Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an open-web cantilever structure, which solves at least one of the problems of the prior art, such as small cantilever length, low cantilever efficiency, complex construction and occupation of lower space.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a hollow cantilever structure, which comprises a plurality of single cantilever units connected in sequence; the single-frame overhanging unit comprises a frame column, an upper beam, a lower beam and a connecting piece, wherein the upper beam and the lower beam are arranged in the vertical direction and erected on a mounting surface through the frame column; the connecting piece is a reinforced concrete connecting wall; or the connecting piece comprises a connecting vertical web member and a connecting diagonal web member, the top end of the connecting vertical web member is connected with the upper beam, and the bottom end of the connecting vertical web member is connected with the lower beam; two adjacent vertical web members, part upper beams and part lower beams are connected to form a rectangle, the oblique web members are connected to be arranged along the diagonal line of the rectangle, the top ends of the oblique web members are connected with the upper beams and the joints of the vertical web members, and the bottom ends of the oblique web members are connected with the joints of the lower beams and the adjacent vertical web members.
Furthermore, the connecting piece is a prefabricated piece, and the upper beam and the lower beam are cast-in-place pieces.
Further, the upper surface and the lower surface of the connecting piece are both in a sawtooth shape.
Furthermore, the zigzag single-tooth shape comprises an inclined edge, a first arc-shaped edge, a vertical edge and a second arc-shaped edge which are connected in sequence.
Furthermore, the number of the connecting pieces is 1, the connecting pieces are arranged at the end parts of the upper beam and the lower beam, the wall length of each connecting piece accounts for more than 30% of the length of the cantilever, and the wall thickness of each connecting piece is more than 300 mm; or the number of the connecting pieces is 1, and the connecting pieces are arranged at any position between the end parts of the upper beam and the lower beam and the frame column; or the number of the connecting pieces is multiple, and a gap is arranged between two connected connecting pieces.
The cantilever beam structure further comprises an upper plate and a lower plate, wherein the upper plate is laid on the upper beam of the plurality of single-truss cantilever units, and the lower plate is laid on the lower beam of the plurality of single-truss cantilever units.
Furthermore, a secondary upper beam is arranged between two adjacent upper beams, one end of the secondary upper beam is connected with one of the upper beams, and the other end of the secondary upper beam is connected with the other upper beam; the number of last time roof beam is a plurality of, a plurality of last time roof beam parallel arrangement, and last time roof beam is perpendicular with two upper beams respectively.
Furthermore, a secondary beam is arranged between every two adjacent lower beams, one end of the secondary beam is connected with one of the lower beams, and the other end of the secondary beam is connected with the other lower beam; the number of the lower secondary beams is multiple, the multiple lower secondary beams are arranged in parallel, and the lower secondary beams are respectively vertical to the two lower beams.
Furthermore, the end part of the upper beam is provided with an upper edge sealing beam.
Further, the end of the lower beam is provided with a lower edge sealing beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects.
A) In the hollow cantilever structure provided by the invention, the frame columns, the upper beam, the lower beam and the connecting piece are main stress structures, the upper beam and the lower beam are connected by arranging the connecting piece, the deformation of the upper beam and the lower beam is coordinated, the stress of the upper beam and the lower beam is improved, and the integral deformation of the hollow cantilever structure is reduced, so that the purpose of reducing the size of a component on the premise of ensuring the safety of the structure is achieved, and further, the cantilever structure with a stable structure is realized, and the structure does not occupy the building space and is simple and convenient to construct.
