CN115452206A - Ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CWZPGMMKDANPKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L butyl-di(dodecanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CWZPGMMKDANPKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XUMIQAOMRDRPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-oxo-1h-pyrimidin-2-yl)urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1=NC(=O)C=CN1 XUMIQAOMRDRPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
- G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/283—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysiloxanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of electronic skin at ultralow temperature, and particularly relates to an ultralow temperature capacitive pressure sensor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the pressure sensor consists of a substrate layer, an electrode layer, a pressure-sensitive layer, an electrode layer and a packaging layer from bottom to top; wherein, the substrate layer, the pressure-sensitive layer and the packaging layer are all elastomers with high ductility at ultralow temperature; the dynamic supramolecular network constructed in the elastomer skeleton consists of one or more of quadruple hydrogen bonds, strong hydrogen bonds, weak hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, metal coordination bonds, ionic bonds and host-guest interaction; the electrode layer comprises an elastomer, liquid metal and silver flake powder. The capacitive pressure sensor can accurately respond to different weights and actions (finger bending and the like) at ultralow temperature (-80 ℃).
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic skin at ultralow temperature, and particularly relates to an ultralow-temperature capacitive pressure sensor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The electronic skin is a novel electronic device for simulating human skin to sense external stimulation (pressure, temperature and humidity) through integration and feedback of electrical signals. Electronic skin as a flexible touch bionic sensor is widely applied to the fields of human body physiological parameter detection, robot touch perception and the like. The most basic element of tactile sensing is pressure sensation, and therefore pressure sensing is the basic property of electronic skin. According to different working principles, pressure sensors can be mainly classified into resistive pressure sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, and piezoelectric pressure sensors. Among them, the capacitive pressure sensor can provide higher precision, lower power consumption, better stability and consistency, and has become a hot spot of wide attention by researchers in various countries in the world in recent years.
However, the conventional capacitive pressure sensor can only meet the requirements of accurate response at room temperature, and a capacitive pressure sensor with response at ultralow temperature has not been reported yet, so that the exploration of ultralow temperature (polar region, high altitude and the like) is seriously hindered, and therefore, the development and application of the capacitive pressure sensor to the electronic skin of the ultralow temperature capacitive pressure sensor are very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an ultralow-temperature capacitive pressure sensor and a preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor comprises a substrate layer, an electrode layer, a pressure-sensitive layer, an electrode layer and an encapsulation layer from bottom to top; wherein, the substrate layer, the pressure-sensitive layer and the packaging layer are all elastomers with high ductility at ultralow temperature; the dynamic supramolecular network constructed in the elastomer skeleton consists of one or more of quadruple hydrogen bonds, strong hydrogen bonds, weak hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, metal coordination bonds, ionic bonds and host-guest interaction; the electrode layer comprises an elastomer, liquid metal and silver flake powder.
The elastomer is a quadruple hydrogen bonding polydimethylsiloxane elastomer.
The quadruple hydrogen bonding polydimethylsiloxane elastomer is prepared by adopting the following method: heating polydimethylsiloxane oil bath, vacuumizing and stirring; after stirring, adding isophorone diisocyanate, tetrahydrofuran and a catalytic amount of butyltin dilaurate;
continuously stirring, then adding 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone, 4' -dihydroxybiphenyl, dimethyl sulfoxide and catalytic amount of butyltin dilaurate, and continuously polymerizing to obtain a product;
wherein the polydimethylsiloxane: the mole ratio of isophorone diisocyanate is as follows: 4:6;4' -dihydroxybiphenyl: the molar ratio of the 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone is 0.6-1.2:0.8-1.4.
The ratio of the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder in the electrode layer is 1-10.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the ultralow temperature capacitive pressure sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out hot pressing on the elastomer to prepare a sensor substrate layer with the thickness of about 1 mm;
(2) Dissolving the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder in a solvent according to a certain proportion, printing the mixture on the substrate layer obtained in the step (1), and airing the mixture at room temperature;
(3) Hot-pressing the high-ductility elastomer to prepare a sensor pressure-sensitive layer with the thickness of about 0.5mm, and flatly paving the sensor pressure-sensitive layer on the electrode layer in the step (2);
(4) Printing the mixed solution of the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder prepared in the step (2) on the pressure-sensitive layer in the step (3) again;
(5) And (3) hot-pressing the high-ductility elastomer to prepare a sensor packaging layer with the thickness of about 0.5mm, and flatly paving the sensor packaging layer on the electrode layer in the step (2).
And (3) the liquid metal in the step (2) is gallium.
The solvent in the step (2) is one or the combination of more than two of ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
The invention also comprises the application of the ultralow temperature capacitive pressure sensor, which is applied to the preparation of ultralow temperature electronic skin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with the traditional capacitance type pressure sensor, the sensor only has the accurate response at room temperature. The capacitive pressure sensor can accurately respond to different weights and actions (finger bending and the like) at ultralow temperature (-80 ℃).
