CN115446550A - Method for machining U-shaped positioning piece of aircraft standard tool - Google Patents
Method for machining U-shaped positioning piece of aircraft standard tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN115446550A CN115446550A CN202211191378.5A CN202211191378A CN115446550A CN 115446550 A CN115446550 A CN 115446550A CN 202211191378 A CN202211191378 A CN 202211191378A CN 115446550 A CN115446550 A CN 115446550A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a U-shaped positioning piece of an airplane standard tool, which comprises the following steps: step 1: carrying out coarse discharge and large allowance treatment on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece; step 2: at least one support rod is arranged on the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece; and step 3: quenching the U-shaped positioning piece; and 4, step 4: annealing the U-shaped positioning piece; and 5: disassembling the stay bar at the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece; step 6: the invention carries out finish machining on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: due to the adoption of the optimization of the process method, the influence of structural factors on the uneven release of the internal stress of the part is reduced, the one-time pass rate of the machining of the U-shaped positioning piece of the aircraft standard tool is improved, the quality is reliable, and the efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of standard tool manufacturing and overhauling, and relates to a method for machining a U-shaped positioning piece of an airplane standard tool.
Background
The standard tool is used for manufacturing process equipment or ensuring the three-dimensional size basis of coordination among the process equipment, the manufacturing precision of the standard tool is usually higher than that of common process equipment, and the maintenance and preservation process is quite strict.
Because the standard tool depends on the three-dimensional size formed by the positioning piece on the standard tool to transfer the relative assembly relation, the processing quality of the positioning piece is directly related to the assembly quality of the tool. The U-shaped positioning piece of the airplane standard tool is used as the most common structural form in the airplane standard tool and is widely applied to machining and manufacturing of intersection point positioners of various parts of standard tools. Meanwhile, due to the reasons of high structural specificity, high machining precision and the like, various problems such as the out-of-tolerance of key dimensions and the like often occur in the actual machining and manufacturing process, the product quality is affected, and qualified standard tooling positioning pieces cannot be delivered on schedule.
Because of aircraft standard frock U type setting element processing out of tolerance mainly concentrates on U type notch deformation, can't satisfy the size requirement, prior art scheme utilizes wire-electrode cutting equipment processing U type notch, one shot forming, that is to say, the wire-electrode cutting process is whether qualified key process of notch size. The processing process analysis shows that the problem of the size out-of-tolerance of the U-shaped groove is mainly represented by the fact that the end of the groove is closed (the root can meet 34H8, and the end is smaller than 34H 8), and the requirements of parallelism degree of 0.02 and groove width of 34H8 cannot be met. The reason is analyzed, mainly because in order to reach the wear-resisting characteristic of aircraft standard frock U type setting element, the U type setting element selects 45# steel material to quenching treatment has been carried out to the U type setting element, and the quenching hardness reaches HRC40 ~ 45, and after quenching, the inside internal stress that does not release completely still exists of U type setting element, and the process of cutting U type notch is the finishing process, arranges after heat treatment, in the process of cutting the notch, the stress of part inside irregularly releases, leads to U type notch processing deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention solves the problem of low one-time qualification rate of mechanical processing of the U-shaped positioning piece of the airplane standard tool, and provides the processing method with reliable quality and high efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a processing method of a U-shaped positioning piece of an aircraft standard tool comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out coarse discharge and large allowance treatment on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece;
and 2, step: at least one support rod is arranged on the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece;
and step 3: quenching the U-shaped positioning piece;
and 4, step 4: annealing the U-shaped positioning piece;
and 5: disassembling the stay bar at the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece;
step 6: and performing finish machining on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece.
Further, step 1, according to the design value a of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece, the width of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece is processed to 3/5-4/5,U of the design value a of the notch, and machining allowance is left on two sides of the notch of the positioning piece, and the machining allowance is 1/5-2/5 of the design value a of the notch.
Further, in the step 1,U model positioning piece notch root part, the two sides of the notch root part of the positioning piece are machined to 5/7-6/7,U model positioning piece notch design value a within the height range of 1/5 above the notch root part, and machining allowance is 1/7-2/7 of the notch design value a.
Further, step 2, three support rods for supporting the notch are uniformly spot-welded on the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1, wherein one support rod 2 is spot-welded on the end, and one support rod 2 for supporting the notch is spot-welded on each point on two sides of the middle position between the end support rod and the root of the U-shaped positioning piece 1.
Further, step 3, quenching the U-shaped positioning piece, heating to 820-860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 80-120 min, and cooling the positioning piece to normal room temperature by adopting any one of oil, water and low-temperature alkali liquor as a cooling medium after the heat preservation is finished.
Further, step 4, tempering the U-shaped positioning piece, heating to 360-420 ℃, keeping the temperature for 130-180 min, and cooling the positioning piece to normal room temperature by using air as a cooling medium after the heat preservation is finished.
Further, step 6 is specifically to clamp the U-shaped positioning piece on the linear cutting to finish machining the notch, finish machining is carried out on the notch 2-3 times, uniform stress release is ensured, and the last feed of the linear cutting meets the machining precision of the notch parallelism degree of 0.02 and the notch width of 34H 8.
