CN115450204A - Construction method for hole forming of karst cave geological concrete by recharging and matching with rotary digging of steel pile casing - Google Patents
Construction method for hole forming of karst cave geological concrete by recharging and matching with rotary digging of steel pile casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115450204A CN115450204A CN202211267950.1A CN202211267950A CN115450204A CN 115450204 A CN115450204 A CN 115450204A CN 202211267950 A CN202211267950 A CN 202211267950A CN 115450204 A CN115450204 A CN 115450204A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/06—Foundation trenches ditches or narrow shafts
- E02D17/08—Bordering or stiffening the sides of ditches trenches or narrow shafts for foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/385—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with removal of the outer mould-pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/003—Injection of material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method for forming a hole by combining recharging of concrete in karst cave geology and rotary drilling of a steel protective cylinder, and relates to the technical field of building construction. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the karst cave or the groove to obtain the filling height; reaming from the original landform to the bottom of the karst cave or the groove by adopting a large-diameter drill bit; performing integral recharge filling or bottom filling based on the filling height; carrying out follow-up treatment by adopting a steel protective pipe; and (5) adopting a pore-forming drill to form pores. The construction method for forming the hole by matching the recharging of the karst geological concrete with the rotary drilling of the steel pile casing solves the problems that the pile forming is difficult due to the karst cave (groove) encountered in the hole forming process of the rotary drilling cast-in-place pile, the pile forming quality of a pile body is difficult to ensure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a construction method for forming holes by rotating and digging a steel casing in cooperation with recharging of concrete in karst cave geology.
Background
With the continuous improvement of construction technology, building modeling is more novel and diversified, and in order to meet the needs of engineering construction, pile foundations are widely used as the most effective way to improve foundation bearing capacity, and are generally divided into anchor static pressure piles, prestressed centrifugal pipe piles, reinforced concrete precast piles, steel piles, concrete cast-in-place piles and manual hole digging piles. The concrete cast-in-place pile accounts for about 50% of the weight of the pile foundation construction, and the construction of the rotary drilling cast-in-place pile is generally divided into dry operation and slurry wall protection operation. However, due to the influence of geological conditions, the problems that the steel casing is inclined and the perpendicularity of the pile body cannot be guaranteed exist in the hole forming construction process of the rotary drilling cast-in-situ pile in karst cave geology, and the quality risk of pile body pile forming easily occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for forming a hole by matching concrete recharging of a karst cave and rotary drilling of a steel pile casing, which solves the defects of the prior art and solves the problems that the rotary drilling cast-in-place pile meets a karst cave (groove) in the hole forming process to cause difficult pile forming, difficult pile body pile forming quality guarantee and the like.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the embodiment of the application provides a construction method for forming a hole by matching concrete recharging and steel casing rotary drilling in a karst cave, which comprises the following steps:
measuring the karst cave or the groove to obtain the filling height;
reaming from the original landform to the bottom of the karst cave or the groove by adopting a large-diameter drill bit;
performing integral recharge filling or bottom filling based on the filling height;
carrying out follow-up treatment by adopting a steel protective pipe;
and (5) adopting a pore-forming drill to form pores.
The construction method for forming the hole by matching the concrete recharging of the karst cave with the rotary drilling of the steel pile casing solves the defects of the prior art, and solves the problems that the pile forming is difficult due to the fact that the rotary drilling cast-in-place pile meets the karst cave (groove) in the hole forming process, the pile forming quality of a pile body is difficult to guarantee, and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing bulk-refill filling or underfill based on the fill height comprises: if the filling height is less than or equal to the preset height, performing integral recharging and filling; and if the filling height is greater than the preset height, performing bottom filling, wherein the bottom filling comprises filling along the irregular plane of the bottom of the karst cave or the groove to obtain a horizontal filling and leveling layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the preset height is 2m.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing the integral recharge filling comprises: c20 concrete is adopted for recharging and filling, and the top of the karst cave or the groove is filled to a preset filling height.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the following processing step using the steel sheath includes: and sinking the steel pile casing by adopting auxiliary hoisting equipment to enable the steel pile casing to reach a concrete filling and leveling layer and ensure that the verticality of the steel pile casing reaches the preset verticality.