(2) Is less stretchable than conventional capacitive pressure sensors. The capacitive pressure sensor can exhibit high ductility at ultra-low temperatures (-80 ℃).
(3) Compared with the response loss after the traditional capacitive pressure sensor is stretched, the capacitive pressure sensor can show accurate response to different weights after being stretched by 100 percent at ultralow temperature (-80 ℃). This will greatly facilitate the exploration of ultra-low temperature areas (polar regions, high altitude, etc.).
(4) The elastic body with high ductility at ultralow temperature is used as a base layer, a pressure-sensitive layer and an encapsulation layer of the capacitive pressure sensor; the mixed solution of the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder with high ductility at ultralow temperature is used as the electrode layer, and the design endows the capacitive pressure sensor with beneficial ductility at low temperature and shows accurate response to action and weight.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural design diagram of an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the results of continuous responses by different weights at an ultra-low temperature of the capacitive pressure sensor in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the same-weight continuous response results at an ultra-low temperature of the capacitive pressure sensor in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the finger bending response at the ultra-low temperature of the capacitive pressure sensor in example 1.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the results of successive responses by different weights of the capacitive pressure sensor of example 1, stretched 100% at ultra-low temperatures.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1: preparation of elastomer P1: the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Polydimethylsiloxane (5.6 g) was stirred in a system at 100 ℃ under vacuum for 1 hour. After stirring, the system was cooled to 70 ℃ and isophorone diisocyanate (0.3891 g), tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and the catalyst butyltin dilaurate (ca. 4 drops) were added. After 3 hours, 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (0.0338 g), 4' -dihydroxybiphenyl (0.0558 g) dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) and a catalyst butyl tin dilaurate (about 1 drop) were added, and after 3 hours the material was taken out in water, dried and collected for future use.
The setting parameters of the temperature-controllable stretcher are as follows: the stretching rate is 20mm/min, and the ambient temperature is-80 ℃. The test specimen was previously formed into a dumbbell shape having a width of about 5mm in the middle, a length of about 4mm and a thickness of about 1mm. The test result shows that the P1 has the stress strength of 9.31MPa and the elongation of 1437 percent at the temperature of-80 ℃, and the healing efficiency is about 42 percent after the healing lasts for 48 hours.
Preparation of elastomer P2: (1) Polydimethylsiloxane (5.6 g) was stirred in a system at 100 ℃ under vacuum for 1 hour. After stirring, the system was cooled to 70 ℃ and isophorone diisocyanate (0.3891 g), tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and the catalyst butyltin dilaurate (ca. 4 drops) were added. After 3 hours, 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (0.0507 g), 4' -dihydroxybiphenyl (0.0372 g) dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) and a catalyst butyl tin dilaurate (about 1 drop) were added, and after 3 hours the material was taken out in water, dried and collected for future use.
The setting parameters of the temperature-controllable stretcher are as follows: the stretching rate is 20mm/min, and the ambient temperature is-80 ℃. The test specimen was previously formed into a dumbbell shape having a width of about 5mm in the middle, a length of about 4mm and a thickness of about 1mm. The test result shows that the P2 has the stress strength of 12.56MPa and the elongation of 2472 percent at the temperature of-80 ℃, and the healing efficiency is about 65 percent after healing for 48 hours.
Preparation of elastomer P3: (1) Polydimethylsiloxane (5.6 g) was stirred in a system at 100 ℃ under vacuum for 1 hour. After stirring, the system was cooled to 70 ℃ and isophorone diisocyanate (0.3891 g), tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and the catalyst butyltin dilaurate (ca. 4 drops) were added. After stirring for 3 hours, 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (0.0592 g), 4' -dihydroxybiphenyl (0.0279 g) dimethyl sulfoxide (2 mL) and a catalyst of butyltin dilaurate (about 1 drop) were added, and after 3 hours, the mixture was poured into water, dried and collected for future use.
The setting parameters of the temperature-controllable stretcher are as follows: the stretching rate is 20mm/min, and the ambient temperature is-80 ℃. The test specimen was previously formed into a dumbbell shape having a width of about 5mm in the middle, a length of about 4mm and a thickness of about 1mm. The test result shows that the P3 has the stress strength of 13.01Mpa and the elongation of 2042 percent at the temperature of-80 ℃, and the healing efficiency is about 51 percent after healing for 48 hours.
