CN115435575A - A Grain Drying System Based on Graphene Far Infrared and Air Convection Coupling - Google Patents

A Grain Drying System Based on Graphene Far Infrared and Air Convection Coupling Download PDF

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CN115435575A
CN115435575A CN202210997234.2A CN202210997234A CN115435575A CN 115435575 A CN115435575 A CN 115435575A CN 202210997234 A CN202210997234 A CN 202210997234A CN 115435575 A CN115435575 A CN 115435575A
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air inlet
section
air outlet
air
grain
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颜建春
魏海
谢焕雄
吴惠昌
高学梅
游兆延
王申莹
张会娟
王建楠
刘敏基
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/50—Ducting arrangements from the source of air or other gases to the materials or objects being dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
    • F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a grain drying system based on graphene far infrared and air convection coupling, which comprises a plurality of stages of drying modules which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each stage of drying module comprises a tempering section, an air outlet section, a graphene far infrared heating section and an air inlet section, and the upper end and the lower end of the air inlet section are provided with the graphene far infrared heating section and the air outlet section; the tempering section is a hollow cavity with an upper opening and a lower opening, the air inlet section comprises an air inlet cavity with an upper opening and a lower opening, an air inlet is arranged on the side wall of one side of the air inlet cavity, air inlet channels which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the air inlets are also arranged in the air inlet cavity, each air inlet is communicated with an air inlet channel, the air inlets are connected with an air outlet of the centrifugal fan, the side wall of each air inlet channel is of a porous structure, and the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of grains; the graphene far infrared heating section comprises a cavity and a plurality of graphene radiation plates which are vertically arranged in the cavity at equal intervals, and the width of a gap between every two adjacent graphene radiation plates is larger than the length of each grain seed; the air outlet section comprises an air outlet cavity with an upper opening and a lower opening and an air outlet pipeline arranged in the air outlet cavity, air outlets at the end parts of the air outlet pipeline are respectively positioned on the opposite side walls of the air outlet cavity, the side walls of the air outlet pipeline are of a porous structure, and the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the grain; the air inlet channel and the air outlet pipeline both comprise conical tops, and the jacking direction of the conical tops is opposite to the flowing direction of grains.

Description

一种基于石墨烯远红外和空气对流耦合的粮食干燥系统A Grain Drying System Based on Graphene Far Infrared and Air Convection Coupling

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种基于石墨烯远红外和空气对流耦合的粮食干燥系统。The invention relates to a grain drying system based on graphene far infrared and air convection coupling.

背景技术Background technique

针对现有石墨烯远红外粮食干燥技术，干燥时粮食加热与通风排湿分段进行，存在物料加热与表层排湿匹配性差的问题，即远红外加热过程中水分从谷粒内部排到表面后并不能立即被空气流带走，必须等到谷物进入通风排湿通道后才能被空气流带走其表面水分，因此在干燥阶段谷粒表面水分浓度过高，影响谷粒内部水分的进一步排出，从而导致石墨烯远红外干燥的优势没有得到充分的发挥，影响干燥过程能量的高效利用和干燥速度的提升。In view of the existing graphene far-infrared grain drying technology, grain heating and ventilation and dehumidification are carried out in stages during drying, and there is a problem of poor matching between material heating and surface dehumidification, that is, moisture is discharged from the inside of the grain to the surface during the far-infrared heating process. It cannot be taken away by the air flow immediately, and the surface moisture must be taken away by the air flow after the grain enters the ventilation and moisture removal channel. Therefore, the moisture concentration on the surface of the grain is too high during the drying stage, which affects the further discharge of moisture inside the grain. As a result, the advantages of graphene far-infrared drying have not been fully utilized, which affects the efficient use of energy in the drying process and the improvement of drying speed.

发明内容Contents of the invention

发明目的：本发明目的旨在提供一种粮食远红外加热干燥与通风排湿能够同时进行的干燥系统，从而提升石墨烯远红外干燥粮食的效能和速度，避免谷粒表层排湿不畅导致干燥效能下降的问题。Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the invention is to provide a drying system that can simultaneously carry out far-infrared heating and drying of grains and ventilation and dehumidification, thereby improving the efficiency and speed of graphene far-infrared drying grains, and avoiding dryness caused by poor dehumidification of the grain surface The problem of reduced performance.

技术方案：本发明所述的基于石墨烯远红外和空气对流耦合的粮食干燥系统，包括多级依次串联的干燥模块，每级干燥模块均包括缓苏段、出风段、石墨烯远红外加热段和进风段，所述进风段上下两端均设有石墨烯远红外加热段和出风段；所述缓苏段为上下开口的中空腔体，所述进风段包括上下开口的进风腔体，所述进风腔体一侧侧壁上设有进风口，所述进风腔体内还设有与进风口一一对应设置的进风通道，每个进风口均连通有进风通道，进风口与离心风机的出风口连接，进风通道的侧壁呈多孔结构，多孔结构的孔径小于粮食的外径；所述石墨烯远红外加热段包括腔体以及多块竖向、等距设置在腔体内的石墨烯辐射板，相邻石墨烯辐射板之间设有间隙，间隙的宽度大于三个粮食籽粒的长度；所述出风段包括上下开口的出风腔体以及设置在出风腔体内的出风管道，出风管道端部的出风口分别位于出风腔体相对设置的侧壁上，出风管道的侧壁呈多孔结构，多孔结构的孔径小于粮食的外径；所述进风通道和出风管道均包括呈锥形的顶部，锥形顶部顶升的方向与粮食的流动方向相反。Technical solution: The grain drying system based on graphene far-infrared and air convection coupling described in the present invention includes multi-stage drying modules connected in series, and each drying module includes a slowing section, an air outlet section, and graphene far-infrared heating. section and the air inlet section, the upper and lower ends of the air inlet section are equipped with a graphene far-infrared heating section and an air outlet section; the slow Su section is a hollow cavity with upper and lower openings, and the air inlet section includes a The air inlet chamber is provided with an air inlet on the side wall of the air inlet chamber, and the air inlet channel is also provided in the air inlet chamber in a one-to-one correspondence with the air inlet, and each air inlet is connected with an air inlet The air passage, the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the centrifugal fan, the side wall of the air inlet passage is porous structure, and the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the grain; the graphene far-infrared heating section includes a cavity and a plurality of vertical, The graphene radiating plates equidistantly arranged in the cavity, a gap is arranged between adjacent graphene radiating plates, the width of the gap is greater than the length of three grain grains; In the air outlet pipe in the air outlet chamber, the air outlets at the ends of the air outlet pipe are respectively located on the opposite side walls of the air outlet chamber. The side walls of the air outlet pipe are in a porous structure, and the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the grain. ; The air inlet channel and the air outlet pipe both include a conical top, and the direction of the conical top is opposite to the flow direction of the grain.

其中，所述进风段上下两端设置的石墨烯远红外加热段和出风段分别为上出风段、上石墨烯远红外加热段、下石墨烯远红外加热段和下出风段；待干燥的粮食进入干燥模块，依次流经缓苏段、上出风段、上石墨烯远红外加热段、进风段、下石墨烯远红外加热段和下出风段后，流出该级干燥模块。Wherein, the graphene far-infrared heating section and the air outlet section arranged at the upper and lower ends of the air inlet section are respectively an upper air outlet section, an upper graphene far-infrared heating section, a lower graphene far-infrared heating section and a lower air outlet section; The grain to be dried enters the drying module, flows through the slow section, the upper air outlet section, the upper graphene far-infrared heating section, the air inlet section, the lower graphene far-infrared heating section and the lower air outlet section in sequence, and then flows out of this stage of drying module.

