CN115436188A - Experimental device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法。The invention relates to a test device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of a power plant boiler on the mechanical properties of materials.
背景技术Background technique
电站锅炉本体部分主要由各类金属材料组成，特别是高温高压部件。亚临界锅炉低温部分主要使用低合金钢，如锰钢、低碳钢、15CrMo、12Cr1MoV 等，炉内高温部分则用到了高合金钢，如91、TP347等。随着国内超(超) 临界大容量、高参数机组的大量使用，高等级的金属材料如TP347HFG、super304、HR3C等也广泛得到了应用。The body part of the power plant boiler is mainly composed of various metal materials, especially high temperature and high pressure components. The low-temperature part of the subcritical boiler mainly uses low-alloy steel, such as manganese steel, low-carbon steel, 15CrMo, 12Cr1MoV, etc., and the high-temperature part of the furnace uses high-alloy steel, such as 91, TP347, etc. With the extensive use of domestic super (super) critical large-capacity and high-parameter units, high-grade metal materials such as TP347HFG, super304, HR3C, etc. have also been widely used.
为了降低电站锅炉的煤耗，最直接有效的方法就是使用高参数机组，也就必须使用耐高温的金属材料。如何保证电站锅炉金属材料的长期安全稳定运行是非常重要的课题，材料的力学性能是直接影响因素，温度和压力这两个是力学性能最重要的参数。In order to reduce the coal consumption of power plant boilers, the most direct and effective method is to use high-parameter units, which means that high-temperature-resistant metal materials must be used. How to ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of power plant boiler metal materials is a very important issue. The mechanical properties of materials are the direct influencing factors. Temperature and pressure are the two most important parameters of mechanical properties.
常规研究材料力学性能主要靠力学性能试验机、蠕变机等进行，用以检测金属材料常温力学性能、高温力学性能、长时力学性能等。而电站锅炉运行时，金属材料所承受的温度和压力这两个重要参数不是一成不变的，而是波动的，特别是随着机组调峰、深度调峰的影响，机组的温度和压力变化更大，所有用常规的力学性能测试得到的值也将与实际产生较大的偏差。Conventional research on the mechanical properties of materials is mainly carried out by mechanical property testing machines, creep machines, etc., which are used to test the mechanical properties of metal materials at room temperature, high temperature mechanical properties, and long-term mechanical properties. When the power plant boiler is in operation, the two important parameters of the temperature and pressure on the metal material are not static, but fluctuate, especially with the influence of unit peak regulation and deep peak regulation, the temperature and pressure of the unit change even more , all the values obtained by conventional mechanical property tests will also have large deviations from the actual ones.
因此，有必要发明一种电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法，来测试电站锅炉材料在变参数运行时的力学性能数据，用于指导电站锅炉材料的选用和更换。Therefore, it is necessary to invent a test device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials, to test the mechanical property data of power plant boiler materials during variable parameter operation, and to guide the selection and replacement of power plant boiler materials.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本专利要解决的技术问题是提供一种电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法。该方法以蠕变试验机为基础，针对选定测试部件，采集实际运行工况参数(主要采集的数据为温度和压力)，将该数据作为实验的参数，用计算机对蠕变试验机温度和拉力精准控制，进行变参数蠕变性能测试，通过进行多个时间段的测试，将测试结果与常规蠕变试验参数进行对比，得到屈服强度比和抗拉强度比，建立对比曲线，评估该部件变参数运行的影响程度，指导材料的使用与更换。The technical problem to be solved in this patent is to provide a test device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials. This method is based on the creep testing machine, and for the selected test parts, collects the actual operating condition parameters (the main data collected are temperature and pressure), takes the data as the experimental parameters, and uses the computer to calculate the temperature and pressure of the creep testing machine. Tensile force is precisely controlled, and creep performance tests with variable parameters are carried out. Through multiple time-period tests, the test results are compared with conventional creep test parameters to obtain the yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio, and establish a comparison curve to evaluate the component. The degree of influence of variable parameter operation guides the use and replacement of materials.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置，包括试验机，该试验机包括母夹头以及多个子夹头，子夹头可单独控制，计算机控制采用多通道技术，每一个通道可单独控制一个子夹头，每个试验装置可以挂多个试样进行试验，减少不同试验机之间的差别对结果造成的影响；In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a test device for the influence of the actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials, including a testing machine. The testing machine includes a female chuck and a plurality of sub-chucks. Using multi-channel technology, each channel can independently control a sub-clamp, and each test device can hang multiple samples for testing, reducing the impact of differences between different testing machines on the results;
还包括测试系统，该测试系统同时具备读取MIS温度、压力参数功能，压力参数与设计压力对比计算试验拉力功能，变参数控温功能，变参数控拉力功能等。It also includes a test system, which has the functions of reading MIS temperature and pressure parameters, comparing pressure parameters with design pressure to calculate test tension, variable parameter temperature control, variable parameter control tension, etc.
