CN115444068A - Cod protein peptide powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cod protein peptide powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/04—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from fish or other sea animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/04—Animal proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/341—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of animal proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to cod protein peptide powder and a preparation method thereof. A preparation method of cod protein peptide powder is provided, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of raw material pretreatment, drying, crushing, protein extraction, enzymolysis and post-treatment, wherein in the process, protein extraction and enzymolysis are carried out firstly, the product after enzymolysis can be a polypeptide fragment with higher purity, and other components such as fat, vitamins and the like are not contained, and the post-treatment is carried out after enzymolysis, so that the obtained polypeptide fragment with high molecular content can be split into fragments with small molecular weight, the peptide fragment content of the finally obtained peptide powder micromolecules is higher, the peptide fragment is more favorable for being quickly dissolved in water and quickly absorbed, the content of the cod protein peptide powder bioactive peptide obtained by the preparation method is higher, the cod protein peptide powder can be ensured to have higher oxidation resistance, and the product quality is better; the preparation method is efficient, is beneficial to reducing energy consumption, and is suitable for wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to cod protein peptide powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cod, also known as big-head green, big-head fishy, latissimus and the like, is one of the fishes with the largest fishing amount all the year around, and has important edible value and economic value. The cod is rich in nutritive value, contains various essential amino acids, trace elements such as potassium and selenium, polyunsaturated fatty acids and other nutrients, and is an important source for people to ingest high-quality protein. The cod protein contains essential amino acids except tryptophan and all non-essential amino acids, and the contents of all the amino acids are rich, so that the cod protein is a high-quality protein resource. Meanwhile, the cod also contains a large amount of taurine with the content as high as 28.50g/kg protein. The cod protein has high functions of resisting oxidation, hypertension and inflammation, and the functionality of the protein source polypeptide is particularly important
Polypeptides are compounds in which alpha-amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, and are intermediates in the hydrolysis of proteins. The functional active polypeptide is protein fragment or hydrolysate with 3-20 amino acids, molecular weight less than 6000Da and certain physiological function. The marine protein peptide has important life activity and is an important representative of active polypeptide. With the rapid development of molecular biology and biochemical techniques, it has been found that there are tens of thousands of peptides present in organisms, and almost all cells are regulated by peptides, which are involved in various fields such as hormones, nerves, cell growth and reproduction. However, the marine-derived bioactive protein peptide is concerned by its special activity and high nutritive value. The codfish, as an important marine organism, occupies an important position in the marine industry, has important economic and nutritional values, and has important practical significance in researching protein polypeptides of the codfish.
However, the existing process can not completely advance the functional polypeptide in the fish, the production cost is high, the time is consumed, the generated residual compound is difficult to remove, the content of the extracted polypeptide is low, and the requirement of industrial production cannot be met.
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly and efficiently completely extracting functional polypeptide in cod protein, and provides cod protein peptide powder which has no chemical residue, high oxidation resistance and high solubility in water. The method effectively solves the problems of low production cost and low peptide content in the prior art, and provides a feasible method for industrial production of related industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide cod protein peptide powder and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of low peptide content and poor oxidation resistance of the cod protein peptide powder produced in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing cod protein peptide powder, comprising the steps of:
providing a cod sample and carrying out pretreatment to obtain a pretreatment sample;
drying and crushing the pretreated sample to obtain a crude sample;
performing protein extraction on the crude sample, and collecting supernatant to obtain a protein extract sample;
carrying out enzymolysis treatment on a protein extract sample to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
and carrying out post-treatment on the enzymolysis sample to obtain the cod protein peptide powder.
In some embodiments, the step of performing post-processing comprises: and (3) sequentially carrying out static pressure treatment and drying treatment on the enzymolysis sample.
In some embodiments, the drying process is a vacuum freeze drying process, and the drying time is 36-48 hours.
In some embodiments, the pulverization treatment is an ultrasonic pulverization treatment, and the conditions of the ultrasonic pulverization treatment are as follows: the power is 10-30W, the frequency is 50-100KHz, and the time is 60-120 min.
In some embodiments, the step of subjecting the crude sample to protein extraction is performed using a protein extraction buffer, and the protein extraction buffer is a mixture of 0.1-0.15 mol/L, pH of 6.0-6.2 sodium phosphate buffer and 1-1.5 mmol/L EDTA.
