CN115436044B - On-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method and device and electronic equipment - Google Patents
On-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method and device and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method, a device and an electronic device for diagnosing mechanical faults of an on-load tap-changer are provided, wherein the method comprises the steps of collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed; extracting time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals through short-time Fourier transformation; calculating the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristics of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, wherein different characteristic diagnosis sequences correspondingly represent different on-load tap-changer states; and analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree. According to the invention, the dynamic time warping algorithm is adopted to calculate the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer and different characteristic diagnosis sequences in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, the vibration signals to be diagnosed and the vibration signals in the mechanical fault diagnosis library can be subjected to local most similar matching in a dynamic matching mode, the fault type diagnosis accuracy is higher, and the fault degree can be analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis of transformer equipment, in particular to a method and a device for diagnosing mechanical faults of an on-load tap-changer and electronic equipment.
Background
In the prior art, an on-load tap changer is used as voltage regulating equipment commonly used for a power transformer, and plays important roles of stabilizing the voltage of a load center, regulating reactive power flow and the like in a power system. Due to frequent switching and complex operating conditions, on-load tap-changers are increasingly becoming one of the highest fault rate components in transformers, wherein mechanical faults are the main fault type of on-load tap-changers. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of the mechanical faults of the on-load tap-changer is significant for the safe and stable operation of the power system. According to the switching principle of the on-load tap-changer, the switching process is that a plurality of pairs of contacts are sequentially operated and separated under the drive of an energy storage spring, and a vibration signal generated in the process contains a large amount of information related to the state of the on-load tap-changer, so that the fault diagnosis of the on-load tap-changer is realized through vibration signal analysis, and the method is widely applied and feasible at present.
However, the existing on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method has two defects. Firstly, as described above, the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer is generated by the sequential actions of the pairs of contacts, which has obvious time sequence, but the prior method does not take this characteristic into consideration, and reduces the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Secondly, the existing fault diagnosis methods can only realize the identification of fault types, and cannot effectively characterize the severity of faults. Therefore, there is a need to provide a new on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method to solve the problems of insufficient accuracy in identifying the fault type and failure to characterize the severity of the fault in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mechanical fault diagnosis method, a device and electronic equipment for an on-load tap-changer, which have higher accuracy and effectively represent the severity of faults.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mechanical fault diagnosis method for an on-load tap-changer, including:
Collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed;
Extracting the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals through short-time Fourier transformation;
calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, wherein different characteristic diagnosis sequences correspondingly represent different on-load tap-changer states;
And analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree.
In one embodiment, the extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal through short-time fourier transform includes:
taking 10% -20% of the length of the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed as a window length, taking 20% -30% of the window length as a step length, and intercepting the vibration signal according to a preset window function of short-time Fourier transform;
Dividing the frequency band of each window signal of the intercepted vibration signal into three frequency bands of low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency, and calculating the signal energy in each frequency band;
According to the calculated signal energy in each frequency band, the ith window signal of the vibration signal is represented by E i＝[Ei Low frequency ,Ei Intermediate frequency ,Ei High frequency , and the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal is represented by an energy matrix with the number of lines equal to the total window number and the number of columns equal to three.