The test, P2 is the best embodiment, the elastomer is used for preparing the ultra-low temperature capacitance type pressure sensor, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
example 1:
(1) Hot-pressing 2g of elastomer P2 to prepare a sensor substrate layer with the thickness of about 1 mm;
(2) Dissolving an elastomer P2, liquid metal gallium and silver flake powder in a solvent ethyl acetate according to a ratio (1;
(3) Preparing a sensor pressure-sensitive layer with the thickness of about 0.5mm by hot-pressing the high-ductility elastomer P2, and flatly paving the sensor pressure-sensitive layer on the middle electrode layer in the step (2);
(4) Printing the prepared mixed solution in the step (2) on the pressure-sensitive layer in the step (3) again;
(5) Hot-pressing the high-ductility elastomer to prepare a sensor pressure-sensitive layer with the thickness of 0.5mm, and flatly paving the sensor pressure-sensitive layer on the electrode layer in the step (4);
fig. 1 is a structural design diagram of an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the results of continuous responses by different weights at an ultra-low temperature of the capacitive pressure sensor in example 1. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the same-weight continuous response results at an ultra-low temperature of the capacitive pressure sensor in example 1. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the finger bending response at the ultra-low temperature of the capacitive pressure sensor in example 1. Fig. 6 is a graph showing the results of successive responses by different weights of the capacitive pressure sensor of example 1, stretched 100% at ultra-low temperatures.
As can be seen from fig. 1-2, the present invention uses an elastomer with high ductility at ultra-low temperature as a substrate layer, a pressure-sensitive layer and an encapsulation layer of a capacitive pressure sensor; and the mixed solution of the elastomer, the liquid metal gallium and the silver flake powder is used as an electrode layer of the capacitive pressure sensor. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the prepared capacitor can accurately respond to different weights at ultra-low temperatures (-80 ℃). As can be seen from FIG. 4, the prepared capacitor can have excellent stability at an ultra-low temperature (-80 ℃ C.). As can be seen from FIG. 5, the prepared capacitor can accurately respond to human body actions (finger bending, etc.) at ultralow temperature (-80 ℃). As can be seen from fig. 5, the prepared capacitor can exhibit high ductility at ultra-low temperatures (-80 ℃) and still exhibit accurate response to different weights after being stretched 100%. This will greatly facilitate the exploration of ultra-low temperature areas (polar regions, high altitude, etc.).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor is characterized by comprising a substrate layer, an electrode layer, a pressure-sensitive layer, an electrode layer and a packaging layer from bottom to top; wherein, the substrate layer, the pressure-sensitive layer and the packaging layer are all elastomers with high ductility at ultralow temperature; the dynamic supramolecular network constructed in the elastomer skeleton consists of one or more of quadruple hydrogen bonds, strong hydrogen bonds, weak hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, metal coordination bonds, ionic bonds and host-guest interaction; the electrode layer comprises an elastomer, liquid metal and silver flake powder.
2. The ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the elastomer is a quadruple hydrogen bonding polydimethylsiloxane elastomer.
3. The ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor according to claim 2, wherein said quadruple hydrogen bonding polydimethylsiloxane elastomer is prepared by: heating polydimethylsiloxane oil bath, vacuumizing and stirring; after stirring, adding isophorone diisocyanate, tetrahydrofuran and a catalytic amount of butyltin dilaurate;
continuing stirring, then adding 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone, 4' -dihydroxybiphenyl, dimethyl sulfoxide and catalytic amount of butyltin dilaurate, and continuing polymerizing to obtain a product;
wherein the polydimethylsiloxane: the mole ratio of isophorone diisocyanate is as follows: 4:6;4' -dihydroxybiphenyl: the molar ratio of the 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone is 0.6-1.2:0.8-1.4.
4. The ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder in the electrode layer is 1.
5. A method for preparing an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out hot pressing on the elastomer to prepare a sensor substrate layer with the thickness of about 1 mm;
(2) Dissolving the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder in a solvent according to a certain proportion, printing the mixture on the substrate layer obtained in the step (1), and airing the mixture at room temperature;
(3) Hot-pressing the high-ductility elastomer to prepare a sensor pressure-sensitive layer with the thickness of about 0.5mm, and flatly paving the sensor pressure-sensitive layer on the electrode layer in the step (2);
(4) Printing the mixed solution of the elastomer, the liquid metal and the silver flake powder prepared in the step (2) on the pressure-sensitive layer in the step (3);
(5) And (3) hot-pressing the high-ductility elastomer to prepare a sensor packaging layer with the thickness of about 0.5mm, and flatly paving the sensor packaging layer on the electrode layer in the step (2).
6. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor according to claim 5, wherein the liquid metal in step (2) is gallium.
7. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor according to claim 5, wherein the solvent in step (2) is one or a combination of two or more of ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
8. Use of an ultra-low temperature capacitive pressure sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for the preparation of ultra-low temperature electronic skin.
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| US20210381912A1 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-12-09 | Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University | Composite comprising ionic liquid, pressure sensor comprising same, and method for manufacturing pressure sensor |
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- 2022-08-20 CN CN202211001778.5A patent/CN115452206A/en active Pending
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| US20180231486A1 (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2018-08-16 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited | Self-healing platform unit for pressure and analyte sensing |
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