In some embodiments, the step of subjecting the crude sample to protein extraction comprises: providing a protein extraction buffer solution and a crude sample, soaking for 48-72 hours, and performing homogenization treatment for 30-60 seconds under the conditions that the rotating speed is 12000-15000rpm and the temperature is 4-5 ℃; extracting for 3-6 hours by using an ice bath shaker; centrifuging at 12000-15000rpm and 4-5 deg.C for 45-60min, and collecting supernatant to obtain protein extractive solution sample.
In some embodiments, the step of performing enzymatic treatment comprises: providing trypsinase with the specific activity of 5000-5500U/g for enzymolysis to obtain hydrolysate, and then performing enzyme deactivation to obtain an enzymolysis sample.
In some embodiments, the step of the static pressure treatment has a pressure of 300 to 600MPa and a treatment time of 10 to 20 minutes.
In some embodiments, the step of pre-processing comprises: cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills, and cutting the fish into pieces of 1cm × 1cm to obtain a pretreated sample.
In a second aspect, the application provides cod protein peptide powder, which is prepared by a cod protein peptide powder preparation method, wherein the content of active peptide in the cod protein peptide powder is 87.89-90.36mg/100 g.
In a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing cod protein peptide powder, comprising: the method comprises a series of processing technologies of raw material pretreatment, drying, crushing, protein extraction, enzymolysis and post-treatment, wherein in the technology, protein extraction and enzymolysis are carried out firstly, the product after enzymolysis treatment is a polypeptide fragment with higher purity and does not contain other components such as fat, vitamins and the like, and the post-treatment is carried out after enzymolysis, so that the obtained polypeptide fragment with high molecular content can be split into fragments with small molecular weight, the peptide fragment content of the small molecules of the finally obtained peptide powder is higher, the peptide fragment is more beneficial to being quickly dissolved in water and being quickly absorbed, and the content of the bioactive peptide of the codfish protein peptide powder obtained by the preparation method is higher, so that the higher oxidation resistance of the codfish protein peptide powder can be ensured, and the product quality is better; the preparation method has the advantages of high efficiency, no toxicity, environmental friendliness, contribution to reducing energy consumption and suitability for wide application.
The cod protein peptide powder provided by the second aspect of the application is prepared by a cod protein peptide powder preparation method, wherein the cod protein peptide powder is high in active peptide content, namely 87.89-90.36mg/100g, the molecular weight is less than 0.5kDa and reaches more than 80%, and the cod protein peptide powder is more beneficial to absorption. The prepared protein peptide has high antioxidant activity, is quickly dissolved in water, can be well absorbed, and ensures the functional activity of the peptide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application more clearly apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In this application, the term "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a alone, A and B together, and B alone. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, "at least one (a), b, or c", or "at least one (a), b, and c", may each represent: a, b, c, a-b (i.e., a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, and c may be single or plural, respectively.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the foregoing processes do not imply an execution sequence, some or all of the steps may be executed in parallel or executed sequentially, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not limit the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the examples of this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present application as long as it is scaled up or down according to the description of the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, the mass in the description of the embodiments of the present application may be in units of mass known in the chemical industry, such as μ g, mg, g, and kg.
The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are used for distinguishing purposes such as substances from one another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. For example, a first XX may also be referred to as a second XX, and similarly, a second XX may also be referred to as a first XX, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present application. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
The first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a preparation method of cod protein peptide powder, comprising the following steps:
s01, providing a cod sample and carrying out pretreatment to obtain a pretreatment sample;
s02, drying and crushing the preprocessed sample to obtain a rough sample;
s03, performing protein extraction on the crude sample, and collecting supernate to obtain a protein extract sample;
s04, carrying out enzymolysis treatment on the protein extract sample to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
s05, carrying out post-treatment on the enzymolysis sample to obtain the cod protein peptide powder.
The preparation method of the cod protein peptide powder provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of raw material pretreatment, drying, crushing, protein extraction, enzymolysis and post-treatment, wherein in the process, protein extraction and enzymolysis are carried out firstly, the product after enzymolysis can be a polypeptide fragment with higher purity, and other components such as fat, vitamins and the like are not contained, and the post-treatment is carried out after enzymolysis, so that the obtained polypeptide fragment with high molecular content can be split into fragments with small molecular weight, the peptide fragment content of the finally obtained peptide powder micromolecules is higher, the peptide fragment is more favorable for being quickly dissolved in water and quickly absorbed, the content of the cod protein peptide powder bioactive peptide obtained by the preparation method is higher, the cod protein peptide powder can be ensured to have higher oxidation resistance, and the product quality is better; the preparation method has the advantages of high efficiency, no toxicity, environmental friendliness, contribution to reducing energy consumption and suitability for wide application.