其中，所述进风通道和出风管道的横截面呈三角形、倒V型或五边形中的一种，优选为倒V型，一方面节省材料，一方面通过两个坡面可以使物料顺利地向下流动，圆形或其它形状容易导致物料滞留在风管上。Wherein, the cross section of the air inlet channel and the air outlet duct is one of triangular, inverted V-shaped or pentagonal, preferably inverted V-shaped. On the one hand, it saves materials, on the other hand, it can make materials Smooth downward flow, round or other shapes tend to cause material to become trapped on the duct.

其中，所述进风通道和出风通道锥形顶部对应的锥角为60～70°。该角度能够使粮食顺利的下滑，使粮食不在风管坡面上滞留，同时该角度也有利于节省风管占用的空间。Wherein, the cone angle corresponding to the tapered top of the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel is 60-70°. This angle can make the grain slide down smoothly, so that the grain does not stay on the slope of the air duct, and at the same time, this angle is also conducive to saving the space occupied by the air duct.

其中，所述进风通道与出风管道相互平行设置，所述进风通道的设置方向与石墨烯辐射板的设置方向相互垂直。风管与加热板垂直设置是为了使所有的粮食籽粒受到的干燥条件保持一致，保证粮食干燥的均匀性。Wherein, the air inlet passage and the air outlet pipe are arranged parallel to each other, and the installation direction of the air inlet passage is perpendicular to the installation direction of the graphene radiation plate. The vertical setting of the air duct and the heating plate is to keep the drying conditions of all grains consistent and ensure the uniformity of grain drying.

其中，所述缓苏段对应中空腔体的高度为600～800mm；所述出风段对应出风腔体的高度为200～300mm；所述石墨烯远红外加热段对应腔体的高度为400～420mm；所述进风段对应进风腔体的高度为400～500mm；粮食在干燥模块中的平均移动速度为5～15cm/min。粮食移动过快会导致石墨烯远红外辐射板过度磨损，粮食移动过慢则导致粮食籽粒受热干燥时间过长，粮食籽粒内部形成过大的水分差，导致的内应力大于可修复的屈服极限。Wherein, the height of the hollow cavity corresponding to the slow su section is 600-800mm; the height of the air outlet section corresponding to the air outlet cavity is 200-300mm; the height of the graphene far-infrared heating section corresponding to the cavity is 400mm ~420mm; the height of the air inlet section corresponding to the air inlet cavity is 400~500mm; the average moving speed of grain in the drying module is 5~15cm/min. If the grain moves too fast, the graphene far-infrared radiation plate will be excessively worn. If the grain moves too slowly, the grain grain will be heated and dried for too long, and an excessive moisture difference will be formed inside the grain grain, resulting in an internal stress greater than the repairable yield limit.

其中，还包括进料模块、提升输送模块、粮流方向控制模块、粮流控制模块和卸料模块，粮流控制模块位于多级串联的干燥模块下方；所述进料模块通过提升输送模块将粮食送入多级依次串联的干燥模块中干燥，干燥后采样对粮食的含水率进行检测，当检测粮食含水率符合标准，则通过提升输送模块将干燥好的粮食通过卸料模块卸料，当检测粮食含水率不符合标准，则通过提升输送模块将粮食再循环进入多级依次串联的干燥模块中进行干燥，通过控制粮流控制模块中叶轮的转速来控制粮食在干燥模块中的移动速度。Among them, it also includes a feeding module, a lifting and conveying module, a grain flow direction control module, a grain flow control module and an unloading module. The grain flow control module is located below the multi-stage series drying module; Grain is sent to drying modules connected in series in multiple stages for drying. After drying, samples are taken to detect the moisture content of the grain. When the moisture content of the grain is detected to meet the standard, the dried grain is unloaded through the unloading module by lifting the conveying module. If the moisture content of the grain is not up to standard, then the grain is recirculated into the multi-stage drying modules connected in series for drying by lifting the conveying module, and the moving speed of the grain in the drying module is controlled by controlling the speed of the impeller in the grain flow control module.

有益效果：相比于现有技术，本发明具有如下显著优点：(1)本发明干燥模块通过在模块内设置缓苏段以及限定流经模块时粮食籽粒的缓冲时间和干燥时间比同时控制粮食的移动速度，使加热干燥时的粮食内水分梯度得到有效消除，从而能够有效防止粮食在加热干燥时爆腰开裂现象的发生，当粮食内水分梯度得到有效消除，就能提高对粮食的加热温度(60℃左右也不会发生爆腰开裂现象)，从而缩短干燥时间，提高干燥效率；(2)本发明干燥模块将远红外辐照和空气对流耦合起来，实现粮食远红外加热和通风排湿的同时进行，使得从谷粒内部迁移至谷粒表面的水分被空气流快速带走，最大程度提升了石墨烯远红外干燥粮食的效能和速度，避免现有技术中谷粒表层水分排湿不畅导致石墨烯远红外干燥能力下降的问题。Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The drying module of the present invention simultaneously controls the grain drying time and the drying time ratio of the grain grains by setting a slowing section in the module and limiting the grain grains flowing through the module. The moving speed of the grain can effectively eliminate the moisture gradient in the grain during heating and drying, so as to effectively prevent the cracking of the waist when the grain is heated and dried. When the moisture gradient in the grain is effectively eliminated, the heating temperature of the grain can be increased. (Cracking will not occur at around 60°C), thereby shortening the drying time and improving drying efficiency; (2) The drying module of the present invention couples far-infrared radiation and air convection to realize far-infrared heating and ventilation and dehumidification of grain Simultaneously, the moisture that migrates from the inside of the grain to the surface of the grain is quickly taken away by the air flow, which maximizes the efficiency and speed of graphene far-infrared drying of grain, and avoids the poor drainage of moisture on the surface of the grain in the prior art The problem that leads to the decline of the far-infrared drying ability of graphene.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为干燥模块的结构示意图I；Fig. 1 is the structural representation I of drying module;

图2为干燥模块的结构示意图II；Fig. 2 is the structural representation II of drying module;

图3为石墨烯远红外加热段的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of graphene far-infrared heating section;

图4为进风段离心风机与进风腔体的连接示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the centrifugal fan in the air inlet section and the air inlet cavity;

图5为进风段的局部剖视图；Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view of the air inlet section;

图6为出风段的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the air outlet section;

图7为出风段的侧视图；Fig. 7 is a side view of the air outlet section;

图8为本发明干燥系统的系统原理图。Fig. 8 is a system schematic diagram of the drying system of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

如图1～7所示，本发明基于石墨烯远红外和空气对流耦合的粮食干燥系统，包括多级依次串联的干燥模块10，每级干燥模块10均包括缓苏段4、出风段1、石墨烯远红外加热段2和进风段3，进风段3上下两端均设有石墨烯远红外加热段2和出风段1，分别为上出风段1-1、上石墨烯远红外加热段2-1、下石墨烯远红外加热段2-2和下出风段1-2；缓苏段4为上下开口的中空腔体41，进风段3包括上下开口的进风腔体32，进风腔体32一侧侧壁上设有进风口，进风腔体32内还设有与进风口一一对应设置的进风通道31，每个进风口均连通有进风通道31，进风口与离心风机5的出风口连接；进风通道31的横截面呈倒V型，倒V型进风通道31对应的角度为60～70°，进风通道31的侧壁具有密集的孔状结构，孔状结构的孔径小于粮食的外径；进风段3内共有两排12个进风通道31，每排6个进风通道31，每相邻的四个进风通道31为一组，与一台离心风机5连接，并利用离心风机5向内鼓入空气，该方式可使各进风通道31的通风条件基本一致；石墨烯远红外加热段2包括腔体22以及多块竖向、等距设置在腔体22内的石墨烯辐射板21，相邻石墨烯辐射板21之间设有间隙，间隙的宽度大于三个粮食籽粒的长度；出风段1包括上下开口的出风腔体12以及设置在出风腔体12内的出风管道11，出风管道11端部的出风口13分别位于出风腔体12相对设置的侧壁上，出风管道11的侧壁具有密集的多孔结构，多孔结构的孔径小于粮食的外径；出风管道11的横截面呈倒V型，倒V型出风管道11对应的角度为60～70°，出风管道11两端均开口，与大气连通，湿气流从出风管道11两端排入大气；进风通道31与出风管道11锥形顶部的顶升方向与粮食的流动方向相反。进风通道31与出风管道11相互平行设置，进风通道31的设置方向与石墨烯辐射板21的设置方向相互垂直。待干燥的粮食进入干燥模块10，依次流经缓苏段4、上出风段1-1、上石墨烯远红外加热段2-1、进风段3、下石墨烯远红外加热段2-2和下出风段1-2后，流出该级干燥模块。As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the grain drying system based on graphene far-infrared and air convection coupling of the present invention includes multi-stage drying modules 10 connected in series, and each drying module 10 includes a slowing section 4 and an air outlet section 1 , graphene far-infrared heating section 2 and air inlet section 3, graphene far-infrared heating section 2 and air outlet section 1 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of air inlet section 3, which are respectively upper air outlet section 1-1, upper graphene Far-infrared heating section 2-1, lower graphene far-infrared heating section 2-2 and lower air outlet section 1-2; slow su section 4 is a hollow cavity 41 with upper and lower openings, and air inlet section 3 includes air inlet with upper and lower openings The cavity 32 is provided with an air inlet on the side wall of the air inlet cavity 32, and an air inlet channel 31 corresponding to the air inlet is also provided in the air inlet cavity 32, and each air inlet is connected with an air inlet. Channel 31, the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of centrifugal fan 5; the cross section of air inlet channel 31 is inverted V-shaped, and the angle corresponding to inverted V-shaped air inlet channel 31 is 60～70 °, and the side wall of air inlet channel 31 has Dense porous structure, the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the grain; there are two rows of 12 air inlet passages 31 in the air inlet section 3, and each row has 6 air inlet passages 31, and each adjacent four air inlet passages 31 is a group, is connected with a centrifugal fan 5, and utilizes centrifugal fan 5 to inwardly blow into air, and this mode can make the ventilation condition of each air inlet channel 31 basically consistent; Graphene far-infrared heating section 2 comprises cavity 22 And a plurality of vertical, equidistant graphene radiation plates 21 arranged in the cavity 22, a gap is provided between adjacent graphene radiation plates 21, the width of the gap is greater than the length of three grain grains; the air outlet section 1 includes The air outlet chamber 12 with upper and lower openings and the air outlet duct 11 arranged in the air outlet chamber 12, the air outlets 13 at the ends of the air outlet duct 11 are respectively located on the opposite side walls of the air outlet chamber 12, and the air outlet duct The side wall of 11 has dense porous structure, and the pore diameter of porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of grain; Both ends of the pipeline 11 are open and communicated with the atmosphere, and the wet air flow is discharged into the atmosphere from the two ends of the air outlet pipeline 11; The air inlet passage 31 and the air outlet duct 11 are arranged parallel to each other, and the installation direction of the air inlet passage 31 and the installation direction of the graphene radiation plate 21 are perpendicular to each other. The grain to be dried enters the drying module 10 and flows through the slow section 4, the upper air outlet section 1-1, the upper graphene far-infrared heating section 2-1, the air inlet section 3, and the lower graphene far-infrared heating section 2-1 in sequence. After 2 and the lower air outlet section 1-2, it flows out of the drying module of this level.

若进风段3和出风段1内没有设置风管，则气流无法均匀的穿过粮堆，无法达到本发明的干燥效果，即使多出数倍的送风机向内鼓风也达不到对应的干燥效果。If there is no air duct in the air inlet section 3 and the air outlet section 1, the air flow cannot pass through the grain pile evenly, and the drying effect of the present invention cannot be achieved. Even if several times more air blowers blow inward, the corresponding drying effect.

