 104, the three-way valve 160, the radiator, the thermostat 1011, the warm air water tank 1012, and the fourth expansion tank 1013 are used for refrigerating the passenger compartment, the lithium battery 120, the fuel cell stack 130, and the electric motor 110.

In addition, the present embodiment further provides a control method of the entire thermal management system 100 of the fuel cell vehicle, so as to implement thermal control.

The specific method comprises the following steps: acquiring a vehicle state, acquiring the temperatures of the motor 110, the lithium battery 120 and the fuel cell stack 130 and the ambient temperature of a passenger compartment, and selecting a thermal management mode, wherein the thermal management mode comprises the following steps: a passenger compartment heating mode, a battery pack cooling mode, and a passenger compartment dehumidification reheating mode.

Since the overall thermal management system 100 of the fuel cell vehicle provided by the embodiment is loop management, the components of the overall thermal management system are not changed but the path and the loop structure of the overall thermal management system are changed in different modes. In the present embodiment, the thermal management system includes a heating mode and a cooling mode, and the above two different modes are now described in detail.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a loop structure of a thermal management system in a heating mode, specifically:

the main circuit structure includes a heating circuit and a cooling circuit, and in this embodiment, the heating circuit includes a heating refrigerant circuit, a first heating coolant circuit, and a second heating coolant circuit, where the heating refrigerant circuit heats the lithium battery 120 and the fuel cell stack. The heating loop comprises a heating refrigerant loop, a first heating cooling liquid loop and a second heating cooling liquid loop. The refrigeration circuit comprises a first refrigeration refrigerant circuit, a second refrigeration refrigerant circuit, a first refrigeration cooling liquid circuit, a second refrigeration cooling liquid circuit, a third refrigeration cooling liquid circuit and a fourth refrigeration cooling liquid circuit.

The heating refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 170, a first path of a four-way valve 140, a battery cooler 180, a first path of a three-way valve, an evaporator 107, a first expansion valve 101, a first expansion tank 102, a condenser 108, a second path of the four-way valve 140, and a gas-liquid separator 109, which are connected in sequence. For heating the lithium battery 120 and the fuel cell stack.

In this embodiment, referring to FIG. 1, the first path of four-way valve 140 is the D-C connection path, the second path of four-way valve 140 is the A-B connection path, and the first path of three-way valve is the A-B connection path.

The first heating coolant loop comprises a motor 110, a first five-way valve passage, a first water pump 103, a heat exchanger 1010, a battery cooler 180, a third expansion water kettle, a second five-way valve passage and a second water pump which are sequentially connected. For heating the lithium battery 120 and the fuel cell stack. Wherein the second water pump pushes the cooling fluid to circulate, and the heat exchanger 1010 enables the lithium battery 120 system to exchange heat with the fuel cell stack system.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the first path of the five-way valve is a D-E end connection path of the five-way valve, and the second path of the five-way valve is an a-C end connection path of the five-way valve.

The second heating coolant circuit includes an economizer 1011, a heat exchanger 1010, a PTC heater 190, and a third water pump 106 connected in this order. The thermostat 1011 is used for heating the fuel cell stack, and adjusts the opening degree of the two loop ports according to the temperature to adjust the flow of the cooling liquid of the two loops, and the PTC heater 190 heats the cooling liquid.

In this embodiment, for the heating circuit, the ends a-C and D-E of the five-way valve are connected, the ends a-B and D-C of the four-way valve 140 are connected, and the ends a-B of the three-way valve are connected, so that the cooling of the motor 110 and the cooling of the lithium battery 120 are connected in series, the PTC heater 190, the heat exchanger 1010 and the battery cooler 180 are turned on, the thermostat 1011 only turns on the second heating coolant circuit, and the PTC heater 190, the heat pump air conditioner and the residual heat of the motor 110 heat the lithium battery 120 and the fuel cell stack.

The first refrigeration refrigerant loop in the refrigeration loop comprises a compressor 170, a third path of a four-way valve, a condenser 108, a first expansion kettle 102, a first expansion valve 101, an evaporator 107 and a fourth path of the four-way valve which are connected in sequence and used for refrigerating a passenger compartment.

Referring to fig. 2, a third path of the four-way valve is a connection path of the a-D ends of the four-way valve, and a fourth path of the four-way valve is a connection path of the B-C ends of the four-way valve.

The second refrigeration refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 170, a fifth path of a four-way valve, a condenser 108, a first expansion tank 102, a second expansion valve 104, a first path of a three-way valve, a battery cooler 180, a sixth path of a four-way valve, and a gas-liquid separator 109, which are connected in sequence, and is used for cooling the lithium battery 120.

Referring to fig. 2, the fifth path of the four-way valve is a connection path of the a-D ends of the four-way valve, the first path of the three-way valve is a connection path of the a-C ends of the three-way valve, and the sixth path of the four-way valve is a connection path of the B-C ends of the four-way valve.

The first refrigeration coolant loop comprises a first water pump 103, a five-way valve third path, a third expansion kettle, a battery cooler 180 and a heat exchanger 1010 which are sequentially connected and used for cooling the lithium battery 120.

Referring to fig. 2, the third path of the five-way valve in the present embodiment is the connection path of the ends a-E of the five-way valve.

For the second refrigeration coolant loop, the five-way valve fourth path, the second expansion kettle 105, the radiator and the second water pump which are connected in sequence to form the second refrigeration coolant loop, and the second refrigeration coolant loop is used for cooling the motor 110.

Referring to fig. 2, the fourth path of the five-way valve is a B-D end connecting path of the five-way valve.

