CN115448987A - Method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch - Google Patents
Method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch Download PDFInfo
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- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003398 denaturant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000196 viscometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
- C08B31/003—Crosslinking of starch
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/04—Extraction or purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing sweet potato starch and water, sequentially adding an alkali regulator and phosphorus oxychloride, and adding hydrochloric acid for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry; adding water into the sweet potato slurry, adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution to obtain a concentrated sweet potato slurry, heating, adding a calcium chloride solution, uniformly stirring, reducing the temperature, separating out sweet potato starch, filtering, and drying to obtain the high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch. The invention combines physical separation with chemical separation, thereby improving the extraction rate and the purity of the primarily prepared sweet potato starch; the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is improved through crosslinking with phosphorus oxychloride and mixing reaction with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution; the purity and whiteness of the sweet potato starch are improved through the salting-out and recrystallization effects of calcium chloride, and the sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low spots is finally prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of starch processing, in particular to a high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch purification method.
Background
The sweet potato starch is processed from sweet potatoes and has poor quality. Dark gray, coarse texture, poor viscosity, but strong swelling. Sweet potatoes, also called sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes and sweet potatoes have high nutritive value, contain various vitamins and trace elements, also contain rich lysine, and are favorable for balanced nutrition after being eaten frequently. The high-viscosity sweet potato starch is widely applied to the aspects of food, industry, medicine, printing and dyeing and the like.
At present, the sweet potato starch prepared by the traditional sweet potato processing method has dark color, rough texture and poor viscosity, but has strong swelling property, so that the starch quality is poor. Two main factors influencing the viscosity of the sweet potato starch are included, namely, the sweet potato starch contains more branches and the starch viscosity is higher; secondly, the more phosphate groups in the sweet potato starch, the higher the starch viscosity. In addition, the improper extraction method causes the problems of more spots, low purity, low extraction rate and the like.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a purification method of sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low speckles.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for purifying sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low speckles, which combines physical and chemical separation by using two methods of deslagging vibration sieve and acid slurry, and improves the extraction rate and purity of the primarily prepared sweet potato starch; the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is improved through crosslinking with phosphorus oxychloride, and the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is further improved through mixing reaction with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution; and finally, the purity and whiteness of the sweet potato starch are improved through salting-out and recrystallization of calcium chloride, and the sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low spots is finally prepared.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch comprises the following steps:
s1, taking sweet potato starch and water, uniformly mixing, adding an alkali regulator until the pH value is 8-9.5, adding phosphorus oxychloride, uniformly stirring, reacting for 0.5-1h, and adding hydrochloric acid for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry;
s2, adding water into the sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S1 to adjust the concentration to Be 20-24Be degrees, adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution, uniformly stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, and then performing vacuum dehydration until the starch water content is 30-45% to obtain concentrated sweet potato slurry;
and S3, heating the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to 40-60 ℃, adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2-3%, uniformly stirring, reducing the temperature to 10-20 ℃, separating out sweet potato starch, filtering and drying to obtain the high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch.
Preferably, in step S1, the sweet potato starch is prepared by the following method:
removing root hairs, insect eyes and black spots on the surface of the sweet potato, cutting off the rotten part, and then putting the sweet potato into water to stir and clean to obtain clean sweet potato; putting clean sweet potatoes into a file grinder, grinding the clean sweet potatoes into sweet potato fiber floccules, adding 8-10 times of clear water, and filtering and removing residues by using a residue removal vibrating screen to obtain sweet potato emulsion; then, separating by adopting an acid slurry method to obtain the sweet potato starch.
The technical effect of adopting the technical scheme is as follows: the slag removing efficiency is high, the speed is high, the cleaning is realized, and no sweet potato fiber exists in the filtrate.
Preferably, the operation of the acid slurry process is: adding the acid pulp into the sweet potato emulsion at the temperature of 15-25 ℃, wherein the pH value of the acid pulp is 3.2-4.5, the adding amount of the acid pulp is 2-4% of the weight of the starch emulsion, stirring uniformly, standing and precipitating for 0.5-1h, extracting the swill on the upper layer, adding water and the starch on the lower layer for mixing, re-precipitating the starch, taking out the starch and drying to obtain the sweet potato starch.
