CN115441088A - Winding type battery cell, battery, assembly method of battery and electric device - Google Patents
Winding type battery cell, battery, assembly method of battery and electric device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115441088A CN115441088A CN202211129316.1A CN202211129316A CN115441088A CN 115441088 A CN115441088 A CN 115441088A CN 202211129316 A CN202211129316 A CN 202211129316A CN 115441088 A CN115441088 A CN 115441088A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
- H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a winding type battery cell, a battery, an assembly method of the battery cell and an electric device. The winding type battery cell with the hollow structure increases the outer surface area of the winding core, is more favorable for heat dissipation, and can play a role in preventing short circuit by wrapping the elastic insulating layer on the outer wall of the central tube, effectively relieve extrusion force generated when the negative plate expands during charging and be favorable for prolonging the long cycle life of the lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-shell batteries, and relates to a winding type battery core, a winding type battery, an assembly method of the winding type battery core and the battery, and an electric device.
Background
With the development of new energy technology and the strong support of the country, new energy electric vehicles are rapidly developed. The power battery is used as the core of the new energy electric automobile, and the safety, the stability and the high rate of the power battery are very important for the electric automobile. Power batteries in the current market are mainly divided into square batteries, cylindrical batteries and soft package batteries.
Compared with the pouch battery and the square battery, the cylindrical battery is the battery which is commercialized at the earliest, has the highest production automation degree, and is the battery with the lowest current production cost. Currently, 18650 cylindrical lithium batteries and 21700 cylindrical lithium batteries are mainly sold in the market, and specifications of other common cylindrical lithium batteries are 14650, 17490, 18650, 21700 and 26650.
The cylindrical battery mainly comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, a positive pole lug, a negative pole lug, a safety valve, an overcurrent protection device, an insulating part and a shell. Among them, the commonly used cylindrical battery cases include a steel case, an aluminum case and a polymer case, and the battery cases of different material systems have different advantages. Taking a currently common aluminum-shell cylindrical battery as an example, the aluminum-shell structure adopted by the battery has the advantages that: (1) The aluminum shell has higher specific strength, specific modulus, fracture toughness, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance stability; (2) The surface treatment of the aluminum shell usually adopts an electrostatic spraying process, the selectable spraying colors are numerous, private customization can be carried out according to the needs of customers, and common colors comprise beige, dark gray, black, army green and the like; (3) The aluminum shell has the advantages of aluminum alloy, including light weight, durability in molding and the like; (4) The aluminum shell has good ductility and stronger plasticity, and the production performance, the processing performance and the casting performance of the aluminum shell are all superior to those of a steel shell.
Although the aluminum-shell cylindrical battery has many advantages, it also has obvious defects compared with the steel-shell cylindrical battery, for example, the unique cap structure of the steel-shell cylindrical battery improves its safety performance, while the cap of the aluminum-shell cylindrical battery is mostly fixed by laser welding, and the safety performance is relatively poor. Therefore, the improvement of the safety performance of the aluminum-shell cylindrical battery is very important for the application expansion of the aluminum-shell cylindrical battery. In addition, as the size of the aluminum-shell cylindrical battery increases, the heat in the battery is difficult to diffuse to the surface of the battery, and especially as the demand of customers for quick charging increases, the charging rate is increased, and the larger the charging rate is, the higher the temperature rise of the battery is. Therefore, the technical problem that how to guarantee the safety performance of the aluminum shell cylindrical battery and improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery is urgently needed to be solved is that higher requirements are provided for the safety performance and the heat dissipation effect of the aluminum shell cylindrical battery in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a winding type battery cell, a battery, an assembly method thereof and an electric device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a winding type battery cell, which includes a winding core and a central tube, wherein a cavity penetrating through the winding core is formed inside the winding core along a length direction, the central tube is arranged in the cavity, and an elastic insulating layer is wrapped on the periphery of the central tube.
The winding type battery core with the hollow structure increases the outer surface area of the winding core, is more favorable for heat dissipation, simultaneously, the center position of the winding core is the area with the most difficult heat dissipation and the highest temperature in the charging and discharging process, the hollow structure is designed at the center position, the central pipe is inserted, the interior of the battery core is directly connected with the exterior of the battery core through the central pipe, the heat dissipated from the center area of the winding core can be directly discharged through the openings at the two ends of the central pipe through the central pipe, the heating condition of the center area in the battery core can be effectively improved by combining the heat dissipation modes of natural cooling, air cooling or liquid cooling and the like, the temperature in the winding core is effectively reduced, the consistency of the temperature in the winding core is improved, and the winding type battery core is more suitable for being used by the battery core during large-rate charging and discharging. Secondly, the center tube that sets up in rolling up the inside cavity of core can also play the effect of supporting a roll core pole piece except that the performance radiating effect, can prevent effectively that the core that leads to because of the pole piece inflation from collapsing among the battery charge-discharge process, and then has improved the cycle life and the security performance of lithium cell. And the elastic insulating layer is wrapped on the outer wall of the central tube, so that the elastic insulating layer can play a role in preventing short circuit, and meanwhile, the extrusion force generated when the negative plate expands during charging can be effectively relieved, and the long cycle life of the lithium battery can be prolonged.
