CN115448662A - Multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115448662A CN115448662A CN202211093092.3A CN202211093092A CN115448662A CN 115448662 A CN115448662 A CN 115448662A CN 202211093092 A CN202211093092 A CN 202211093092A CN 115448662 A CN115448662 A CN 115448662A
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011881 graphite nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00258—Electromagnetic wave absorbing or shielding materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure and a preparation method thereof. The cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure takes cement, scattering aggregates and electromagnetic scattering elements as main raw materials, and the nano-scale electromagnetic scattering elements, the micron and/or millimeter-scale scattering aggregates and the centimeter-scale surface scattering structure jointly form the multi-scale scattering structure, wherein the raw materials comprise dry materials and water, and the dry materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 15-75% of cement, 20-80% of scattering aggregate, 1-20% of electromagnetic scattering element, 0-1% of dispersing agent, 0-1.5% of water reducing agent and 0.45-0.65% of mass ratio of water to dry material. The cement-based wave absorber has the advantages of good wave absorbing effect, wide wave absorbing frequency band (the wave absorbing performance of 1 to 40GHz is better than-15 dB, the optimal wave absorbing performance reaches-50 dB), high mechanical strength (the 28-day compressive strength is 78.5 MPa), capability of meeting the requirements of electromagnetic protection of human living environment and construction of national defense engineering, and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, in particular to a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electromagnetic radiation has become a new type of pollution with great potential hazards, not only causing information leakage and electromagnetic interference, but also harming human health. In the field of national defense construction, the requirements of key buildings on radar wave camouflage and electromagnetic wave protection are severer. The cement-based material with the electromagnetic wave absorption function is a key engineering material for solving the electromagnetic radiation pollution and realizing the electromagnetic safety protection of national defense engineering. Therefore, the development of the special cement-based material with the electromagnetic wave absorption function and wide frequency band and high performance is of great significance.
The traditional cement-based wave-absorbing material realizes the wave-absorbing function through electromagnetic energy conversion or interference by utilizing the electromagnetic property of the wave-absorbing material added in a cement matrix. Because the impedance matching optimization and the electromagnetic loss promotion of the material are mutually limited and cannot cooperate, the high-performance, wide-band and high-strength cement-based wave-absorbing material cannot be obtained by utilizing the traditional technical means of adding functional materials. For example, the invention patent 201810151772.3 discloses a single-layer cement-based wave-absorbing material mixed with a nano wave-absorbing agent, which takes reduced graphene oxide, nano ferroferric oxide and nickel-plated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a wave-absorbing filler, but ideal wave-absorbing performance cannot be obtained, and the performance requirements of conventional electromagnetic protection engineering are difficult to meet. In addition, as the carbon fiber-carbonyl iron composite modified wave-absorbing concrete disclosed in the patent 201910544116.4, the broadband effective wave absorption cannot be realized by the composite application of the electric and magnetic double-loss wave-absorbing functional filler. The wave-absorbing concrete disclosed in patent 201010266982.0 and using finely ground steel slag and basalt fiber as wave-absorbing and reinforcing functional fillers respectively not only hardly meets the broadband wave-absorbing requirement of wave-absorbing engineering materials, but also fails to meet the mechanical strength of most building engineering requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure and a preparation method thereof, which utilize the coupling promotion of a multi-scale material and a structure on wave absorbing performance and mechanical strength to construct the multi-scale scattering structure of the cement-based material, can ensure the mechanical strength and the working performance of the cement-based material, can obviously enhance wave absorbing efficiency and broaden wave absorbing bandwidth, and provides a novel wave absorbing material for the electromagnetic protection of human living environment and national defense engineering construction.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure takes cement, scattering aggregates and electromagnetic scattering elements as main raw materials, and the nano-scale electromagnetic scattering elements, the micron and/or millimeter-scale scattering aggregates and the centimeter-scale surface scattering structure jointly form the multi-scale scattering structure, wherein the raw materials comprise dry materials and water, and the dry materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 15-75% of cement, 20-80% of scattering aggregate, 1-20% of electromagnetic scattering element, 0-1% of dispersing agent, 0-1.5% of water reducing agent and 0.45-0.65% of ratio of water to dry material.
Further, the cement is any one of ordinary portland cement, sulphoaluminate cement, aluminate cement and phosphate cement.
