CN115453089A - Method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission of dry field crop intercropping system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry field crop field planting system. The assay method comprises: 1) Preparing a top box and a ground box with the length and width matched with the planting density of the crops according to the minimum planting units of different crops in the intercropping system; 2) Preparing an extension box according to the maximum height of the crops in the growth period; 3) Driving a portion of the ground box into soil several days before the test begins; 4) Buckling the top box or the top box and the extension box, sealing, and collecting gas in the top box; 5) Measuring N in the same gas sample by using a gas chromatograph 2 O and CH 4 Concentration; 6) Calculating N 2 O emission flux and CH 4 Absorbing the flux. The method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of the dry crop field system can improve the soil greenhouse gas N of the dry crop field system 2 O is discharged and CH 4 The accuracy of monitoring of absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry field crop field planting system.
Background
Nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) and methane (CH) 4 ) Has become a major greenhouse gas affecting global warming. According to statistics, the amount of greenhouse gas emitted by agricultural production activities per year is 5.1-6.1Pg.a -1 (with CO) 2 Equivalent meter), account for10-12% of the total greenhouse gas emission generated by human activities, wherein N is produced in agriculture 2 O emission accounts for artificial N 2 60% of O emission, agricultural CH 4 Emission in CH 4 50% of the emissions. Under the condition of crop intercropping planting, the nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved, the soil carbon fixation can be increased, and the emission reduction effect is achieved. At present, the measurement and calculation of the greenhouse gas emission of the soil of the crop intercropping system have certain limitations, and the existing monitoring method needs to be developed and perfected to improve the accuracy of estimation of the greenhouse gas emission.
It is generally accepted that dry land soil is N 2 Main emission source of O, and CH 4 It is absorbed by the soil of the dry farmland. At present, the soil greenhouse gas emission flux of the dry field crop field culture system is mainly measured by adopting a static box-gas chromatography. The method forms a closed system with the box body and the soil through water seal, and N released by the soil 2 O and CH 4 Will increase with time in the box body, thereby according to N in the box body 2 O and CH 4 The gas emission flux is obtained as a linear increment or decrement of the concentration change with time.
The current research adopts static box-gas chromatography to measure the greenhouse gas emission flux of the crop intercropping system, and has the following defects: first, the static box is placed at an unreasonable position, and most studies only cover two crop spacing zones with the static box for measurement, but do not measure the greenhouse gas emission of different crop planting zones in the intercropping system. Secondly, the area of the soil covered by the static box body is not matched with the space emission rule of greenhouse gases in the soil of the intercropping system, so that the measurement result cannot represent the greenhouse gas emission flux of the whole intercropping planting system in unit area. The mechanism of revealing intercropping emission reduction is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry field crop field planting system.
Specifically, the method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of the dry field crop field culture system provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a top box and a ground box with the length and width matched with the planting density of the crops according to the minimum planting units of different crops in the intercropping system;
2) Preparing a lengthening box according to the maximum height of the crops in the growth period;
3) Driving a portion of the ground box into soil several days before the test begins;
4) Buckling the top box or the top box and the extension box, sealing, and collecting gas in the top box;
5) Measuring N in the same gas sample by using a gas chromatograph 2 O and CH 4 Concentration;
6) Calculating N 2 O emission flux and CH 4 Absorbing the flux.
The method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of the dry field crop intercropping system can better reflect the greenhouse gas emission flux of the whole intercropping planting system; better measures the greenhouse gas emission of different crop planting zones in the intercropping system, is favorable for further excavating an intercropping emission reduction mechanism, and improves the soil greenhouse gas N of the dry field crop intercropping system 2 O is discharged and CH 4 The accuracy of monitoring of absorption.
Preferably, the foam board with the thickness of 2-3 cm is additionally wrapped on the outer layer of the top box, and the top box is provided with a temperature measuring meter and a temperature probe and used for monitoring the temperature in the box and the soil temperature simultaneously.
