CN115462313B - Bean variety breeding method special for bean curd - Google Patents
Bean variety breeding method special for bean curd Download PDFInfo
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- CN115462313B CN115462313B CN202211281881.XA CN202211281881A CN115462313B CN 115462313 B CN115462313 B CN 115462313B CN 202211281881 A CN202211281881 A CN 202211281881A CN 115462313 B CN115462313 B CN 115462313B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soybean variety breeding method special for bean curd. The method comprises (1) establishing a special variety quality analysis and evaluation system for bean curd, collecting and sorting the promoted soybean variety and the independently bred stable variety or strain, identifying soybean yield and quality index by a wide, fine and excellent three-step screening method, and (2) classifying and sorting breeding materials by using the special variety quality analysis and evaluation system for bean curd established in the earlier stage, and screening high-yield and high-protein materials in the breeding materials as parents. The method for breeding soybean varieties is efficient, and the obtained varieties have high bean curd yield and excellent bean curd quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soybean variety breeding, in particular to a soybean variety breeding method special for bean curd.
Background
Soybeans are native in China, are the most important grain and oil crops in the world, are the main sources of high-quality proteins and grease for human beings, and are widely planted worldwide.
The soybean variety resources in China are very rich, and the planted soybeans are all non-transgenic edible soybeans, and have great advantages in terms of variety number and raw material quality.
However, as the soybean in China does not form a special, organized and large-scale planting mode, the soybean is mainly planted by scattered households, so that mixed planting and mixed harvest of different varieties of soybeans are caused, common households do not have the capabilities of raw material treatment, impurity removal and quality control, and enterprises are limited to purchase a large amount of raw materials with low impurities and uniform and stable quality. As a result, the soybeans are misplaced during processing, high-protein soybeans are purchased by oil processing enterprises, and high-oil soybeans are purchased by bean product enterprises, so that the special soybean production and planting in China has the problems of poor commodity quality, low yield, high cost, low comparative benefit and the like compared with other countries. While a lot of special varieties suitable for processing bean products are cultivated by breeding workers, when the special varieties of the beans are cultivated, the protein content and the high fat content are excessively enhanced, other nutrition indexes such as stachyose, sucrose, free amino acid content and unsaturated fatty acid content which have great influence on the quality of the bean products are ignored, advanced experience of developed countries is used for reference, the breeding targets and concepts are adjusted, and the special and specialized planting level of the beans in China is improved.
In conclusion, the special variety lacks, the breeding target and the evaluation system are single, so that the excellent characteristic advantages of non-transgene, high protein and the like of the soybeans in China cannot be exerted.
Therefore, aiming at the problems, the invention provides a soybean variety breeding method special for bean curd.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a soybean variety breeding method special for bean curd,
a soybean variety breeding method special for bean curd is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of establishing a bean curd special variety quality analysis and evaluation system, collecting and finishing the popularized soybean variety and the independently bred stable variety or strain, and identifying soybean yield and quality indexes by a wide, fine and excellent three-step screening method:
the first step is to screen the output and protein of all varieties, select materials with high and stable output and higher crude protein content (more than 40 percent),
the second step of fine screening the variety index of the variety obtained in the first step, selecting the variety with high content of soluble protein, large 11S/7S ratio, high fat content and low phytic acid,
thirdly, determining nutrition indexes of soybean seeds in the varieties obtained in the second step, wherein the nutrition indexes comprise soluble sugar, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid, selecting varieties with high nutrition quality for laboratory small sample bean curd yield and quality precision analysis, performing full-automatic bean curd special production on the varieties with high yield and good quality, adopting a bean curd large sample processing method consistent with the production, further determining bean curd yield and quality, analyzing the correlation with various indexes of the varieties, and establishing and perfecting a bean curd special variety quality analysis and evaluation system;
preferably, the crude protein content of the variety selected in the first step is more than 40%, the soluble protein content of the variety selected in the second step is more than 30%, the ratio of 11S/7S is 1, the fat content is 20% -22%, and the phytic acid content is 10-22mg/g;
(2) Sorting and finishing breeding materials by utilizing a pre-established special variety quality analysis and evaluation system for bean curd, and screening high-yield and high-protein materials in the breeding materials as parents, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
step one, using a high-yield disease-resistant variety A as a female parent and a high-protein large-grain variety B as a male parent, performing hybridization pollination, removing pseudo-hybrids and labels which are not successfully pollinated after pollination for one week, reducing the impurity removal work in the second year, obtaining hybrid seeds F1 in the current year,
sowing F1 in the next year, obtaining F2 seeds through strict selfing,
sowing F2 in the third year, screening high-yield and stable-yield single plants, reserving seeds of the single plants to obtain F3 seeds,
sowing F3, strictly selfing, screening plants with similar appearance characteristics, high yield, stable yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance, carrying out mixed seed collection to obtain F4 seeds,
step five, repeating the step four to obtain the F5-F6 seeds, and finely screening stable strains with high protein content, high fat content, high 11S/7S ratio and low phytic acid content,
step six, carrying out small-area selfing propagation on the stable strain obtained in the step five, carrying out laboratory small sample bean curd yield and quality measurement, finely screening seeds F7 with high bean curd yield and good bean curd quality,
and seventh, analyzing the nutrition quality of F7, selecting strains with high contents of soluble sugar, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid, analyzing the yield and quality of the automatic large-sample bean curd, and finally obtaining the special soybean variety with high bean curd yield and excellent bean curd quality consistent with processing through propagation and national and provincial area test identification.