B) The hollow cantilever structure provided by the invention is mainly applied to the field of new construction and reconstruction of reinforced concrete structure engineering with the cantilever structure, and is particularly suitable for the field of cantilever structures with requirements on the effect of fair-faced concrete.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the drawings;
fig. 1 is a first structural schematic view of an open web cantilever structure provided by the present invention, wherein a connecting member is a connecting wall body, and the connecting member is located at the end portions of an upper beam and a lower beam;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shape of a connecting wall in the hollow cantilever structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detail view of a zigzag connecting wall in the hollow cantilever structure, wherein the arrow direction is the flow direction of concrete slurry;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second structure of the hollow cantilever structure according to the present invention, wherein the connecting member is a connecting wall, and the connecting member is located in the middle of the upper beam and the lower beam;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third structure of the hollow cantilever structure according to the present invention, wherein the connecting members are a plurality of connecting walls;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the hollow cantilever structure according to the present invention, wherein the connecting member includes a connecting vertical web member and a connecting diagonal web member;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of loading parameters of an open-web cantilever structure without connectors according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of loading parameters of a web-like cantilever structure with connectors according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the hollow cantilever structure without the connecting member according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the open-web cantilever structure provided with the connecting member according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the hollow cantilever structure with a wall length of 1.72m provided with the connecting members according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the hollow cantilever structure provided with the connecting member according to the first embodiment, wherein the wall length is 2.58m;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the hollow cantilever structure with the connecting member according to the first embodiment, wherein the wall length is 3.45m;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the displacement of the hollow cantilever structure with a wall length of 4.32m provided with the connecting members according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the displacement of the hollow cantilever structure with the connecting member according to the first embodiment, wherein the wall length is 5.2m.
Reference numerals: 1-frame columns; 2-upper beam; 3-a lower beam; 4-a connector; 401 — oblique edges; 402-a first arc-shaped edge; 403-vertical sides; 404-a second arc-shaped edge; 405-connecting vertical web members; 406-connecting diagonal web members; 5, mounting a sealing edge beam; 6-lower edge sealing beam; 7-upper plate; 8-lower plate.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The invention provides a hollow cantilever structure, which comprises a plurality of single cantilever units connected in sequence, wherein each single cantilever unit comprises a frame column 1, an upper beam 2, a lower beam 3 and a connecting piece 4, the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 are arranged in the vertical direction and erected on a mounting surface through the frame column 1, the connecting piece 4 is arranged between the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3, the top end of the connecting piece 4 is fixedly connected with the upper beam 2, and the bottom end of the connecting piece 4 is fixedly connected with the lower beam 3.
It should be noted that the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 are both made of reinforced concrete, that is, the upper beam 2 is an upper layer reinforced concrete beam, and the lower beam 3 is a lower layer reinforced concrete beam.
Compared with the prior art, in the hollow cantilever structure provided by the invention, the frame column 1, the upper beam 2, the lower beam 3 and the connecting piece 4 are main stress structures, the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 are connected by arranging the connecting piece 4, the deformation of the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 is coordinated, the stress of the upper beam and the lower beam is improved, and the integral deformation of the hollow cantilever structure is reduced, so that the purpose of reducing the size of a component on the premise of ensuring the structure safety is achieved, and further, the cantilever structure with stable structure is realized, and the structure does not occupy the building space and is simple and convenient to construct.
It should be noted that the hollow cantilever structure is mainly applied to the field of new construction and reinforced concrete structure reconstruction engineering with the cantilever structure, and is particularly applicable to the field of cantilever structures with requirements on the effect of fair-faced concrete.
As for the kind of the connecting member 4, the following two ways can be adopted:
in one of the modes, the connecting member 4 is a reinforced concrete connecting wall, and the reinforced concrete connecting wall is a solid wall. The reinforced concrete connecting wall is used as the connecting piece 4, and has the characteristics of simple construction, strong integrity and good mechanical property.
Considering that the connecting piece 4 is a prefabricated piece, the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 are cast-in-place pieces, and the contact surfaces of the two inevitably have certain difference due to different construction modes, in order to improve the contact stability between the two, the upper surface and the lower surface of the connecting piece 4 are both in a sawtooth shape, so that the roughness between the contact surfaces of the connecting piece 4 and the upper beam 2 and the contact surfaces of the lower beam 3 are increased, and the connection strength between the two can be effectively improved by the sawtooth-shaped contact surfaces. In addition, due to the zigzag arrangement, connecting pieces between the connecting pieces 4 and the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 can be omitted, and the hollow cantilever structure is effectively simplified.