Preferably, a gas production pipe is connected to the inside of the top box, and a two-way valve for connecting a gas production injector is arranged at the other end of the gas production pipe; preferably, the length of the gas production pipe is 2-4 m, and the inner diameter is 1/7-1/9 inch.
Further preferably, the top box is internally provided with at least one fan, preferably two fans, placed at two diagonal ends of the box body.
Further preferably, the extension box is added between the top box and the ground box as the growing height of the crop increases.
Preferably, the extension box has the same length, width and height as the top box and the bottom box, and the extension box preferably has the same length, width and height as the top box.
Preferably, the ground box is driven into the soil 4 to 5 days before the start of the measurement; preferably, the top parts of the ground box and the extension box are provided with sealing grooves which are sealed by water during gas production; the depth of the sealing groove is preferably 2-3 cm; and converting the density of the crops planted in the frame according to the planting density of the crop field.
Further preferably, the size of the ground box is 60cm × 50cm × 20cm (length × width × height); the ground box is driven into the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm 5 days before the test is started so as to reduce the N caused by the soil disturbance 2 O and CH 4 The influence of (c).
Preferably, in the step 4), the gas in the static box of different crop strips in the intercropping system is respectively collected by a gas collecting injector at 0min,15min,30min and 45min of covering the top box, 30-50 mL of gas is collected each time, and the gas is injected into a 10-15 mL vacuum bottle.
Preferably, the gas in the mixing box is continuously extracted for 4-5 times during gas production, the two-way valve is rotated to seal the (gas production) injector after sampling, and each box is extracted for 3-4 times, 40-50 ml each time.
Preferably, in step 4), the greenhouse gas sample collection time is between 8 and 12 a; preferably, the top box is removed immediately after gas production is completed.
More preferably, in step 6), N is calculated according to the following formula 2 O emission flux and CH 4 Absorption flux:
F＝k1×P0/P×273/(273+T)×M/V×H×dc/dt；
wherein F represents a gas discharge flux, k1 represents a conversion coefficient between unit dimensions, P0 represents an atmospheric pressure in the meter case, P represents a standard atmospheric pressure at a test site, T represents an average atmospheric temperature in a case covering time, and M represents N per mole 2 O and CH 4 In N 2 And C, V represents the molar volume of the gas at 273K and 1013hPa, H represents the height of the sample chamber, C represents the N in the meter chamber 2 O and CH 4 T represents the capping time, dc/dt represents N within the capping time 2 O and CH 4 The rate of change of concentration.
According to the method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of the dry field crop intercropping system, a sampling box is made of stainless steel materials and comprises a top box and a ground box, the top box and the ground box are designed according to the minimum planting units of different crops in intercropping, the length and the width of the top box and the width of the ground box are matched with the planting density of the crops, and the representativeness of a soil sample is ensured to be measured; the outer layer of the box is wrapped with foam to reduce the temperature change during the gas production cover box, and the temperature measuring meter and the temperature probe are attached to monitor the temperature in the box and the soil temperature simultaneously. The top box is internally provided with a gas production pipe with the length of 2-4 m and the inner diameter of 1/8 inch, and the other end of the top box is a two-way valve connected with a gas production injector so as to ensure that the box is sealed when the box is clamped. Two fans are arranged in the top box to ensure the uniformity of the gas in the box. Preparing an extension box according to the maximum height of the crops in the growth period, wherein the length, the width and the height of the extension box are the same as those of the gas collection top box, and along with the increase of the growth height of the crops, the extension box is additionally arranged between the top box and the ground box so as to avoid influencing the growth of the plants. The ground box is carefully driven into the soil 4-5 days before the test is started, so that the influence of soil disturbance on the measurement of greenhouse gases is reduced. The top of the ground box is provided with a sealing groove which is sealed by water when gas is produced, and the density of crops planted in the frame is converted according to the planting density of the crop field. Collecting greenhouse gas samples at 8-12 A.m., covering a base with a static box, injecting water and sealing, wherein a gas collecting port of the static box is provided with a three-way valve, and collecting gas in different crop strip static boxes in an intercropping system by injectors at 0min,15min,30min and 45min of covering the box, wherein the gas is collected by 40-50 mL each time and injected into a 10-15 mL vacuum bottle. And after gas production is finished, the static box is immediately taken down, and the normal growth of crops is ensured.