In the step (2), in the step six, preferably, the selected variety satisfies more than 70g of hundred gram dry-base dry bean curd.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the special variety of the bean curd is accurately screened, the efficiency is high, and the obtained variety is consistent with the special soybean variety with high bean curd yield and excellent bean curd quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a soybean variety breeding method for tofu according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in figure 1, the soybean variety breeding method special for the bean curd is provided. The method comprises the following steps: (1) The method comprises the steps of establishing a bean curd special variety quality analysis and evaluation system, collecting and finishing the popularized soybean variety and the independently bred stable variety or strain, and identifying soybean yield and quality indexes by a wide, fine and excellent three-step screening method:
the first step is to screen the output and protein of all varieties, and select materials with high and stable output and higher crude protein content (more than 40 percent);
the second step is to carry out variety index fine screening on the variety obtained in the first step, and select varieties with high content of soluble protein (more than 30%), large 11S/7S ratio (more than 1), high fat content (20% -22%) and low phytic acid (10-22 mg/g);
and thirdly, measuring nutrition indexes of soybean seeds in the varieties obtained in the second step, wherein the nutrition indexes comprise soluble sugar, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid, selecting varieties with high nutrition quality for laboratory small sample bean curd yield and quality precision analysis, carrying out full-automatic bean curd special production on the varieties with high yield and good quality, adopting a bean curd large sample processing method consistent with the production, further measuring the bean curd yield and quality, analyzing the correlation with various indexes of the varieties, and establishing and perfecting a special variety quality analysis and evaluation system for bean curd.
(2) Sorting and finishing breeding materials by utilizing a pre-established special variety quality analysis and evaluation system for bean curd, and screening high-yield and high-protein materials in the breeding materials as parents, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
step one, using a high-yield disease-resistant variety A as a female parent and a high-protein large-grain variety B as a male parent, performing hybridization pollination, removing pseudo-hybrids and labels which are not successfully pollinated after pollination for one week, reducing the impurity removal work in the second year, obtaining hybrid seeds F1 in the current year,
sowing F1 in the next year, obtaining F2 seeds through strict selfing,
sowing F2 in the third year, screening high-yield and stable-yield single plants, reserving seeds of the single plants to obtain F3 seeds,
sowing F3, strictly selfing, screening plants with similar appearance characteristics, high yield, stable yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance, carrying out mixed seed collection to obtain F4 seeds,
step five, repeating the step four to obtain the F5-F6 seeds, and finely screening stable strains with high protein content, high fat content, high 11S/7S ratio and low phytic acid content,
step six, carrying out small-area selfing propagation on the stable strain obtained in the step five, carrying out laboratory small sample bean curd yield and quality measurement, finely screening seeds F7 with high bean curd yield (more than 70g of hundred gram dry-base dry bean curd) and excellent bean curd quality,
and seventh, analyzing the nutrition quality of F7, selecting strains with high contents of soluble sugar, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid, analyzing the yield and quality of the automatic large-sample bean curd, and finally obtaining the special soybean variety with high bean curd yield and excellent bean curd quality consistent with processing through propagation and national and provincial area test identification.
Examples:
1. the self-contained SiDou 10309 (Sidi No. 4 Xnan Cheng 20) is used as female parent, the variety features high yield and disease resistance, the Nan agricultural soybean is used as male parent, high protein, high fat, big pod and large grain, no lodging resistance, and F1 seeds are obtained by hybridization, and the seeds are harvested by multiple mixed strains.
2. And (3) drill sowing F1 seeds, self-pollination, impurity removal and weak plant removal, and mixed seed collection to obtain F2.
3. F2 seeds are sowed, comprehensive properties and yield are inspected in a flowering period and a harvesting period, single plants with consistent properties and high and stable yield are selected for classified harvesting, and the seeds F3 are obtained.
4. And (3) sorting the drill seeds, screening the dominant single plants with high yield, stable yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance, and carrying out strict selfing seed reserving to obtain F4 seeds.
5. And (3) measuring the crude protein and crude fat content of the F4 seeds by adopting an infrared cereal quality analyzer, primarily screening high-protein and high-fat single plants, and carrying out selfing and mixing according to the appearance shape to obtain the F5 seeds.