For the zigzag single tooth shape, the tooth comprises an inclined side 401, a first arc-shaped side 402, a vertical side 403 and a second arc-shaped side 404 which are connected in sequence. This is because, due to the arrangement of the serrated portion, there may occur a problem that concrete grout cannot be poured to the serrated corners in the production process of the connecting member 4 and the grouting process of the connecting member 4, and by designing the shape of the single tooth, concrete grout can flow into the serrated corners along the inclined side 401 and the first curved side 402, and then flow into the next single tooth along the vertical side 403 and the second curved side 404.
In another mode, the connecting piece 4 comprises a connecting vertical web member 405 and a connecting diagonal web member 406, the top end of the connecting vertical web member 405 is connected with the upper beam 2, the bottom end of the connecting vertical web member 405 is connected with the lower beam 3, two adjacent connecting vertical web members 405, a part of the upper beam 2 and a part of the lower beam 3 form a rectangle, the connecting diagonal web members 406 are arranged along the diagonal line of the rectangle, the top end of the connecting diagonal web member is connected with the connecting part of the upper beam 2 and the connecting vertical web member 405, and the bottom end of the connecting diagonal web member is connected with the connecting part of the lower beam 3 and the adjacent connecting vertical web member 405. With the connecting piece 4 of such a structure, gaps are formed between every two adjacent connecting vertical web members 405, between the connecting vertical web members 405 and between the connecting diagonal web members 406, and the gaps can facilitate the light transmission or the pipeline to pass through.
Furthermore, different arrangements of the connecting elements 4 can be used, depending on the building requirements.
In the first mode, the number of the connecting pieces 4 is 1, the connecting pieces 4 are arranged at the end parts of the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3, and the arrangement mode only adopts 1 connecting piece 4, so that the structure and the construction process are simple.
For the hollow overhanging structure with the connecting piece 4 arranged at the end part, in order to meet the standard requirement and ensure that the connecting piece 4 has enough shearing-resistant safety reserve, the length ratio of the wall length of the connecting piece 4 to the overhanging length is more than 30 percent, and the wall thickness of the connecting piece 4 is more than 300mm.
In the second mode, the number of the connecting pieces 4 is 1, the connecting pieces 4 are arranged at any position between the end parts of the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3 and the frame column 1, and exemplarily, the connecting pieces 4 are arranged in the middle of the overhanging part of the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3.
In the third mode, the number of the connecting pieces 4 is multiple, for example, 2, a gap is formed between every two connected connecting pieces 4, and the connecting pieces 4 are uniformly arranged.
In order to provide a working surface of a hollow linear structure and to provide a function of using the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 3, the hollow cantilever structure further includes an upper plate 7 and a lower plate 8, the upper plate 7 is laid on the upper beam 2 among the plurality of single cantilever units, and the lower plate 8 is laid on the lower beam 3 among the plurality of single cantilever units.
In order to reduce the thickness of the upper plate 7 while ensuring the structural strength in consideration of the large distance between two adjacent upper beams 2, a plurality of upper beams are provided, and the plurality of upper beams are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular to the two upper beams 2, for example, in order to reduce the thickness of the upper plate 7 while one end of each of the two adjacent upper beams 2 is connected to one of the upper beams 2 and the other end of each of the upper beams is connected to the other upper beam 2. Like this, through the setting of secondary beam, can reduce the thickness of upper plate 7 on the basis of guaranteeing structural strength, and then can reduce the whole atress of the structure of encorbelmenting on an empty stomach, guarantee main atress stable in structure.
Similarly, in consideration of the fact that the distance between two adjacent lower beams 3 is large, in order to reduce the thickness of the lower plate 8 while ensuring the structural strength, a plurality of lower beams are provided between two adjacent lower beams 3, one end of each lower beam is connected to one of the lower beams 3, and the other end of each lower beam is connected to the other lower beam 3, and the plurality of lower beams are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular to the two lower beams 3, respectively. Like this, through the setting of secondary beam, can reduce the thickness of hypoplastron 8 under the basis of guaranteeing structural strength, and then can reduce the whole atress of the structure of encorbelmenting on an empty stomach, guarantee main atress stable in structure.