The method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of the dry field crop intercropping system can reflect the greenhouse gas emission flux of the whole intercropping planting system, effectively measure the greenhouse gas emission of different crop planting zones in the intercropping system and improve the soil greenhouse gas N of the dry field crop intercropping system 2 O is discharged and CH 4 The accuracy of monitoring of absorption.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows soil greenhouse gas N in a dry field crop field cropping system in an embodiment of the invention 2 O is discharged and CH 4 A field map of the assay method of uptake;
FIG. 2 is the average monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation during the test period of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from normal commercial vendors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry field crop intercropping system, as shown in figure 1, corn and soybean are adopted as intercropping crops, 2 rows of soybeans are intercropped in each 2 rows of corn strips, namely the row ratio of the corn to the soybeans is 2: and 2, forming an intercropping combination belt by using 2 rows of corns and 2 rows of soybeans, wherein in each intercropping combination belt, the corns or the soybeans are used as starting rows, the 2 rows of corns and the 2 rows of soybeans are sequentially arranged, the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing of the corns is 30cm, and the plant spacing of the soybeans is 10cm. And respectively placing greenhouse gas static boxes in the corn planting belt and the soybean planting belt for measurement. Sowing semen Maydis and semen glycines simultaneously in 6 months, wherein the semen Maydis variety is ZHONG 958, the semen glycines variety is QIHUANG 34, directly sowing semen Maydis and semen glycines, sowing base fertilizer before sowing, rotary tillage with machine, topdressing semen Maydis in jointing stage and spinning stage respectively,
as shown in FIG. 2, the test was carried out at Quzhou laboratory site of Zhongzhou prefecture of China university of agriculture at N36 ° 52'11 "and E115 ° 0' 30" at 6-10 months in 2021, hebei provinceThe district climate type is temperate zone monsoon climate, and the soil type is sandy loam. According to meteorological data from the site building, the annual average air temperature at the test site is 13.2 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 494mm, about 70% of the rainfall is concentrated in 6-9 months, and the monthly average air temperature and the monthly rainfall during the test period are shown in figure 1. The soil type is sandy loam, and the soil basic physicochemical properties of 0-20cm are as follows: the volume weight is 1.31g/cm 3 The organic matter content is 13.59g/kg, the total nitrogen is 0.98g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 21.02mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 38.40mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 105.09mg/kg, and the pH value is 7.69.
Example 1: single crop corn
1.1 corn variety: zhengdan 958
The field plot experiment adopts a plot experiment design, the main area is treated in a planting mode, and the plot is treated by applying nitrogen.
1.2 nitrogen treatment: 2, nitrogen (SF) is applied conventionally, nitrogen (OF) is applied organically instead, and nitrogen input is equal in two treatments. The conventional nitrogen application amount of the corn is 185kg/ha chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied for three times in a base fertilizer, a jointing stage and a spinning stage, and respectively accounts for 15/37, 15/37 and 7/37 of the total nitrogen application amount. The organic alternative nitrogen application treatment comprises 70% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and 30% of organic nitrogen fertilizer, all organic fertilizer and part of chemical nitrogen fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer once, and the dosage of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied in the jointing stage and the spinning stage is consistent with that of the conventional nitrogen application treatment. The corn phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied by base fertilizer, and is respectively applied with phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) 45kg/ha, potassium (K) 2 O) 90kg/ha, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer used in the test are respectively 46.7 percent of urea, 16.0 percent of calcium superphosphate and 51.1 percent of potassium sulfate. The bio-organic fertilizer is provided by Nanjing agriculture university, and the nutrient content is as follows: organic matter 40.41%, N2.59%, P 2 O 5 3.95％、K 2 O1.78 percent. The fertilization method is detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 fertilizing amount for corn field test
1.3 repetition times: 3 times, total 6 treatments.