Further, the U-shaped positioning piece is applied to a vertical tail standard tool, the width of a notch of the U-shaped positioning piece is processed to 24mm according to the notch design value of the U-shaped positioning piece, machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece, machining allowance is 5mm on one side, machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the root of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece and is 2mm in the height range of 1/5 above the root of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece, and machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the root of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: due to the adoption of the optimization of the process method, the influence of structural factors on the uneven release of the internal stress of the part is reduced, the one-time qualified rate of the machining of the U-shaped positioning piece of the aircraft standard tool is improved, the quality is reliable, and the efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a U-shaped positioning piece of an aircraft standard tool;
FIG. 2 is a schematic size diagram of a U-shaped positioning piece of an aircraft standard tooling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the amount of surplus in a notch of a U-shaped positioning piece of an aircraft standard tool;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spot welding stay bar on a U-shaped positioning piece of an aircraft standard tooling;
wherein: 1.U type spacer, 2. Brace bar.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, such as the shapes, configurations, mutual positions and connection relationships of the components, the functions and operating principles of the components, the manufacturing processes and the operation and use methods thereof, will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to help those skilled in the art to more completely, accurately and deeply understand the concept and technical solutions of the present invention:
example one
A processing method of a U-shaped positioning piece 1 of an aircraft standard tool comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out coarse discharge and large allowance treatment on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1; according to the notch design value a of the U-shaped positioning piece 1, the width of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is machined to 3/5-4/5 of the notch design value a, machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1, subsequent fine machining precision is improved conveniently, the machining allowance is 1/5-2/5 of the notch design value a, the notch is guaranteed to be reserved with enough fine machining allowance, and subsequent fine machining requirements are met.
Machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the root part of the notch 1 of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 which is machined to 5/7-6/7,U with the notch design value a within the height range of 1/5 above the root part of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1, the machining allowance is 1/7-2/7 of the notch design value a, the step has the effect of reducing the U-shaped notch necking-in during fine machining, the U-shaped notch is not easy to deform, the U-shaped notch basically has no out-of-tolerance problem, and the requirements of the parallelism degree of 0.02 and the notch width of 34H8 can be met.
Step 2: at least one support rod 2 is arranged on the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1; specifically, three supporting rods 2 used for supporting the notch are uniformly spot-welded on the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 11, wherein one supporting rod 22 is spot-welded on the end, and one supporting rod 22 used for supporting the notch is spot-welded on each point of two sides in the middle position of the end supporting rod 2 and the root part of the U-shaped positioning piece 11. Evenly spot welding three vaulting poles 2 that are used for supporting the notch at the notch end outward flange of U type setting element 11, the effect is because being heated when can preventing to heat treatment and lead to the anomalous deformation of notch, and three vaulting poles 2 that are used for supporting the notch adopt high temperature resistant metal material to make, can not take place to warp itself in heat treatment process, better guarantee the form requirement when the notch heat treatment, improve subsequent processing's qualification rate.
And 3, step 3: quenching the U-shaped positioning piece 1; quenching the U-shaped positioning piece 1, heating to 820-860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 80-120 min, and cooling the positioning piece to normal room temperature by adopting any one of oil, water and low-temperature alkali liquor as a cooling medium after the heat preservation is finished. The hardness of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is increased through quenching treatment, the hardness and the wear resistance of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 can be improved through the quenching treatment, the strength and the fatigue strength of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 can be greatly improved through the matching of quenching, heating temperature and heat preservation time, and the matching between the performances can be obtained to meet different use requirements.
And 4, step 4: annealing the U-shaped positioning piece 1; tempering the U-shaped positioning piece 1, heating to 360-420 ℃, keeping the temperature for 130-180 min, and cooling the positioning piece to normal room temperature by using air as a cooling medium after the heat preservation is finished.
After quenching, the internal stress which is not completely released still exists in the U-shaped positioning piece 1, the process of cutting the U-shaped notch is a finish machining process, and the stress in the part is irregularly released in the process of cutting the notch after the heat treatment, so that the U-shaped notch is machined and deformed. Therefore, the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is annealed, the tissue stability of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is improved, the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is not subjected to tissue transformation in the using process, and the geometric dimension and the performance of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 are kept stable. In addition, the internal stress of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is eliminated through annealing (tempering) treatment, so that the service performance of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is improved and the geometric dimension of a workpiece is stabilized.
And 5: the stay bar 2 at the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1 is disassembled, so that the width of the notch cannot be severely deformed, and enough machining allowance is ensured before finish machining;
step 6: carry out the finish machining to the notch of U type setting element 1, specifically carry out the finish machining notch on the wire-electrode cutting with U type setting element 1 clamping, take and divide 2 ~ 3 times to carry out the finish machining to the notch, ensure that stress evenly releases, wire-electrode cutting is last to be walked for one time and is satisfied notch depth of parallelism 0.02 and notch width 34H 8's machining precision. Because the notch still leaves the surplus, in order to avoid the too much unfavorable factor of stress concentration release to the processingquality formation of cutting, so take and divide 2 ~ 3 times to carry out the finish machining to the notch, ensure the even release of stress, last feed can satisfy the machining precision of notch depth of parallelism 0.02 and notch width 34H8, the U type setting element 1 notch end binding off that the final processing came out does not basically have the size discrepancy problem, satisfies the operation requirement.