In step S01, a cod sample is provided and subjected to pretreatment to obtain a pretreated sample. The pretreatment is carried out on the cod, which is beneficial to ensuring the cleanness and sanitation of the prepared product.
In some embodiments, the step of pre-treating comprises: cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills, and cutting the fish into pieces of 1cm × 1cm to obtain a pretreated sample.
In step S02, the pretreated sample is dried and pulverized to obtain a crude sample. The resulting pretreated sample was first subjected to a drying treatment for the purpose of facilitating the preparation by pulverization.
In some embodiments, the drying process is a vacuum freeze drying process, and the drying time is 36-48 hours. The vacuum freeze drying technology can freeze the fish meat containing water into solid state at a lower temperature (-10 ℃ to-50 ℃), then the water in the fish meat is directly sublimated into gas state without liquid state under vacuum (1.3 to 13 Pa), and finally the material is dehydrated; can ensure that the nutrient substances are not damaged.
In some embodiments, the time period for the vacuum freeze-drying process includes, but is not limited to, 36 hours, 37 hours, 38 hours, 39 hours, 40 hours, 41 hours, 42 hours, 43 hours, 44 hours, 45 hours, 46 hours, 47 hours, 48 hours.
Furthermore, the product obtained by vacuum freeze drying is crushed, so that the obtained rough sample particles are fine and smooth, protein extraction is facilitated, and the high protein extraction rate is ensured.
In some embodiments, the pulverization treatment is an ultrasonic pulverization treatment, and the conditions of the ultrasonic pulverization treatment are as follows: the power is 10-30W, the frequency is 50-100KHz, and the time is 60-120 min.
In step S03, protein extraction is performed on the crude sample, and the supernatant is collected to obtain a protein extract sample.
In some embodiments, the step of subjecting the crude sample to protein extraction is performed using a protein extraction buffer, and the protein extraction buffer is a mixture of 0.1-0.15 mol/L, pH of 6.0-6.2 sodium phosphate buffer and 1-1.5 mmol/L EDTA.
In some embodiments, the protein extraction buffer is a mixture of 0.1mol/L, pH is 6.0 sodium phosphate buffer and 1mmol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
In some embodiments, the step of subjecting the crude sample to protein extraction comprises: providing a protein extraction buffer solution and a crude sample, soaking for 48-72 hours, and performing homogenization treatment for 30-60 seconds under the conditions that the rotating speed is 12000-15000rpm and the temperature is 4-5 ℃; extracting for 3-6 hours by using an ice bath shaker; centrifuging at 12000-15000rpm and 4-5 deg.C for 45-60min, and collecting supernatant to obtain protein extract sample.
And step S04, carrying out enzymolysis treatment on the protein extract sample to obtain an enzymolysis sample. Protein is extracted firstly, and a protein extract sample is subjected to enzymolysis treatment, so that the purity after enzymolysis can be ensured, and if the protein extract sample is subjected to direct enzymolysis, a plurality of impurities (fat, vitamins and other substances) are obtained.
In some embodiments, the step of performing enzymatic treatment comprises: providing trypsinase with the specific activity of 5000-5500U/g for enzymolysis to obtain hydrolysate, and then carrying out enzyme deactivation to obtain an enzymolysis sample.
In some embodiments, the step of performing enzymatic treatment comprises: providing trypsin with the specific activity of 5000U/g for enzymolysis to obtain hydrolysate, and then performing enzyme deactivation to obtain an enzymolysis sample.
In step S05, performing post-treatment on the enzymolysis sample to obtain cod protein peptide powder.
In some embodiments, the step of performing post-processing comprises: and (3) sequentially carrying out static pressure treatment and drying treatment on the enzymolysis sample.
In some embodiments, the step of the static pressure treatment has a pressure of 300 to 600MPa and a treatment time of 10 to 20 minutes. The static pressure treatment belongs to high static pressure treatment, large peptide fragments can be further cracked into small molecular weight fragments, the small molecular weight peptides are easier to absorb by people, and the content of the small molecular weight peptides in the obtained cod protein peptide powder is higher.