如图8所示，本发明干燥系统还包括进料模块、提升输送模块、粮流方向控制模块、粮流控制模块和卸料模块，粮流控制模块位于多级串联的干燥模块下方；进料模块通过提升输送模块将粮食送入多级依次串联的干燥模块中干燥，干燥后采样对粮食的含水率进行检测，当检测粮食含水率符合标准，则通过提升输送模块将干燥好的粮食通过卸料模块卸料，当检测粮食含水率不符合标准，则通过提升输送模块将粮食再循环进入多级依次串联的干燥模块中进行干燥，通过控制粮流控制模块中叶轮的转速来控制粮食在干燥模块中的移动速度。本发明使用的粮流控制模块结构与公开号为CN113632833A专利中的同步排粮模块结构一致。As shown in Figure 8, the drying system of the present invention also includes a feeding module, a lifting and conveying module, a grain flow direction control module, a grain flow control module and an unloading module. The module sends the grain to the multi-stage drying module connected in series for drying by lifting the conveying module. After drying, the moisture content of the grain is tested by sampling. When the moisture content of the grain is detected to be unqualified, the grain is recirculated into the multi-stage drying modules connected in series for drying by lifting the conveying module, and the grain is dried by controlling the speed of the impeller in the grain flow control module. Movement speed in the module. The grain flow control module structure used in the present invention is consistent with the synchronous grain discharge module structure in the patent publication number CN113632833A.

每级干燥模块10的缓苏段4对应中空腔体的高度为800mm；出风段1对应出风腔体的高度为200mm；石墨烯远红外加热段2对应腔体的高度为400mm；进风段3对应进风腔体的高度为500mm；粮食在干燥模块中的平均移动速度为10cm/min。The height corresponding to the hollow cavity of the slow section 4 of each stage of drying module 10 is 800mm; the height of the air outlet section 1 corresponding to the air outlet cavity is 200mm; Section 3 corresponds to the height of the air inlet cavity is 500mm; the average moving speed of grain in the drying module is 10cm/min.

本发明干燥系统中粮食籽粒的缓冲时间和干燥时间接近1：1，这是通过控制缓苏段仓容与进风段、出风段、石墨烯加热段三者仓容之和近似相等来实现的。The buffering time and drying time of the grain grains in the drying system of the present invention are close to 1:1, which is realized by controlling the sum of the storage capacity of the slowing section, the air inlet section, the air outlet section, and the graphene heating section to be approximately equal.

本发明干燥系统的工作过程为：完成上料后，粮食物料填充满所有干燥模块后，进入干燥作业状态，粮食物料从上到下依次穿过各个干燥模块后，通过提升机输运至顶部模块继续干燥，直至达到贮藏水分后通过顶部粮流方向控制器和卸料机构排出干燥机。每级干燥模块10中，空气流在离心风机5作用下进入分布在进风段3内的进风管31内，进风管壁上开有密集的小圆孔，圆孔直径小于谷粒的最小尺寸(避免谷粒从小圆孔中穿过)。在风压的作用下，空气流穿过进风管壁后分成上下两股，上面一股向上流动进入位于进风段3上方的石墨烯远红外加热段2，与远红外辐射共同作用于填充在远红外加热板(辐射板)21之间的粮食谷粒，使得从谷粒内部排出到表面的水分立即被流经此处的气流带走，气流穿过位于进风段3上方的石墨烯远红外加热段2后继续进入上出风段1-1，从分布在上出风段1-1内的出风管11排出干燥模块；类似的，下面一股向下流动的空气流进入位于进风段3下方的石墨烯远红外加热段2，与远红外辐射共同作用于填充在远红外加热板21之间的粮食谷粒，使得从谷粒内部排出到表面的水分立即被流经此处的气流带走，气流穿过位于进风段3下方的石墨烯远红外加热段2后继续进入下出风段1-2，从分布在下出风段1-2内的出风管11排出干燥模块。在此过程中，粮食在缓苏段4、两个出风段1、两个石墨烯远红外加热段2及进风段3中始终处于最大充满状态，并不停地缓慢向下流动。The working process of the drying system of the present invention is as follows: after the feeding is completed, the grain materials are filled with all the drying modules, and then enter the drying operation state. After the grain materials pass through each drying module from top to bottom in turn, they are transported to the top module by the elevator Continue to dry until the stored moisture is reached, then it will be discharged out of the dryer through the top grain flow direction controller and the discharge mechanism. In each stage of drying module 10, the air flow enters the air inlet pipe 31 distributed in the air inlet section 3 under the action of the centrifugal fan 5, and there are dense small round holes on the air inlet pipe wall, and the diameter of the round holes is smaller than that of grains. Minimum size (to avoid grains passing through small round holes). Under the action of wind pressure, the air flow passes through the wall of the air inlet pipe and is divided into two streams, the upper one flows upwards and enters the graphene far-infrared heating section 2 located above the air inlet section 3, and the far-infrared radiation acts on the filling Grain grains between the far-infrared heating plates (radiation plates) 21, so that the moisture discharged to the surface from the inside of the grains is immediately taken away by the airflow flowing through here, and the airflow passes through the graphene positioned above the air inlet section 3 After the far-infrared heating section 2 continues to enter the upper air outlet section 1-1, the drying module is discharged from the air outlet pipe 11 distributed in the upper air outlet section 1-1; The graphene far-infrared heating section 2 below the air inlet section 3 acts together with the far-infrared radiation on the grain grains filled between the far-infrared heating plates 21, so that the moisture discharged from the interior of the grains to the surface is immediately flowed through this The airflow at the place is taken away, and the airflow passes through the graphene far-infrared heating section 2 located below the air inlet section 3 and then continues to enter the lower air outlet section 1-2, and is discharged from the outlet pipe 11 distributed in the lower air outlet section 1-2 Drying module. During this process, the grain is always in the maximum full state in the slow su section 4, the two air outlet sections 1, the two graphene far-infrared heating sections 2 and the air inlet section 3, and keeps flowing slowly downward.