In one embodiment, in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, each feature diagnosis sequence is obtained by calculating a center of gravity sequence of a time-frequency feature sequence of a plurality of vibration signal samples of a corresponding on-load tap-changer state by using a dynamic time warping algorithm, and the calculating, by using the dynamic time warping algorithm, a degree of difference between the time-frequency feature of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each feature diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library includes:
For any one of the feature diagnosis sequences in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, calculating the Euclidean distance between any two elements in the feature diagnosis sequence C= { C 1,c2,…,ci,…,cm } and the feature sequence Y= { Y 1,y2,…,yj,…,yn } of the time-frequency feature of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed to obtain a distance matrix d,
Wherein m represents the window number of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C, n represents the window number of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, d (i, j) represents the distance between an ith window signal C i of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a jth window signal Y j of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed,
Based on the calculated distance matrix d, a cumulative distance matrix W is calculated, wherein any element W (i, j) in the cumulative distance matrix W is found by the following formula:
W(i,j)＝d(i,j)+min(W(i-1,j-1)，W(i,j-1),W(i-1,j))；
Obtaining a difference degree DTW (C, Y) between the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix W:
DTW(C,Y)＝W(m,n)。
In one embodiment, before calculating the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library by using a dynamic time warping algorithm, the method further includes:
Measuring vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer when the on-load tap-changer is switched in each state for multiple times respectively to obtain a plurality of vibration signal samples corresponding to the on-load tap-changer in each state;
Extracting the vibration signal samples corresponding to each state of the on-load tap-changer through short-time Fourier transform to obtain time-frequency characteristic sequences corresponding to the vibration signal samples in each state of the on-load tap-changer;
calculating the time-frequency characteristic sequences under each state of the on-load tap-changer through a dynamic time warping algorithm to obtain a gravity center sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequences under each state of the on-load tap-changer;
and associating each calculated gravity center sequence as a characteristic diagnosis sequence with a corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and establishing a mechanical fault diagnosis library of the on-load tap-changer.
In one embodiment, the time-frequency characteristic sequences of the plurality of vibration signal samples representing the same on-load tap-changer state together form a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and for any on-load tap-changer state, there is a corresponding vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set, and the time-frequency characteristic sequences in each state of the on-load tap-changer are calculated by a dynamic time warping algorithm to obtain a center-of-gravity sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequences in each state of the on-load tap-changer, including:
for a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set in any state of the on-load tap-changer, arbitrarily selecting one time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set as an initial gravity center sequence;
calculating a regular path sequence between the gravity center sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set by using a dynamic time-warping algorithm;
Forming a regular path sequence set by using each obtained regular path sequence, wherein the regular path sequences in the regular path sequence set are in one-to-one correspondence with time-frequency characteristic sequences in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set;
Calculating a new barycenter sequence from the set of regular path sequences, any element in the new barycenter sequence being calculated by the formula:
Wherein C ' t represents the t-th element of the new barycenter sequence C ', S ' it represents the t-th matched element with the barycenter sequence C in the i-th regular path sequence S ' i of the regular path sequence set S ', N represents the total number of regular path sequences in S ', and α represents the total number of t-th matched elements with the barycenter sequence C in all N regular path sequences of the regular path sequence set S ';
And taking the new barycenter sequence as the new barycenter sequence, and performing iterative calculation until the difference value of the obtained sum of the difference between the new barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set is not more than a preset proportion compared with the sum of the difference between the new barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the last iteration. The ratio is generally preset to 5% -10%.
In one embodiment, the calculating, by using a dynamic time warping algorithm, a sequence of a normalized path between the center of gravity sequence and each time-frequency feature sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency feature set includes:
for any time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set, calculating Euclidean distance between any two elements in the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the gravity center sequence to obtain a distance matrix;
calculating an accumulated distance matrix based on the calculated distance matrix;
And acquiring the normalization path sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the gravity center sequence according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix.
In one embodiment, the analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree includes:
Determining the state of the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the characteristic diagnosis sequence with the minimum time-frequency characteristic difference degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed as the current state of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed;
and determining the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the characteristic diagnosis sequence representing the normal state of the on-load tap-changer.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a mechanical fault diagnosis device of the on-load tap-changer, comprising:
the vibration signal collection module is used for collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed;
The time-frequency characteristic extraction module is used for extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal through short-time Fourier transformation;
The difference degree calculation module is used for calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, and different on-load tap-changer states are correspondingly represented by different characteristic diagnosis sequences;
And the switch fault analysis module is used for analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the mechanical fault diagnosis method of the on-load tap changer when executing the computer program.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the on-load tap-changer mechanical failure diagnosis method as described in any one of the above.
According to the on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method, the on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis device and the electronic equipment, the gravity center sequence corresponding to the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer, which is calculated by adopting the dynamic time warping algorithm, is used as the characteristic diagnosis sequence in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, the time sequence of the vibration signal when the on-load tap-changer is switched is taken into consideration, the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer is calculated by adopting the dynamic time warping algorithm, and the difference degree between the characteristic diagnosis sequences of the vibration signals representing different on-load tap-changer states in the mechanical fault diagnosis library can be calculated, so that the vibration signals can be subjected to local most similar matching in a dynamic matching mode, and the accuracy of the difference degree calculation is improved; calculating a gravity center sequence corresponding to a vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer switched in each state by adopting a dynamic time-structured gravity center average algorithm, and taking the gravity center sequence as a time-frequency characteristic parameter of final diagnosis, thereby avoiding the influence of random error of single sample measurement and improving the accuracy of a fault diagnosis sample sequence; and on the basis of the fault type diagnosis of the on-load tap-changer, the severity of the fault can be analyzed through the quantitative index of the difference degree, and more fault information can be provided.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing vibration signals of an on-load tap-changer in a normal state according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a mechanical fault diagnosis method for an on-load tap-changer according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a time-frequency energy characteristic of vibration signals of an on-load tap-changer in a normal state according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a time-frequency energy characteristic diagram of a vibration signal of an on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed extracted by short-time Fourier transform according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a mechanical fault diagnosis apparatus for an on-load tap-changer according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clearly apparent, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a mechanical fault diagnosis method for an on-load tap-changer, wherein vibration signals of the switching process of the on-load tap-changer in a normal state are shown in figure 1, and as can be known, a plurality of vibration peaks which are sequentially arranged exist in the vibration signals corresponding to the switching principle of the on-load tap-changer. Based on this, as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the on-load tap-changer mechanical failure diagnosis method includes the steps of:
S1: and collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed.
Specifically, in the actual operation process, the on-load tap-changer includes a normal state and a mechanical failure state, and the mechanical failure of the on-load tap-changer includes, but is not limited to: typical mechanical faults such as loose contact, contact wear and insufficient spring energy storage are caused, when the on-load tap-changer is in different fault states, vibration signals in the switching process are different, and when the vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer are measured, a measuring sensor is preferably arranged at the top flange position of the on-load tap-changer so as to avoid the influence on vibration signal measurement caused by the difference of the installation positions of the on-load tap-changer in a transformer oil tank.
S2: and extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal through short-time Fourier transformation.
In this embodiment, extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal through the short-time fourier transform specifically includes taking 10% -20% of the length of the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed as a window length, taking 20% -30% of the window length as a step length, intercepting the vibration signal according to the short-time fourier transform, then dividing the frequency band of each intercepted vibration signal into three frequency bands of low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency as shown in fig. 3, calculating the signal energy size in each frequency band, and then, according to the calculated signal energy size in each frequency band, characterizing the i-th window signal of the vibration signal by using E i＝[Ei Low frequency ,Ei Intermediate frequency ,Ei High frequency ], and characterizing the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal by using an energy matrix P with a line number equal to the total window number and a line number equal to three lines:
Where T represents the total window number of the vibration signal, E T, Low frequency represents the low-frequency band signal energy of the T-th window signal, E T, Intermediate frequency represents the intermediate-frequency band signal energy of the T-th window signal, and E T, High frequency represents the high-frequency band signal energy of the T-th window signal.
In this embodiment, the time-dependent distribution of the frequency of the vibration signal is obtained by using short-time fourier transform, and the time-dependent variation of the energy of the distribution feature in different frequency bands is calculated, so as to implement the compression of feature dimensions, the time-frequency feature of the vibration signal sample is represented by the time-frequency energy feature, the time-frequency energy feature of the vibration signal in the normal working state of the on-load tap-changer is shown in fig. 3, and the time-frequency energy feature of the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed is shown in fig. 4.
S3: and calculating the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristics of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, wherein different characteristic diagnosis sequences correspondingly represent different on-load tap-changer states.
In this embodiment, in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, each feature diagnosis sequence is obtained by calculating a plurality of vibration signal samples of the corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and the center of gravity sequence of the time-frequency feature sequence of the plurality of vibration signal samples is calculated by using a dynamic time warping algorithm.
Specifically, before calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, the method further comprises the step of establishing the mechanical fault diagnosis library of the on-load tap-changer.
Firstly, vibration signals when the on-load tap-changer is switched in each state are respectively measured for a plurality of times, so as to obtain a plurality of vibration signal samples corresponding to each state of the on-load tap-changer. In this embodiment, the on-load tap-changer states include four states of normal state, contact loosening, contact wear, and insufficient spring energy storage, and correspondingly, the on-load tap-changer states are measured for multiple times respectively to obtain a plurality of vibration signal samples of the four states of normal state, contact loosening, contact wear, and insufficient spring energy storage. By measuring vibration signals of the same on-load tap-changer state for multiple times, random factors existing in single measurement can be avoided, and the influence on subsequent diagnosis is avoided.
And then, respectively extracting a plurality of vibration signal samples corresponding to each state of the on-load tap-changer through short-time Fourier transform to obtain time-frequency characteristic sequences corresponding to the vibration signal samples in each state of the on-load tap-changer, and jointly forming the time-frequency characteristic sequences of the vibration signal samples representing the same on-load tap-changer state into a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the corresponding on-load tap-changer state. In this embodiment, for the extraction of time-frequency characteristics of a plurality of vibration signal samples, as with the extraction of time-frequency characteristics of an on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signal are extracted by short-time fourier transform, the frequency band of each intercepted vibration signal is divided into three frequency bands of low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency, the signal energy magnitude in each frequency band is calculated, and then, according to the calculated signal energy magnitude in each frequency band, the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signal are represented by an energy matrix with a number of rows equal to the total window number and a number of columns equal to three columns (low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency).
And calculating the time-frequency characteristic sequences under each state of the on-load tap-changer through a dynamic time warping algorithm to obtain a gravity center sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequences under each state of the on-load tap-changer.
Specifically, the time-frequency characteristic sequences of the plurality of vibration signal samples representing the same on-load tap-changer state jointly form a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set corresponds to any on-load tap-changer state.
The time-frequency characteristic sequences of the on-load tap-changer in the four states of normal state, loose contact, contact wear and insufficient spring energy storage are calculated through a dynamic time warping algorithm respectively to obtain a gravity center sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequences in the states of the on-load tap-changer, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
First, for the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set s= { S 1,S2,…,Si,…,SN } in any state of the on-load tap-changer, N is the total number of time-frequency characteristic sequences in S, and one of the time-frequency characteristic sequences S i＝{si1,si2,…,sik,…,siT } is arbitrarily selected as the initial center of gravity sequence c= { C 1,c2,…,ct,…,cT }. The extraction method based on the time-frequency characteristics of the plurality of vibration signal samples is known as E ik＝[Eik Low frequency ,Eik Intermediate frequency ,Eik High frequency for any one element S ik in S i.
And then, calculating a regular path sequence S' i＝{s'i1,s'i2,…,s'ik,…,s'iT between the gravity center sequence C and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set S by using a dynamic time-warping algorithm.
Then, each obtained regular path sequence S ' i is utilized to form a regular path sequence set S ' = { S ' 1,S'2,…,S'i,…,S'N }, and the regular path sequences S ' i in the regular path sequence set S ' are in one-to-one correspondence with the time-frequency characteristic sequences S i in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set S;
then, a new barycenter sequence C '= { C' 1,c'2,…,c't,…,c'T }, is calculated from the resulting set of regular path sequences S ', any element in the new barycenter sequence C' being calculated by the following formula:
Wherein C ' t represents the t-th element of the new barycenter sequence C ', S ' it represents the t-th matched element with the barycenter sequence C in the i-th regular path sequence S ' i of the regular path sequence set S ', N represents the total number of regular path sequences in S ', and α represents the total number of t-th matched elements with the barycenter sequence C in all N regular path sequences of the regular path sequence set S ';
And taking the new barycenter sequence C 'as the new barycenter sequence C, and performing iterative calculation until the difference between the obtained new barycenter sequence C' and each time-frequency characteristic sequence S i in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set S is not more than 5% compared with the difference between the new barycenter sequence of the last iteration and each time-frequency characteristic sequence S i in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set S.
And finally, associating each calculated gravity center sequence as a characteristic diagnosis sequence with the corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and establishing a mechanical fault diagnosis library of the on-load tap-changer.
In this embodiment, a dynamic time warping algorithm is used to calculate a normalized path sequence S' i＝{s'i1,s'i2,…,s'iT between the barycenter sequence C and each time-frequency characteristic sequence S i in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set S, including:
For any one time-frequency characteristic sequence S i in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set, the Euclidean distance between any two elements in the time-frequency characteristic sequence S i＝{si1,si2,…,sik,…,siT and the gravity center sequence C= { C 1,c2,…,ct,…,cT } is calculated to obtain a distance matrix D,
Where D (k, t) represents the distance between the kth window signal S ik of the signature sequence S i and the t window signal C t of the initial center of gravity sequence C.
Based on the calculated distance matrix D, a cumulative distance matrix W ' is calculated, wherein any element W ' (k, t) in the cumulative distance matrix W ' is found by the following formula:
W′(k,t)＝D(k,t)+min(W′(k-1,t-1)，W′(k,t-1)，W′(k-1,t))；
And acquiring the difference dtw between the regular path sequence S 'i and the time-frequency characteristic sequence S i and the gravity center sequence C according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix W' (S i, C).
In this embodiment, calculating, by a dynamic time warping algorithm, a degree of difference between a time-frequency characteristic of an on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library includes:
For any one of the feature diagnosis sequences in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, calculating the Euclidean distance between any two elements in the feature diagnosis sequence C= { C 1,c2,…,ci,…,cm } and the feature sequence Y= { Y 1,y2,…,yj,…,yn } of the time-frequency feature of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed to obtain a distance matrix d,
Wherein m represents the window number of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C, n represents the window number of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, d (i, j) represents the distance between the ith window signal C i of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and the jth window signal Y j of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed,
Based on the calculated distance matrix d, a cumulative distance matrix W is calculated, wherein any element W (i, j) in the cumulative distance matrix W is found by the following formula:
W(i,j)＝d(i,j)+min(W(i-1,j-1)，W(i,j-1),W(i-1,j))；
Obtaining a difference degree DTW (C, Y) between the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix W:
DTW(C,Y)＝W(m,n)。
S4: and analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree.
Specifically, the state of the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the characteristic diagnosis sequence with the minimum time-frequency characteristic difference degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed is determined as the current state of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, and then the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed is determined according to the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the characteristic diagnosis sequence representing the normal state of the on-load tap-changer.
Comparing the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed with the fault diagnosis sequences corresponding to the states of each on-load tap-changer in the mechanical fault diagnosis library according to the above-mentioned difference degree calculation method, calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the time-frequency characteristics (fault diagnosis sequences) corresponding to the states of each on-load tap-changer in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, comparing the different difference degrees, wherein the state corresponding to the fault diagnosis sequence with the minimum difference degree is the state of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, namely, the fault type of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed is determined according to the state corresponding to the fault diagnosis sequence with the minimum difference degree of the time-frequency characteristics of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed in the mechanical fault diagnosis library. Meanwhile, according to the degree of difference between the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer in the normal working state, the severity of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed is analyzed, and as the severity of the fault increases, the degree of difference also increases, namely, the degree of fault of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed is determined according to the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the time-frequency characteristic (fault diagnosis sequence) corresponding to the normal working state of the on-load tap-changer in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library, so that the type diagnosis and the degree analysis of the mechanical fault of the on-load tap-changer are realized.
According to the on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method provided by the invention, the gravity center sequence corresponding to the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer, which is calculated by adopting a dynamic time warping algorithm, is used as the characteristic diagnosis sequence in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, the time sequence of the vibration signal when the on-load tap-changer is switched is taken into consideration, the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer is calculated by adopting the dynamic time warping algorithm, and the difference degree between the characteristic diagnosis sequences of the vibration signals representing different on-load tap-changer states in the mechanical fault diagnosis library is calculated, so that the vibration signals can be subjected to local most similar matching in a dynamic matching mode, and the accuracy of the difference degree calculation is improved; calculating a gravity center sequence corresponding to a vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer switched in each state by adopting a dynamic time-structured gravity center average algorithm, and taking the gravity center sequence as a time-frequency characteristic parameter of final diagnosis, thereby avoiding the influence of random error of single sample measurement and improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis; and on the basis of the fault type diagnosis of the on-load tap-changer, the severity of the fault can be analyzed through the quantitative index of the difference degree, and more fault information can be provided.