In some embodiments of the invention, the large diameter drill bit has a larger bore diameter than the pore forming drill bit.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step of reaming the cavern or the bottom of the groove from the original landform with a large-diameter drill bit comprises:
reaming is carried out from the original landform along the radial direction of the karst cave or the groove by adopting a large-diameter drill with a preset diameter, wherein:
d 1 ＝D+200mm
wherein d is 1 The diameter of the large-diameter drill bit is preset, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
In some embodiments of the invention, the following step using the steel casing comprises:
the height of the steel casing is as follows:
H＝h+1000mm
h is the height of the steel casing, and H is the filling height of the karst cave or the groove;
the thickness of the steel casing is 25mm;
the outer diameter of the steel casing is as follows:
d 2 ＝D+200mm
wherein, d 2 The diameter of the steel casing is the outer diameter of the steel casing, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of drilling with a drill bit comprises: the diameter of the pore-forming drill bit is the same as the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of drilling with a drill bit comprises: and forming holes downwards along the bottom of the karst cave or the groove.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
1) The disposable steel casing does not need to be pulled out, so that the condition that a pile cannot be cast due to a karst cave (groove) is avoided;
2) Compared with the pile formed by directly pouring concrete in a karst cave (groove), the pile forming method has the advantages that the risk of unpredictability is lower, and the pile forming risk is ensured;
3) C20 concrete is adopted to fill the irregular plane at the bottom of the karst cave (groove) (the requirement of horizontally placing the bottom of the steel casing is met, the phenomenon that the steel casing inclines due to the irregular plane at the bottom of the karst cave (groove) when the disposable steel casing is placed is avoided), and then the steel casing follow-up method is adopted to assist the pile forming, so that the perpendicularity of the pile body is ensured, and the quality risk of the pile formed by the pile body is also ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a construction method for hole forming by the aid of concrete recharging and steel casing rotary digging in a karst cave provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hole formed by the concrete recharging of the karst cave and the rotary drilling of the steel casing according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually arranged when the product of the present invention is used, the description is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and thus, the present invention cannot be understood as being limited. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment provides a flow schematic diagram of a construction method for forming a hole by rotating a steel casing in a hole in a karst cave geological concrete recharging manner, which may include the following steps:
and S100, measuring the karst cave or the groove to obtain the filling height.
In step S100, a natural electric field method, an EH4 method, a high-density electric method, or a quadrupole electric depth method may be used to measure the geology and depth of the karst cave or trench, so that it is beneficial for the constructor to select different construction methods according to the structures of different karst caves or trenches, thereby saving raw materials and ensuring the stability of the pile.
S200, reaming a hole from an original landform to the bottom of the karst cave or the groove by adopting a large-diameter drill bit;
in step S200, a large-diameter drill bit with a preset diameter may be used to perform hole expansion from an original landform in a radial direction of the cavern or the groove, wherein:
d 1 ＝D+200mm
wherein d is 1 The diameter of the large-diameter drill bit is preset, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
It can be understood that the large-diameter drill bit can ensure that the disposable steel casing sinks and is placed smoothly, the phenomenon that the steel casing is embedded due to the influence of a raised part in a karst cave or a groove is avoided, and the situation that a pile cannot be poured due to the karst cave (groove) is avoided.
And S300, performing integral recharging filling or bottom filling based on the filling height.
In step S300, if the filling height is less than or equal to the preset height, performing the integral recharging filling; and if the filling height is greater than the preset height, performing bottom filling, wherein the bottom filling comprises filling along the irregular plane of the bottom of the karst cave or the groove to obtain a horizontal filling and leveling layer.
In this embodiment, the preset height is 2m.
It can be understood that, when the height of the karst cave (trench) is more than 2m in the process of pile foundation pore-forming, the cavity inside the karst cave (trench) is large, the cost and the construction period of the method for collecting and pouring concrete are not easy to control, so that the irregular plane at the bottom of the karst cave or trench is selected for filling to obtain a horizontal filling layer.
It can also be understood that the horizontal filling and leveling layer can meet the horizontal placement requirement of the bottom of the steel casing, and the steel casing is prevented from inclining due to the irregular plane at the bottom of the karst cave (groove) when the disposable steel casing is placed.