Further, the scattering aggregate is a heavy aggregate such as broken stones, pebbles and sands, and can also be a light aggregate such as ceramsite, expanded perlite, vermiculite, expanded glass beads and hollow glass beads, and the particle size of the aggregate is 50 micrometers-20 mm.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic scattering element is one or a combination of any one of nano carbon black, a carbon nano tube, a nano carbon fiber, nano graphite powder and nano metal powder, and the particle size of the electromagnetic scattering element ranges from 30nm to 500nm.
Further, the surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional structure, and may be a regular shape or an irregular shape.
Further, the regular-shaped three-dimensional structure can be arranged into a wedge, a cone, a cylinder and any polygonal column or cone in a convex form or a concave form, the height or depth of the wedge-shaped scattering structure is 1 cm-10cm, the vertex angle range is 30-60 degrees, the diameter of the cylindrical or conical scattering structure unit is 1 cm-4cm, the height or depth is 1 cm-10cm, the side length of the polygonal column or cone scattering structure is 0.5cm-3cm, and the height or depth is 1 cm-10cm.
Furthermore, the irregular three-dimensional structure can be an irregular continuous or discontinuous groove or protrusion structure arranged on the surface of the material, the depth or height of the groove or protrusion structure is 1cm-10cm, and the width of the groove or protrusion structure is 0.5cm-2mm.
A preparation method of a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a wave-absorbing body: according to the composition proportion of the wave-absorbing body, firstly, uniformly mixing cement and scattering aggregate to form a component A; then mixing and stirring the electromagnetic scattering element, the dispersing agent, the water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B; and mixing the component A and the component B to form the wave-absorbing cement paste.
The component B prepared by preprocessing the electromagnetic scattering elements improves the dispersibility of the nanometer scattering elements, so that the nanometer scattering elements form nanometer scattering particles which are uniformly distributed, and plays a key role in improving the overall performance of the material.
(2) Aiming at different construction requirements, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the direct pouring method comprises the following steps: pouring the prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry on a construction plane layer, before the slurry is cured, carrying out mould pressing on the surface of the poured pouring layer by using a prefabricated mould to form a regular or irregular scattering structure, coating a mould release agent on the mould, and removing the mould after the slurry is cured.
The prefabricating method comprises the following steps: the prepared wave-absorbing functional cement paste is poured into a prefabricated polystyrene or polyurethane mold with a regular or irregular three-dimensional shape structure for molding to form a prefabricated plate with a regular or irregular three-dimensional scattering structure interface, and the prefabricated plate is directly adhered or built on a construction base layer after molding and maintenance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention constructs a multi-scale scattering structure with nanometer, micron and/or millimeter and centimeter, the wave-absorbing performance is better than-15 dB at 1-40GHz, the wave-absorbing bandwidth is greatly expanded, the microwave frequency band is basically covered, and the requirements of electromagnetic protection in human living environment and national defense engineering construction can be met;
(2) The compressive strength of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure prepared by the invention reaches 42.3-78.5MPa, and the requirements on the construction performance and the strength of building materials are met;
(3) The invention provides two different application methods of direct pouring and prefabrication aiming at different construction requirements, is easy to construct, and can meet the construction process requirements under different application scenes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:
example 1
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15% of cement, 80% of scattering aggregate, 3.5% of electromagnetic scattering element, 1% of dispersing agent and 0.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.45.
The cement is sulphoaluminate cement with the strength grade of 52.5.
The scattering aggregate is gravel and sand, the particle size of the gravel is 10-20mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravel to the sand is 1.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises nano carbon black and nano graphite powder, the particle size of the nano carbon black is 50 to 100nm, the particle size of the nano graphite powder is 300 to 500nm, and the mass ratio of the nano carbon black to the nano graphite powder is 1.
The surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional conical convex structure, the diameter of a conical scattering structure unit is 2cm, and the height of the conical scattering structure unit is 5cm.
The preparation method of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate macadam and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring nano carbon black, nano graphite powder, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the component A and the component B to form the wave-absorbing functional cement slurry. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry is directly poured into a metal frame of 30cm multiplied by 7cm, a pre-prepared mould with a three-dimensional cone structure is used for mould pressing on the surface of the poured slurry layer before the slurry is cured to form a three-dimensional cone protruding scattering structure, a mould release agent is coated on the mould, the mould is removed after the slurry is cured, and the total thickness of the finally prepared cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure is 7cm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 73.5% of cement, 20% of scattering aggregate, 5% of electromagnetic scattering element, 1.5% of water reducing agent, and the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.6.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 42.5.