The technical effect of adopting the technical scheme is as follows: the pH value of the adopted sour pulp is 3.2-4.5, the extraction rate of starch is improved, and sweet potato starch is white and clean and has better taste through multiple precipitation and filtration processes.
Preferably, in step S1, the weight ratio of sweet potato starch to water is 1: (1-2); the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the phosphorus oxychloride is as follows: 1: (0.0001-0.001).
The technical effect of adopting the technical scheme is as follows: phosphorus oxychloride is added under the condition of pH value of 8-9.5 to generate slight crosslinking, reaction conditions do not need to be controlled additionally, and meanwhile, the stability of the high-viscosity sweet potato starch is improved, so that the mouthfeel of the sweet potato starch is improved.
Preferably, in step S1, the alkalinity regulator is 1-5wt% sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 8-10wt%.
Preferably, in the step S2, the concentration of the sodium tripolyphosphate solution is 2-6%, and the addition amount is 2-5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch; the concentration of the urea solution is 0.5-1.0%, and the addition amount is 2-5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch.
The technical effect of adopting the technical scheme is as follows: by adding the denaturant, the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is further improved under the concentration range.
Preferably, in step S3, the addition amount of the calcium chloride solution is 0.5-1% of the mass of the sweet potato starch.
The technical effect of adopting the technical scheme is as follows: the calcium chloride with the concentration in the range is adopted to further recrystallize the high-viscosity starch through salting-out action, thereby improving the purity of the product.
Preferably, in step S3, the drying operation is: drying in a steam drying oven with inlet air temperature of 100-120 deg.C and tail gas temperature of 40-50 deg.C for 5-10min.
Preferably, the water is deionized water prepared by using a reverse osmosis membrane, and the conductivity of the water is 1-3us/cm.
The technical effect of adopting the technical scheme is as follows: deionized water for changing the water conductivity is used for processing, and the viscosity of the starch is improved.
The invention also provides the sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low spots prepared by the purification method.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for purifying the sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low spots disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch purification method, which combines physical and chemical separation by using two methods of deslagging and vibrating screen and acid pulp, and improves the extraction rate and purity of primarily prepared sweet potato starch; the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is improved by crosslinking with phosphorus oxychloride, and the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is further improved by mixing reaction with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution; and finally, the purity and whiteness of the sweet potato starch are improved through the salting-out and recrystallization effects of calcium chloride.
(2) The preparation method is simple, improves the viscosity of the sweet potato starch, and can be widely used for industrial production of the sweet potato starch.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the examples of the present invention, all the materials such as sweet potato, hydrochloric acid, sodium tripolyphosphate, etc. are commercially available materials commonly used by those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for purifying sweet potato starch with high viscosity and low speckles, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing sweet potato starch and water, adding an alkali regulator until the pH value is 8-9.5, adding phosphorus oxychloride, uniformly stirring, reacting for 0.5-1h, and adding hydrochloric acid for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry;
s2, adding water into the sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S1 to adjust the concentration to Be 20-24Be degrees, adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution, uniformly stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, and then performing vacuum dehydration until the starch water content is 30-45% to obtain concentrated sweet potato slurry;
and S3, heating the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to 40-60 ℃, adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2-3%, uniformly stirring, reducing the temperature to 10-20 ℃, separating out sweet potato starch, filtering and drying to obtain the high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step S1, the sweet potato starch is prepared by the following method:
removing root hairs, insect eyes and black spots on the surface of the sweet potato, cutting off rotten parts, and then putting the sweet potato into water to stir and clean to obtain clean sweet potatoes; putting clean sweet potatoes into a rasping grinder to be ground into sweet potato fiber floccules, adding 8-10 times of clear water, and filtering and deslagging by using a deslagging vibrating screen to obtain sweet potato emulsion; then, separating by adopting an acid slurry method to obtain the sweet potato starch.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the operation of the acid pulp method comprises the following steps: adding the acid pulp into the sweet potato emulsion at the temperature of 15-25 ℃, wherein the pH value of the acid pulp is 3.2-4.5, the adding amount of the acid pulp is 2-4% of the weight of the starch emulsion, stirring uniformly, standing and precipitating for 0.5-1h, extracting the swill on the upper layer, adding water and the starch on the lower layer for mixing, re-precipitating the starch, taking out the starch and drying to obtain the sweet potato starch.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the method for purifying high-viscosity low-speckle sweet potato starch according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S1, the weight ratio of sweet potato starch to water is 1: (1-2); the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the phosphorus oxychloride is as follows: 1: (0.0001-0.001).