In this embodiment, U type setting element 1 be applied to vertical fin standard frock, then according to U type setting element 1's notch design value 34mm, process U type setting element 1's notch width to 24mm, 1 notch both sides of U type setting element leave the machining allowance, unilateral machining allowance is 5mm, 1/5 high range processing to 30mm more than U type setting element 1 notch root, 1 notch root both sides of U type setting element leave the machining allowance, unilateral machining allowance is 2mm.
Example two:
providing a processing method of a U-shaped positioning piece 1 of an airplane standard tool;
firstly, after the appearance of a U-shaped positioning piece 1 of an airplane standard tool is processed and before heat treatment, removing large allowance in a notch 34H8 in a figure 2, processing the U-shaped notch to 24 according to the figure 3, reserving 5mm processing allowance on one side, ensuring that the notch is reserved with enough fine processing allowance, processing the position 1/5 of the height above the root of the notch to 30mm in order to reduce the U-shaped notch closing-in during fine processing, and reserving 2mm fine processing allowances on two sides; then, in order to prevent irregular deformation of the notch caused by heat treatment, as shown in fig. 4, three support rods 2 for supporting the notch are spot-welded uniformly on the notch of the U-shaped positioning member 1, wherein one support rod 22 is spot-welded at the end, and one support rod 22 for supporting the notch is spot-welded at each of two sides at the middle position between the end support rod 2 and the root of the U-shaped positioning member 11; next, after heat treatment (quenching), annealing the U-shaped positioning piece 1 to remove most internal stress in the part and ensure stable quality of subsequent finish machining without being influenced by the internal stress; then, three support rods 2 for supporting the notch are ground, the width of the notch is not severely deformed, and enough machining allowance is ensured before finish machining of the width of the notch; and finally, clamping the U-shaped positioning piece 1 on a wire to perform finish machining on the notch, wherein the notch is provided with 10mm of allowance, so that in order to avoid the adverse factors of stress concentration release formed by excessive tool consumption on the machining quality, finish machining is performed on the notch for 2-3 times, the uniform stress release is ensured, and the final cutting feed can meet the machining precision of the notch parallelism 0.02 and the notch width 34H 8.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution to other applications without substantial modification.
Claims (8)
1. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the aircraft standard tool is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out coarse discharge and large allowance treatment on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece;
step 2: at least one support rod is arranged on the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece;
and step 3: quenching the U-shaped positioning piece;
and 4, step 4: annealing the U-shaped positioning piece;
and 5: disassembling the stay bar at the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece;
step 6: and (5) performing finish machining on the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece.
2. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: step 1, according to the design value a of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece, the width of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece is machined to 3/5-4/5,U of the design value a of the notch, and machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the notch of the positioning piece, wherein the machining allowance is 1/5-2/5 of the design value a of the notch.
3. The machining method for the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and in the step 5363, processing the notch root of the 1,U type positioning piece to the position 5/7-6/7,U type positioning piece with the notch design value a within the height range of 1/5 above the notch root, and reserving processing allowance at two sides of the notch root of the positioning piece, wherein the processing allowance is 1/7-2/7 of the notch design value a.
4. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: and 2, uniformly spot-welding three support rods for supporting the notch at the outer edge of the end of the notch of the U-shaped positioning piece 1, wherein one support rod 2 is spot-welded at the end, and one support rod 2 for supporting the notch is spot-welded at each point at the middle position of the end support rod and the root part of the U-shaped positioning piece 1.
5. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: and 3, quenching the U-shaped positioning piece, heating to 820-860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 80-120 min, and cooling the positioning piece to normal room temperature by adopting any one of oil, water and low-temperature alkali liquor as a cooling medium after the heat preservation is finished.
6. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: and 4, tempering the U-shaped positioning piece, heating to 360-420 ℃, keeping the temperature for 130-180 min, and cooling the positioning piece to normal room temperature by adopting air as a cooling medium after the heat preservation is finished.
7. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: and 6, clamping the U-shaped positioning piece on the linear cutting to finish machining the notch, and finishing the notch 2-3 times to ensure that the stress is uniformly released, wherein the last feed of the linear cutting meets the machining precision of the notch parallelism degree of 0.02 and the notch width of 34H 8.
8. The machining method of the U-shaped positioning piece of the standard tool of the airplane as claimed in claim 3, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: the U-shaped positioning element is applied to a vertical tail standard tool, the width of a notch of the U-shaped positioning element is processed to 24mm according to the notch design value of the U-shaped positioning element, machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the notch of the U-shaped positioning element, machining allowance is 5mm on one side, machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the root of the notch of the U-shaped positioning element and is 2mm on one side within the height range of 1/5 above the root of the notch of the U-shaped positioning element, and machining allowance is reserved on two sides of the root of the notch of the U-shaped positioning element.
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