As shown in fig. 5, based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the method of the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for diagnosing a mechanical failure of an on-load tap-changer, which is configured to implement the method for diagnosing a mechanical failure of an on-load tap-changer according to the above embodiment, including:
the vibration signal collection module 10 is used for collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed;
the time-frequency characteristic extraction module 20 is used for extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal through short-time Fourier transform;
The difference degree calculating module 30 is configured to calculate, according to a dynamic time warping algorithm, a difference degree between a time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library, where the different characteristic diagnosis sequences correspondingly represent different on-load tap-changer states;
The switch fault analysis module 40 is configured to analyze the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree.
The device of the foregoing embodiment is configured to implement the corresponding method in the foregoing embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which is not described herein.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, corresponding to the method of any embodiment, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, where the processor executes the program to implement the method for diagnosing mechanical failure of an on-load tap changer according to the embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows a more specific hardware schematic of the electronic device provided in this embodiment, where the device may include: processor 100, memory 200, input/output interface 300, communication interface 400, and bus 500. Wherein the processor 100, the memory 200, the input/output interface 300 and the communication interface 400, the bus 500 enable a communication connection between each other within the device.
The processor 100 may be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit ), a microprocessor, an Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, etc. for executing related programs to implement the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
The Memory 200 may be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (random access Memory), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or the like. Memory 200 may store an operating system and other application programs, and when implementing the techniques provided by embodiments of the present invention by software or firmware, the associated program code is stored in memory 200 and invoked for execution by processor 100.
The input/output interface 300 is used for connecting with an input/output module to realize information input and output. The input/output module may be configured as a component in a device (not shown) or may be external to the device to provide corresponding functionality. The input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, various sensors, etc., and the output device may include a display, a speaker, a vibrator, an indicator light, etc.
The communication interface 400 is used to connect with a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication interaction between the present device and other devices. The communication module may implement communication through a wired manner (such as USB, network cable, etc.), or may implement communication through a wireless manner (such as mobile network, WIFI, bluetooth, etc.).
Bus 500 includes a path for transferring information between components of the device (e.g., processor 100, memory 200, input/output interface 300, and communication interface 400).
It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 100, the memory 200, the input/output interface 300, the communication interface 400, and the bus 500, the device may include other components necessary for achieving normal operation in the implementation. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described apparatus may include only the components necessary to implement the embodiments of the present description, and not all the components shown in the drawings.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis method according to the above embodiment, corresponding to the method of any of the above embodiments.
The computer-readable storage media of the present embodiments, including both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, may be used to implement information storage by any method or technology; the information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computer device.
The computer instructions stored in the computer storage medium of the above embodiment are used to make a computer execute the mechanical fault diagnosis method of the on-load tap-changer according to the above embodiment, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which are not described herein.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the discussion of any of the embodiments above is merely exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; the technical features of the above embodiments or in the different embodiments may also be combined within the idea of the invention, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The present embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the present invention. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, and the like, which are within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for diagnosing a mechanical fault of an on-load tap-changer, comprising:
Collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed;
Extracting the time-frequency characteristics of the vibration signals through short-time Fourier transformation;
Calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, wherein different characteristic diagnosis sequences correspondingly represent different on-load tap-changer states; before calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library, the method further comprises:
S11: measuring vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer when the on-load tap-changer is switched in each state for multiple times respectively to obtain a plurality of vibration signal samples corresponding to the on-load tap-changer in each state;