In some embodiments, the drying process is a vacuum freeze drying process, and the drying time is 36-48 hours.
According to the second aspect of the embodiment of the application, the cod protein peptide powder is prepared by a cod protein peptide powder preparation method, wherein the content of active peptide in the cod protein peptide powder is 87.89-90.36mg/100 g.
The cod protein peptide powder provided by the second aspect of the embodiment of the application is prepared by a preparation method of the cod protein peptide powder, wherein the content of active peptide of the cod protein peptide powder is high, the active peptide content is 87.89-90.36mg/100g, the molecular weight is less than 0.5kDa, the ratio reaches more than 80%, and the cod protein peptide powder is more beneficial to absorption. The prepared protein peptide has high antioxidant activity, is fast dissolved in water, can be well absorbed, and ensures the functional activity of the peptide.
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Preparation method of cod protein peptide powder
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 10W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 120min, so as to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 48h, then homogenate is carried out at 15000rpm4 ℃ for 60s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 6h, and centrifugation is carried out at 15000rpm4 ℃ for 45min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 300MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 36 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample, namely the cod protein peptide powder.
Example 2
Preparation method of cod protein peptide powder
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 36 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 30W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 80min to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 72h, then homogenate is carried out at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 60s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 3h, and centrifugation is carried out at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 45min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 600MPa for 10 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 48 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample, namely the cod protein peptide powder.
Example 3
Preparation method of cod protein peptide powder
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 36-48h to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 10-30W, the frequency is 50-100KHz, and the time is 60-120min, so as to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 48-72h, then homogenate is carried out at 12000-15000rpm at 4 ℃ for 30-60s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 3-6h, and centrifugation is carried out at 12000-15000rpm at 4 ℃ for 45-60min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 300-600MPa for 10-20 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static pressure sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 36-72h to obtain a freeze-dried sample, namely the cod protein peptide powder.
Example 4
Preparation method of cod protein peptide powder
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing fish gills, cutting fish (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces of 1cm x 1cm, so as to obtain a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 40h to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 20W, the frequency is 80KHz, and the time is 100min to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), soaking Buffer for 60h, homogenizing at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 40s, extracting with ice bath shaking table for 4h, and centrifuging at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 50min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 500MPa for 15 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 70 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample, namely the cod protein peptide powder.
Example 5
Preparation method of cod protein peptide powder
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 30W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 90min to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 60h, then homogenate is carried out at 13000rpm 4 ℃ for 60s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 5h, and centrifugation is carried out at 13000rpm 4 ℃ for 50min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment, wherein the treatment pressure is 550MPa, and the treatment time is 15 minutes, so as to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 65 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample, namely the cod protein peptide powder.
Example 6
Preparation method of cod protein peptide powder
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 45 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 30W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 100min to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 65h, then homogenate is carried out at 12000rpm at 4 ℃ for 40s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 5h, and centrifugation is carried out at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 60min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 500MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 72 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample, namely the cod protein peptide powder.
Comparative example 1
Cod processing method
The method comprises the following steps:
providing a cod sample;
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing fish gills, cutting fish (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces of 1cm x 1cm, so as to obtain a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 30 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 10W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 60min, so as to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 72h, then homogenate is carried out at 15000rpm at 4 ℃ for 60s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 6h, and centrifugation is carried out at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 45min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extracting solution sample with the specific activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 300MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 72 hours to obtain the sample.
Comparative example 2
Cod processing method
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 36h to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 10W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 50min, so as to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 48h, then homogenate is carried out at 12000rpm at 4 ℃ for 30s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 3h, and centrifugation is carried out at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 45min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 300MPa for 10 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 36 hours to obtain the sample.
Comparative example 3
Cod processing method
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 48 hours to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 10W, the frequency is 50KHz, and the time is 60min, so as to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 48h, then homogenate is carried out at 15000rpm at 4 ℃ for 60s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 6h, and centrifugation is carried out at 15000rpm4 ℃ for 60min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 200MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 72 hours to obtain the sample.