The material of the elastic insulating layer is not particularly required and limited, and the elastic insulating layer has the lowest requirement of high temperature resistance and chemical stability, can still be stably attached to the surface of the inner tube when the temperature in the battery is sharply increased, and can prevent the inner tube from being in direct contact with the battery pole piece and not from generating chemical reaction with the electrolyte. Specifically, the composition optionally includes any one or a combination of at least two of polyether esters, acryl groups or vinyl groups, for example: PP, PET, PBT, EPDM, EPR, EMA, EVA, TPV, SBCPP, RCP, EVA, PTFE, POE, PVC or LDPE or a combination of at least two of the above.
It should be noted that the main body of the center tube is a tubular structure with openings at both ends thereof and is axially through, and the inner space of the center tube can be freely penetrated by heat dissipation media such as air or cooling liquid, so as to realize heat dissipation inside the winding core.
It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the central tube is not particularly limited and may be circular or polygonal. The winding core provided by the invention is drawn out after the winding needle is wound, and then the central tube is inserted into the hollow cavity formed in the winding core, so that the sectional area of the central tube is slightly smaller than that of the hollow cavity in order to be smoothly inserted into the central tube.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the winding core is formed by sequentially stacking and winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet.
The surface of the positive plate is divided into a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, the surface of the negative plate is divided into a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, and the diaphragm covers the positive coating area and the negative coating area; after lamination, the anode empty foil area and the cathode empty foil area respectively extend out of two opposite side edges of the diaphragm; and after winding, the positive electrode empty foil area and the negative electrode empty foil area form a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab which are positioned at two ends of the winding core.
As a preferable technical scheme, the outer wall of the central tube is provided with a plurality of protruding structures, the wall of the central tube protrudes from inside to outside to form the protruding structures, and the protruding structures are in point contact with the inner circumferential surface of the core cavity.
According to the invention, the plurality of convex structures are arranged on the outer surface of the central tube, so that the contact area between the central tube and the inner wall of the winding core is increased, the heat dissipation area is increased, and the heat dissipation effect is improved.
The central tube is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The length of center tube with roll up the core height the same, the both ends of center tube respectively with roll up the both ends parallel and level of core.
On the basis of ensuring the heat dissipation effect and the temperature balance of the battery core, in order to further improve the safety of the battery in the using process, the structure of the central tube is optimally designed, optionally, two ends of the central tube are sealed, a shallow scratch is scratched at the sealed part of at least one end, the shallow scratch is kept closed under the condition of no pressure impact, and the shallow scratch can be broken once the pressure impact exists and a certain pressure value is reached. Further optionally, phase change material is filled in the inner cavity of the central tube, multiple effects such as heat absorption, heat dissipation and pressure relief of the battery cell are achieved through combination of the phase change material and the shallow scratches at the end part of the central tube, when the temperature inside the battery is too high, the phase change material can absorb redundant heat, and heat absorption can be achieved while heat dissipation is achieved. When lithium ion battery takes place to cross to charge, put, bear high temperature, receive acupuncture or extrusion, the inside temperature of battery and pressure risees suddenly, and the inside heat that produces of battery has surpassed phase change material's heat absorption limit, and internal pressure sharply increases, and phase change material can be heated this moment and take place to decompose to produce a large amount of non-combustible gases in the short time, and then break through the shallow scratch of center tube one end and accomplish the pressure release. In addition, because roll core and the inside complete isolation of center tube even if the inside and external intercommunication of center tube can not influence roll core structure, the battery still can normal use. In addition, because the electrolyte can not enter the central tube, the phase-change material is filled in the central tube, so that the direct contact between the phase-change material and the electrolyte is avoided, and the chemical reaction between the phase-change material and the electrolyte is prevented from influencing the working efficiency of the battery. The phase-change material is filled in the central tube, the internal space of the central tube is effectively utilized, and the balance of the internal temperature and the pressure of the battery cell is effectively realized while the volume of the battery cell is not remarkably improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery, where the battery includes an aluminum casing with two open ends and end cap assemblies respectively located at the open ends of the two ends of the aluminum casing, the aluminum casing is internally provided with the winding type electrical core in the first aspect, and two ends of the winding type electrical core are respectively electrically connected to the corresponding end cap assemblies;
the end cover assembly is provided with a heat dissipation channel, openings at two ends of the central tube are respectively communicated with the heat dissipation channels of the corresponding end covers, so that the inner cavity of the central tube is communicated with the outside through the heat dissipation channels at the end covers at the two ends.
