CN115453620A - AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion, which comprises the following steps: performing spectrum analysis and comparison on the pre-stack CRP gather, and extracting seismic wavelets corresponding to the near-far offset gather; calculating the similarity between the simulated far-offset gather seismic wavelets and the far-offset gather seismic wavelets extracted from practice, and evaluating the prior Q quality representing the stratum absorption attenuation effect; on the basis of an unsteady convolution model, an unsteady inversion frame is constructed by combining a prior Q model, and a reflection coefficient sequence is obtained through inversion; and selecting proper seismic wavelets and inversion reflection coefficient sequences to reconstruct to obtain a prestack CRP gather with relatively good AVO amplitude preservation. The method can effectively improve the AVO amplitude preservation of the prestack CRP gather, thereby better serving the subsequent AVO analysis, prestack inversion and other work and providing powerful support for exploration and development well position deployment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seismic data processing technology in the field of oil exploration, in particular to an AVO correction method for stratum absorption attenuation compensation based on unsteady state inversion.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the exploration and development degree and difficulty, the cost of oil and gas development is gradually increased, and the geological exploration target is gradually changed from a constructed oil reservoir to a lithologic oil and gas reservoir. For lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs, the post-stack seismic reservoir inversion method often has multi-solution property. The prestack gather contains richer lithology and oil gas information, so that prestack inversion is widely applied to lithology prediction and fluid detection. As an input to the prestack inversion, CRP gather quality has a significant impact on the inversion accuracy. However, due to the viscoelasticity of the formation, amplitude attenuation and frequency reduction phenomena often occur during seismic wave propagation, which leads to the AVO trend of the prestack CRP gathers of well-to-well seismic mismatch. Therefore, aiming at the disorder of the AVO (amplitude variation with offset) variation rule of the prestack CRP gather, the adoption of an effective AVO amplitude-preserving technology to improve the CRP gather quality is particularly important.
The underground medium has viscoelasticity, seismic waves are accompanied by an absorption attenuation phenomenon when passing underground, and therefore the far-offset gather frequency and amplitude in the acquired prestack CRP are rapidly attenuated, and AVO amplitude retention is poor. The degree of absorption attenuation of the formation is related to the propagation path, and seismic waves are attenuated in both depth and offset directions during propagation. Most of the conventional AVO correction methods focus on compensating formation attenuation along the offset direction, so that the purpose of correcting AVO trend is achieved. These correction methods do not compensate for the amount of seismic wave attenuation due to depth.
At present, methods for calibrating and optimizing AVO of a prestack CRP gather mainly comprise a seismic offset balance method, an inversion calibration method, such as a spectrum inversion technology, an offset Q compensation calibration method, a low-frequency AVO trend constraint calibration method and the like. The seismic offset equalization method and the offset Q compensation correction method correct only the attenuation of seismic waves in the offset direction, but do not correct the depth-dependent formation absorption attenuation. The spectrum inversion technology usually utilizes the steady state seismic wavelet to realize the spectrum whitening process of the seismic data, and does not consider the actual attenuation rule of the seismic wave in the stratum propagation process. When the seismic waves are attenuated in a viscoelastic medium, high frequency is rapidly attenuated, the AVO trend of the low-frequency component of the prestack gather is relatively stable, and the AVO trend is taken as a constraint to correct the AVO trend of the high-frequency component of the prestack CRP gather, namely a low-frequency AVO trend constraint correction method. Although the method improves the AVO amplitude preservation of the prestack gather to a certain extent, the attenuation is not compensated from the actual propagation rule of the seismic waves like a spectral inversion technology correction method. At present, no mature and stable processing technology is formed for the AVO correction problem of the prestack CRP gather.
Disclosure of Invention
On the premise of considering AVO rule distortion brought by stratum absorption attenuation and aiming at the technical problem of poor AVO amplitude preservation of the prestack CRP gather in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion, which realizes AVO correction by reconstructing a prestack CRP gather, and comprises the following steps:
d＝G(Q)r
step 9, selecting proper seismic wavelets w res And (5) performing convolution operation on the reflection coefficient sequence r obtained in the step (8), and analyzing the AVO variation trend after Q attenuation compensation aiming at the target layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the formation viscoelasticity absorption attenuation compensation in the seismic wave propagation process can be realized, the AVO amplitude preservation performance of the pre-stack CRP gather is improved, and the pre-stack gather can be better applied to AVO analysis, NMO correction, pre-stack inversion and the like;
2. based on the absorption attenuation rule of the stratum in the seismic wave propagation process, combining the prior Q information, and utilizing the near offset gather seismic wavelets to simulate the far offset gather seismic wavelets to evaluate the quality of the provided Q model;
3. compared with the conventional prestack steady-state inversion, the unsteady-state inversion can reconstruct a prestack gather with higher resolution, can eliminate vertical and transverse absorption attenuation effects caused by formation viscoelasticity, and achieves the purpose of AVO correction of the prestack gather.