In step S300, the step of performing the whole refilling and filling includes: c20 concrete is adopted for recharging and filling, and the top of the karst cave or the groove is filled to a preset filling height.
It can be understood that the C20 concrete means that the compression strength value of each cube is 20MPa, and the concrete has higher compression strength at the moment, so that the stable support of the steel casing can be ensured.
It can also be understood that the top of the karst cave or the groove is filled to a preset filling height, so that concrete for filling the karst cave (groove) cannot be damaged during secondary drilling hole forming, and the problem of overlarge filling coefficient during pile body concrete pouring is avoided.
And S400, carrying out follow-up treatment by adopting a steel protective pipe.
In step S400, the steel casing may be sunk by using the auxiliary hoisting device, so that the steel casing reaches the concrete leveling layer, and the verticality of the steel casing is ensured to reach the preset verticality. Correspondingly, pile foundation positioning, pile body perpendicularity, pile bottom sediment thickness, reinforcement cage manufacturing and concrete pouring meet the requirements of relevant rotary excavating cast-in-place pile construction specifications.
In step S400, the height of the steel casing is:
H＝h+1000mm
h is the height of the steel casing, and H is the filling height of the karst cave or the groove;
the thickness of the steel casing is 25mm;
the outer diameter of the steel casing is as follows:
d 2 ＝D+200mm
wherein d is 2 The diameter of the steel casing is the outer diameter of the steel casing, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
And S500, adopting a pore-forming drill to form pores.
In step S500, the aperture of the large-diameter drill is larger than the aperture of the hole-forming drill. It can be understood that the aperture of the large-diameter drill bit is larger than that of the pore-forming drill bit, so that secondary drilling of the pore-forming drill bit is facilitated, and the occurrence of interference is avoided.
In step S500, in the step of reaming the hole from the original landform to the bottom of the karst cave or the trench by using the large-diameter drill, the method may further include:
and reaming along the radial direction of the karst cave or the groove from the original landform by adopting a large-diameter drill with a preset diameter, wherein:
d 1 ＝D+200mm
wherein d is 1 The diameter of the large-diameter drill bit is preset, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
In summary, the pile foundation hole forming is divided into two specific embodiments.
(1) The implementation mode that the pile foundation meets karst caves (grooves) (the height is less than or equal to 2 m) in the hole forming process is as follows:
when the height of a karst cave (groove) is less than or equal to 2m in the pile foundation pore-forming process, a drill bit with the diameter of D (pile diameter of the pile foundation) +200mm is adopted to ream from the original landform to the bottom of the karst cave (groove), then the karst cave (groove) is filled with C20 concrete in a back-filling mode, the top of the karst cave (groove) at the drilling position is filled to a certain range in the back-filling mode, and it is guaranteed that concrete for filling the karst cave (groove) cannot be damaged in secondary drilling pore-forming, and the filling coefficient is too large in pile body concrete pouring.
In this embodiment, the lateral range and size of the karst cave (groove) cannot be determined, even though the karst cave (groove) with the height of 2m may have very high concrete recharging amount, therefore, in this case, it is recommended to adopt a disposable steel casing with the wall thickness of 25mm, the outer diameter of design pile diameter D +200mm, the height of karst cave (groove) h +1000mm to follow to the bottom of the karst cave (groove), and finally adopt a drill bit with the diameter of D (pile diameter) to form a hole below the bottom of the karst cave (groove) until the rock-socketing depth requirement is met.
(2) Meet the implementation mode of karst cave (slot) (height > 2 m) in the pile foundation pore-forming process:
when the height of the karst cave (groove) is larger than 2m in the pile foundation pore-forming process, the volume of the cavity in the karst cave (groove) is large, and the cost and the construction period of a concrete pouring method are not easy to control. Therefore, a drill bit with the pile diameter D +200mm is adopted to perform hole expansion treatment to the bottom of the karst cave (groove), C20 concrete is adopted to fill the irregular plane at the bottom of the karst cave (groove) (meeting the horizontal placement requirement of the bottom of the steel casing, the phenomenon that the steel casing inclines due to the irregular plane at the bottom of the karst cave (groove) when the disposable steel casing is placed is avoided, then a steel casing follow-up method (disposable steel casing) is adopted, the height H = the height H +1000mm of the karst cave (groove), the wall thickness of the casing is 25mm, the outer diameter of the steel casing is the designed pile diameter D +200mm, auxiliary hoisting equipment is adopted to slowly sink the steel casing, the steel casing reaches the concrete filling position and ensures that the verticality of the steel casing meets the specification and design requirements, and finally a drill bit with the diameter D (pile diameter) below the bottom of the karst cave (groove) is adopted to perform hole expansion until the rock embedding depth requirement is met.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method for hole forming through rotary digging of a steel pile casing in cooperation with recharging of karst cave geological concrete is used for pile foundation hole forming and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
measuring the karst cave or the groove to obtain the filling height;
reaming from the original landform to the bottom of the karst cave or the groove by adopting a large-diameter drill bit;
performing integral recharge filling or bottom filling based on the filling height;
carrying out follow-up treatment by adopting a steel protective pipe;
and (5) adopting a pore-forming drill to form pores.
2. The construction method for the rotary drilling of the steel casing with the recharging cooperation of the karst cave geological concrete according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing the integral recharging filling or the bottom filling based on the filling height comprises the following steps:
if the filling height is less than or equal to the preset height, performing integral recharging filling;
and if the filling height is greater than the preset height, performing bottom filling, wherein the bottom filling comprises filling along the bottom irregular plane of the karst cave or the groove to obtain a horizontal filling and leveling layer.
3. The construction method for forming the hole by the aid of the steel casing rotary drilling and the concrete reinjection in the karst cave geological region according to claim 2, wherein the preset height is 2m.
4. The construction method for the rotary drilling of the steel casing according to claim 2, wherein the step of integral recharging and filling comprises the following steps:
c20 concrete is adopted for recharging and filling, and the top of the karst cave or the groove is filled to a preset filling height.
5. The construction method for the cave geological concrete recharging matching steel casing rotary drilling hole forming according to claim 2, wherein in the step of performing follow-up processing by using the steel casing, the method comprises the following steps:
and sinking the steel pile casing by adopting auxiliary hoisting equipment to enable the steel pile casing to reach a concrete filling and leveling layer and ensure that the verticality of the steel pile casing reaches the preset verticality.
6. The construction method for the cave geological concrete recharging matching steel casing rotary drilling hole forming according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the large-diameter drill bit is larger than that of the hole forming drill bit.
7. The construction method for hole forming by matching the recharging of the karst cave geological concrete with the rotary drilling of the steel casing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step of hole expanding from an original landform to the bottom of the karst cave or the groove by adopting a large-diameter drill bit, the method comprises the following steps:
and reaming along the radial direction of the karst cave or the groove from the original landform by adopting a large-diameter drill with a preset diameter, wherein:
d 1 ＝D+200mm
wherein, d 1 The diameter of the large-diameter drill bit is preset, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
8. The construction method for the cave geological concrete recharging and steel casing rotary drilling hole forming according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the step of performing follow-up processing by using a steel casing comprises the following steps:
the height of the steel casing is as follows:
H＝h+1000mm
h is the height of the steel casing, and H is the filling height of the karst cave or the groove;
the thickness of the steel casing is 25mm;
the outer diameter of the steel casing is as follows:
d 2 ＝D+200mm
wherein, d 2 The diameter of the steel casing is the outer diameter of the steel casing, and D is the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
9. The construction method for the rotary drilling of the steel casing according to claim 1, wherein the step of drilling the hole by using a hole-forming drill bit comprises the following steps:
the diameter of the pore-forming drill bit is the same as the pile diameter of the pile foundation.
10. The construction method for the rotary drilling of the steel casing according to claim 9, wherein the step of drilling the hole by using a hole-forming drill bit comprises the following steps:
and forming holes downwards along the bottom of the karst cave or the groove.
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| CN202211267950.1A CN115450204B (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | Construction method for rotary digging and pore forming of karst cave geological concrete recharging matched with steel casing |
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| CN202211267950.1A CN115450204B (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | Construction method for rotary digging and pore forming of karst cave geological concrete recharging matched with steel casing |
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| CN108086342A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-29 | 中交第三航务工程局有限公司宁波分公司 | The construction method of karst strata pile foundation |
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