It should be noted that the battery in the invention forms a closed annular cavity structure in the overall structure of the battery through the cooperation of the aluminum shell and the central tube, wherein the aluminum shell is used as the outer wall of the annular cavity structure, the central tube is used as the inner wall of the annular cavity, the end cover assemblies at both ends are all in an annular structure, the end cover assemblies are used as both ends of the annular cavity structure to be sealed, and the winding core is located in the annular cavity. In this kind of battery structure, aluminum hull and center tube have all become the cooling surface of rolling up the core, can make through the center tube roll up the direct and external environment intercommunication of core internal region, can take out the radiating heat of core central region when air current or coolant liquid pass the center tube to effectively reduced the inside temperature of battery, improved the uniformity of rolling up the core temperature.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the end cover assembly comprises an end cover and a current collecting disc, the current collecting disc is close to one end of the electric core, the edge of the end cover is connected with the edge of the current collecting disc through a bendable connecting piece, and the end cover and the current collecting disc are folded and buckled with each other through bending the connecting piece.
The end cover and the current collecting disc are respectively provided with a first heat dissipation hole and a second heat dissipation hole, and the diameters of the first heat dissipation hole, the second heat dissipation hole and an opening at one end of the central pipe are the same; after the end cover and the collecting disc are buckled, the first radiating holes and the second radiating holes are overlapped to form the radiating channel, and an opening at one end of the central tube is communicated with the radiating channel.
In the invention, the center of the end cover and the flow collecting disc is respectively provided with a first heat dissipation hole and a second heat dissipation hole, the diameters of the first heat dissipation hole and the second heat dissipation hole are the same as the diameter of the central tube, and an opening at one end of the central tube is communicated with the outside through the first heat dissipation hole and the second heat dissipation hole to dissipate heat.
The connecting piece is provided with a circular ring penetrating through the connecting piece, the diameter of the circular ring is located between the diameter of the aluminum shell and the diameter of the central pipe, and after the end cover and the collector disc are buckled, the first heat dissipation holes, the circular ring and the second heat dissipation holes are sequentially overlapped from outside to inside.
And the end cover is provided with a pole column, and the positive pole lug and the negative pole lug of the battery cell are respectively and electrically connected with the pole column on the corresponding end cover.
It should be noted that the internal structure of the battery provided by the invention is designed for an aluminum-shell cylindrical battery. The shell of the lithium battery mainly comprises a steel shell, an aluminum shell and an aluminum-plastic film, wherein the aluminum-plastic film is not widely applied to the cylindrical lithium ion battery due to the problems of high cost, difficult packaging and the like. The steel shell is widely applied to cylindrical lithium ion batteries because of high mechanical strength and low manufacturing cost. However, the steel shell is easy to rust, and a layer of nickel is usually plated on the surface of the steel shell for rust prevention, and the nickel has certain toxicity and is harmful to human bodies. And in order to prevent electrochemical corrosion of steel at high potentials, the steel casing of lithium batteries is often designed to be negatively charged. The aluminum shell has the advantages of corrosion resistance, light weight, good processing performance and the like, so that the aluminum shell tends to gradually replace a steel shell; however, aluminum is mechanically weak and easily deformable, requiring more protection against collisions than steel can batteries, and in addition, the aluminum housing of lithium batteries is often designed to be positively charged in order to prevent electrochemical corrosion of aluminum at low potentials. By combining the above, the internal structure design and the preparation process of the steel-shell battery and the aluminum-shell battery have great difference. The application provides a battery inner structure, including the connected mode between book core and the casing to and assembly method etc. are particularly useful for the aluminum-clad battery.
As a preferred technical scheme, a plurality of welding grooves are formed in the current collecting disc, and sink towards the winding core from the end cover; the welding groove is of a fan-shaped structure, and the welding groove is radially distributed by taking the second heat dissipation hole as the center.
And a reinforcing rib protruding towards the end cover from the winding core is formed between every two adjacent welding grooves, and a plurality of electrolyte circulation holes are formed in the reinforcing rib.
The bottom surface of the welding groove close to one side of the winding core is a welding area, and the anode lug or the cathode lug is welded and fixed with the welding area of the welding groove on the corresponding current collecting disc after being crumpled.