The scattering aggregate is pebbles and sand, the particle size of the pebbles is 15-20mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the pebbles to the sand is 1.
The electromagnetic scattering element is nano metal powder, and the particle size is 400-500nm.
The surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional wedge convex structure, the height of the wedge scattering structure unit is 3.5cm, and the vertex angle is 45 degrees.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure are as follows: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate pebbles and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring nano metal powder, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the components A and B to form the cement paste with the wave-absorbing function. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry is poured into a pre-prepared polyurethane mold with a wedge structure to form a prefabricated plate with a three-dimensional wedge convex scattering structure, and the prefabricated plate is directly adhered to or built on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance, wherein the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber is 5cm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75% of cement, 12.5% of scattering aggregate, 10% of electromagnetic scattering element, 1% of dispersing agent and 1.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.65.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 42.5.
The scattering aggregate comprises gravel, pebbles and sand, the particle size of the gravel is 10-20mm, the particle size of the pebbles is 15-20mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravel to the pebbles is 1.
The electromagnetic scattering element is nano carbon black, and the particle size is 50 to 100nm.
The surface scattering structure is a hexagonal columnar protruding structure, the side length of a structural unit is 2cm, and the height of the structural unit is 3cm.
The preparation method of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate macadam, pebbles and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring nano carbon black, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the component A and the component B to form the cement paste with the wave absorbing function. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry is poured into a polystyrene mold with a hexagonal columnar structure prepared in advance to form a prefabricated plate with a three-dimensional hexagonal columnar protruding scattering structure, the prefabricated plate is directly adhered to or built on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance, and the total thickness of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure is 6cm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of cement, 50.5% of scattering aggregate, 3% of electromagnetic scattering element, 1% of dispersing agent and 0.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.5.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 52.5.
The scattering aggregate is gravel and sand, the particle size of the gravel is 7-20mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravel to the sand is 1.5.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises a carbon nano tube and a carbon nano-fiber, the particle size of the carbon nano tube is 70 to 150nm, the diameter of the carbon nano-fiber is 100nm, the length of the carbon nano-fiber is 1 to 3mm, and the mass ratio of the carbon nano-fiber to the carbon nano-fiber is 1.
The surface scattering structure is a continuous groove structure, the depth of the groove is 2.5cm, and the width of the groove is 1cm.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure are as follows: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: the method comprises the steps of firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate macadam and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring carbon nano tubes, nano carbon fibers, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the component A and the component B to form the wave-absorbing cement slurry. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry is poured into a metal frame of 30cm multiplied by 5cm, before the slurry is solidified, a pre-formed mould is utilized to mould the surface of the poured slurry to form a continuous groove-shaped scattering structure, a mould release agent is coated on the mould, and the mould is removed after the slurry is solidified, wherein the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber is 5cm.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 47% of cement, 47% of scattering aggregate, 5% of electromagnetic scattering element, 0.5% of dispersing agent and 0.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.48.
The cement is phosphate cement with a strength grade of 52.5.
The scattering aggregate is gravel, pebbles and sand, the particle size of the gravel is 10-20mm, the particle size of the pebbles is 15-20mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravel to the pebbles to the sand is 1.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises nano carbon black and a carbon nano tube, the particle size of the nano carbon black is 30 to 50nm, the particle size of the carbon nano tube is 70 to 150nm, and the mass ratio of the nano carbon black to the carbon nano tube is 1.
The surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional triangular pyramid concave structure, the side length of each triangular pyramid scattering structure unit is 2.5cm, and the depth of each triangular pyramid scattering structure unit is 5cm.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure are as follows: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, cement, scattering aggregate macadam, pebble and sand are uniformly mixed to form a component A, then carbon nano tubes, nano carbon black, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water are mixed and stirred to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and the component A and the component B are mixed to form the wave-absorbing functional cement paste. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement paste is poured into a pre-prepared polyurethane mold with a triangular pyramid structure to form a prefabricated plate with a triangular pyramid sunken scattering structure, the prefabricated plate is directly adhered or built on a construction base layer after molding and maintenance, and the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber is 8cm.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 68% of cement, 25% of scattering aggregate, 5.5% of electromagnetic scattering element, 0.5% of dispersing agent and 1% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.5.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 52.5.