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step S1, the alkalinity regulator is 1-5wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 8-10wt%.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step S2, the concentration of the sodium tripolyphosphate solution is 2-6%, and the addition amount is 2-5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch; the concentration of the urea solution is 0.5-1.0%, and the addition amount is 2-5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, in the step S3, the addition amount of the calcium chloride solution is 0.5-1% of the mass of the sweet potato starch.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, in step S3, the drying operation is: drying in a steam drying box with inlet air temperature of 100-120 deg.C and tail gas temperature of 40-50 deg.C for 5-10min.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the water is deionized water prepared by a reverse osmosis membrane, so that the conductivity of the water is 1-3us/cm.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing root hairs, insect eyes and black spots on the surface of the sweet potato, cutting off rotten parts, and then putting the sweet potato into water to stir and clean to obtain clean sweet potatoes; putting clean sweet potatoes into a rasping grinder to be ground into sweet potato fiber floccules, adding 10 times of clear water, and filtering and deslagging by using a deslagging vibrating screen to obtain sweet potato emulsion; then, adding the acid pulp into the sweet potato emulsion at the temperature of 15 ℃, wherein the pH value of the acid pulp is 3.2, the adding amount of the acid pulp is 2 percent of the weight of the starch emulsion, stirring uniformly, standing and precipitating for 0.5h, extracting swill on the upper layer, adding water and starch on the lower layer for mixing, re-precipitating the starch, taking out the starch and drying to obtain sweet potato starch;
uniformly mixing sweet potato starch and water, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the water is 1:1, adding 1wt% sodium hydroxide solution to a pH value of 9.5; adding phosphorus oxychloride, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the phosphorus oxychloride is as follows: 1:0.0001, stirring uniformly, reacting for 1h, adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 10wt% for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry;
s2, adding water into the sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S1 to adjust the concentration to Be 24Be degrees, adding a 6% sodium tripolyphosphate solution with the addition amount of 2% of the mass of the sweet potato starch and a 1.0% urea solution with the addition amount of 5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch, uniformly stirring and reacting for 1 hour, and performing vacuum dehydration until the starch water content is 45% to obtain the concentrated sweet potato slurry;
s3, heating the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to 60 ℃, adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2%, wherein the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch, uniformly stirring, then reducing the temperature to 20 ℃, separating out the sweet potato starch, filtering, and drying in a steam drying oven with the air inlet temperature of 100 ℃ and the tail gas temperature of 40 ℃ for 10min to obtain high-viscosity and low-spot sweet potato starch;
wherein, the water is deionized water prepared by a reverse osmosis membrane, so that the conductivity of the water is 1us/cm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing root hairs, insect eyes and black spots on the surface of sweet potatoes, cutting off rotten parts, and then putting the sweet potatoes into water to stir and clean to obtain clean sweet potatoes; putting clean sweet potatoes into a rasping grinder to be ground into sweet potato fiber floccules, adding 8 times of clear water, and filtering and deslagging by using a deslagging vibrating screen to obtain sweet potato emulsion; then, adding the acid pulp into the sweet potato emulsion at the temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the pH value of the acid pulp is 4.5, the adding amount of the acid pulp is 4% of the weight of the starch emulsion, stirring uniformly, standing and precipitating for 1h, extracting swill on the upper layer, adding water and starch on the lower layer for mixing, re-precipitating the starch, taking out the starch and drying to obtain sweet potato starch;
uniformly mixing sweet potato starch and water, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the water is 1:2, adding 5wt% sodium hydroxide solution to a pH value of 8; adding phosphorus oxychloride, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the phosphorus oxychloride is as follows: 1:0.001, stirring uniformly, reacting for 0.5h, and adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 8wt% for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry;