s12: extracting the vibration signal samples corresponding to each state of the on-load tap-changer respectively through short-time Fourier transform to obtain time-frequency characteristic sequences corresponding to the vibration signal samples in each state of the on-load tap-changer, wherein the time-frequency characteristic sequences of the vibration signal samples representing the same on-load tap-changer state jointly form a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the corresponding on-load tap-changer state;
S13: calculating the time-frequency characteristic sequence under each state of the on-load tap-changer through a dynamic time warping algorithm to obtain a gravity center sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequence under each state of the on-load tap-changer, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
S131: for a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set in any state of the on-load tap-changer, arbitrarily selecting one time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set as an initial gravity center sequence;
S132: calculating a regular path sequence between the gravity center sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set by using a dynamic time-warping algorithm;
S133: forming a regular path sequence set by using each obtained regular path sequence, wherein the regular path sequences in the regular path sequence set are in one-to-one correspondence with time-frequency characteristic sequences in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set;
s134: calculating a new barycenter sequence from the set of regular path sequences, any element in the new barycenter sequence being calculated by the formula:
Wherein C ' t represents the t-th element of the new barycenter sequence C ', S ' it represents the t-th matched element with the barycenter sequence C in the i-th regular path sequence S ' i of the regular path sequence set S ', N represents the total number of regular path sequences in S ', and α represents the total number of t-th matched elements with the barycenter sequence C in all N regular path sequences of the regular path sequence set S ';
S135: taking the new barycenter sequence as the new barycenter sequence, and performing iterative calculation until the difference value of the obtained sum of the difference between the new barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set is not more than a preset proportion compared with the sum of the difference between the new barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the last iteration;
Wherein, the step S132 includes: for any time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set, calculating Euclidean distance between any two elements in the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the gravity center sequence to obtain a distance matrix; calculating an accumulated distance matrix based on the calculated distance matrix; acquiring an integral path sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the gravity center sequence according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix;
s14: associating each calculated gravity center sequence as a characteristic diagnosis sequence with a corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and establishing a mechanical fault diagnosis library of the on-load tap-changer;
Calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
S21: for any one of the feature diagnosis sequences in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, calculating the Euclidean distance between any two elements in the feature diagnosis sequence C= { C 1,c2,…,ci,…,cm } and the feature sequence Y= { Y 1,y2,…,yj,…,yn } of the time-frequency feature of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed to obtain a distance matrix d,
Wherein m represents the window number of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C, n represents the window number of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, d (i, j) represents the distance between an ith window signal C i of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a jth window signal Y j of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed,
S22: based on the calculated distance matrix d, a cumulative distance matrix W is calculated, wherein any element W (i, j) in the cumulative distance matrix W is found by the following formula:
W(i,j)＝d(i,j)+min(W(i-1,j-1)，W(i,j-1),W(i-1,j))；
S23: obtaining a difference degree DTW (C, Y) between the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix W:
DTW(C,Y)＝W(m,n)；
Analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree DTW (C, Y), wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the state of the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the characteristic diagnosis sequence with the minimum time-frequency characteristic difference degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed as the current state of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed; and determining the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the characteristic diagnosis sequence representing the normal state of the on-load tap-changer.
2. The on-load tap-changer mechanical failure diagnosis method according to claim 1, wherein the extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal by short-time fourier transform comprises:
taking 10% -20% of the length of the vibration signal of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed as a window length, taking 20% -30% of the window length as a step length, and intercepting the vibration signal according to a preset window function of short-time Fourier transform;
Dividing the frequency band of each window signal of the intercepted vibration signal into three frequency bands of low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency, and calculating the signal energy in each frequency band;
According to the calculated signal energy in each frequency band, the ith window signal of the vibration signal is represented by E i＝[Ei Low frequency ,Ei Intermediate frequency ,Ei High frequency , and the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal is represented by an energy matrix with the number of lines equal to the total window number and the number of columns equal to three.