The scattering aggregate is ceramsite, expanded perlite and hollow glass bead, the particle size of the ceramsite is 10-20mm, the particle size of the expanded perlite is 0.5-1mm, the particle size of the hollow glass bead is 100-200 μm, and the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the expanded perlite to the hollow glass bead is 1.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises nano carbon black and a carbon nano tube, the particle size of the nano carbon black is 30 to 50nm, the particle size of the carbon nano tube is 70 to 150nm, and the mass ratio of the nano carbon black to the carbon nano tube is 1.
The surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional conical sunken structure, the diameter of a conical scattering structure unit is 2.5cm, and the depth of the conical scattering structure unit is 5cm.
The preparation method of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate ceramsite, expanded perlite and hollow glass beads to form a component A, then mixing and stirring carbon nano tubes, nano carbon black, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the components A and B to form the wave-absorbing cement slurry. (2) Pouring the prepared scattering type cement-based electromagnetic wave absorption material slurry into a polystyrene mold with a three-dimensional cone structure prepared in advance to form a prefabricated plate with a three-dimensional cone concave scattering structure, and directly adhering or building the prefabricated plate on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance, wherein the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorption body is 8cm.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 59% of cement, 25% of scattering aggregate, 15% of electromagnetic scattering element, 0.5% of dispersing agent and 0.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.55.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 52.5.
The scattering aggregate comprises macadam, expanded perlite and hollow glass beads, the particle size of the macadam is 10-20 mm, the particle size of the expanded perlite is 1mm-2mm, the particle size of the hollow glass beads is 50-100 μm, and the mass ratio of the macadam to the expanded perlite to the hollow glass beads is 3.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises nano carbon black and nano metal powder, the particle size of the nano carbon black is 30 to 50nm, the particle size of the nano metal powder is 70 to 150nm, and the mass ratio of the nano carbon black to the nano metal powder is 1.
The surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional cylindrical concave structure, the diameter of a cylindrical scattering structure unit is 3.5cm, and the depth of the cylindrical scattering structure unit is 6cm.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure are as follows: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate broken stone, expanded perlite and hollow glass beads to form a component A, then mixing and stirring nano carbon black, nano metal powder, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the components A and B to form the cement paste with the wave-absorbing function. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry is poured into a polystyrene mold with a three-dimensional cylindrical structure prepared in advance to form a prefabricated plate with a three-dimensional cylindrical concave scattering structure, the prefabricated plate is directly adhered to or built on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance, and the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber is 8cm.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a cement-based wave absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 32% of cement; 60% of scattering aggregate; 7% of electromagnetic scattering elements; 0.8 percent of dispersant; 0.2 percent of water reducing agent and 0.45 percent of water to dry material mass ratio.
The cement is aluminate cement, and the strength grade is 52.5.
The scattering aggregate comprises gravels, expanded perlite and sand, the particle size of the gravels is 7-20mm, the particle size of the expanded perlite is 100 mu m-1 mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravels to the expanded perlite is 10.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises nano carbon black and nano carbon fiber, the particle size of the nano carbon black is 50 to 80nm, the diameter of the nano carbon fiber is 100nm, the length of the nano carbon fiber is 3 to 5mm, and the mass ratio of the nano carbon black to the nano carbon fiber is 1.
The surface scattering structure is a three-dimensional rectangular pyramid convex structure, the side length of a rectangular pyramid is 3cm, and the height of the rectangular pyramid is 7.5cm.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure are as follows: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate macadam, expanded perlite and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring nano carbon black, nano carbon fiber, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the components A and B to form the wave-absorbing functional cement paste. (2) The prepared wave-absorbing functional cement paste is poured into a polystyrene mould with a three-dimensional rectangular pyramid structure prepared in advance to form a prefabricated plate with a three-dimensional rectangular pyramid convex scattering structure, the prefabricated plate is directly adhered to or built on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance, and the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber is 10cm.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a cement-based wave absorber, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 49% of cement, 50.5% of scattering aggregate and 0.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.5.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 52.5.
The scattering aggregate is gravel and sand, the particle size of the gravel is 7-20mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravel to the sand is 3.
The surface scattering structure is a continuous groove structure, the depth of the groove is 2.5cm, and the width of the groove is 1cm.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber are as follows: (1) preparing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate broken stones and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the components A and B to form cement paste. (2) Pouring the prepared cement paste into a metal frame of 30cm multiplied by 5cm, before the paste is cured, carrying out mould pressing on the surface of the poured paste by using a pre-formed mould to form a continuous groove-shaped scattering structure, coating a mould release agent on the mould, and removing the mould after the paste is cured, wherein the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based absorber is 5cm.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a cement-based wave absorber, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 87.5% of cement, 10% of electromagnetic scattering elements, 1% of dispersing agent and 1.5% of water reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of water to dry materials is 0.65.