s2, adding water into the sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S1 to adjust the concentration to Be 20Be degrees, adding a 2% sodium tripolyphosphate solution with the addition amount of 5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch and a 0.5% urea solution with the addition amount of 2% of the mass of the sweet potato starch, uniformly stirring and reacting for 0.5h, and performing vacuum dehydration until the starch moisture is 30% to obtain concentrated sweet potato slurry;
s3, heating the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to 40 ℃, adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 3% and the addition amount of 1% of the mass of the sweet potato starch, uniformly stirring, then reducing the temperature to 10 ℃, separating out the sweet potato starch, filtering, and drying in a steam drying oven with the air inlet temperature of 120 ℃ and the tail gas temperature of 50 ℃ for 5min to obtain the high-viscosity and low-spot sweet potato starch;
wherein, the water is deionized water prepared by a reverse osmosis membrane, so that the conductivity of the water is 3us/cm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing root hairs, insect eyes and black spots on the surface of sweet potatoes, cutting off rotten parts, and then putting the sweet potatoes into water to stir and clean to obtain clean sweet potatoes; putting clean sweet potatoes into a rasping grinder to be ground into sweet potato fiber floccules, adding 9 times of clear water, and filtering and deslagging by using a deslagging vibrating screen to obtain sweet potato emulsion; then, adding the acid pulp into the sweet potato emulsion at the temperature of 20 ℃, wherein the pH value of the acid pulp is 4.0, the adding amount of the acid pulp is 3 percent of the weight of the starch emulsion, stirring uniformly, standing and precipitating for 0.8h, extracting the swill on the upper layer, adding water and the starch on the lower layer for mixing, re-precipitating the starch, taking out the starch and drying to obtain the sweet potato starch;
uniformly mixing sweet potato starch and water, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the water is 1:1.5, adding 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to a pH value of 9.0; adding phosphorus oxychloride, wherein the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the phosphorus oxychloride is as follows: 1:0.0005, stirring uniformly and reacting for 0.8h, and then adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 9wt% for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry;
s2, adding water into the sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S1 to adjust the concentration to 22Be degrees, adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution with the concentration of 2.5 percent, wherein the adding amount is 0.8 percent of the mass of the sweet potato starch, adding a urea solution with the concentration of 0.8 percent, the adding amount is 4 percent of the mass of the sweet potato starch, uniformly stirring and reacting for 0.8 hour, and then carrying out vacuum dehydration until the starch water content is 40 percent to obtain the concentrated sweet potato slurry;
s3, heating the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to 50 ℃, adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 15% and the addition amount of 3% of the mass of the sweet potato starch, uniformly stirring, then reducing the temperature to 15 ℃, separating out the sweet potato starch, filtering, and drying in a steam drying oven with the air inlet temperature of 110 ℃ and the tail gas temperature of 45 ℃ for 8min to obtain high-viscosity and low-spot sweet potato starch;
wherein, the water is deionized water prepared by a reverse osmosis membrane, so that the conductivity of the water is 2us/cm.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was prepared substantially identically to example 3, except that: the processing in step S2 is not performed.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was prepared substantially identically to example 3, except that: and (3) not performing the treatment of the step S3, and centrifugally drying, crushing and sieving the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to obtain the sweet potato starch.
To further illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, tests were performed on the sweet potato starches obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and the results are shown in table 1.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
and (3) whiteness measurement: the whiteness value is measured in% in accordance with GB/T22427.6-2008 starch whiteness determination.
And (3) viscosity measurement: the viscosity of the starch at different temperatures was measured in BU according to the Brabender viscometer method of GB/T22427.7-2008 starch viscometry.