电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的测试方法，包括以下步骤：The test method for the influence of the actual working conditions of the utility boiler on the mechanical properties of the material includes the following steps:
S1、根据需要，选定特定机组，如长期参加调峰、运行负荷波动大、非停情况多、原因不易找的机组等，选定特定部件，如易泄露部件、老化严重部件、受吹损部件等进行试验；S1. According to the needs, select a specific unit, such as a unit that has participated in peak regulation for a long time, has a large fluctuation in operating load, has many non-stop situations, and the reason is not easy to find, etc., and select specific components, such as parts that are easy to leak, parts that are seriously aged, and those that are damaged by blowing Parts, etc. are tested;
S2、选取参加运行的试样和备品备件，按照标准要求加工试样；根据实际运行情况，按照试验时间长短；S2. Select the samples and spare parts participating in the operation, and process the samples according to the standard requirements; according to the actual operation conditions, according to the length of the test;
S3、备品备件的试验温度为设计温度，试验拉力a为设计温度下材料的持久强度；S3. The test temperature of spare parts is the design temperature, and the test tension a is the durable strength of the material at the design temperature;
S4、运行试样的试验参数：将MIS系统中的温度参数直接由计算机读取，通过温度传感器控制试验温度；S4. The test parameters of the running sample: the temperature parameters in the MIS system are directly read by the computer, and the test temperature is controlled by the temperature sensor;
S5、试验参数的调取可以根据试验时间节点选择，也可选择个别时段进行循环调整；S5. The retrieval of test parameters can be selected according to the test time node, or individual time periods can be selected for cyclic adjustment;
S6、试验结束后，对试样做高温拉伸试验，温度选择为设计温度，得到每个试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度；S6, after the test finishes, do high temperature tensile test to sample, temperature selection is design temperature, obtains yield strength and tensile strength of each sample;
S7、将每个时间点运行试样结果与备品备件试样结果进行对比，计算出屈服强度比和抗拉强度比，建立对比曲线；S7. Comparing the results of the running samples at each time point with the results of the spare parts samples, calculating the yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio, and establishing a comparison curve;
S8、将屈服强度比和抗拉强度比作为变工况运行对金属材料力学性能的影响因子；S8, the yield strength ratio and the tensile strength ratio are used as the factors affecting the mechanical properties of metal materials during variable working conditions;
S9、试验数据选择有参考价值的，对离散比较大的数据进行舍弃，剩下的同一时间节点的数据取算数平均值。S9. Select the test data that has reference value, discard the data with relatively large dispersion, and take the arithmetic mean value of the remaining data at the same time node.
优选的，所述步骤S1中选取MIS系统中具有代表性的运行时段，调取温度和压力参数下载。Preferably, in the step S1, a representative operating period in the MIS system is selected, and the temperature and pressure parameters are downloaded.
优选的，所述步骤S2中每个时间节点加工5个试样；时间点的选取分别选720h和2160h，分别对应1个月和3个月。Preferably, 5 samples are processed at each time node in the step S2; the time points are selected at 720h and 2160h, corresponding to 1 month and 3 months respectively.
优选的，所述步骤S4中压力参数与设计压力进行对比得到对比系数μ，试验拉力a1为：a1＝μa。Preferably, in the step S4, the pressure parameter is compared with the design pressure to obtain a contrast coefficient μ, and the test tension a1 is: a1=μa.
与相关技术相比较，本发明提供的电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法具有如下有益效果：Compared with related technologies, the test device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法，该方法适用电站锅炉所有金属部件的力学性能测试，也适用于电站其他承受高温、高压部件；该方法采集实际运行参数，与实际工况符合程度高，具有很高的实用性；试验装置在原蠕变机基础上增加计算机控制系统，通过装置改造即可完成，节省费用；可通过该试验方法，大致确定当前发电机组深度调峰对设备的影响；所设计的夹头通过一台试验机挂多个试样，可使这些试样受到的温度是一样的，拉力可单独控制、也可同时控制，减少试验机的差别因素造成的试验误差，使得到的试验结果准确性、可比性均大大提高。The invention provides a test device and method for the influence of the actual working conditions of a power station boiler on the mechanical properties of materials. The method is suitable for testing the mechanical properties of all metal parts of the power station boiler, and is also suitable for other parts of the power station that are subjected to high temperature and high pressure. The method collects actual operating parameters, It is highly consistent with the actual working conditions and has high practicability; the test device adds a computer control system on the basis of the original creep machine, which can be completed through device modification and saves costs; the test method can be used to roughly determine the depth of the current generator set The impact of peak regulation on the equipment; the designed chuck hangs multiple samples through one testing machine, so that the temperature of these samples can be the same, and the pulling force can be controlled separately or at the same time, reducing the difference between testing machines The experimental error caused by factors greatly improves the accuracy and comparability of the obtained test results.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法的一种较佳实施例的方法流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the test device and method for the influence of the actual working conditions of the utility boiler on the mechanical properties of materials provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
请结合参阅图1，其中，图1为本发明提供的电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法的一种较佳实施例的方法流程示意图。Please refer to FIG. 1 in combination, wherein FIG. 1 is a method flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the test device and method for the influence of actual operating conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials provided by the present invention.
实施例一Embodiment one
电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置，包括试验机，该试验机包括母夹头以及多个子夹头，子夹头可单独控制，计算机控制采用多通道技术，每一个通道可单独控制一个子夹头。每个试验装置可以挂多个试样进行试验，减少不同试验机之间的差别对结果造成的影响；The test device for the influence of the actual working conditions of the power plant boiler on the mechanical properties of the material, including the testing machine, which includes a mother chuck and multiple sub-chucks, the sub-chucks can be controlled independently, and the computer control adopts multi-channel technology, and each channel can be independently controlled. Controls a sub-chuck. Each test device can hang multiple samples for testing, reducing the impact of differences between different testing machines on the results;
还包括测试系统，该测试系统同时具备读取MIS温度、压力参数功能，压力参数与设计压力对比计算试验拉力功能，变参数控温功能，变参数控拉力功能等，用该种方法不用增加任何硬件费用，只需设计一个小的控制软件即可。It also includes the test system, which has the functions of reading MIS temperature and pressure parameters, comparing the pressure parameters with the design pressure to calculate the test tension, variable parameter temperature control function, variable parameter control tension function, etc., using this method does not need to add any Hardware costs, only need to design a small control software.
电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置的方法，包括以下步骤：The method of the test device for the influence of the actual operating conditions of the utility boiler on the mechanical properties of the material includes the following steps:
1、根据需要，选定特定机组，如长期参加调峰、运行负荷波动大、非停情况多、原因不易找的机组等，选定特定部件，如易泄露部件、老化严重部件、受吹损部件等进行试验；选取MIS系统中具有代表性的运行时段，调取温度和压力参数下载；1. According to the needs, select specific units, such as units that participate in peak shaving for a long time, have large fluctuations in operating load, many non-stop situations, and the reasons are difficult to find, etc., and select specific components, such as parts that are easy to leak, parts that are seriously aged, and those that are damaged by blowing Parts, etc. are tested; select a representative operating period in the MIS system, and download the temperature and pressure parameters;
2、选取参加运行的试样和备品备件，按照标准要求加工试样；根据实际运行情况，按照试验时间长短，每个时间节点加工5个试样；时间点的选取分别选720h和2160h，分别对应1个月和3个月；2. Select the samples and spare parts participating in the operation, and process the samples according to the standard requirements; according to the actual operation conditions, according to the length of the test, process 5 samples at each time node; the selection of time points is respectively 720h and 2160h, respectively Corresponding to 1 month and 3 months;
3、备品备件的试验温度为设计温度，试验拉力a为设计温度下材料的持久强度；3. The test temperature of spare parts is the design temperature, and the test tension a is the durable strength of the material at the design temperature;
4、运行试样的试验参数：将MIS系统中的温度参数直接由计算机读取，通过温度传感器控制试验温度；压力参数与设计压力进行对比得到对比系数μ，试验拉力a1为：4. Test parameters of the running sample: read the temperature parameters in the MIS system directly from the computer, and control the test temperature through the temperature sensor; compare the pressure parameters with the design pressure to obtain the contrast coefficient μ, and the test tension a1 is:
a1＝μaa1=μa
5、试验参数的调取可以根据试验时间节点选择，也可选择个别时段进行循环调整；5. The retrieval of test parameters can be selected according to the test time node, or individual time periods can be selected for cyclic adjustment;
6、试验结束后，对试样做高温拉伸试验，温度选择为设计温度，得到每个试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度；6. After the test is over, do a high-temperature tensile test on the sample, and select the temperature as the design temperature to obtain the yield strength and tensile strength of each sample;
7、将每个时间点运行试样结果与备品备件试样结果进行对比，计算出屈服强度比和抗拉强度比，建立对比曲线；7. Compare the results of the running samples at each time point with the results of the spare parts samples, calculate the yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio, and establish a comparison curve;
8、将屈服强度比和抗拉强度比作为变工况运行对金属材料力学性能的影响因子；8. The yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio are used as the factors affecting the mechanical properties of metal materials under variable operating conditions;
9、试验数据选择有参考价值的，对离散比较大的数据进行舍弃，剩下的同一时间节点的数据取算数平均值。9. Select the test data that has reference value, discard the data with relatively large dispersion, and take the arithmetic mean value of the remaining data at the same time node.
实施例二Embodiment two
电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置，包括试验机，该试验机包括母夹头以及多个子夹头，子夹头可单独控制，计算机控制采用多通道技术，每一个通道可单独控制一个子夹头。每个试验装置可以挂多个试样进行试验，减少不同试验机之间的差别对结果造成的影响；The test device for the influence of the actual working conditions of the power plant boiler on the mechanical properties of the material, including the testing machine, which includes a mother chuck and multiple sub-chucks, the sub-chucks can be controlled independently, and the computer control adopts multi-channel technology, and each channel can be independently controlled. Controls a sub-chuck. Each test device can hang multiple samples for testing, reducing the impact of differences between different testing machines on the results;
还包括测试系统，该测试系统同时具备读取MIS温度、压力参数功能，压力参数与设计压力对比计算试验拉力功能，变参数控温功能，变参数控拉力功能等，用该种方法不用增加任何硬件费用，只需设计一个小的控制软件即可。It also includes the test system, which has the functions of reading MIS temperature and pressure parameters, comparing the pressure parameters with the design pressure to calculate the test tension, variable parameter temperature control function, variable parameter control tension function, etc., using this method does not need to add any Hardware costs, only need to design a small control software.
电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置的方法，包括以下步骤：The method of the test device for the influence of the actual operating conditions of the utility boiler on the mechanical properties of the material includes the following steps:
1、根据需要，选定特定机组，如长期参加调峰、运行负荷波动大、非停情况多、原因不易找的机组等，选定特定部件，如易泄露部件、老化严重部件、受吹损部件等进行试验；选取MIS系统中具有代表性的运行时段，调取温度和压力参数下载；1. According to the needs, select specific units, such as units that participate in peak shaving for a long time, have large fluctuations in operating load, many non-stop situations, and the reasons are difficult to find, etc., and select specific components, such as parts that are easy to leak, parts that are seriously aged, and those that are damaged by blowing Parts, etc. are tested; select a representative operating period in the MIS system, and download the temperature and pressure parameters;
2、选取参加运行的试样和备品备件，按照标准要求加工试样；根据实际运行情况，按照试验时间长短，每个时间节点加工5个试样；时间点的选取分别选4320h和8640h，分别对应半年和一年；2. Select the samples and spare parts participating in the operation, and process the samples according to the standard requirements; according to the actual operation situation, according to the length of the test time, process 5 samples at each time node; the selection of time points is respectively 4320h and 8640h, respectively Corresponding to half a year and one year;
3、备品备件的试验温度为设计温度，试验拉力a为设计温度下材料的持久强度；3. The test temperature of spare parts is the design temperature, and the test tension a is the durable strength of the material at the design temperature;
4、运行试样的试验参数：将MIS系统中的温度参数直接由计算机读取，通过温度传感器控制试验温度；压力参数与设计压力进行对比得到对比系数μ，试验拉力a1为：4. Test parameters of the running sample: read the temperature parameters in the MIS system directly from the computer, and control the test temperature through the temperature sensor; compare the pressure parameters with the design pressure to obtain the contrast coefficient μ, and the test tension a1 is:
a1＝μaa1=μa
5、试验参数的调取可以根据试验时间节点选择，也可选择个别时段进行循环调整；5. The retrieval of test parameters can be selected according to the test time node, or individual time periods can be selected for cyclic adjustment;
6、试验结束后，对试样做高温拉伸试验，温度选择为设计温度，得到每个试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度；6. After the test is over, do a high-temperature tensile test on the sample, and select the temperature as the design temperature to obtain the yield strength and tensile strength of each sample;
7、将每个时间点运行试样结果与备品备件试样结果进行对比，计算出屈服强度比和抗拉强度比，建立对比曲线；7. Compare the results of the running samples at each time point with the results of the spare parts samples, calculate the yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio, and establish a comparison curve;
8、将屈服强度比和抗拉强度比作为变工况运行对金属材料力学性能的影响因子；8. The yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio are used as the factors affecting the mechanical properties of metal materials under variable operating conditions;
9、试验数据选择有参考价值的，对离散比较大的数据进行舍弃，剩下的同一时间节点的数据取算数平均值。9. Select the test data that has reference value, discard the data with relatively large dispersion, and take the arithmetic mean value of the remaining data at the same time node.
本发明提供的电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法的工作原理如下：The operating principle of the test device and method of the influence of the actual operating conditions of the utility boiler on the mechanical properties of the material provided by the invention is as follows:
该方法适用电站锅炉所有金属部件的力学性能测试，也适用于电站其他承受高温、高压部件；This method is applicable to the mechanical performance test of all metal parts of power plant boilers, and is also applicable to other parts of power plants that are subjected to high temperature and high pressure;
该方法采集实际运行参数，与实际工况符合程度高，具有很高的实用性；This method collects actual operating parameters, which is highly consistent with the actual working conditions and has high practicability;
试验装置在原蠕变机基础上增加计算机控制系统，通过装置改造即可完成，节省费用；The test device adds a computer control system on the basis of the original creep machine, which can be completed through device modification, saving costs;
可通过该试验方法，大致确定当前发电机组深度调峰对设备的影响；This test method can be used to roughly determine the impact of the current deep peak shaving of the generating set on the equipment;
所设计的夹头通过一台试验机挂多个试样，可使这些试样受到的温度是一样的，拉力可单独控制、也可同时控制，减少试验机的差别因素造成的试验误差，使得到的试验结果准确性、可比性均大大提高。The designed chuck hangs multiple samples through one testing machine, so that these samples can be subjected to the same temperature, and the pulling force can be controlled separately or at the same time, reducing the test error caused by the different factors of the testing machine, so that The accuracy and comparability of the test results are greatly improved.
1、选定机组，选定特定部件，选择试验时间。1. Select the unit, select specific components, and select the test time.
2、按试验标准加工试样。2. Process the sample according to the test standard.
3、采集该机组运行工况，将温度参数导入试验装置的计算机中，将压力参数对比常规试验参数，转换为拉力参数导入试验装置的计算机。3. Collect the operating conditions of the unit, import the temperature parameters into the computer of the test device, compare the pressure parameters with the conventional test parameters, and convert them into tension parameters and import them into the computer of the test device.
4、将加工好的试样装到试验装置中。4. Put the processed sample into the test device.
5、开始试验。5. Start the experiment.
6、蠕变试验结束后，将所有试样进行高温拉伸试验，得到每个试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度。6. After the creep test is over, all samples are subjected to a high temperature tensile test to obtain the yield strength and tensile strength of each sample.
7、将每个时间点运行试样结果与备品备件试样结果进行对比，计算出屈服强度比和抗拉强度比，建立对比曲线。7. Compare the results of running samples at each time point with the results of spare parts samples, calculate the yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio, and establish a comparison curve.
8、将屈服强度比和抗拉强度比作为变工况运行对金属材料力学性能的影响因子。8. The yield strength ratio and tensile strength ratio are used as the factors affecting the mechanical properties of metal materials under variable operating conditions.
9、试验结束。9. The test is over.
与相关技术相比较，本发明提供的电站锅炉实际工况对材料力学性能影响的试验装置及方法具有如下有益效果：Compared with related technologies, the test device and method for the influence of actual working conditions of power plant boilers on the mechanical properties of materials provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
该方法适用电站锅炉所有金属部件的力学性能测试，也适用于电站其他承受高温、高压部件；This method is applicable to the mechanical performance test of all metal parts of power plant boilers, and is also applicable to other parts of power plants that are subjected to high temperature and high pressure;
该方法采集实际运行参数，与实际工况符合程度高，具有很高的实用性；This method collects actual operating parameters, which is highly consistent with the actual working conditions and has high practicability;
试验装置在原蠕变机基础上增加计算机控制系统，通过装置改造即可完成，节省费用；The test device adds a computer control system on the basis of the original creep machine, which can be completed through device modification, saving costs;
可通过该试验方法，大致确定当前发电机组深度调峰对设备的影响；This test method can be used to roughly determine the impact of the current deep peak shaving of the generating set on the equipment;
所设计的夹头通过一台试验机挂多个试样，可使这些试样受到的温度是一样的，拉力可单独控制、也可同时控制，减少试验机的差别因素造成的试验误差，使得到的试验结果准确性、可比性均大大提高。The designed chuck hangs multiple samples through one testing machine, so that these samples can be subjected to the same temperature, and the pulling force can be controlled separately or at the same time, reducing the test error caused by the different factors of the testing machine, so that The accuracy and comparability of the test results are greatly improved.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technologies fields, all of which are equally included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
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| CN209215127U (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-08-06 | 南京工业大学 | High-throughput multi-connected compression creep test device |
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