In the invention, the lugs at the two ends of the winding core are welded and fixed with the current collecting disc after being bent or crumpled, and the purpose is as follows: (1) Eliminating the gaps formed after the winding of the tabs so as to improve the conductive performance of the tabs; (2) The device can also play a role in fixing the winding core, and can prevent the winding core from displacing after the battery is subjected to severe collision, so that the safety performance of the battery is improved; (3) The tab is welded with the current collecting disc after being bent or crumpled, so that the welding area of the tab can be increased, and the rate performance of the battery is improved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the end cover is also provided with a liquid injection port and a safety valve.
The surface of one side of the end cover, which is close to the current collecting disc, is provided with an insulating support, the insulating support is used for separating the end cover from the current collecting disc, and the inner peripheral surface of the insulating support is tightly attached to the outer peripheral surface of one end of the central tube.
The end cover assemblies at the two ends of the aluminum shell have the same structure.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for assembling a battery according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
firstly, inserting a central tube into a hollow cavity of a winding core; then the core is arranged in a shell, the lugs on two sides of the core are respectively welded with the two end cover assemblies, and the openings on two ends of the central tube are respectively communicated with the outside through the heat dissipation channels of the two end cover assemblies; and finally, welding and fixing the end cover assembly and the open end of the shell, and injecting electrolyte into the shell to obtain the battery.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the assembling method includes the steps of:
(1) The positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate are stacked and then wound to form a winding core with a cavity, and the positive lug and the negative lug of the winding core are bent or kneaded to be flat to obtain a wound cell;
(2) Placing the winding type battery cell into an aluminum shell, and inserting a central tube into a cavity of the winding type battery cell; lugs at two ends of the winding type battery cell are respectively welded on the poles of the end cover through corresponding current collecting discs, and the end cover is folded and buckled on the current collecting discs through the bent connecting piece;
(3) Welding the joint parts among the end covers, the aluminum shell and the central tube to finish sealing two ends of the aluminum shell, so that a closed annular cavity is formed among the aluminum shell, the end covers at two ends and the central tube, and a winding core is contained in the annular cavity;
(4) And injecting electrolyte into the annular cavity through the liquid injection port, and plugging the liquid injection port to obtain the battery.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an electric device comprising the battery of the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the winding type battery core with the hollow structure increases the outer surface area of the winding core, is more favorable for heat dissipation, simultaneously, the center position of the winding core is the area with the most difficult heat dissipation and the highest temperature in the charging and discharging process, the hollow structure is designed at the center position, the central pipe is inserted, the interior of the battery core is directly connected with the exterior of the battery core through the central pipe, the heat dissipated from the center area of the winding core can be directly discharged through the openings at the two ends of the central pipe through the central pipe, the heating condition of the center area in the battery core can be effectively improved by combining the heat dissipation modes of natural cooling, air cooling or liquid cooling and the like, the temperature in the winding core is effectively reduced, the consistency of the temperature in the winding core is improved, and the winding type battery core is more suitable for being used by the battery core during large-rate charging and discharging. Secondly, the center tube that sets up in rolling up the inside cavity of core can also play the effect that supports a roll core pole piece except that the performance radiating action, can prevent effectively that the battery charge-discharge in-process from collapsing because of the roll core that the pole piece inflation leads to, and then has improved the cycle life and the security performance of lithium cell. And the elastic insulating layer is wrapped on the outer wall of the central tube, so that the elastic insulating layer can play a role in preventing short circuit, and meanwhile, the extrusion force generated when the negative plate expands during charging can be effectively relieved, and the long cycle life of the lithium battery can be prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an end cap assembly of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating an internal heat dissipation direction of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a center tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a center tube provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a center tube provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an end cap assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1-aluminum shell; 2-a liquid injection port; 3-a central tube; 4-pole column; 5-an end cap assembly; 51-end cap; 511-insulating support; 512-first heat sink; 52-a collector tray; 521-welding a groove; 522-electrolyte circulation holes; 523-second heat dissipation hole; 524-reinforcing ribs; 53-a connector; 531-circular ring; 7-elastic insulating layer.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be taken as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate a number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected" and "connected" in the description of the present invention are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a winding type battery cell with a central tube 3, the winding type battery cell includes a winding core and the central tube 3, the winding core has a cavity penetrating through the winding core along the length direction, the central tube 3 is disposed in the cavity, and the outer periphery of the central tube 3 is wrapped with an elastic insulating layer 7 (as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8).