The third refrigeration coolant loop comprises a fuel cell stack, a thermostat 1011, a warm air water tank 1012, a radiator, a fourth expansion kettle 1013 and a third water pump 106 which are connected in sequence. Wherein, the warm air water tank 1012 is heated by using the high-temperature cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack system

The fourth refrigeration coolant loop includes a thermostat 1011, a heat exchanger 1010, a PTC heater 190, and a third water pump 106 connected in series.

In this embodiment, for the refrigeration circuit, the five-way valves a-E and B-D are connected, the four-way valves a-B and D-C are connected, the three-way valves a-C are connected, the battery cooler 180 is turned on, the PTC heater 190 and the heat exchanger 1010 are turned off, the thermostat 1011 adjusts the flow rates of the cooling liquids of the two circuits, i.e., the third refrigeration cooling liquid circuit and the fourth refrigeration cooling liquid circuit, according to the temperature of the fuel cell, the lithium battery 120 is cooled by the heat pump air conditioning system, the motor 110 and the fuel cell stack are cooled by the respective cooling systems, and the passenger compartment is heated by the blower using the residual heat of the fuel cell stack as required. The hot air heating device is started according to the requirement of the blower, and is used for blowing the hot air kettle heated by the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack cooling system to heat the passenger compartment.

The five-way valve is controlled by the motor 110 to rotate to change the cooling liquid flow channel, so as to switch between two modes of heating and cooling. Referring to fig. 3, the five-way valve is cylindrical as a whole, and five cooling fluid channels are uniformly distributed, and when the mode is switched, the motor 110 controls the cooling fluid channels to rotate, and the flow direction of the cooling fluid is changed accordingly.

In the present embodiment, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell vehicle thermal management system is applied to temperature regulation of a passenger cabin and a power component in a fuel cell vehicle, and is characterized in that the power component comprises a motor, a lithium battery and a fuel cell stack; the system comprises a heating loop and a refrigerating loop, wherein the heating loop and the refrigerating loop are switched by a four-way valve and a five-way valve; the heating loop comprises a compressor, a four-way valve, a battery cooler, a three-way valve, an evaporator, a first expansion valve, a first expansion kettle, a condenser, a four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a motor, a five-way valve, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, a third expansion kettle, a second water pump, a thermostat, a heat exchanger, a PTC heater and a third water pump, and is used for heating the lithium battery and the fuel cell stack; the refrigeration loop comprises a motor, a five-way valve, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, a battery cooler, a third expansion kettle, a second water pump, a thermostat, a PTC heater, a third water pump, a compressor, a four-way valve, a condenser, a first expansion kettle, a first expansion valve, an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator, a second expansion valve, a three-way valve, a radiator, a thermostat, a warm air water tank and a fourth expansion kettle, and is used for refrigerating the passenger compartment, the lithium battery, the fuel cell stack and the motor.

2. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the heating loop comprises a heating refrigerant loop, and the heating refrigerant loop comprises a compressor, a four-way valve first passage, a battery cooler, a three-way valve first passage, an evaporator, a first expansion valve, a first expansion kettle, a condenser, a four-way valve second passage, and a gas-liquid separator which are connected in sequence, and is used for heating the lithium battery and the fuel cell stack.

3. The complete vehicle heat management system of the fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heating loop further comprises a first heating coolant loop, which comprises a motor, a first five-way valve first path, a first water pump, a heat exchanger, a battery cooler, a third expansion kettle, a second five-way valve second path and a second water pump, which are connected in sequence, and are used for heating the lithium battery and the fuel cell stack.

4. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the heating circuit further comprises a second heating coolant circuit comprising a thermostat, a heat exchanger, a PTC heater and a third water pump connected in sequence for electrically heating the fuel cell.

5. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration circuit comprises a first refrigeration refrigerant circuit, and the first refrigeration refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor, a third passage of a four-way valve, a condenser, a first expansion kettle, a first expansion valve, an evaporator, and a fourth passage of a four-way valve, which are connected in sequence, and is used for refrigerating the passenger compartment.

6. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the refrigeration loop further comprises a second refrigeration refrigerant loop, which comprises a compressor, a fifth path of a four-way valve, a condenser, a first expansion kettle, a second expansion valve, a first path of a three-way valve, a battery cooler, a sixth path of the four-way valve, and a gas-liquid separator, which are connected in sequence, and is used for cooling the lithium battery.

7. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the refrigeration circuit further comprises a first refrigeration coolant circuit, and the first refrigeration coolant circuit comprises a first water pump, a five-way valve third passage, a third expansion kettle, a battery cooler and a heat exchanger which are connected in sequence and used for cooling the lithium battery.

8. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the refrigeration circuit further comprises a second refrigeration coolant circuit, and the second refrigeration coolant circuit comprises a fifth-way valve fourth passage, a second expansion kettle, a radiator and a second water pump which are sequentially connected and are used for cooling the motor.

9. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the refrigeration circuit further comprises a third refrigeration coolant circuit and a fourth refrigeration coolant circuit for cooling the fuel cell stack; the third refrigeration coolant liquid loop comprises a fuel cell stack, a thermostat, a warm air water tank, a radiator, a fourth expansion kettle and a third water pump which are sequentially connected, and the fourth refrigeration coolant liquid loop comprises the thermostat, a heat exchanger, a PTC heater and the third water pump which are sequentially connected.

10. A control method of a thermal management system of a whole fuel cell vehicle is characterized in that the thermal management system of the whole fuel cell vehicle based on any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a vehicle state, obtaining the temperature and the ambient temperature of a lithium battery, a motor and a fuel cell stack, and selecting a heat management mode, wherein the heat management mode comprises the following steps: a passenger compartment cooling mode, a lithium battery heating mode, a fuel cell stack cooling mode, a fuel cell stack heating mode, and a motor cooling mode.