1.4 cell area: 52m 2 (6.5m×8m)
1.5 plant spacing: 30cm, line spacing: 50cm
1.6 protection line: the distance of 1.5m width flows out from the edge of each cell to be used as a ridge, and 2m protection rows are arranged around the test area.
2.1 field management: and (4) carrying out field management such as intertillage, ridging, weeding, disease, pest and weed control and the like in the whole corn growth season. Sowing corn in 2021 year, 6 months and 17 days, adopting direct sowing mode, sowing base fertilizer before sowing, then making rotary tillage by machine. Topdressing is carried out in the corn jointing stage in 7 months and 15 days (1 st time), and topdressing is carried out in the corn spinning stage in 8 months and 11 days (2 nd time). The corn is harvested in 5 days after 10 months, and the total observation time during the whole corn growth period reaches 111 days.
3.1 greenhouse gas Collection and measurement
Soil N 2 O emission and CH 4 The absorption was measured in situ using static box-gas chromatography. The sampling box is made of stainless steel materials and comprises a top box body and a ground box body, the size of the top box body is 60cm multiplied by 50cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), foam is wrapped on the outer layer of the box body to reduce temperature change during the gas production cover box, and a temperature meter and a temperature probe are attached to monitor the temperature in the box body and the temperature of soil simultaneously. The top box is internally provided with a gas production pipe with the length of 3m and the inner diameter of 1/8 inch, and the other end of the top box is a two-way valve connected with a gas production injector so as to ensure that the inside of the box is sealed when the box is clamped. Two fans are arranged in the top box to ensure the uniformity of the gas in the box. The size of the ground box is 60cm × 50cm × 20cm (length × width × height). The ground box is carefully driven into the soil to a depth of 15cm 5 days before the test is started, so that the N caused by soil disturbance is reduced 2 The influence of O. The top of the ground box is provided with a sealing groove which is sealed by water when gas is produced, the density of the planted crops in the frame is converted according to the planting density of the crop field, and 2 corns are planted. When the growth height of the corn is over 50cm, the number of the extension boxes (with the length of 60cm, the width of 50cm and the height of 50 cm) is increased periodically so as to avoid influencing the growth of the corn; the extension box is arranged between the top box and the ground box, and is sealed by a sealing groove. The gas collection time is as follows, wherein the gas collection time is as follows, the gas collection is carried out at 8 a.m.:30-11 a.m., sealing water is added into a ground tank water tank before collection, gas is collected by a 50ml injector at the moment that the tank is buckled to be 0, and then the gas is extracted every 15 min. When air is pumped, the gas in the mixing box is continuously pumped for 4-5 timesAfter sampling, the syringe was sealed by rotating the two-way valve and each chamber was withdrawn a total of 4 times, 50ml each time. And after sampling is finished, the gas collection top box is immediately taken down, and the normal growth of crops is ensured. Monitoring once a day from the 2 nd day after fertilization for 5 consecutive days; after irrigation or heavy rainfall (> 20 mm), monitoring once a day for 2 days continuously; usually, the monitoring is carried out once every 3 days.
Example 2: single crop soybean
1.1 soybean variety: qihuang 34
The field plot experiment adopts a plot experiment design, the main area is treated in a planting mode, and the plot is treated by applying nitrogen.
1.2, nitrogen treatment: 2, nitrogen (SF) is applied conventionally, organic substitutes for nitrogen (OF), and nitrogen input is equal in both treatments. The conventional nitrogen application amount of the corn is 45kg/ha chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The organic nitrogen-substituting treatment comprises 70% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and 30% of organic nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the soybean are applied by base fertilizers, and the nitrogen (N) and the phosphorus (P) are respectively applied at 45kg/ha 2 O 5 ) 45kg/ha, potassium (K) 2 O) 90kg/ha, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer used in the test are respectively 46.7 percent of urea, 16.0 percent of calcium superphosphate and 51.1 percent of potassium sulfate. The bio-organic fertilizer is provided by Nanjing agriculture university, and the nutrient content is as follows: organic matter 40.41%, N2.59%, P 2 O 5 3.95％、K 2 O1.78 percent. The fertilization protocol is detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 Soybean field test fertilizing amount
1.3 repetition times: 3 times, total 6 treatments.