The cement is ordinary portland cement, and the strength grade is 42.5.
The electromagnetic scattering element is nano carbon black, and the particle size is 50 to 100nm.
The surface scattering structure is a hexagonal columnar protruding structure, the side length of a structural unit is 2cm, and the height of the structural unit is 3cm.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber are as follows: preparing cement paste: mixing and stirring the nano carbon black, the dispersing agent, the water reducing agent and water to form uniformly dispersed dispersion liquid, and stirring cement and the dispersion liquid to form cement paste. (2) The prepared cement paste is poured into a polystyrene mould with a hexagonal columnar structure prepared in advance to form a prefabricated plate with a three-dimensional hexagonal columnar protruding scattering structure, the prefabricated plate is directly adhered or built on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance, and the total thickness of the multi-scale scattering structure cement-based wave absorber is 6cm.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a cement-based wave absorber, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 32% of cement, 60% of scattering aggregate, 7% of electromagnetic scattering element, 0.8% of dispersing agent, 0.2% of water reducing agent and 0.45% of mass ratio of water to dry material.
The cement is aluminate cement with the strength grade of 52.5.
The scattering aggregate comprises gravels, expanded perlite and sand, the particle size of the gravels is 7-20mm, the particle size of the expanded perlite is 100 mu m-1 mm, the particle size of the sand is 0.5-0.8mm, and the mass ratio of the gravels to the sand is 10.
The electromagnetic scattering element comprises nano carbon black and nano carbon fiber, the particle size of the nano carbon black is 50 to 80nm, the diameter of the nano carbon fiber is 100nm, the length of the nano carbon fiber is 3 to 5mm, and the volume ratio of the nano carbon black to the nano carbon fiber is 1.
The present embodiment is a flat plate structure type, without surface scattering structure design.
The preparation steps of the cement-based wave absorber are as follows: (1) preparing the wave-absorbing cement paste: firstly, uniformly mixing cement, scattering aggregate macadam, expanded perlite and sand to form a component A, then mixing and stirring nano carbon black, nano carbon fiber, a dispersing agent, a water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B, and mixing the components A and B to form the wave-absorbing functional cement paste. (2) And pouring the prepared wave-absorbing functional cement paste into a metal frame of 30cm multiplied by 10cm, trowelling the upper surface, forming and maintaining, wherein the total thickness is 10cm.
The cement-based wave absorbers with the multi-scale scattering structures prepared in the examples 1 to 8 and the cement-based wave absorbers prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 3 are subjected to electromagnetic wave absorption performance and mechanical property tests, the frequency range of the electromagnetic wave absorption performance test is 1 to 40GHz, and the test results are shown in the following table 1.
Table 1 wave-absorbing performance and compressive strength test results of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3
From the wave-absorbing performance test result data in table 1, it is seen that the wave-absorbing performance of the cement-based material is improved by constructing a multi-scale scattering structure by using nano-scale electromagnetic scattering elements, micron or millimeter scale scattering aggregates and centimeter scale surface scattering structures. The cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure in the embodiments 1 to 8 has a broadband wave absorbing characteristic, the wave absorbing performance in the frequency range of 1 to 40GHz is better than-15 dB, the optimal wave absorbing performance can reach-50 dB, the mechanical strength is high, and the 28-day compressive strength can reach 78.5MPa to the maximum.
Comparing the wave absorbing performances of the comparative examples 1 to 3 with those of the examples 1 to 8, it can be found that the wide-band high-performance wave absorption can be realized under the synergistic effect of the nano electromagnetic scattering elements, the micron and/or millimeter scattering aggregates and the centimeter-level surface scattering structure in the multiscale scattering system, and the lack of any scattering mechanism can generate negative effect on the wave absorbing performance.
In addition, the wave-absorbing principle of the traditional wave-absorbing cement-based material is mainly that electromagnetic wave energy is converted into heat energy or energy in other forms by using an electromagnetic functional material filled in the traditional wave-absorbing cement-based material, and the mechanical strength of the material is greatly reduced under the influence of the electromagnetic functional material, so that the requirement of engineering application cannot be met.
The cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure is constructed by using the multi-scale scattering filler and the scattering structure, the wave absorbing performance is improved by using a coupling scattering mechanism of materials and the structure, and meanwhile, the coupling effect of the multi-scale filler can also keep higher mechanical strength.