针对三批重量相同(10吨)，初始含水率相同的粮食籽粒(初始含水率20％)，采用三个不同的干燥系统进行干燥至含水率14％，结果如下所示：传统热风循环干燥需要的干燥时间为10～12h，热量利用率为30～50％；公开号CN113632833A公开的干燥系统需要的干燥时间为7～8个小时，热量利用率为60～70％，本发明干燥系统需要的干燥时间为4～6h，热量利用率为70～80％。相比于公开号为CN113632833A的干燥系统，本发明干燥模块通过将远红外辐照和空气对流耦合起来，实现粮食远红外加热和通风排湿的同时进行，使得从谷粒内部迁移至谷粒表面的水分被空气流快速带走，使干燥效率得到极大的提高。For three batches of grain grains with the same weight (10 tons) and the same initial moisture content (initial moisture content 20%), three different drying systems were used to dry to a moisture content of 14%. The results are as follows: Traditional hot air circulation drying needs The drying time is 10～12h, and the heat utilization rate is 30～50%; The drying time is 4-6 hours, and the heat utilization rate is 70-80%. Compared with the drying system with the publication number CN113632833A, the drying module of the present invention realizes far-infrared heating and ventilation and dehumidification of grain at the same time by coupling far-infrared radiation and air convection, so that it migrates from the inside of the grain to the surface of the grain The moisture is quickly taken away by the air flow, which greatly improves the drying efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a grain drying system based on graphite alkene far infrared and air convection coupling which characterized in that: the drying device comprises multiple stages of drying modules (10) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each stage of drying module (10) comprises a tempering section (4), an air outlet section (1), a graphene far infrared heating section (2) and an air inlet section (3), and the upper end and the lower end of the air inlet section (3) are respectively provided with the graphene far infrared heating section (2) and the air outlet section (1); the tempering section (4) is a hollow cavity (41) with an upper opening and a lower opening, the air inlet section (3) comprises an air inlet cavity (32) with an upper opening and a lower opening, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of one side of the air inlet cavity (32), air inlet channels (31) which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence to the air inlets are further arranged in the air inlet cavity (32), each air inlet is communicated with one air inlet channel (31), the air inlet is connected with an air outlet of the centrifugal fan (5), the side wall of each air inlet channel (31) is of a porous structure, and the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of grains; the graphene far infrared heating section (2) comprises a cavity (22) and a plurality of graphene radiation plates which are vertically arranged in the cavity (22) at equal intervals, gaps are formed between every two adjacent graphene radiation plates (21), and the width of each gap is larger than the length of each grain seed; the air outlet section (1) comprises an air outlet cavity (12) with an upper opening and a lower opening and an air outlet pipeline (11) arranged in the air outlet cavity (12), air outlets (13) at the end parts of the air outlet pipeline (11) are respectively positioned on the opposite side walls of the air outlet cavity (12), the side walls of the air outlet pipeline (11) are of a porous structure, and the aperture of the porous structure is smaller than the outer diameter of grains; the air inlet channel (31) and the air outlet pipeline (11) comprise conical tops, and the jacking direction of the conical tops is opposite to the flowing direction of grains.
2. The graphene far infrared and air convection coupling based grain drying system of claim 1, wherein: the graphene far infrared heating section (2) and the air outlet section (1) arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the air inlet section (3) are respectively an upper air outlet section (1-1), an upper graphene far infrared heating section (2-1), a lower graphene far infrared heating section (2-2) and a lower air outlet section (1-2); the grain to be dried enters the drying module (10), flows through the tempering section (4), the upper air outlet section (1-1), the upper graphene far infrared heating section (2-1), the air inlet section (3), the lower graphene far infrared heating section (2-2) and the lower air outlet section (1-2) in sequence, and then flows out of the drying module.
3. The graphene far infrared and air convection coupling based grain drying system according to claim 1, wherein: the cross sections of the air inlet channel (31) and the air outlet pipeline (11) are in one of a triangle shape, an inverted V shape or a pentagon shape.
4. The graphene far infrared and air convection coupling based grain drying system according to claim 3, wherein: the corresponding taper angles of the tapered tops of the air inlet channel (31) and the air outlet channel (11) are 60-70 degrees.
5. The graphene far infrared and air convection coupling based grain drying system of claim 3, wherein: the air inlet channel (31) and the air outlet pipeline (11) are arranged in parallel, and the arrangement direction of the air inlet channel (31) is perpendicular to that of the graphene radiation plate (21).
6. The graphene far infrared and air convection coupling based grain drying system according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the tempering section (4) corresponding to the hollow cavity is 600-800 mm; the height of the air outlet section (1) corresponding to the air outlet cavity is 200-300 mm; the height of the cavity corresponding to the graphene far infrared heating section (2) is 400-420 mm; the height of the air inlet section (3) corresponding to the air inlet cavity is 400-500 mm; the average moving speed of the grains in the drying module is 5-15 cm/min.
7. The graphene far infrared and air convection coupling based grain drying system of claim 1, wherein: the grain flow control device also comprises a feeding module, a lifting and conveying module, a grain flow direction control module, a grain flow control module and a discharging module, wherein the grain flow control module is positioned below the drying modules (10) which are connected in series in multiple stages; the feeding module sends grain into multistage drying module of establishing ties in proper order through promoting transport module and dries, the moisture content of grain is detected in the sampling after the drying, meet the standard when detecting grain moisture content, then unload through the module of unloading of promoting transport module with dried grain, it is not conform to the standard to detect grain moisture content, then dry in the multistage drying module of establishing ties in proper order of grain recirculation entering through promoting transport module, the slew velocity of impeller controls grain in drying module through control grain flow control module.
CN202210997234.2A 2022-08-19 2022-08-19 A Grain Drying System Based on Graphene Far Infrared and Air Convection Coupling Pending CN115435575A (en)

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