3. An on-load tap-changer mechanical fault diagnosis device, comprising:
the vibration signal collection module is used for collecting vibration signals in the switching process of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed;
The time-frequency characteristic extraction module is used for extracting the time-frequency characteristic of the vibration signal through short-time Fourier transformation;
The difference degree calculation module is used for calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, and different on-load tap-changer states are correspondingly represented by different characteristic diagnosis sequences; before calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library, the method further comprises: measuring vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer when the on-load tap-changer is switched in each state for multiple times respectively to obtain a plurality of vibration signal samples corresponding to the on-load tap-changer in each state; extracting the vibration signal samples corresponding to each state of the on-load tap-changer respectively through short-time Fourier transform to obtain time-frequency characteristic sequences corresponding to the vibration signal samples in each state of the on-load tap-changer, wherein the time-frequency characteristic sequences of the vibration signal samples representing the same on-load tap-changer state jointly form a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the corresponding on-load tap-changer state; calculating the time-frequency characteristic sequences under each state of the on-load tap-changer through a dynamic time warping algorithm to obtain a gravity center sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequences under each state of the on-load tap-changer; associating each calculated gravity center sequence as a characteristic diagnosis sequence with a corresponding on-load tap-changer state, and establishing a mechanical fault diagnosis library of the on-load tap-changer;
The calculating, by using a dynamic time warping algorithm, the time-frequency characteristic sequence in each state of the on-load tap-changer, so as to obtain a gravity center sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequence in each state of the on-load tap-changer includes: for a vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set in any state of the on-load tap-changer, arbitrarily selecting one time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set as an initial gravity center sequence; calculating a regular path sequence between the gravity center sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set by using a dynamic time-warping algorithm; forming a regular path sequence set by using each obtained regular path sequence, wherein the regular path sequences in the regular path sequence set are in one-to-one correspondence with time-frequency characteristic sequences in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set; calculating a new barycenter sequence from the set of regular path sequences, any element in the new barycenter sequence being calculated by the formula:
Wherein C ' t represents the t-th element of the new barycenter sequence C ', S ' it represents the t-th matched element with the barycenter sequence C in the i-th regular path sequence S ' i of the regular path sequence set S ', N represents the total number of regular path sequences in S ', and α represents the total number of t-th matched elements with the barycenter sequence C in all N regular path sequences of the regular path sequence set S '; taking the new barycenter sequence as the new barycenter sequence, and performing iterative calculation until the difference value of the obtained sum of the difference between the new barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set is not more than a preset proportion compared with the sum of the difference between the new barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set of the last iteration;
The calculating, by using a dynamic time warping algorithm, a normalized path sequence between the barycenter sequence and each time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set includes: for any time-frequency characteristic sequence in the vibration signal time-frequency characteristic set, calculating Euclidean distance between any two elements in the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the gravity center sequence to obtain a distance matrix; calculating an accumulated distance matrix based on the calculated distance matrix; acquiring an integral path sequence corresponding to the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the degree of difference between the time-frequency characteristic sequence and the gravity center sequence according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix;
Calculating the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and each characteristic diagnosis sequence in a preset mechanical fault diagnosis library through a dynamic time warping algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
For any one of the feature diagnosis sequences in the mechanical fault diagnosis library, calculating the Euclidean distance between any two elements in the feature diagnosis sequence C= { C 1,c2,…,ci,…,cm } and the feature sequence Y= { Y 1,y2,…,yj,…,yn } of the time-frequency feature of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed to obtain a distance matrix d,
Wherein m represents the window number of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C, n represents the window number of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed, d (i, j) represents the distance between an ith window signal C i of the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a jth window signal Y j of the characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed,
Based on the calculated distance matrix d, a cumulative distance matrix W is calculated, wherein any element W (i, j) in the cumulative distance matrix W is found by the following formula:
W(i,j)＝d(i,j)+min(W(i-1,j-1)，W(i,j-1),W(i-1,j))；
Obtaining a difference degree DTW (C, Y) between the characteristic diagnosis sequence C and a characteristic sequence Y of the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the calculated accumulated distance matrix W:
DTW(C,Y)＝W(m,n)；
The switch fault analysis module is used for analyzing the fault type and the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree DTW (C, Y), and comprises the following steps: determining the state of the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the characteristic diagnosis sequence with the minimum time-frequency characteristic difference degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed as the current state of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed; and determining the fault degree of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed according to the difference degree between the time-frequency characteristic of the on-load tap-changer to be diagnosed and the characteristic diagnosis sequence representing the normal state of the on-load tap-changer.
4. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the on-load tap changer mechanical failure diagnosis method according to any one of claims 1 or 2 when executing the computer program.
5. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the on-load tap-changer mechanical failure diagnosis method according to any one of claims 1 or 2.
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| JP2017054857A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-03-16 | 中国電力株式会社 | Diagnosis method and diagnosis system for load-time tap switching device |
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