The invention constructs a multi-scale scattering structure, changes the propagation path of electromagnetic waves by using the scattering effect of different-scale scattering structures on the electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths, prolongs the transmission distance of the electromagnetic waves in the wave absorber, can greatly improve the wave absorption performance of the cement-based material on the basis of the prior art, and realizes real broadband wave absorption.
The uniformly dispersed nanometer electromagnetic scattering elements can not only play the electromagnetic loss function of the conventional electromagnetic functional filler, but also play the scattering function of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
The micron and/or millimeter scale scattering aggregate can form a large scale scattering medium with electromagnetic scattering function after being wrapped by a cement and electromagnetic scattering element composite system while playing a basic role of enhancing the strength of a cement-based material, generates an anisotropic scattering effect on electromagnetic waves, and is beneficial to the expansion of a wave-absorbing frequency band of the cement-based composite material.
The centimeter-scale surface scattering structure can realize high-efficiency anisotropic scattering of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths by regulating and controlling the structural shape and the scale, further improve the wave-absorbing performance and expand the wave-absorbing bandwidth. The coupling effect of the scattering fillers with different scales can also effectively inhibit the reduction of the strength of the cement-based material.
In the above embodiments, each embodiment is a more typical example, which is convenient for a skilled person to understand the contents of the present invention, and reference may be made to the related description of the contents in other embodiments for a part which is not described in a certain embodiment. The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and is not limited thereto. The present invention covers the whole scope described in the claims/specification, the technical features in the claims/specification can be arbitrarily combined, the combination is not limited to the combination obtained by the reference relation in the claims, the technical solutions obtained by various combinations are also within the protection scope of the present invention, and various modifications and equivalent changes within the scope of the claims are still within the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure is characterized by comprising a wave absorbing body, wherein the surface of the wave absorbing body is provided with a centimeter-scale surface scattering structure;
the wave-absorbing body comprises a dry material and water, wherein the dry material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-75% of cement, 20-80% of micron and/or millimeter scale scattering aggregates, 1-20% of nanoscale electromagnetic scattering elements, 0-1% of dispersing agent and 0-1.5% of water reducing agent;
the mass ratio of the water to the dry materials is 0.45-0.65.
2. The cement-based absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure according to claim 1, wherein the cement is any one of ordinary portland cement, sulphoaluminate cement, aluminate cement, and phosphate cement.
3. The cement-based wave absorber with the multi-scale scattering structure according to claim 1, wherein the scattering aggregates are heavy scattering aggregates and/or light scattering aggregates, the heavy scattering aggregates are one or any combination of gravels, pebbles and sands, and the light scattering aggregates are one or any combination of ceramsite, expanded perlite, vermiculite, expanded glass beads and hollow glass beads;
the particle size of the scattering aggregate is within the range of 50 mu m-20 mm.
4. The cement-based absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic scattering element is one or a combination of any of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphite nanoparticles and metal nanoparticles;
the particle size of the electromagnetic scattering element is in the range of 30nm to 500nm.
5. The cement-based absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure as defined in claim 1, wherein the surface scattering structure is a cone, a cylinder, or an arbitrary polygonal cylinder or cone in a convex form or a concave form.
6. The cement-based absorber with a multi-scale scattering structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface scattering structure is an irregularly shaped continuous or discontinuous groove or protrusion structure.
7. A method for preparing the cement-based wave absorber with the multiscale scattering structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a wave-absorbing body: according to the composition proportion of the wave-absorbing body, firstly, uniformly mixing cement and scattering aggregate to form a component A; secondly, mixing and stirring the electromagnetic scattering element, the dispersing agent, the water reducing agent and water to form a uniformly dispersed component B; then, mixing and stirring the component A and the component B uniformly to form the wave-absorbing cement paste;
2) Aiming at two different construction requirements, the preparation is carried out:
the first is a direct pouring process, the prepared wave-absorbing functional cement slurry is poured on a construction plane layer, before the slurry is cured, a prefabricated mold is utilized to carry out mold pressing on the surface of the poured pouring layer to form a surface scattering structure, a release agent is coated on the mold, and the mold is removed after the slurry is cured;
and the second is a prefabrication process, the prepared wave-absorbing cement paste is poured into a prefabricated polystyrene or polyurethane mold for forming to form a prefabricated plate with a surface scattering structure, and the prefabricated plate is directly adhered or built on a construction base layer after forming and maintenance.
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