6. And further analyzing the quality of the seeds of F5, including water-soluble protein content, 11S/7S ratio, phytic acid content and the like, screening dominant single plants or strains with good comprehensive quality, and carrying out selfing seed reserving to obtain F6.
7. And analyzing the bean curd yield and quality (color forming, hardness, brittleness, taste and the like) of the F6 seeds by adopting a small sample in a laboratory, and screening the strains with high yield and excellent quality to propagate and reserve the seeds to obtain the F7.
8. And (3) analyzing the yield and quality of the large-sample bean curd by using a full-automatic bean curd production technology, and combining with measurement of nutrient components (soluble sugar, amino acid and the like), and selecting a strain with high yield, good quality and high nutritive value for propagation and seed reservation to obtain F8.
9. The soybean variety special for the bean curd with excellent quality is bred through the method, named SiDou 176, participates in a national or provincial area test, carries out multipoint identification and is popularized and applied.
Variety characterization of SiDou 176: the early-maturing summer soybean strain in Huaibei has 104 days of full growth period, limited pod bearing habit, purple flowers, palm fibers, good defoliation, no pod cracking, oval seeds, yellow seed coats and black umbilicus, and hundred grains with the weight of 32.6 g, and the average mu yield of 203.3 kg in 2019-2020 is increased by 5.5 percent compared with that of the control. The method is suitable for bean curd processing varieties, the crude protein content is 43.1%, the crude fat content is 21.0%, the yield of hundred gram dry-basis wet bean curd is 280.6g, and is more than 50% higher than that of control Xu Dou, the yield of hundred gram dry-basis dry bean curd is 73.0g, the 11S content is 4.68ug/g, the 11S/7S ratio is 1.1, and the method is the first of the test varieties.
Claims (1)
1. A soybean variety breeding method special for bean curd is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of establishing a bean curd special variety quality analysis and evaluation system, collecting and finishing the popularized soybean variety and the independently bred stable variety or strain, and identifying soybean yield and quality indexes by a three-step screening method: the method comprises the steps of firstly, screening the yield and protein of all varieties, selecting materials with high yield and stable yield and crude protein content, secondly, carrying out variety index fine screening on the varieties obtained in the first step, selecting varieties with high soluble protein content, large 11S/7S ratio, high fat content and low phytic acid, thirdly, measuring the nutrition indexes of soybean seeds in the varieties obtained in the second step, including soluble sugar, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid, selecting varieties with high nutrition quality, carrying out laboratory small sample bean curd yield and quality precision analysis, carrying out full-automatic bean curd special production on the varieties with high yield and good quality, adopting a bean curd large sample processing method consistent with the production, carrying out further measurement on bean curd yield and quality, analyzing the correlation with various indexes of the varieties, and establishing and perfecting a special variety quality analysis and evaluation system;
wherein, the crude protein content of the variety selected in the first step is more than 40%, the soluble protein content of the variety selected in the second step is more than 30%, the ratio of 11S/7S is 1, the fat content is 20-22%, and the phytic acid content is 10-22mg/g;
(2) Sorting and finishing breeding materials by utilizing a pre-established special variety quality analysis and evaluation system for bean curd, and screening high-yield and high-protein materials in the breeding materials as parents, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
step one, using a high-yield disease-resistant variety A as a female parent and a high-protein large-grain variety B as a male parent, performing hybridization pollination, removing pseudo-hybrids and labels which are not successfully pollinated after pollination for one week, reducing the impurity removal work in the second year, obtaining hybrid seeds F1 in the current year,
sowing F1 in the next year, obtaining F2 seeds through strict selfing,
sowing F2 in the third year, screening high-yield and stable-yield single plants, reserving seeds of the single plants to obtain F3 seeds,
sowing F3, strictly selfing, screening plants with similar appearance characteristics, high yield, stable yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance, carrying out mixed seed collection to obtain F4 seeds,
step five, repeating the step four to obtain the F5-F6 seeds, and finely screening stable strains with high protein content, high fat content, high 11S/7S ratio and low phytic acid content,
step six, carrying out small-area selfing propagation on the stable strain obtained in the step five, carrying out laboratory small sample bean curd yield and quality measurement, finely screening seeds F7 with high bean curd yield and good bean curd quality,
and seventh, analyzing the nutrition quality of F7, selecting strains with high contents of soluble sugar, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid, and analyzing the yield and quality of the large sample bean curd to obtain the special soybean variety with high bean curd yield and excellent bean curd quality consistent with processing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5945583A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-08-31 | Asgrow Seed Company | Soybean cultivar 92160630750456 |
| EP0973913B1 (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2005-08-10 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Soybean plant producing seeds with reduced levels of raffinose saccharides and phytic acid |
| CN112335512A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-09 | 阜新宇普乐航天育种生态科技有限公司 | Soybean breeding process and planting method thereof |
| CN113317196A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-31 | 苏州金记食品有限公司 | Creation method for processing special soybean protein germplasm |
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