The outer surface area of the winding core is increased by the winding type battery core with the hollow structure, heat dissipation is facilitated, meanwhile, in the charging and discharging process, the center position of the winding core is the area with the most difficult heat dissipation and the highest temperature, the hollow structure is designed at the center position and the central tube 3 is inserted, the interior of the battery core is directly connected with the exterior of the battery core through the central tube 3, heat dissipated from the center area of the winding core can be directly discharged through openings at two ends of the central tube 3 through the central tube 3, the heating condition of the center area in the battery core can be effectively improved by combining with heat dissipation modes such as natural cooling, air cooling or liquid cooling, the temperature in the winding core is effectively reduced, the consistency of the temperature in the winding core is improved, and the winding core is more suitable for being used by the battery core during large-rate charging and discharging. Secondly, the center tube 3 that sets up in rolling up the inside cavity of core can also play the effect of supporting a roll core pole piece except that the performance radiating effect, can prevent effectively that the core that leads to because of the pole piece inflation from collapsing among the battery charge-discharge process, and then has improved the cycle life and the security performance of lithium cell. And thirdly, the outer wall of the central tube 3 is wrapped by the elastic insulating layer 7, the elastic insulating layer 7 can play a role in preventing short circuit, and meanwhile, extrusion force generated when the negative plate expands during charging can be effectively relieved, so that the long cycle life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
It should be noted that the material of the elastic insulating layer 7 is not specifically required or limited, and the material has the lowest requirement of high temperature resistance and chemical stability, and can still be stably attached to the surface of the inner tube when the temperature inside the battery is sharply increased, so as to prevent the inner tube from directly contacting with the battery pole piece and not chemically reacting with the electrolyte. Specifically, the adhesive optionally includes any one or a combination of at least two of polyether esters, acryl groups, or vinyl groups, for example: PP, PET, PBT, EPDM, EPR, EMA, EVA, TPV, SBCPP, RCP, EVA, PTFE, POE, PVC or LDPE or at least two combinations.
It should be noted that the main body of the central tube 3 is a tubular structure with openings at both ends and axial through, and the internal space of the central tube can be freely penetrated by heat dissipation media such as air or cooling liquid, so as to realize heat dissipation inside the winding core.
It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the center tube 3 is not particularly limited and may be circular or polygonal. Because the winding core provided by the invention is drawn out after the winding needle is wound, and then the central tube 3 is inserted into the hollow cavity formed in the winding core, the sectional area of the central tube 3 is slightly smaller than that of the hollow cavity in order to smoothly insert the central tube 3.
Further, the winding core is formed by winding after sequentially laminating the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate.
The surface of the positive plate is divided into a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, the surface of the negative plate is divided into a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, and the diaphragm covers the positive coating area and the negative coating area; after lamination, the anode empty foil area and the cathode empty foil area respectively extend out of two opposite side edges of the diaphragm; and after winding, the positive electrode empty foil area and the negative electrode empty foil area form a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab which are positioned at two ends of the winding core.
Further, the outer wall of the central tube 3 is provided with a plurality of protruding structures, the wall of the central tube 3 protrudes from inside to outside to form the protruding structures, and the protruding structures are in point contact with the inner peripheral surface of the roll core cavity.
According to the invention, the plurality of convex structures are arranged on the outer surface of the central tube 3, so that the contact area between the central tube 3 and the inner wall of the winding core is increased, the heat dissipation area is increased, and the heat dissipation effect is improved.
The central tube 3 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The length of center tube 3 with roll up the core height the same, the both ends of center tube 3 respectively with roll up the both ends parallel and level of core.
On the basis of ensuring the heat dissipation effect and the temperature balance of the battery core, in order to further improve the safety of the battery in the using process, the structure of the central tube 3 is optimally designed, optionally, two ends of the central tube 3 are sealed, a shallow scratch is scratched at the sealed position of at least one end, the shallow scratch is kept closed under the condition of no pressure impact, and can be broken once pressure impact exists and a certain pressure value is reached, under the structure, the central tube 3 not only serves as a heat dissipation channel, but also can serve as a pressure release valve, after heat in the central tube 3 is accumulated, the pressure in the central tube 3 is increased along with the temperature rise, and once the pressure in the central tube 3 exceeds a critical value, the shallow scratch at the end part can be broken through the pressure in the central tube 3, so that the pressure release is finished, the damage to a winding core caused by the overlarge pressure in the central tube 3 is prevented, and the probability of further deflagration of the battery is reduced. Further optionally, phase change material is filled in the inner cavity of the central tube 3, multiple effects such as heat absorption, heat dissipation and pressure relief of the battery cell are achieved by combining the phase change material with shallow scratches at the end part of the central tube 3, when the temperature inside the battery is too high, the phase change material can absorb redundant heat, and heat absorption can be achieved while heat dissipation is achieved. When the lithium ion battery is overcharged, overdischarged, high-temperature-bearing, pricked or extruded, the temperature and the pressure inside the battery suddenly rise, the heat generated inside the battery exceeds the heat absorption limit of the phase-change material, the internal pressure sharply increases, the phase-change material is heated and decomposed, a large amount of non-combustible gas is generated in a short time, and then the pressure relief is completed by breaking the shallow scratch at one end of the central tube 3. In addition, because roll core and the inside complete separation of center tube 3, even if center tube 3 is inside to communicate with the external world, can not influence roll core structure yet, but the battery still normal use. In addition, because electrolyte can not get into center tube 3, phase change material has also been avoided phase change material and electrolyte direct contact in filling phase change material in center tube 3, prevents to take place chemical reaction between phase change material and the electrolyte, influences the work efficiency of battery. The phase-change material is filled in the central tube 3, the internal space of the central tube 3 is effectively utilized, and the balance of the internal temperature and the internal pressure of the battery cell is effectively realized while the volume of the battery cell is not remarkably improved.