Comparative example 4
Cod processing method
The method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: providing a cod sample; cleaning a cod sample, removing internal organs, removing gills of the cod, cutting the cod (containing fishbones, fishskins, fish heads and the like) into pieces with the specification of 1cm by 1cm, and obtaining a pretreatment sample;
vacuum freeze drying: freeze-drying the pretreated sample in a vacuum freeze dryer for 36h to obtain a freeze-dried sample;
ultrasonic crushing: carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the freeze-dried sample, wherein the power is 30W, the frequency is 100KHz, and the time is 120min to obtain a crushed sample;
protein extraction: adding a protein extraction Buffer into the crushed sample for treatment; buffer is 0.1mol/L sodium phosphate (NaH 2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH = 6.0), 1mmol/L Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), buffer is soaked for 72h, then homogenate is carried out at 12000rpm at 4 ℃ for 30s, ice bath shaking table extraction is carried out for 3h, and centrifugation is carried out at 12000rpm4 ℃ for 45min; the supernatant is a protein extracting solution sample;
enzymolysis: adding trypsin into a protein extract sample with the specific enzyme activity of 5000U/g for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysate, and inactivating enzymes to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
high static pressure treatment: carrying out vacuum packaging on the enzymolysis sample, and then carrying out high static pressure treatment at the treatment pressure of 600MPa for 8 minutes to obtain a high static pressure sample;
and (3) secondary vacuum freeze drying: and (3) freeze-drying the high-static-pressure sample in a vacuum freeze-drying machine for 72 hours to obtain the sample.
Determination of Properties
(1) The processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were evaluated for antioxidant activity using total reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability.
The experiment of the total reducing power is specifically as follows: 1mg of the protein extract was mixed with 2.5mL of phosphate buffer (200mM PBS, pH 6.6) and 2.5mL of 1% potassium ferricyanide K was added 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]Then, the mixture was incubated at 50 ℃ for 20min, 2.5mL of 10% trichloroacetic acid was added, centrifugation was carried out for 10min under 1000g, 2mL of the supernatant was taken, 2mL of water and 0.5mL of 0.1% ferric chloride were added, and after uniform mixing, the mixture was measured for absorbance at 700 nm.
The same mentioned DPPH solution was mixed well with the protein extract, vortexed, and incubated at 25 ℃ for 30min. A mixture of 1mL of water and 1mL of DPPH was selected for the same mixing and manipulation as a blank control. The mixture was tested for absorbance at 517 nm.
The formula for calculation of DPPH radical scavenging ability is as follows:
DPPH-RSA(％)＝(A c -A s )/A s ×100％
in the formula:
DPPH-RSA: DPPH radical scavenging capacity (%);
ac: absorbance of the sample;
AS: absorbance of control.
(2) The processed powder products obtained in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-4 were provided, and the peptide fingerprint of the sample was analyzed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.
(3) The processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were provided, and the solubility of the samples was analyzed by whether or not the solubility was more than 10g/100g (10 g of the sample could be dissolved in 100g of water).
Analysis of results
(1) The processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were evaluated for antioxidant activity using total reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability. The results of the total reducing power test of the processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 show the total reducing power (OD) of the samples of examples 1 to 6 700 ) 0.17 to 0.20, and 0.08 to 0.10 for comparative examples 1 to 4, which shows that examples 1 to 6 have a higher total reducing power. The results of the experiments on DPPH radical scavenging ability of the processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 show that the DPPH radical scavenging ability (%) of the samples of examples 1 to 6 is 75 to 81 and that of comparative examples 1 to 4 is 59 to 63, indicating that examples 1 to 6 have higher DPPH radical scavenging ability. It can be seen that by the treatment methods provided in examples 1 to 6, functional peptides having high oxidation resistance can be produced.
TABLE 1
(2) The processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were provided, and the peptide fingerprints of the samples were analyzed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. The peptide content of the processed powder products obtained in the embodiments 1-6 is 87.89-90.36mg/100g, wherein the ratio of the molecular weight less than 500Da reaches more than 80%; comparative examples 1 to 4 are 48.86-68.34mg/100g, with a molecular weight of less than 500Da at 67% or less. It can be seen that by the treatment methods provided in examples 1 to 6, functional peptides having a small molecular weight can be produced.
TABLE 2
(3) The processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were provided, and the solubility of the samples was analyzed by whether or not the solubility was more than 10g/100g (10 g of the sample could be dissolved in 100g of water). The solubility of the processed powder products obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was more than 10g/100g, indicating that the processed powder products were highly soluble powders.