And (4) spotting: spots were determined in units of numbers according to GB/T22427.4-2008 starch spot determination.
TABLE 1 Table of test results of sweet potato starch obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Spots, pieces | Is composed of | Is free of | Is free of | 3 are provided with | 5 are provided with |
| Whiteness degree% | 94.3 | 95.2 | 96.8 | 81.5 | 72.1 |
| Viscosity, bu | 2054 | 2153 | 2247 | 1363 | 1535 |
From the results, the whiteness and spots of the sweet potato starch obtained in the examples 1-3 are excellent, the viscosity is high, compared with the starch obtained in the comparative examples 1 and 2, the starch viscosity of the examples 1-3 reaches 2054-2247Bu, which is obviously higher than that of the starch obtained in the comparative examples 1 and 2, the extraction rate and the purity of the primarily prepared sweet potato starch are improved by combining physical and chemical separation by using two methods, namely a deslagging vibrating screen and a sour pulp; the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is improved by crosslinking with phosphorus oxychloride, and the viscosity of the sweet potato starch is further improved by mixing reaction with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution; and finally, the purity and whiteness of the sweet potato starch are improved through the salting-out and recrystallization effects of calcium chloride.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing sweet potato starch and water, adding an alkali regulator until the pH value is 8-9.5, adding phosphorus oxychloride, uniformly stirring, reacting for 0.5-1h, and adding hydrochloric acid for neutralization to obtain sweet potato slurry;
s2, adding water into the sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S1 to adjust the concentration to Be 20-24Be degrees, adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution and a urea solution, uniformly stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, and then performing vacuum dehydration until the starch water content is 30-45% to obtain concentrated sweet potato slurry;
and S3, heating the concentrated sweet potato slurry obtained in the step S2 to 40-60 ℃, adding a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2-3%, uniformly stirring, reducing the temperature to 10-20 ℃, separating out sweet potato starch, filtering and drying to obtain the high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch.
2. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the sweet potato starch is prepared by the following method:
removing root hairs, insect eyes and black spots on the surface of the sweet potato, cutting off the rotten part, and then putting the sweet potato into water to stir and clean to obtain clean sweet potato; putting clean sweet potatoes into a file grinder, grinding the clean sweet potatoes into sweet potato fiber floccules, adding 8-10 times of clear water, and filtering and removing residues by using a residue removal vibrating screen to obtain sweet potato emulsion; then, separating by adopting an acid slurry method to obtain the sweet potato starch.
3. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 2, wherein the acid slurry method is operated as follows: adding the acid pulp into the sweet potato emulsion at the temperature of 15-25 ℃, wherein the pH value of the acid pulp is 3.2-4.5, the adding amount of the acid pulp is 2-4% of the weight of the starch emulsion, stirring uniformly, standing and precipitating for 0.5-1h, extracting the swill on the upper layer, adding water and the starch on the lower layer for mixing, re-precipitating the starch, taking out the starch and drying to obtain the sweet potato starch.
4. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to water is 1: (1-2); the weight ratio of the sweet potato starch to the phosphorus oxychloride is as follows: 1: (0.0001-0.001).
5. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the alkalinity regulator is 1-5wt% sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 8-10wt%.
6. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the concentration of the sodium tripolyphosphate solution is 2-6%, and the addition amount is 2-5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch; the concentration of the urea solution is 0.5-1.0%, and the addition amount is 2-5% of the mass of the sweet potato starch.
7. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the addition amount of the calcium chloride solution is 0.5-1% of the mass of the sweet potato starch.
8. A method for purifying high viscosity and low spot sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the drying operation is: drying in a steam drying oven with inlet air temperature of 100-120 deg.C and tail gas temperature of 40-50 deg.C for 5-10min.
9. The method for purifying high-viscosity low-spot sweet potato starch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water is deionized water prepared by reverse osmosis membrane, and the conductivity of the water is 1-3us/cm.
10. A high-viscosity low-speck sweet potato starch, characterized in that it is prepared according to the purification method of any one of claims 1-9.
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