1.4 cell area: 52m 2 (6.5m×8m)
1.5 plant spacing: 30cm, line spacing: 50cm
1.6 protection line: the distance of 1.5m width flows out from the edge of each cell to be used as a ridge, and 2m protection rows are arranged around the test area.
2.1 field management: and (4) carrying out field management such as intertillage, ridging, weeding, disease, pest and weed control and the like in the whole soybean growing season. Sowing soybean in 2021 year, 6 months and 17 days, adopting direct sowing mode, sowing base fertilizer before sowing, then making rotary tillage by machine. The soybeans are harvested at 10 months and 5 days, and the length of the observation period of the whole soybean breeding period is 111 days.
3.1 gas Collection and measurement
Soil N 2 O emission and CH 4 The absorption was measured in situ using static box-gas chromatography. The sampling box is made of stainless steel materials and is divided into a top box and a ground box, the size of the volume of the top box is 60cm multiplied by 50cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the outer layer of the box is wrapped with foam to reduce the temperature change during the gas production cover box, and a temperature measuring meter and a temperature probe are attached to monitor the temperature in the box and the soil temperature simultaneously. The top box is internally provided with a gas production pipe with the length of 3m and the inner diameter of 1/8 inch, and the other end of the top box is a two-way valve connected with a gas production injector so as to ensure that the inside of the box is sealed when the box is clamped. Two fans are arranged in the top box to ensure the uniformity of the gas in the box. The size of the ground box is 60cm × 50cm × 20cm (length × width × height). The ground box is carefully driven into the soil to a depth of 15cm 5 days before the test is started, so that the disturbance of the soil to N is reduced 2 The influence of O. The top of the ground box is provided with a sealing groove which is sealed by water when gas is produced, the density of the planted crops in the frame is converted according to the planting density of the crop field, and 6 soybeans are planted. Gas collection time is carried out at 8 am, 30-11, sealing water is added into a ground tank water tank before collection, gas is collected by a 50ml injector at the time of starting to be 0 after the tank is buckled, and then gas is extracted every 15 min. During air suction, gas in the mixing box is continuously extracted for 4-5 times, the two-way valve is rotated to seal the injector after sampling, and each box is extracted for 4 times, 50ml each time. And after sampling is finished, the gas collection top box is immediately taken down, and the normal growth of crops is ensured. Monitoring once a day from the 2 nd day after fertilization for 5 consecutive days; after irrigation or heavy rainfall (> 20 mm), monitoring once a day for 2 days continuously; usually, the monitoring is carried out once every 3 days.
Example 3: corn soybean intercropping
1.1 corn variety: zhengdan 958, soybean variety: qihuang 34
The field plot experiment adopts a plot experiment design, the main area is treated in a planting mode, and the plot is treated by nitrogen application.
1.2 nitrogen treatment: 2, conventionally nitrogen (SF) is applied, there areNitrogen (OF) is applied instead OF machine, and the nitrogen input for both treatments is equal. And respectively fertilizing the corn strips and the soybean strips in the intercropping. The conventional nitrogen application amount of the corn is 92.5kg/ha chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied for three times in a base fertilizer, a jointing stage and a spinning stage, and respectively accounts for 15/37, 15/37 and 7/37 of the total nitrogen application amount. The organic alternative nitrogen application treatment comprises 70% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and 30% of organic nitrogen fertilizer, all organic fertilizer and part of chemical nitrogen fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer once, and the dosage of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied in the jointing stage and the spinning stage is consistent with that of the conventional nitrogen application treatment. The corn phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied by base fertilizer, and phosphorus (P) is applied respectively 2 O 5 ) 22.5kg/ha of potassium (K) 2 O) 45kg/ha. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the soybeans are all applied by base fertilizers, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are respectively applied at 22.5kg/ha 2 O 5 ) 22.5kg/ha of potassium (K) 2 O) 45kg/ha, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer used in the test are respectively 46.7% of urea, 16.0% of calcium superphosphate and 51.1% of potassium sulfate. The bio-organic fertilizer is provided by Nanjing agriculture university, and the nutrient content is as follows: organic matter 40.41%, N2.59%, P 2 O 5 3.95％、K 2 O1.78 percent. The fertilization protocol is detailed in table 3.