In order to effectively restrain the end of the upper plate 7 and simultaneously play a role in coordinating the displacement of the end of each hollow cantilever structure, the end of the upper beam 2 is provided with an upper edge sealing beam 5.
Similarly, a lower edge banding beam 6 is provided at the end of the lower beam 3 in order to effectively restrain the end of the lower plate 8 and also to coordinate the displacement of the end of the hollow cantilever structure.
Example one
In this embodiment, the connecting member is provided at the end portions of the upper beam and the lower beam, the overhanging length is 8.7m, the height of the upper beam and the lower beam is 950mm, and various dimensional parameters of the connecting member are as shown in table 2 below.
The following compares the displacement and internal force of the cantilever structure with and without the reinforced concrete wall at the end under the same cantilever length, the same member cross section, and the same load, see table 1 and fig. 7 to 10.
TABLE 1 comparison of internal forces of open-web overhanging structure under constant load and live load conditions
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 9 to 10, the connection member is disposed between the upper beam and the lower beam, so that the beam support bending moment can be effectively reduced (the upper beam is reduced by 30%, the lower beam is reduced by 56%) and the cantilever structure end displacement (the lower end displacement is reduced by 89%), the support shear force of the upper beam and the lower beam is not changed greatly (the weight is increased in consideration of the increased reinforced concrete wall), and the axial force of the upper beam and the lower beam is significantly increased.
The formula is formed by the total bending moment of the cantilever structure (see formula 1), the total bending moment is determined by the cantilever length and the load, the term is a fixed value for determining the structure, and the ratio of the resisting bending moment provided by the axial force is increased due to the increase of the axial force of the upper beam and the lower beam, so that the bending moment of the ends of the upper beam and the lower beam is reduced, the cross sections and the reinforcing bars of the upper beam and the lower beam can be reduced, and the purpose of realizing large cantilever by using a small cross section is achieved.
Total bending moment M = M1+ M2+ NxH-formula 1
Wherein M1 is bending moment at the root of the upper beam, KN.m; m2 is the bending moment of the root of the lower beam, KN.m; n is axial force, KN; h is the story height, i.e. the distance between the upper and lower beams, m.
It should be noted that, after the connecting members are arranged, a large wall shearing force exists in the plane of the wall body, which is generated by the axial force in the upper layer beam and the lower layer beam and is equal to the axial force in the upper layer beam and the lower layer beam in value, so that the arranged reinforced concrete wall must ensure the effective transmission of the shearing force.
Table 2 compares 5 cases of 1.72m, 2.58m, 3.45m, 4.32m and 5.2m of connectors at the ends, i.e. wall lengths of connectors of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of the total cantilever length, shear variation in wall surfaces, and cross-sectional constraints of 200mm wall thickness and 300mm wall thickness (i.e. wall shear should not be greater than 0.15 fcbh0).
TABLE 2 connection of various parameters and wall shear data
As can be seen from Table 2, as the wall length increases, the wall shear increases accordingly, and for a wall thickness of 300mm, the wall shear can meet the requirement of not more than 0.15 fcbh0. For a wall thickness of 200mm, the wall length is less than 2.5m, the wall shearing force is greater than 0.15 fcbh0, namely the cross section limiting condition is not met, the specification requirement is not met, the wall length is greater than 2.5m, the ratio of the wall shearing force to the wall shearing force of 0.15 fcbh0 is also less than 1.6, namely the shearing resistance safety reserve of the connecting piece is insufficient. Therefore, for the hollow overhanging structure with the connecting piece arranged at the end part, the wall length should not be less than 30% of the overhanging length, and the wall thickness should not be less than 300mm.
For the vertical displacement of the overhanging end part corresponding to the above 5 structures provided with the connecting wall, see fig. 11 to 15, the requirements that 3.4.3 bars in concrete structure design specification should not be larger than 1/300 are met, along with the increase of the length of the wall, the vertical displacement of the overhanging end part is continuously reduced, and the small displacement is beneficial to the structural comfort and the reduction of cracks, therefore, the longer the wall of the overhanging end part connecting wall is, the better.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.