In another specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the battery includes an aluminum casing 1 with two open ends and end cap assemblies 5 respectively located at the two open ends of the aluminum casing 1, wherein the aluminum casing 1 is provided with the winding type electric core having the central tube 3 according to the first aspect, and two ends of the winding type electric core are respectively electrically connected to the corresponding end cap assemblies 5.
The end cover assembly 5 is provided with a heat dissipation channel, openings at two ends of the central tube 3 are respectively communicated with the heat dissipation channels of the corresponding end covers 51, so that the inner cavity of the central tube 3 is communicated with the outside through the heat dissipation channels at the end covers 51 at the two ends (as shown in fig. 4 and 5).
It should be noted that the battery in the invention forms a closed annular cavity structure in the overall structure of the battery by matching the aluminum shell 1 and the central tube 3, wherein the aluminum shell 1 is used as the outer wall of the annular cavity structure, the central tube 3 is used as the inner wall of the annular cavity, the end cap assemblies 5 at both ends are both in an annular structure, the two ends used as the annular cavity structure are sealed, and the winding core is located in the annular cavity. In this kind of battery structure, aluminum hull 1 and center tube 3 have all become the cooling surface of rolling up the core, can make through center tube 3 roll up the direct and external environment intercommunication of core internal region, can take out the radiating heat of core central region when air current or coolant liquid pass center tube 3 to effectively reduced the inside temperature of battery, improved the uniformity of rolling up the core temperature.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the end cap assembly 5 includes an end cap 51 and a current collecting disc 52, the current collecting disc 52 is close to one end of the cell, an edge of the end cap 51 is connected to an edge of the current collecting disc 52 through a bendable connector 53, and the end cap 51 and the current collecting disc 52 are folded and buckled by bending the connector 53.
The end cover 51 and the collecting disc 52 are respectively provided with a first heat dissipation hole 512 and a second heat dissipation hole 523, and the diameters of the first heat dissipation hole 512, the second heat dissipation hole 523 and an opening at one end of the central tube 3 are the same; after the end cover 51 and the collecting disc 52 are buckled, the first heat dissipation hole 512 and the second heat dissipation hole 523 are overlapped to form the heat dissipation channel, and an opening at one end of the central tube 3 is communicated with the heat dissipation channel.
In the invention, the centers of the end cover 51 and the current collecting disc 52 are respectively provided with a first heat dissipation hole 512 and a second heat dissipation hole 523, the diameters of the first heat dissipation hole 512 and the second heat dissipation hole 523 are the same as the diameter of the central tube 3, and an opening at one end of the central tube 3 is communicated with the outside through the first heat dissipation hole 512 and the second heat dissipation hole 523 to dissipate heat.
Be provided with on the connecting piece 53 and run through the ring 531 of connecting piece 53, the diameter of ring 531 is located the diameter of aluminum hull 1 with between the diameter of center tube 3, end cover 51 with the catch tray 52 back-to-back, first louvre 512 the ring 531 with the second louvre 523 is from outer to interior overlapping in proper order.
The end cover 51 is provided with a terminal post 4, and the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab of the battery cell are respectively and electrically connected with the terminal post 4 on the corresponding end cover 51.
It should be noted that the internal structure of the battery provided by the present invention is designed for the aluminum-can 1 cylindrical battery. The shell of the lithium battery mainly comprises a steel shell, an aluminum shell 1 and an aluminum-plastic film, wherein the aluminum-plastic film is not widely applied to the cylindrical lithium ion battery due to the problems of high cost, difficult packaging and the like. The steel shell is widely applied to cylindrical lithium ion batteries because of high mechanical strength and low manufacturing cost. However, the steel shell is easy to rust, a layer of nickel is usually plated on the surface of the steel shell for rust prevention, and the nickel has certain toxicity and is harmful to human bodies. And in order to prevent electrochemical corrosion of steel at high potentials, the steel casing of lithium batteries is often designed to be negatively charged. The aluminum shell 1 has the advantages of corrosion resistance, light weight, good processing performance and the like, so that the aluminum shell has the tendency of gradually replacing a steel shell; however, aluminum is mechanically weak and easily deformable, requiring more protection against impact than steel-shelled batteries, and in addition, the aluminum housing 1 of lithium batteries is often designed to be positively charged in order to prevent electrochemical corrosion of aluminum at low potentials. In combination with the above, the internal structure design and the preparation process of the steel-shell battery and the aluminum-shell battery 1 have great difference. The application provides a battery inner structure, including the connected mode between book core and the casing to and assembly method etc. are particularly useful for aluminium shell 1 battery.