TABLE 3 fertilizing amount for corn and soybean field test
1.3 repetition times: 3 times, total 6 treatments.
1.4 cell area: 52m 2 (6.5m×8m)
1.5 plant spacing: 30cm, line spacing: 50cm
1.6 protection line: the edge of each cell flows out with a distance of 1.5m as a ridge, and 2m protection rows are arranged around the test area.
2.1 field management: and (3) carrying out field management such as intertillage, ridging, weeding, pest and weed control and the like in the whole growing season of the corn and the soybean. Sowing corn and soybean at the same time in 2021 year, 6 months and 17 days, adopting direct sowing mode, sowing base fertilizer before sowing, then making rotary tillage by machine. The corn and the soybean are harvested at the same time in 10 months and 5 days, and the total observation time during the growth period of the corn and the soybean is up to 111 days.
3.1 gas Collection and measurement
Soil N 2 O emission and CH 4 The absorption was measured in situ using static box-gas chromatography. The sampling box is made of stainless steel materials and is divided into a top box and a ground box, the size of the volume of the top box is 60cm multiplied by 50cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the outer layer of the box is wrapped with foam to reduce the temperature change during the gas production cover box, and a temperature measuring meter and a temperature probe are attached to monitor the temperature in the box and the soil temperature simultaneously. The top box is internally provided with a gas production pipe with the length of 3m and the inner diameter of 1/8 inch, and the other end of the top box is a two-way valve connected with a gas production injector so as to ensure that the box is sealed when the box is clamped. The top box is internally provided with two fans for ensuring the uniformity of the gas in the box. The size of the ground box is 60cm × 50cm × 20cm (length × width × height). The ground box is carefully driven into the soil to a depth of 15cm 5 days before the test is started, so that the disturbance of the soil to N is reduced 2 The influence of O. The top of the ground box is provided with a sealing groove which is sealed by water when gas is produced, the density of the planted crops in the frame is converted according to the planting density of a crop field, 2 corns are planted, and 6 soybeans are planted. When the growth height of the corn is over 50cm, the number of the extension boxes (with the length of 60cm, the width of 50cm and the height of 50 cm) is required to be increased periodically so as not to influence the growth of the corn; the extension box is arranged between the top box and the ground box, and is sealed by a sealing groove. Gas collection time is carried out at 8 am, 30-11, sealing water is added into a ground tank water tank before collection, gas is collected by a 50ml injector at the time of starting to be 0 after the tank is buckled, and then gas is extracted every 15 min. During air suction, air in the mixing box is continuously extracted for 4-5 times, the two-way valve is rotated to seal the injector after sampling, and each box is extracted for 4 times, 50ml each time. And immediately taking down the gas collection top box after sampling is finished, and ensuring the normal growth of crops. Monitoring once a day from the 2 nd day after fertilization for 5 consecutive days; after irrigation or heavy rainfall (> 20 mm), monitoring once a day for 2 days continuously; usually, the monitoring is carried out every 3 days.
Data processing and analysis in example 1, example 2 and example 3
1. Correlation calculation formula
Soil N 2 O emission flux and CH 4 The calculation formula of the absorption flux is as follows:
F＝k1×P0/P×273/(273+T)×M/V×H×dc/dt
wherein F represents a gas discharge flux in μ g N 2 O-N m -2 h-1 and μ g CH 4 -Cm -2 h -1 Where k1 is a conversion coefficient between unit dimensions (0.001), P0 is an atmospheric pressure (hPa) in the tank, P is a standard atmospheric pressure (1013 hPa) at the test site, T (. Degree. C.) is an average atmospheric temperature in the lid-box time, and M (28 g N 2 O-N mol -1 N 2 O，12g CH 4 -C mol - 1 CH 4 ) Represents N per mole 2 O and CH 4 In N 2 And the molecular weight of C, V representing the molar volume of gas at 273K and 1013hPa (22.4L mol) -1 ) H (m) is the height of the sampling box, c (ppm) is the N in the box 2 O and CH 4 T (h) cover time, dc/dt (. Mu.L L) -1 h -1 ) Indicating N within the time of covering the box 2 O and CH 4 The rate of change of concentration.
2. Data processing
The analytical data were collated and plotted using Excel; analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data with SPSS20 software (SPSS inc. Chicago, USA) with a significance level of a =0.05.
3. Results and analysis
3.1 intercropping soil N for monoculture corn and corn soybean 2 Comparison of O emissions
Accumulation of N 2 The amount of O emissions refers to the cumulative emission of soil gas per unit area during the observation period from the first sampling to the last sampling.
As shown in Table 4, intercropping reduced the soil greenhouse gas N relative to single cropping under different fertilization treatments 2 O-discharge plot, in maize, cumulative N 2 The O discharge is 1206.4-1604.0 g-N 2 Between O/ha, organic substitution for nitrogen application obviously reduces accumulated N in corn growing season 2 And (4) discharging the O. The intercropping has obvious emission reduction effect, and the accumulated N is accumulated in the corn SF treatment under the intercropping compared with the corn SF treatment under the single cropping 2 The O emission is reduced by 22.5%; accumulating N as compared to a monoculture corn OF treatment, an intercropping corn OF treatment 2 The O emission is reduced by 14.6 percent.
3.2 intercropping soil N between monocultured soybean and corn soybean 2 Comparison of O emissions
As shown in Table 4, intercropping reduced the soil greenhouse gas N relative to single cropping under different fertilization treatments 2 O emission plot, in soybean, cumulative N 2 The O discharge is 1206.4-1604.0 g-N 2 Between O/ha, organic substitution for nitrogen application obviously reduces accumulated N in soybean growing season 2 And (4) discharging the O. Intercropping has an emission reduction effect, but has no significant influence. The accumulated N is larger than the accumulated N of the SF treatment of the soybeans under the intercropping condition 2 The O emission is reduced by 14.3%; accumulating N in comparison with the OF treatment for soybean alone and the OF treatment for soybean under intercropping 2 The O emission is reduced by 15.6 percent.
TABLE 4 reduction of soil N in intercropping versus single cropping under different fertilization treatments 2 O-discharge
3.3 intercropping soil CH for monoculture corn and corn soybean 4 Absorption contrast
Accumulation of CH 4 The absorption amount refers to the cumulative absorption of soil gas per unit area from the first sampling to the last sampling during the observation period.
As shown in Table 5, intercropping reduced the soil greenhouse gas CH relative to single cropping under different fertilization treatments 4 Absorption, accumulation of CH in maize 4 The absorption capacity is 360.1-429.6 g-CH 4 Between/ha, organically replacing accumulated CH in corn growing season under nitrogen treatment 4 The absorption amount is not significantly different from the conventional nitrogen treatment. Compared with the SF treatment of the corn for single cropping and the SF treatment of the corn under intercropping, the accumulated CH is accumulated 4 The absorption amount is reduced by 13.6%; the accumulated CH is higher than that OF corn OF single cropping and corn OF intercropping 4 The absorption amount was reduced by 15.3%.
3.4 intercropping soil CH between monocultured soybean and corn soybean 4 Absorption contrast
As shown in Table 5, CH was accumulated in soybeans under different fertilization treatments 4 The absorption capacity is 313.6-331.4 g-N 2 Between O/ha, organically replacing accumulated CH in soybean growing season under nitrogen treatment 4 The absorption amount is not significantly different from the conventional fertilizer nitrogen treatment.
