CN115434928B - High-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device - Google Patents

High-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115434928B
CN115434928B CN202211172347.5A CN202211172347A CN115434928B CN 115434928 B CN115434928 B CN 115434928B CN 202211172347 A CN202211172347 A CN 202211172347A CN 115434928 B CN115434928 B CN 115434928B
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China
Prior art keywords
expansion
compression
rotor
volute
preheating
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CN202211172347.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN115434928A (en
Inventor
邢子义
谢元豪
王升科
王明
迟磊
丁晓洁
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Yantai Dongde Industrial Co Ltd
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Yantai Dongde Industrial Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/10—Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device, includes motor housing, stator and rotor, and motor housing both ends inboard is installed respectively and is used for supporting the compression end bearing frame and the expansion end bearing frame of rotor, is equipped with compression end seal structure between compression end diffuser and the rotor for avoid the gas in the compression chamber to leak and cause compression efficiency reduction to the motor intracavity, be equipped with compression end cooling system in compression spiral case and the motor housing, be used for carrying out cooling heat dissipation to thrust bearing, compression end radial bearing, stator, rotor, expansion end radial bearing and avoid heat to pile up; an expansion end sealing structure is arranged between the expansion end guide and the rotor and used for avoiding the corrosion of the stator and the rotor caused by the leakage of gas in the expansion cavity to the motor cavity, and an expansion end preheating system is arranged in the expansion volute and the motor shell and used for preheating the expansion volute and the expansion volute channel so as to reduce the temperature difference between the expansion end and high-temperature gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack and reduce the condensation amount.

Description

High-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device
Technical field:
the invention relates to an integrated device of a high-speed centrifugal air compressor and an expander.
The background technology is as follows:
at present, the development of new energy fuel cell automobiles is considered as an important link of traffic energy power transformation, and in order to ensure the normal operation of fuel cell engines, the engines generally need auxiliary systems such as a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a circulating water cooling management subsystem and the like, and a great deal of researches show that the supply of high-pressure and large-flow air has obvious effect on improving the power output of the existing fuel cell engines. Therefore, a centrifugal air compressor is an energy conversion device for achieving the aim, which is one of important parts of an air supply system of a fuel cell engine, for boosting intake air before the intake air enters the engine.
The applicant applies for a patent application with publication number of CN114893419A, namely a single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated system of a fuel cell, and discloses a structural form of integrating the air compressor and the expander, when the air compressor and the expander are specifically operated, on one hand, for a compression end, gas in a compression cavity is easy to leak into a motor cavity, so that compression efficiency is reduced, and a common contact sealing ring is easy to wear due to high-speed rotation of a rotor when the rotor is operated, heat is serious, a gap is increased, and the situation of sealing failure occurs; on the other hand, a great amount of heat is generated at the compression end and the inside of the motor, and if the heat is not discharged in time to form heat accumulation, the situation that the machine is forced to stop due to the fact that the internal temperature is too high can occur.
For an expansion end, on one hand, gas in an expansion cavity is easy to leak into a motor cavity, corrosion is caused to a stator and a rotor of the motor, the service life of the motor is influenced, and a common contact sealing ring is easy to wear due to high-speed rotation of the rotor during working, so that the gap is increased due to severe heating, and the situation of sealing failure occurs; on the other hand, the high-temperature gas discharged by the fuel cell pile enters the expander to push the expansion impeller to rotate, the expansion impeller is used for recovering the gas energy discharged by the fuel cell pile and providing power for the rotor, as the high-temperature gas discharged by the fuel cell pile contains a certain amount of water vapor, the high-temperature gas can be condensed into water when the high-temperature gas enters the expander after being cooled, the larger the temperature difference is, the larger the condensation water quantity is, the normal operation of the expander is affected, and the expander is flooded due to heavy weight, so that no good method for solving the problems is available at present.
For the rotor, the structural form of the rotor plays a role in increasing the rotation speed. The traditional rotor is internally provided with magnetic steel, the outer part of the magnetic steel is coated by high-temperature resistant non-magnetic conductive materials, but the existing rotor is complex in installation structure, the rotor in the high-speed centrifugal compressor is supported by a radial air bearing, the outer surface of the rotor is contacted with the air bearing, and the rotor is easily worn for a long time, so that the rotation precision is influenced; when the rotor rotates at a high speed for a long time, heat is generated outside the rotor, so that the temperature of the rotor is increased, and when the temperature of the rotor is too high, the rotor is easily deformed, and the service life of the rotor is influenced. In addition, the existing rotor is poor in bilateral symmetry, different in weight on the left side and the right side, poor in balance, and capable of enlarging the difference on the left side and the right side more when rotating at a high speed under the condition of tens of thousands of rotating speeds, and affecting the stability of the rotor, and also affecting the improvement of the rotating speed of the rotor to a certain extent.
In summary, the problems of sealing and cooling the compression end, sealing and condensing the expansion end, and the rotor have become technical problems to be solved in industry.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides an integrated device of a high-speed centrifugal air compressor and an expander, which solves the problem that the compression efficiency is reduced due to leakage of gas in a compression cavity into a motor cavity, solves the problem that heat accumulation is formed due to untimely heat discharge of the compression end and the motor inside, solves the problem that the stator and a rotor are corroded due to leakage of gas in the expansion cavity into the motor cavity, and solves the problem that high-temperature gas discharged by a fuel cell stack is condensed into water when entering the expander.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device, including motor housing, stator and rotor, motor housing both ends inboard is installed respectively and is used for supporting the compression end bearing frame and the expansion end bearing frame of rotor, compression end bearing frame outside is installed and is compressed end diffuser, the rotor wears out compression end diffuser and installs compression impeller, the compression impeller outside is equipped with the compression spiral case that motor housing links to each other, be equipped with compression spiral case in the compression spiral case, be equipped with compression end air inlet and compression end gas outlet on the compression spiral case, be equipped with thrust disk and thrust bearing between compression end bearing frame and the compression end diffuser, be equipped with compression end radial bearing between compression end bearing frame and the rotor;
an expansion end guide is arranged on the outer side of the expansion end bearing seat, an expansion impeller is arranged on the rotor penetrating out of the expansion end guide, an expansion volute connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the expansion impeller, an expansion volute channel is arranged in the expansion volute, an expansion end air inlet and an expansion end air outlet which are communicated with the expansion volute channel are arranged on the expansion volute channel, and an expansion end radial bearing is arranged between the expansion end bearing seat and the rotor;
a compression end sealing structure is arranged between the compression end diffuser and the rotor and used for avoiding reduction of compression efficiency caused by leakage of gas in the compression cavity into the motor cavity, and a compression end cooling system is arranged in the compression volute and the motor shell and used for cooling and radiating a thrust bearing, a compression end radial bearing, a stator, the rotor and an expansion end radial bearing to avoid heat accumulation;
the expansion end guide device is characterized in that an expansion end sealing structure is arranged between the expansion end guide device and the rotor and used for preventing wet gas in the expansion cavity from leaking into the motor cavity to corrode the stator and the rotor and damage the air bearing, and an expansion end preheating system is arranged in the expansion volute and the motor shell and used for preheating the expansion volute and the expansion volute channel so as to reduce the temperature difference between the expansion end and high-temperature gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack, reduce the condensation amount and reduce the impact damage of liquid drops to the expansion impeller.
The compression end sealing structure comprises a compression end sealing sleeve ring arranged on a rotor between a compression impeller and a thrust disc, a compression end sealing groove matched with the compression end sealing sleeve ring is arranged on the inner hole wall of the compression end diffuser, and the outer edge of the compression end sealing sleeve ring is inserted in the compression end sealing groove to form a clearance sealing structure in clearance fit with the compression end diffuser.
The outer terminal surface of compression end diffuser has compression end seal apron through the screw connection, forms the compression end seal groove between compression end seal apron and the compression end diffuser, compression end seal lantern ring compresses tightly the thrust disk on the ladder terminal surface of rotor one end, and compression impeller compresses tightly compression end seal lantern ring on the thrust disk terminal surface, and compression impeller's outer end compresses tightly fixedly through the gland nut of screw-thread installation on the rotor.
The compression end cooling system comprises an air inlet nozzle and a shell air inlet channel which are arranged on the motor shell, a bearing seat air inlet channel is arranged in a bearing seat of the compression end, a diffuser air inlet channel is arranged in a diffuser of the compression end, and a bearing seat air outlet channel communicated with the diffuser air inlet channel is also arranged in the bearing seat of the compression end; the air enters from the air inlet nozzle through the air inlet channel of the shell and the air inlet channel of the bearing seat, a part of air enters into the motor shell through the gap between the thrust disc and the bearing seat of the compression end and the gap between the bearing seat of the compression end and the rotor, the thrust bearing and the radial bearing of the compression end on the inner side of the thrust disc are cooled, the other part of air enters into the motor shell through the gap between the thrust disc and the diffuser of the compression end, the air inlet channel of the diffuser and the air outlet channel of the bearing seat, the thrust bearing on the outer side of the thrust disc is cooled, the air in the motor shell takes away the heat generated during the working of the stator and the rotor, the air enters into the expansion end guide through the gap between the bearing seat of the expansion end and the rotor, the expansion end radial bearing is cooled, and the air brings the heat inside the compression end and the motor.
The expansion end sealing structure comprises an expansion end sealing sleeve ring arranged on a rotor between an expansion impeller and an expansion end bearing seat, an expansion end sealing groove matched with the expansion end sealing sleeve ring is arranged on the inner hole wall of the expansion end guide, and the outer edge of the expansion end sealing sleeve ring is inserted in the expansion end sealing groove to form a clearance sealing structure in clearance fit with the expansion end guide.
The outer end face of the expansion end guide is connected with an expansion end sealing cover plate through a screw, an expansion end sealing groove is formed between the expansion end sealing cover plate and the expansion end guide, the expansion impeller compresses the expansion end sealing lantern ring on the stepped end face of the rotor, and the outer end of the expansion impeller is compressed and fixed through a compression nut arranged on the rotor through threads.
The expansion end preheating system comprises a guider exhaust channel arranged in an expansion end guider, a first preheating cavity is arranged between the motor shell and the expansion volute, a second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute, a preheating air inlet channel which is used for communicating the first preheating cavity with the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute, and a preheating exhaust channel which is used for communicating the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute; the gas in the motor casing enters the first preheating cavity through the guide exhaust passage for carrying out primary preheating on the expansion volute, the gas in the first preheating cavity enters the second preheating cavity through the preheating air inlet passage for carrying out secondary preheating on the expansion volute, and the gas in the second preheating cavity is discharged outwards from the preheating exhaust passage.
The second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute in an annular mode, the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute and close to the expansion volute, the preheating air inlet channel is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute and close to the air inlet of the expansion end, the preheating air inlet channel and the preheating air outlet channel are arranged on two opposite sides of the second preheating cavity, and the preheating air outlet channel is communicated with the air outlet of the expansion end.
The rotor comprises a middle sleeve, magnetic steel is arranged in the middle sleeve, two ends of the magnetic steel are respectively provided with a mandrel, one end outer side of the mandrel, which is close to the magnetic steel, is provided with a compression shaft sleeve, the compression shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the middle sleeve and is used for compressing and fixing the mandrel and the magnetic steel, the compression shaft sleeve and the middle sleeve are made of high-temperature-resistant non-magnetic conductive materials, and the outer surface of the compression shaft sleeve is provided with a wear-resistant coating.
The magnetic steel is arranged at the middle position inside the middle sleeve, the mandrel at two ends of the magnetic steel and the compression shaft sleeve are symmetrically arranged, the shaft shoulder is arranged on the outer surface of the mandrel, the blocking table is arranged on the inner side of the compression shaft sleeve, the mandrel is connected with the compression shaft sleeve through interference fit press fitting, the compression shaft sleeve is inserted inside the middle sleeve, the compression shaft sleeve is connected with the middle sleeve through interference fit press fitting, the outer edge of the joint is welded and fixed, the mandrel is flush with the end face of the compression shaft sleeve, close to the magnetic steel, and is in contact fit with the end face of the magnetic steel, and a plurality of annular grooves for reducing weight are formed in the outer surface of the end, far away from the magnetic steel, of the mandrel.
The invention adopts the scheme and has the following advantages:
the compression end sealing sleeve ring is added, the compression end sealing sleeve ring rotates at a high speed along with the rotor, and the compression end sealing groove matched with the compression end sealing sleeve ring is arranged on the inner hole wall of the compression end diffuser, so that a labyrinth type gap sealing structure is formed, gas in the compression cavity can be prevented from leaking into the motor cavity, and the compression ratio and the compression efficiency are improved;
the compression end diffuser is internally provided with a diffuser air inlet channel, the compression end bearing seat is internally provided with a bearing seat exhaust channel communicated with the diffuser air inlet channel, gas enters from the air inlet nozzle through the shell air inlet channel and the bearing seat air inlet channel, a part of gas enters into the motor shell through a gap between the thrust disc and the compression end bearing seat and a gap between the compression end bearing seat and the rotor, the thrust bearing and the compression end radial bearing on the inner side of the thrust disc are cooled, the other part of gas enters into the motor shell through the gap between the thrust disc and the compression end diffuser, the diffuser air inlet channel and the bearing seat exhaust channel, the thrust bearing on the outer side of the thrust disc is cooled, the gas in the motor shell is taken away again by heat generated when the stator and the rotor work, the gas enters into the expansion end guide through a gap between the expansion end bearing seat and the rotor, the gas brings out the heat inside the compression end and the motor, the cooling efficiency is high, the heat inside the compression end and the motor can be discharged in time without forming heat accumulation, and the condition that the internal temperature is excessively high is avoided;
the expansion end sealing lantern ring is added, the expansion end sealing lantern ring rotates at a high speed along with the rotor, and the expansion end sealing groove matched with the expansion end sealing lantern ring is arranged on the inner hole wall of the expansion end guider to form a labyrinth gap sealing structure, so that gas in the expansion cavity can be prevented from leaking into the motor cavity, corrosion to the stator and the rotor is avoided, and the service life of the motor is ensured;
the first preheating cavity is arranged between the motor shell and the expansion volute, the expansion volute can be preheated in a first stage, the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute, the expansion volute is preheated in a second stage, gas with a certain temperature is firstly introduced into the first preheating cavity and the second preheating cavity before high-temperature gas discharged by the fuel cell stack enters the expander, and the expansion volute channel are fully preheated, so that the temperature difference between the expander and the high-temperature gas discharged by the fuel cell stack is reduced, the condensate amount is greatly reduced, flooding of the expander is avoided, and the performance of the expander is ensured;
the two side central shafts are respectively pressed and fixed with the magnetic steel through the pressing shaft sleeves at two sides, and then the pressing shaft sleeves are fixedly connected with the middle sleeve, so that the assembly process is simplified, the assembly efficiency is improved, the wear-resistant coating is arranged on the outer surface of the pressing shaft sleeve and is contacted with the radial air bearing, the wear resistance is greatly improved, the rotor wear is avoided, the rotation precision is improved, the pressing shaft sleeves and the middle sleeve are made of high-temperature-resistant non-magnetic conductive materials, the conditions of external heating of the rotor and the temperature rise of the rotor are avoided, and the service life of the rotor is ensured; the rotor is symmetrically arranged on two sides, has the same weight, good balance and good stability in high-speed rotation, and is favorable for improving the rotation speed.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compression end seal of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the expansion end seal of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotor according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, motor housing, 2, stator, 3, rotor, 4, compression end bearing housing, 5, expansion end bearing housing, 6, compression end diffuser, 7, compression impeller, 8, compression volute, 9, compression volute channel, 10, compression end air inlet, 11, compression end air outlet, 12, thrust disk, 13, thrust bearing, 14, compression end radial bearing, 15, expansion end guide, 16, expansion impeller, 17, expansion volute, 18, expansion volute channel, 19, expansion end air inlet, 20, expansion end air outlet, 21, expansion end radial bearing, 22, air inlet nozzle, 23, housing air inlet channel, 24, bearing housing air inlet channel, 25, diffuser air inlet channel, 26, bearing housing air outlet channel, 27, guide air outlet channel, 28, first preheating chamber, 29, second preheating chamber, 30, preheating air inlet channel, 31, preheating air outlet channel, 32, compression end seal collar, 33, compression end seal groove, 34, compression end seal cover, 35, compression nut, 36, expansion end seal collar, 37, expansion end seal groove, 38, expansion end seal cover, intermediate cover, 39, magnetic steel, 40, annular groove, 42, mandrel, 43, and 43.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the integrated device of the high-speed centrifugal air compressor and the expander comprises a motor shell 1, a stator 2 and a rotor 3, wherein a compression end bearing seat 4 and an expansion end bearing seat 5 for supporting the rotor 3 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the motor shell 1, a compression end diffuser 6 is arranged on the outer side of the compression end bearing seat 4, the rotor 3 penetrates out of the compression end diffuser 6 to be provided with a compression impeller 7, a compression volute 8 connected with the motor shell 1 is arranged on the outer side of the compression impeller 7, a compression volute 9 is arranged in the compression volute 8, a compression end air inlet 10 and a compression end air outlet 11 are arranged on the compression volute 8, a thrust disc 12 and a thrust bearing 13 are arranged between the compression end bearing seat 4 and the compression end diffuser 6, and a compression end radial bearing 14 is arranged between the compression end bearing seat 4 and the rotor 3;
an expansion end guide 15 is arranged on the outer side of the expansion end bearing seat 5, an expansion impeller 16 is arranged on the rotor 3 penetrating out of the expansion end guide 15, an expansion volute 17 connected with the motor shell 1 is arranged on the outer side of the expansion impeller 16, an expansion volute 18 is arranged in the expansion volute 17, an expansion end air inlet 19 and an expansion end air outlet 20 which are communicated with the expansion volute 18 are arranged on the expansion volute 17, and an expansion end radial bearing 21 is arranged between the expansion end bearing seat 5 and the rotor 3;
a compression end sealing structure is arranged between the compression end diffuser 6 and the rotor 3 and used for avoiding reduction of compression efficiency caused by leakage of gas in the compression cavity into the motor cavity, and a compression end cooling system is arranged in the compression volute 8 and the motor shell 1 and used for cooling and radiating the thrust bearing 13, the compression end radial bearing 14, the stator 2, the rotor 3 and the expansion end radial bearing 21 to avoid heat accumulation;
an expansion end sealing structure is arranged between the expansion end guide 15 and the rotor 3 and used for avoiding the corrosion to the stator and the rotor and the damage to the air bearing caused by the leakage of wet gas in the expansion cavity to the motor cavity, and an expansion end preheating system is arranged in the expansion volute 17 and the motor shell 1 and used for preheating the expansion volute 17 and the expansion volute 18 so as to reduce the temperature difference between the expansion end and high-temperature gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack, reduce the condensation amount and reduce the impact damage of liquid drops to the expansion impeller.
The compression end sealing structure comprises a compression end sealing collar 32 arranged on the rotor 3 between the compression impeller 7 and the thrust disk 12, a compression end sealing groove 33 matched with the compression end sealing collar 32 is arranged on the inner hole wall of the compression end diffuser 6, and the outer edge of the compression end sealing collar 32 is inserted in the compression end sealing groove 33 to form a clearance sealing structure with the compression end diffuser 6 in a clearance fit manner.
The outer terminal surface of compression end diffuser 6 has compression end seal apron 34 through the screw connection, forms compression end seal groove 33 between compression end seal apron 34 and the compression end diffuser 6, and compression end seal apron 34 can dismantle, makes things convenient for packing into of compression end seal lantern ring 32, compression end seal lantern ring 32 compresses tightly thrust disk 12 on the ladder terminal surface of rotor 3 one end, and compression impeller 7 compresses tightly compression end seal lantern ring 32 on thrust disk 12 terminal surface, and compression nut 35 that compression impeller 7's outer end was installed on rotor 3 through the screw thread compresses tightly fixedly. During operation, the rotor 3 drives the compression impeller 7 to rotate at a high speed, air enters from the compression end air inlet 10, after being pressurized in the compression worm channel 9, the air is discharged from the compression end air outlet 11, high-pressure air is conveyed to the fuel cell, the compression end sealing sleeve ring 32 rotates at a high speed along with the rotor 3, the outer edge of the compression end sealing sleeve ring 32 is inserted into the compression end sealing groove 33 and is in clearance fit with the compression end diffuser 6 and the compression end sealing cover plate 34 to form a labyrinth clearance sealing structure, air in the compression cavity hardly enters into the motor cavity through a clearance, the air in the compression cavity can be prevented from leaking into the motor cavity, and the compression ratio and the compression efficiency are improved.
The compression end cooling system comprises an air inlet nozzle 22 and a shell air inlet channel 23 which are arranged on the motor shell 1, a bearing seat air inlet channel 24 is arranged in the compression end bearing seat 4, a diffuser air inlet channel 25 is arranged in the compression end diffuser 6, and a bearing seat air outlet channel 26 communicated with the diffuser air inlet channel 25 is also arranged in the compression end bearing seat 4; the gas enters from the air inlet nozzle 22 through the shell air inlet channel 23 and the bearing seat air inlet channel 24, one part of the gas enters into the motor shell 1 through the gap between the thrust disc 12 and the compression end bearing seat 4 and the gap between the compression end bearing seat 4 and the rotor 3, the thrust bearing 13 and the compression end radial bearing 14 on the inner side of the thrust disc 12 are cooled, the other part of the gas enters into the motor shell 1 through the gap between the thrust disc 12 and the compression end diffuser 6, the diffuser air inlet channel 25 and the bearing seat air outlet channel 26, the thrust bearing 13 on the outer side of the thrust disc 12 is cooled, the gas in the motor shell 1 takes away the heat generated during the operation of the stator 2 and the rotor 3, the gas enters into the expansion end guide 15 through the gap between the expansion end bearing seat 5 and the rotor 3, the expansion end radial bearing 21 is cooled, and the gas brings the heat in the compression end and the motor.
The expansion end sealing structure comprises an expansion end sealing collar 36 arranged on the rotor 3 between the expansion impeller 16 and the expansion end bearing seat 5, an expansion end sealing groove 37 matched with the expansion end sealing collar 36 is arranged on the inner hole wall of the expansion end guide 15, and the outer edge of the expansion end sealing collar 36 is inserted in the expansion end sealing groove 37 to form a clearance sealing structure in clearance fit with the expansion end guide 15.
The outer end face of the expansion end guide 15 is connected with an expansion end sealing cover plate 38 through screws, an expansion end sealing groove 37 is formed between the expansion end sealing cover plate 38 and the expansion end guide 15, the expansion end sealing cover plate 38 is detachable, the expansion end sealing sleeve ring 36 is convenient to install, the expansion impeller 16 compresses the expansion end sealing sleeve ring 36 on the stepped end face of the rotor 3, and the outer end of the expansion impeller 16 is compressed and fixed through a compression nut 35 which is installed on the rotor 3 through threads. During operation, high-pressure gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack enters the expander from the expansion end air inlet 19, the expansion impeller 16 is driven to rotate by the expansion worm channel 18, the expansion impeller 16 is used for recovering the energy of the gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack and providing assistance to the rotor 3, the gas is finally exhausted from the expansion end air outlet 20, the outer edge of the expansion end sealing collar 36 is inserted into the expansion end sealing groove 37 and is in clearance fit with the expansion end guide 15 and the expansion end sealing cover plate 38 to form a labyrinth clearance sealing structure, the gas in the expansion cavity is difficult to enter the motor cavity through a clearance, the gas in the expansion cavity can be prevented from leaking into the motor cavity, corrosion to the stator 2 and the rotor 3 is avoided, and the service life of the motor is ensured.
The expansion end preheating system comprises a guide exhaust passage 27 arranged in the expansion end guide 15, a first preheating cavity 28 is arranged between the motor housing 1 and the expansion volute 17, a second preheating cavity 29 is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute 17, a preheating air inlet passage 30 which is used for communicating the first preheating cavity 28 with the second preheating cavity 29 is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute 17, and a preheating exhaust passage 31 which is communicated with the second preheating cavity 29 is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute 17; the gas guide exhaust passage 27 in the motor housing enters the first preheating chamber 28 for primary preheating of the expansion scroll 17, the gas in the first preheating chamber 28 enters the second preheating chamber 29 through the preheating inlet passage 30 for secondary preheating of the expansion scroll 17, and the gas in the second preheating chamber 29 is discharged from the preheating exhaust passage 31.
The second preheating chamber 29 is disposed in the side wall of the expansion volute 17 in a ring shape, so that the space of the expansion volute 17 can be fully utilized, the preheating area can be increased, and the preheating effect can be enhanced.
The second preheating chamber 29 is disposed in the side wall of the expansion volute 17 near the expansion volute 18, and the high-temperature gas discharged from the fuel cell stack directly enters the expansion volute 18 after entering from the air inlet 19 at the expansion end, so that the preheating effect on the expansion volute 18 can be enhanced by the second preheating chamber 29, and the temperature difference can be reduced as far as possible.
The preheating air inlet passage 30 is provided in the side wall of the expansion volute 17 near the expansion-end air inlet 19, and can preheat the expansion-end air inlet 19.
The preheating exhaust path 31 is communicated with the expansion end air outlet 20, and can directly exhaust the air in the second preheating cavity 29 into the expansion end air outlet 20.
The preheating air inlet channel 30 and the preheating air outlet channel 31 are arranged on two opposite sides of the second preheating cavity 29, so that the residence time of the gas in the second preheating cavity 29 can be prolonged, the sufficient heat exchange can be performed, and the preheating effect can be enhanced.
The rotor 3 comprises a middle sleeve 39, magnetic steel 40 is arranged in the middle sleeve 39, two ends of the magnetic steel 40 are respectively provided with a mandrel 41, a compression shaft sleeve 42 is arranged at the outer side of one end, close to the magnetic steel 40, of the mandrel 41, the compression shaft sleeve 42 is fixedly connected with the middle sleeve 39, the compression shaft sleeve 42 is used for compressing and fixing the mandrel 41 and the magnetic steel 40, the assembly process is simplified, the assembly efficiency is improved, the compression shaft sleeve 42 and the middle sleeve 39 are made of high-temperature-resistant non-magnetic materials, the conditions of heat generation outside the rotor and temperature rise of the rotor are avoided, and the service life of the rotor is ensured; the outer surface of the compression shaft sleeve 42 is provided with a wear-resistant coating, the wear-resistant coating is contacted with a radial air bearing, and the wear resistance is greatly improved.
The magnetic steel 40 is arranged in the middle position inside the middle sleeve 39, the mandrels at the two ends of the magnetic steel and the compression shaft sleeve are symmetrically arranged, the weights at the two sides are the same, the balance is good, the stability is good during high-speed rotation, and the lifting of the rotation speed is facilitated.
The outer surface of the mandrel 41 is provided with a shaft shoulder, the inner side of the compression shaft sleeve 42 is provided with a baffle, and the mandrel 41 is in interference fit press fit connection with the compression shaft sleeve 42.
The compression shaft sleeve 42 is inserted into the middle sleeve 39, the compression shaft sleeve 42 is connected with the middle sleeve 39 in an interference fit and press fit manner, and the outer edge of the joint is welded and fixed, so that the connection strength is increased.
The mandrel 41 and the pressing shaft sleeve 42 are flush with one end face, close to the magnetic steel 40, of the magnetic steel end face and are in contact fit, so that the overall structure is more compact, and when the mandrel is impacted by external force, the surface-to-surface contact area between the mandrel and the magnetic steel is large, and the magnetic steel can be prevented from being broken by stress.
The outer surface of one end of the mandrel 41 far away from the magnetic steel 40 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 43 for reducing weight, and the overall weight is reduced, so that the improvement of the rotating speed is facilitated.
The materials of the compression sleeve 42 and the intermediate sleeve 39 include nickel-based superalloy, which is a superalloy with high strength and good oxidation resistance and gas corrosion resistance in the range of 650-1000 ℃ with nickel as a matrix (the content is generally more than 50%). Specifically, the invention can adopt GH4145 alloy, belongs to high-temperature resistant non-magnetic conductive materials, and has good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, higher strength below 800 ℃, better relaxation resistance below 540 ℃, good forming property and welding property.
The material of the mandrel 41 comprises 9Cr18, 9Cr18Mo or 9Cr18MoV stainless steel, and has high hardness, good corrosion resistance and strong toughness.
The wear-resistant coating comprises a titanium nitride coating, has high hardness, good wear resistance, high temperature resistance, good stability when in contact with a radial air bearing and long service life.
Working principle:
before high-temperature gas discharged by a fuel cell stack enters an expander, gas enters from a gas inlet nozzle 22 through a shell gas inlet channel 23 and a bearing seat gas inlet channel 24, part of the gas enters into the motor shell 1 through a gap between a thrust disc 12 and a compression end bearing seat 4 and a gap between the compression end bearing seat 4 and a rotor 3, the thrust bearing 13 and the compression end radial bearing 14 at the inner side of the thrust disc 12 are cooled, the other part of the gas enters into the motor shell 1 through a gap between the thrust disc 12 and a compression end diffuser 6, a diffuser gas inlet channel 25 and a bearing seat gas outlet channel 26, the thrust bearing 13 at the outer side of the thrust disc 12 is cooled, the gas in the motor shell 1 takes away heat generated during the operation of a stator 2 and a rotor 3, the gas enters into an expansion end guide 15 through a gap between the expansion end bearing seat 5 and the rotor 3, the gas cools the expansion end radial bearing 21, and the heat inside the compression end and the motor are carried out, and the cooling function of the compression end and the motor is realized; the temperature of the gas is increased, the gas enters a first preheating cavity 28 through a guide exhaust channel 27 for carrying out primary preheating on the expansion spiral case 17, the gas in the first preheating cavity 28 enters a second preheating cavity 29 through a preheating air inlet channel 30 for carrying out secondary preheating on the expansion spiral case 17 so as to reduce the temperature difference between the expansion machine and high-temperature gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack, after the preheating is finished, the high-temperature gas exhausted by the fuel cell stack enters the expansion machine again, the gas can be continuously supplied into the first preheating cavity 28 and the second preheating cavity 29 for preheating, the temperature difference is always kept to be reduced, and the purpose of reducing the condensation amount is achieved.
The above embodiments are not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and any alternatives or modifications to the embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and fall within the scope of the invention.
The present invention is not described in detail in the present application, and is well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a high-speed centrifugal air compressor machine and expander integrated device which characterized in that: the motor comprises a motor shell, a stator and a rotor, wherein a compression end bearing seat and an expansion end bearing seat for supporting the rotor are respectively arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the motor shell, a compression end diffuser is arranged on the outer side of the compression end bearing seat, a compression impeller is arranged on the rotor penetrating out of the compression end diffuser, a compression volute connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the compression impeller, a compression volute is arranged in the compression volute, a compression end air inlet and a compression end air outlet are arranged on the compression volute, a thrust disc and a thrust bearing are arranged between the compression end bearing seat and the compression end diffuser, and a compression end radial bearing is arranged between the compression end bearing seat and the rotor;
an expansion end guide is arranged on the outer side of the expansion end bearing seat, an expansion impeller is arranged on the rotor penetrating out of the expansion end guide, an expansion volute connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the expansion impeller, an expansion volute channel is arranged in the expansion volute, an expansion end air inlet and an expansion end air outlet which are communicated with the expansion volute channel are arranged on the expansion volute channel, and an expansion end radial bearing is arranged between the expansion end bearing seat and the rotor;
a compression end sealing structure is arranged between the compression end diffuser and the rotor and used for avoiding reduction of compression efficiency caused by leakage of gas in the compression cavity into the motor cavity, and a compression end cooling system is arranged in the compression volute and the motor shell and used for cooling and radiating a thrust bearing, a compression end radial bearing, a stator, the rotor and an expansion end radial bearing to avoid heat accumulation;
an expansion end sealing structure is arranged between the expansion end guide and the rotor and is used for avoiding the corrosion of the stator and the rotor and the damage to an air bearing caused by the leakage of wet gas in the expansion cavity into the motor cavity, and an expansion end preheating system is arranged in the expansion volute and the motor shell and is used for preheating the expansion volute and the expansion volute so as to reduce the temperature difference between the expansion end and high-temperature gas discharged by the fuel cell stack, reduce the condensation quantity and reduce the impact damage of liquid drops to the expansion impeller;
the expansion end preheating system comprises a guider exhaust channel arranged in an expansion end guider, a first preheating cavity is arranged between the motor shell and the expansion volute, a second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute, a preheating air inlet channel which is used for communicating the first preheating cavity with the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute, and a preheating exhaust channel which is used for communicating the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute; the gas in the motor casing enters the first preheating cavity through the guide exhaust passage for carrying out primary preheating on the expansion volute, the gas in the first preheating cavity enters the second preheating cavity through the preheating air inlet passage for carrying out secondary preheating on the expansion volute, and the gas in the second preheating cavity is discharged outwards from the preheating exhaust passage.
2. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 1, wherein: the compression end sealing structure comprises a compression end sealing sleeve ring arranged on a rotor between a compression impeller and a thrust disc, a compression end sealing groove matched with the compression end sealing sleeve ring is arranged on the inner hole wall of the compression end diffuser, and the outer edge of the compression end sealing sleeve ring is inserted in the compression end sealing groove to form a clearance sealing structure in clearance fit with the compression end diffuser.
3. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 2, wherein: the outer terminal surface of compression end diffuser has compression end seal apron through the screw connection, forms the compression end seal groove between compression end seal apron and the compression end diffuser, compression end seal lantern ring compresses tightly the thrust disk on the ladder terminal surface of rotor one end, and compression impeller compresses tightly compression end seal lantern ring on the thrust disk terminal surface, and compression impeller's outer end compresses tightly fixedly through the gland nut of screw-thread installation on the rotor.
4. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 1, wherein: the compression end cooling system comprises an air inlet nozzle and a shell air inlet channel which are arranged on the motor shell, a bearing seat air inlet channel is arranged in a bearing seat of the compression end, a diffuser air inlet channel is arranged in a diffuser of the compression end, and a bearing seat air outlet channel communicated with the diffuser air inlet channel is also arranged in the bearing seat of the compression end; the air enters from the air inlet nozzle through the air inlet channel of the shell and the air inlet channel of the bearing seat, a part of air enters into the motor shell through the gap between the thrust disc and the bearing seat of the compression end and the gap between the bearing seat of the compression end and the rotor, the thrust bearing and the radial bearing of the compression end on the inner side of the thrust disc are cooled, the other part of air enters into the motor shell through the gap between the thrust disc and the diffuser of the compression end, the air inlet channel of the diffuser and the air outlet channel of the bearing seat, the thrust bearing on the outer side of the thrust disc is cooled, the air in the motor shell takes away the heat generated during the working of the stator and the rotor, the air enters into the expansion end guide through the gap between the bearing seat of the expansion end and the rotor, the expansion end radial bearing is cooled, and the air brings the heat inside the compression end and the motor.
5. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 1, wherein: the expansion end sealing structure comprises an expansion end sealing sleeve ring arranged on a rotor between an expansion impeller and an expansion end bearing seat, an expansion end sealing groove matched with the expansion end sealing sleeve ring is arranged on the inner hole wall of the expansion end guide, and the outer edge of the expansion end sealing sleeve ring is inserted in the expansion end sealing groove to form a clearance sealing structure in clearance fit with the expansion end guide.
6. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 5, wherein: the outer end face of the expansion end guide is connected with an expansion end sealing cover plate through a screw, an expansion end sealing groove is formed between the expansion end sealing cover plate and the expansion end guide, the expansion impeller compresses the expansion end sealing lantern ring on the stepped end face of the rotor, and the outer end of the expansion impeller is compressed and fixed through a compression nut arranged on the rotor through threads.
7. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 1, wherein: the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute in an annular mode, the second preheating cavity is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute and close to the expansion volute, the preheating air inlet channel is arranged in the side wall of the expansion volute and close to the air inlet of the expansion end, the preheating air inlet channel and the preheating air outlet channel are arranged on two opposite sides of the second preheating cavity, and the preheating air outlet channel is communicated with the air outlet of the expansion end.
8. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 1, wherein: the rotor comprises a middle sleeve, magnetic steel is arranged in the middle sleeve, two ends of the magnetic steel are respectively provided with a mandrel, one end outer side of the mandrel, which is close to the magnetic steel, is provided with a compression shaft sleeve, the compression shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the middle sleeve and is used for compressing and fixing the mandrel and the magnetic steel, the compression shaft sleeve and the middle sleeve are made of high-temperature-resistant non-magnetic conductive materials, and the outer surface of the compression shaft sleeve is provided with a wear-resistant coating.
9. The high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device of claim 8, wherein: the magnetic steel is arranged at the middle position inside the middle sleeve, the mandrel at two ends of the magnetic steel and the compression shaft sleeve are symmetrically arranged, the shaft shoulder is arranged on the outer surface of the mandrel, the blocking table is arranged on the inner side of the compression shaft sleeve, the mandrel is connected with the compression shaft sleeve through interference fit press fitting, the compression shaft sleeve is inserted inside the middle sleeve, the compression shaft sleeve is connected with the middle sleeve through interference fit press fitting, the outer edge of the joint is welded and fixed, the mandrel is flush with the end face of the compression shaft sleeve, close to the magnetic steel, and is in contact fit with the end face of the magnetic steel, and a plurality of annular grooves for reducing weight are formed in the outer surface of the end, far away from the magnetic steel, of the mandrel.
CN202211172347.5A 2022-09-26 2022-09-26 High-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated device Active CN115434928B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001234706A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-31 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd High speed motor driven compression/expansion apparatus
CN111211631A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-05-29 卧龙电气(上海)中央研究院有限公司 High-speed permanent magnet motor rotor
CN211127351U (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-07-28 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Rotor structure and magnetic suspension motor with same
CN212407063U (en) * 2020-07-03 2021-01-26 上海优社动力科技有限公司 Centrifugal compressor
CN113027789A (en) * 2020-04-20 2021-06-25 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Gas suspension compressor and refrigeration equipment
CN114838005A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-02 河北金士顿科技有限责任公司 Air compressor machine air-cooling structure and air compressor machine
CN114876824A (en) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-09 烟台东德实业有限公司 Air cooling structure of high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001234706A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-31 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd High speed motor driven compression/expansion apparatus
CN211127351U (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-07-28 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Rotor structure and magnetic suspension motor with same
CN111211631A (en) * 2020-03-05 2020-05-29 卧龙电气(上海)中央研究院有限公司 High-speed permanent magnet motor rotor
CN113027789A (en) * 2020-04-20 2021-06-25 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Gas suspension compressor and refrigeration equipment
CN212407063U (en) * 2020-07-03 2021-01-26 上海优社动力科技有限公司 Centrifugal compressor
CN114876824A (en) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-09 烟台东德实业有限公司 Air cooling structure of high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated system
CN114838005A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-02 河北金士顿科技有限责任公司 Air compressor machine air-cooling structure and air compressor machine

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