Furthermore, a plurality of welding grooves 521 are formed in the collecting disc 52, and the welding grooves 521 sink from the end cover 51 to the roll core direction; the welding groove 521 is a fan-shaped structure, and the welding groove 521 is radially distributed around the second heat dissipation hole 523.
A reinforcing rib 524 protruding from the core toward the end cap 51 is formed between two adjacent welding grooves 521, and a plurality of electrolyte circulation holes 522 are formed in the reinforcing rib 524.
The bottom surface of the welding groove 521 close to the winding core is a welding area, and the positive electrode lug or the negative electrode lug is welded and fixed with the welding area of the welding groove 521 on the corresponding current collecting disc 52 after being crumpled.
In the invention, the tabs at the two ends of the winding core are welded and fixed with the current collecting disc 52 after being bent or crumpled, and the purpose is as follows: (1) Eliminating the gaps formed after the winding of the tabs so as to improve the conductive performance of the tabs; (2) The battery can also play a role in fixing the winding core, and the winding core can be prevented from displacement after the battery encounters severe collision, so that the safety performance of the battery is improved; (3) The tab is bent or crumpled and then welded with the current collecting disc 52, so that the welding area of the tab can be increased, and the rate performance of the battery is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the cap 51 is provided with a liquid inlet 2 and a safety valve.
An insulating support 511 is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the collecting disc 52, of the end cover 51, the insulating support 511 is used for separating the end cover 51 from the collecting disc 52, and the inner circumferential surface of the insulating support 511 is tightly attached to the outer circumferential surface of one end of the central tube 3.
The end cover assemblies 5 at the two ends of the aluminum shell 1 have the same structure.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for assembling a battery according to the above embodiment, the method comprising:
firstly, inserting a central tube 3 into a hollow cavity of a winding core; then the core is arranged in a shell, the lugs on the two sides of the core are respectively welded with the two end cover assemblies, and the openings on the two ends of the central tube 3 are respectively communicated with the outside through the heat dissipation channels of the two end cover assemblies; and finally, welding and fixing the end cover assembly and the open end of the shell, and injecting electrolyte into the shell to obtain the battery.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the assembling method includes the steps of:
(1) The positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate are stacked and then wound to form a winding core with a cavity, and the positive lug and the negative lug of the winding core are bent or kneaded to be flat to obtain a wound battery core;
(2) Placing the winding type battery cell into the aluminum shell 1, and inserting the central tube 3 into the cavity of the winding type battery cell; the lugs at the two ends of the winding type battery cell are respectively welded on the pole 4 of the end cover 51 through the corresponding current collecting disc 52, and the end cover 51 is folded and buckled on the current collecting disc 52 by bending the connecting piece 53;
(3) Welding the joint between the end cover 51, the aluminum shell 1 and the central tube 3 to seal the two ends of the aluminum shell 1, so that a closed annular cavity is formed among the aluminum shell 1, the end covers 51 at the two ends and the central tube 3, and a winding core is contained in the annular cavity;
(4) And injecting electrolyte into the annular cavity through the liquid injection port 2, and plugging the liquid injection port 2 to obtain the battery.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides an electric device comprising the battery provided in the above embodiment.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a coiling type electricity core, its characterized in that, coiling type electricity core is including rolling up core and center tube, roll up the core inside and have along length direction and run through roll up the cavity of core, the center tube set up in the cavity, the periphery parcel of center tube has elastic insulation layer.
2. The wound battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the winding core is formed by sequentially laminating a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate and then winding;
the surface of the positive plate is divided into a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, the surface of the negative plate is divided into a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, and the diaphragm covers the positive coating area and the negative coating area; after lamination, the anode empty foil area and the cathode empty foil area respectively extend out of two opposite side edges of the diaphragm; and after winding, the positive electrode empty foil area and the negative electrode empty foil area form a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab which are positioned at two ends of the winding core.
3. The winding type battery cell according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of protruding structures are arranged on the outer wall of the central tube, the wall of the central tube protrudes from inside to outside to form the protruding structures, and the protruding structures are in point contact with the inner circumferential surface of the winding core cavity;
the central tube is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy;
the length of center tube with roll up the core height the same, the both ends of center tube respectively with roll up the both ends parallel and level of core.