TABLE 5 soil CH under different fertilisation treatments 4 Absorption of
4. Summary and analysis
As shown in Table 4, the single cropping corn stripe soil N under different fertilization treatments 2 The discharge amount of O is obviously higher than that of intercropping corn strips, and the soil N of the intercropping soybeans and the monoculture soybeans 2 There was no significant difference between the O emissions. Therefore, intercropping reduces soil N 2 O-discharge is mainly achieved by reducing the soil N of intercropping corn strips 2 And (4) discharging O. The method of the invention arranges static box measurement on different crop strips of the intercropping system, compares the emission difference of greenhouse gases of different strips, and is more beneficial to developing the research of emission reduction of soil greenhouse gases of the intercropping system.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry field crop farming system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a top box and a ground box with the length and width matched with the planting density of the crops according to the minimum planting units of different crops in the intercropping system;
2) Preparing a lengthening box according to the maximum height of the crops in the growth period;
3) Driving a portion of the ground box into soil several days before the test begins;
4) Buckling the top box or the top box and the extension box, sealing, and collecting gas in the top box;
5) Measuring N in the same gas sample by using gas chromatograph 2 O and CH 4 Concentration;
6) Calculating N 2 O emission flux and CH 4 Absorbing the flux.
2. The method for measuring soil greenhouse gas in a dry land crop farming system according to claim 1, wherein the top box is externally wrapped with foam, and the top box is provided with a temperature meter and a temperature probe for simultaneously monitoring the temperature in the top box and the soil temperature.
3. The method for measuring the soil greenhouse gas emission of the dry land crop farming system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gas production pipe is connected to the inside of the top box, and a two-way valve for connecting a gas production injector is arranged at the other end of the gas production pipe; preferably, the length of the gas production pipe is 2-4 m, and the inner diameter is 1/7-1/9 inch.
4. Method for the determination of soil greenhouse gas emissions of a dry land crop field system according to claim 3, characterized in that the top box is equipped with at least one fan, preferably two fans, inside.
5. The method for determining soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry field crop farming system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the extension tank is added between the top tank and the ground tank as the growth height of the crop increases.
6. The method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emissions of a dry land crop field planting system according to claim 5, wherein the extension box has the same length and width as the top box and the bottom box, and preferably has the same length, width and height as the top box.
7. The method for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from soil in a dry field crop farming system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a ground box is driven into the soil 4 to 5 days before the start of the measurement; preferably, the top parts of the ground box and the extension box are provided with sealing grooves which are sealed by water during gas production; preferably, the depth of the sealing groove is 2-3 cm; and converting the crop density planted in the frame according to the crop field planting density.
8. The method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission of a dry land crop interplanting system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step 4), the gas in the static box of different crop strips in the interplanting system is collected by a gas collecting injector at 0min, 10 min,30min,45min of the top box covered on the top box, 30 to 50mL is collected each time, and the gas is injected into a 10 to 15mL vacuum bottle.
9. The method for measuring soil greenhouse gases in a dry field crop farming system according to claim 8, wherein in the step 4), the greenhouse gas sample collection time is from 8 to 12 a.m.; preferably, the top box is removed immediately after gas production is completed.
10. The method for measuring soil greenhouse gas emission in a dry field crop farming system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step 6), N is calculated according to the following formula 2 O emission flux and CH 4 Absorption flux:
F＝k1×P0/P×273/(273+T)×M/V×H×dc/dt；
wherein F represents a gas discharge flux, k1 represents a conversion coefficient between unit dimensions, P0 represents an atmospheric pressure in the meter case, P represents a standard atmospheric pressure at a test site, T represents an average atmospheric temperature in a case covering time, and M represents N per mole 2 O and CH 4 In N 2 And C, V represents the molar volume of the gas at 273K and 1013hPa, H represents the height of the sample chamber, C represents the N in the meter chamber 2 O and CH 4 T represents the capping time, dc/dt represents N within the capping time 2 O and CH 4 The rate of change of concentration.
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