4. The method realizes efficient Q attenuation compensation of the underground attenuation medium, improves the amplitude preservation of the AVO of the prestack CRP gather, further better serves the subsequent AVO analysis, prestack inversion and other work, and provides powerful support for exploration and development well position deployment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of an unattenuated prestack gather synthesis record, in which (2 a) is a synthesized unattenuated prestack Common Reflection Point (CRP) gather, the synthetic record selects a Rake wavelet with a dominant frequency of 50Hz, and (2 b) is a corresponding AVO change curve of the prestack gather;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph of a synthetic attenuated prestack gather record, where (3 a) is the synthetic prestack Common Reflection Point (CRP) attenuated gather, the initial wavelet selected for the synthetic record is the Rake wavelet with dominant frequency of 50Hz, quality factor Q =60, and (3 b) is the corresponding AVO curve of the prestack gather;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary graph of extracted near-offset gather seismic wavelets (The near-offset wavelet), extracted far-offset gather seismic wavelets (The far-offset wavelets), and far-offset gather seismic wavelets (The simulated far-offset gather wavelets) simulated using The extracted near-offset gather wavelets and a priori Q value, the similarity between The extracted far-offset gather seismic wavelets and The simulated far-offset gather seismic wavelets obtained by calculation being as high as 96.16%, so that The provided priori Q value is relatively reliable and can be used for AVO correction in The next step;
fig. 5 is an exemplary graph of attenuation-compensated prestack gather records obtained by performing unsteady inversion using the provided prior Q value, where (5 a) is the attenuation-compensated prestack Common Reflection Point (CRP) gather record obtained by unsteady inversion, and (5 b) is the corresponding prestack gather AVO analysis result.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by combining the drawings and the specific embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for compensating for the formation absorption attenuation compensation AVO based on the unsteady state inversion of the invention comprises the following steps:
wherein u (ω) is a seismic wave field value at a certain time, u (τ, ω) is a seismic wave field value after u (ω) has propagated for a time τ, τ is a time increment, ω is a circular frequency, and ω is a seismic wave field value at a certain time 0 The reference circle frequency is typically chosen to be the seismic data dominant frequency, and Q is the formation quality factor. Gathering seismic wavelets w with extracted near-bias channels near Modeling the seismic wavelets w of the far-offset gathers for the initial seismic wavelets in conjunction with a prior Q model (e.g., a Q value estimated by spectral ratio method) far (Q)；
wherein W (omega) is an initial seismic wavelet of a frequency domain, alpha (omega, tau, Q) is an attenuation factor representing a stratum absorption attenuation effect, d (t) is a synthetic seismic record, and r (tau) is a reflection coefficient;
the attenuation factor expression is defined as follows:
the non-steady forward model matrix form is as follows:
d＝G(Q)r (4)
wherein d is a synthetic seismic record, G (Q) is an attenuation wavelet matrix, and r is a reflection coefficient sequence;
in the formula, lambda is a constraint factor of the sparse constraint term and is used for adjusting the weight of the data matching term and the sparse constraint term,
represents the square of the L2 norm, | | |. The luminance p Denotes the p-norm (0)<p<1). Solving equation (4) is called unsteady reflection coefficient inversion, and the reflection coefficient far-path attenuation extracted from equation (4) is compensated for by taking into account the absorption attenuation of the formation.In recent years, many algorithms have appeared for solving equation (4), such as iterative weighted iteration, iterative soft threshold method, steepest descent method, and the like. The repeated weighting iteration method is an efficient optimizing process, and different weights are given according to iteration values of the previous round in each iteration process, so that the more effective prediction value of the model is ensured. Therefore, the method adopts an optimization algorithm of repeated weighted iteration to solve the equation (4) to realize the inversion method of the unsteady state reflection coefficient;
9) Selecting an appropriate seismic wavelet w res Performing convolution operation on the reflection coefficient sequence r obtained in the step 8 to reconstruct a prestack CRP seismic gather g res (x, t), the expression is as follows:
g res (x,t)＝w res *r(x,t) (6)
and analyzing the AVO trend after the absorption attenuation Q compensation aiming at the target layer.
Different seismic wavelets can be selected when the seismic record is synthesized, for example, yu Shi wavelets can be selected to highlight low-frequency information to depict a thick layer when the thick layer development of an area is researched; if the development of the regional thin layer is researched, the high frequency with the characteristic wavelet of blue spectrum can be selected to depict the thin layer.
To better verify the feasibility of the above procedure, a specific example is designed below. According to actual well logging and rock physical data analysis, a 12 m-thick single-layer hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir model is designed to carry out AVO correction on the prestack gather. The reservoir lithology is sandstone, the background is mudstone, and the specific parameters of the sand mudstone are shown in table 1. A50 Hz Rake wavelet is selected as an excitation wavelet, the quality factor Q of the stratum is set to be 60, and AVO forward modeling is carried out based on a viscoelastic wave equation.
TABLE 1
As shown in fig. 2, the figure is an exemplary graph of the non-attenuated prestack gather composite record, (2 a) is the corresponding prestack forward CRP gather for which the formation quality factor Q is infinity, and (2 b) is the corresponding AVO analysis result. It can be seen from fig. 2 that when the formation is free of absorption attenuation, the reservoir seismic reflection amplitude increases with increasing offset, and the prestack gathers are theoretical three types of AVO responses. As shown in fig. 3, which is an exemplary graph of the synthesized attenuation prestack gather records, (3 a) is the corresponding prestack forward-evolving CRP gather when the formation quality factor Q is set equal to 60, and (3 b) is the corresponding AVO analysis results. As can be seen from FIG. 3, due to the stratum absorption attenuation effect, the seismic energy of the middle and far offset gathers is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the offset distance, the AVO amplitude retention shown in (3 b) is deteriorated, and the theoretical three types of AVO responses are changed into four types of AVO responses; and the overall resolution of the prestack gather is reduced relative to the unattenuated prestack composite gather.
In the theoretical model test, a Q value is calculated by using a spectral ratio method as a prior Q model, and whether the provided prior Q model is reasonable or not is further evaluated. (4a) The extracted near-offset gather seismic wavelet, the extracted far-offset gather seismic wavelet and The far-offset gather seismic wavelet simulated by The extracted near-offset gather seismic wavelet and The prior Q value are compared, so that The amplitude of The extracted far-offset gather seismic wavelet is attenuated and The frequency of The extracted far-offset gather seismic wavelet is reduced relative to The extracted near-offset gather seismic wavelet. Based on equation (1), the provided prior Q value (Q =56 is obtained through calculation by a spectral ratio method) and the extracted near offset channel set seismic wavelets are used for simulating the far offset channel set seismic wavelets, and the similarity between the far offset channel set seismic wavelets and the extracted far offset channel set seismic wavelets is as high as 96.16%, so that the provided prior Q value is reliable and can be used for AVO correction in the next step.
(5a) And (5 b) respectively using the prestack CRP gather reconstructed by the unsteady state inversion technology and the corresponding AVO analysis result, as can be seen by comparing fig. 2 and fig. 5, the resolution of the CRP gather reconstructed by the AVO correction method based on the unsteady state inversion is improved, the four types of AVOs which attenuate the CRP gather errors are corrected into the three types of AVO responses, and compared with the undamped prestack CRP gather, the reconstructed CRP gather follows the AVO amplitude preservation principle.
In conclusion, the invention innovatively provides an AVO correction method based on unsteady stratum Q compensation high-resolution inversion based on the seismic wave propagation and attenuation process. Compared with the prior art, the reconstruction of the prestack gather is more in accordance with the propagation and attenuation rules of seismic waves, and the energy and amplitude correction is more objective and accurate. The method carries out prior Q model evaluation from an unstable state angle, reconstructs the prestack gather by using an unstable state inversion method, further improves the AVO characteristic of the prestack gather, provides a new thought for solving the AVO amplitude preservation problem, and better serves subsequent AVO analysis, NMO correction, prestack inversion and the like.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the embodiments of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion is used for realizing AVO correction by reconstructing a prestack CRP gather, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring the offset distance x and the amplitude A of a target layer on the basis of a pre-stack common reflection point gather g (x, t) obtained after pre-stack time migration imaging processing of a research area, wherein t represents time;
step 2, respectively intercepting offset increment delta x and time window delta t from the near and far offset gathers of the prestack common reflection point gather g (x, t) tar Trace set g (x) near :x near +Δx,t near :t near +Δt tar ) And g (x) far :x far +Δx,t far :t far +Δt tar )，x near Represents the offset of the near gather, x far Represents the far-offset gather offset, t near Indicates the starting time, t, of the truncated near-bias gather far Representing the starting time of the intercepted far-offset gather;
step 3, respectively collecting g (x) from the near partial prestack gather near :x near +Δx,t near :t near +Δt tar ) And far-offset prestack gather g (x) far :x far +Δx,t far :t far +Δt tar ) Mid-extraction near offset gather seismicWavelet w near Sum far-offset gather seismic wavelets w far Analyzing the frequency characteristics of the seismic sub-waves of the near and far offset gathers;
step 4, simulating the seismic wave attenuation process by using a seismic wave equation under the Kjartansson Q attenuation template;
step 5, calculating and simulating far-offset gather attenuation wavelets w far (Q) and seismic wavelets w extracted from far-offset gathers far Evaluating whether a prior Q model representing the stratum absorption attenuation effect reaches the standard or not by the similarity between the stratum absorption attenuation effect and the stratum absorption attenuation effect, and storing the prior Q model which is evaluated to reach the standard;
step 6, intercepting a set time window of delta t from the near shallow layer of the prestack CRP gather tar Extracting corresponding seismic wavelets w 0 As initial seismic wavelets;
step 7, utilizing the prior Q model evaluated to reach the standard in the step 5 and the initial seismic wavelet w extracted in the step 6 0 Considering the stratum absorption attenuation effect, constructing an unsteady state convolution model, wherein the expression is as follows:
d＝G(Q)r
step 8, designing an unsteady sparse inversion equation by combining a reflection coefficient sparse constraint condition on the basis of an unsteady forward model, and solving unsteady inversion channel by using a repeated weighting iterative algorithm to obtain a reflection coefficient sequence r, so that compensation of far-path Q attenuation is realized;
step 9, selecting proper seismic wavelets w res And (4) performing convolution operation on the obtained reflection coefficient sequence r in the step (8), and analyzing the AVO variation trend after Q attenuation compensation aiming at the target layer.
2. The AVO correction method based on the unsteady state inversion of claim 1, wherein in the step 4, when the near offset gather seismic wavelet is used for simulating the far offset gather seismic wavelet, the seismic wave equation under a Kjardansson Q attenuation template is adopted, and the expression is as follows:
wherein u (ω) is a seismic wave field value at a certain time, u (τ, ω) is a seismic wave field value after u (ω) has propagated a time increment τ, ω is a circular frequency, ω is 0 For reference circle frequency, Q is the formation quality factor.
3. The AVO correction method based on the non-stationary inversion of claim 1, wherein in step 7, the expression of the non-stationary convolution model obtained by using the Kjardansson Q attenuation template is as follows:
where W (ω) is the initial seismic wavelet in the frequency domain, α (ω, τ, Q) is an attenuation factor associated with Q, d (t) is the synthetic seismic record, and r (τ) is the reflection coefficient.
4. The AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion according to claim 1, wherein in step 8, the optimized expression of the unsteady state reflection coefficient inversion is as follows:
wherein, λ is the constraint factor of the sparse constraint term, used to adjust the weight of the data matching term and the sparse constraint term,
represents L 2 Norm of the square, | | lighter luminance p Representing the p-norm.
5. The AVO correction method based on unsteady state inversion of claim 1, wherein in the step 9, a pre-stack CRP seismic gather reconstruction result g is obtained res The expression of (x, t) is as follows:
g res (x,t)＝w res *r(x,t)
wherein, g res (x, t) is the reconstructed prestack CRP gather, w res To reconstruct the seismic wavelets used, r (x, t) is the reflection coefficient of the unsteady state inversion.
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| US20110051553A1 (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-03 | Ian Richard Scott | Determining the quality of a seismic inversion |
| CN102707319A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-03 | 西南石油大学 | AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) correction method for use under combined earthquake focus condition |
| CN110471113A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-19 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Bearing calibration, device and storage medium are moved in inverting based on unstable state seismic data |
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| US20110051553A1 (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-03 | Ian Richard Scott | Determining the quality of a seismic inversion |
| CN102707319A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-03 | 西南石油大学 | AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) correction method for use under combined earthquake focus condition |
| CN110471113A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-19 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Bearing calibration, device and storage medium are moved in inverting based on unstable state seismic data |
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| 戴晓峰;甘利灯;杜文辉;李凌高;张昕;冯清源;: "利用地震正演模拟实现高保真AVO处理质量监控", 资源与产业, no. 01, 20 February 2011 (2011-02-20) * |
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