4. A battery is characterized in that the battery comprises an aluminum shell with two open ends and end cover assemblies respectively positioned at the open ends of the two ends of the aluminum shell, a winding type battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is arranged in the aluminum shell, and the two ends of the winding type battery cell are respectively and electrically connected with the corresponding end cover assemblies;
the end cover assembly is provided with a heat dissipation channel, and openings at two ends of the central tube are respectively communicated with the heat dissipation channels of the corresponding end covers, so that the inner cavity of the central tube is communicated with the outside through the heat dissipation channels at the end covers at the two ends.
5. The battery of claim 4, wherein the end cap assembly comprises an end cap and a current collecting disc, the current collecting disc is close to one end of the battery cell, the edge of the end cap is connected with the edge of the current collecting disc through a bendable connector, and the end cap and the current collecting disc are folded and buckled oppositely through bending the connector;
the end cover and the flow collecting disc are respectively provided with a first heat dissipation hole and a second heat dissipation hole, and the diameters of the first heat dissipation hole, the second heat dissipation hole and an opening at one end of the central pipe are the same; after the end cover and the collecting disc are buckled, the first radiating holes and the second radiating holes are overlapped to form the radiating channel, and an opening at one end of the central tube is communicated with the radiating channel;
the connecting piece is provided with a circular ring penetrating through the connecting piece, the diameter of the circular ring is positioned between the diameter of the aluminum shell and the diameter of the central pipe, and after the end cover and the current collecting disc are buckled with each other, the first heat dissipation hole, the circular ring and the second heat dissipation hole are sequentially overlapped from outside to inside;
the battery is characterized in that the end covers are provided with polar columns, and the positive electrode lug and the negative electrode lug of the battery cell are respectively and electrically connected with the polar columns on the corresponding end covers.
6. The battery of claim 5, wherein a plurality of welding grooves are formed in the current collecting disc, and the welding grooves sink from the end cover towards the battery core; the welding groove is of a fan-shaped structure and is radially distributed by taking the second heat dissipation hole as the center;
a reinforcing rib protruding from the battery cell to the end cover is formed between every two adjacent welding grooves, and a plurality of electrolyte circulation holes are formed in the reinforcing rib;
the bottom surface of the welding groove close to one side of the battery core is a welding area, and the positive electrode lug or the negative electrode lug is crumpled and then welded and fixed with the welding area of the welding groove on the corresponding current collecting disc.
7. The battery of claim 5, wherein the end cap is further provided with a liquid injection port and a safety valve;
an insulating support is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the current collecting disc, of the end cover, the insulating support is used for separating the end cover from the current collecting disc, and the inner circumferential surface of the insulating support is tightly attached to the outer circumferential surface of one end of the central pipe;
the end cover assemblies at the two ends of the aluminum shell have the same structure.
8. A method of assembling a battery as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7, the method comprising:
firstly, inserting a central tube into a hollow cavity of a winding core; then the core is arranged in a shell, the lugs on two sides of the core are respectively welded with the two end cover assemblies, and the openings on two ends of the central tube are respectively communicated with the outside through the heat dissipation channels of the two end cover assemblies; and finally, welding and fixing the end cover assembly and the open end of the shell, and injecting electrolyte into the shell to obtain the battery.
9. The assembly method according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) The positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate are stacked and then wound to form a winding core with a cavity, and the positive lug and the negative lug of the winding core are bent or kneaded to be flat to obtain a wound cell;
(2) Placing the winding type battery cell into an aluminum shell, and inserting a central tube into a cavity of the winding type battery cell; lugs at two ends of the winding type battery cell are welded on the poles of the end cover through corresponding current collecting discs respectively, and the end cover is folded and buckled on the current collecting discs through the bending connecting piece;
(3) Welding the joint parts among the end covers, the aluminum shell and the central tube to finish sealing two ends of the aluminum shell, so that a closed annular cavity is formed among the aluminum shell, the end covers at two ends and the central tube, and a winding core is contained in the annular cavity;
(4) And injecting electrolyte into the annular cavity through the liquid injection port, and plugging the liquid injection port to obtain the battery.
10. An electrically powered device, characterized in that the electrically powered device comprises a battery according to any of claims 4-7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211129316.1A CN115441088A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | Winding type battery cell, battery, assembly method of battery and electric device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211129316.1A CN115441088A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | Winding type battery cell, battery, assembly method of battery and electric device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115441088A true CN115441088A (en) | 2022-12-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211129316.1A Pending CN115441088A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | Winding type battery cell, battery, assembly method of battery and electric device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115441088A (en) |
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- 2022-09-16 CN CN202211129316.1A patent/CN115441088A/en active Pending
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