In summary, the preparation method of the cod protein peptide powder provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of raw material pretreatment, drying, crushing, protein extraction, enzymolysis and post-treatment, wherein in the process, protein extraction and enzymolysis are carried out firstly, the product after enzymolysis can be a polypeptide fragment with higher purity, and other components such as fat, vitamins and the like are not contained, and the post-treatment is carried out after enzymolysis, so that the obtained polypeptide fragment with high molecular content can be split into fragments with small molecular weight, the peptide fragment content of the finally obtained peptide powder micromolecules is higher, the peptide fragment is more favorable for being quickly dissolved in water and quickly absorbed, the content of the cod protein peptide powder bioactive peptide obtained by the preparation method is higher, the cod protein peptide powder can be ensured to have higher oxidation resistance, and the product quality is better; the preparation method has the advantages of high efficiency, no toxicity, environmental friendliness, contribution to reducing energy consumption and suitability for wide application.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of cod protein peptide powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a cod sample and carrying out pretreatment to obtain a pretreatment sample;
drying and crushing the pretreated sample to obtain a crude sample;
carrying out protein extraction on the crude sample, and collecting supernatant to obtain a protein extract sample;
carrying out enzymolysis treatment on the protein extract sample to obtain an enzymolysis sample;
and carrying out post-treatment on the enzymolysis sample to obtain the cod protein peptide powder.
2. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing post-treatment comprises: and sequentially carrying out static pressure treatment and drying treatment on the enzymolysis sample.
3. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to claim 2, wherein the drying treatment is vacuum freeze drying, and the drying time is 36 to 48 hours.
4. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to claim 1, wherein the pulverization treatment is an ultrasonic pulverization treatment, and the conditions of the ultrasonic pulverization treatment are as follows: the power is 10-30W, the frequency is 50-100KHz, and the time is 60-120 min.
5. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step of subjecting the crude sample to protein extraction, protein extraction is performed using a protein extraction buffer solution, and the protein extraction buffer solution is a mixture of 0.1 to 0.15mol/L, pH of 6.0 to 6.2 sodium phosphate buffer solution and 1 to 1.5mmol/L ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
6. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to claim 5, wherein the step of subjecting the crude sample to protein extraction comprises: providing the protein extraction buffer solution and the crude sample, soaking for 48-72 hours, and performing homogenization treatment for 30-60 seconds under the conditions that the rotating speed is 12000-15000rpm and the temperature is 4-5 ℃; extracting for 3-6 hours by using an ice bath shaker; centrifuging at 12000-15000rpm and 4-5 deg.C for 45-60min, and collecting supernatant to obtain protein extractive solution sample.
7. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of enzymatic treatment comprises: providing trypsinase with the specific activity of 5000-5500U/g for enzymolysis to obtain hydrolysate, and then carrying out enzyme deactivation to obtain an enzymolysis sample.
8. The preparation method of cod protein peptide powder according to claim 2, wherein in the step of the static pressure treatment, the pressure of the static pressure treatment is 300 to 600MPa, and the treatment time is 10 to 20 minutes.
9. The method for preparing cod protein peptide powder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of pre-treating comprises: the cod sample was cleaned, eviscerated, gill removed, and fish cut to a 1cm by 1cm specification to obtain a pretreated sample.
10. Cod protein peptide powder, characterised in that it is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cod protein peptide powder has an active peptide content of 87.89 to 90.36mg/100g.
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| CN107164447A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of method that utilization cod processing accessory substance prepares anti-oxidation peptide |
| CN112931880A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 临沂华兴生物科技有限公司 | Glycosylated fish skin protein peptide for promoting growth of probiotics and reducing blood sugar and preparation method thereof |
| CN113249423A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-13 | 延边大学 | Preparation method and application of cod skin collagen peptide powder |
| CN113789361A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-14 | 王朝辉 | Cod peptide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114214384A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-22 | 海南三元星生物科技股份有限公司 | Marine organism-derived collagen peptide, and extraction method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107164447A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of method that utilization cod processing accessory substance prepares anti-oxidation peptide |
| CN112931880A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 临沂华兴生物科技有限公司 | Glycosylated fish skin protein peptide for promoting growth of probiotics and reducing blood sugar and preparation method thereof |
| CN113249423A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-13 | 延边大学 | Preparation method and application of cod skin collagen peptide powder |
| CN113789361A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-14 | 王朝辉 | Cod peptide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114214384A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-22 | 海南三元星生物科技股份有限公司 | Marine organism-derived collagen peptide, and extraction method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20221209 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |