CN115434641A - Miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of drilling equipment, and particularly discloses a mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine, aiming at solving the problem that the existing variable-diameter drilling machine is large in energy consumption. According to the miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine, the rotating shaft assembly and the rotating shaft driving mechanism are designed, the telescopic state of the radial drill bit is switched through forward and reverse rotation of the inner rotating shaft, the diameter change of the drill bit is realized, the pulling resistance of the drill bit is improved, and the manpower and time loss for replacing the drill bit is reduced; the power of the slurry is transmitted to the reducing mechanism by utilizing the electromagnetic principle, so that compared with the drilling machines of the same type, the energy consumption of the drill bit in the reducing process is reduced, and the diameter change of the drill bit is remotely controlled on the ground; in addition, a bidirectional drill bit self-locking mechanism is designed, so that the drill bit is self-locked under the maximum or minimum diameter, additional self-locking power is not needed, and the energy consumption of the drilling machine is reduced; the underground signal law is measured through sensors such as rotating speed, torque and temperature, the mud pulse technology is utilized to transmit signals, underground drilling state monitoring is achieved, accurate driller of workers is facilitated, damaged drill bits are replaced in time, and drilling efficiency is improved.

Description

Miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of drilling equipment, and particularly relates to a miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine.

Background

The micro pile is a cast-in-place pile manufactured by drilling, adding strong reinforcing bars, pressure grouting and other construction processes, has the advantages of high bearing capacity, small settling volume and the like, and is widely applied to the construction of pile foundations in multiple fields.

At present, a mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine is generally adopted to construct a pile hole of a mini-pile. The existing mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine mostly adopts a single-diameter drill bit to drill holes, but because the friction force between the drill bit and a rock wall can form axial resistance, the single-diameter drill bit has poor pulling resistance when working underground; and the pulling resistance of the drill bit is improved by replacing drill bits with different diameters, so that the time cost is increased, and the drilling efficiency is reduced.

Therefore, the variable-diameter drilling machine is researched and developed by people, and adopts a rod piece sliding block, a guide rail sliding block, a spiral transmission and other variable-diameter structures, and hydraulic pressure, air pressure, motor power or the like is additionally added to serve as variable-diameter power. For example: the utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent that the bulletin number of authorizing is CN211950316U just discloses a rig is dug soon in digital variable footpath, and the unit head is installed to the flexible arm end of its telescopic drilling rod, and the digital drilling tool in variable footpath of unit head output installation installs cable reel, degree of depth detection sensor and hose reel on the fixed arm of telescopic drilling rod, installs footage detection sensor and hydrovalve in the digital drilling tool in the variable footpath, and barrel type drilling tool is installed to the lower part.

Although the variable-diameter drilling machine adopts hydraulic pressure, air pressure or motor power and the like as the variable-diameter power to change the diameter of the drill bit, the defects that the traditional mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine needs drilling tools with various apertures and the drilling tools need to be replaced manually are effectively overcome, the hydraulic pressure, the air pressure or the motor power and the like are also used as self-locking power to ensure that the drilling tools after diameter changing realize self-locking, so that the energy consumption of equipment drilling is greatly increased, and the variable-diameter drilling machine is not suitable for being used in regions with power resources shortage, such as mountainous regions, plateaus and the like.

Meanwhile, the existing mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine can realize stable drilling on the well bottom and meet the corresponding size requirement; but the functions of underground drilling quality evaluation, drill bit service life prediction and the like are lacked, and the accurate driller and hole forming efficiency of workers are seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine, and aims to solve the problem that an existing variable-diameter drilling machine is large in energy consumption.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the mini-pile pore-forming drilling machine comprises a drill rod assembly, wherein the drill rod assembly comprises a drill rod main body, a radial drill bit is movably arranged on the drill rod main body, a reducing mechanism in transmission connection with the radial drill bit is arranged in the drill rod main body, and the reducing mechanism can drive the radial drill bit to extend out of and retract into the side wall of the drill rod main body;

a rotating shaft cavity is arranged in the drill rod main body, a rotating shaft assembly is arranged in the rotating shaft cavity, and the rotating shaft assembly comprises an inner rotating shaft which is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft cavity;

a rotating shaft driving mechanism capable of driving the inner rotating shaft to rotate is arranged in the drill rod main body;

a self-locking cavity is further formed in the drill rod main body, a drill bit self-locking mechanism is arranged in the self-locking cavity, the drill bit self-locking mechanism comprises a guide shaft in transmission connection with the inner rotating shaft, and a nut clamping piece is in threaded connection with the guide shaft;

a first anti-rotation component is arranged on the upper side of the nut clamping piece, is fixedly arranged in the self-locking cavity and is in rotating fit with the guide shaft, and can be in matched connection with the nut clamping piece and transmit torque;

a second anti-rotation component is arranged on the lower side of the nut clamping piece, is fixedly arranged in the self-locking cavity and is in rotating fit with the guide shaft, and can be in matched connection with the nut clamping piece and transmit torque;

the first anti-rotation component and/or the second anti-rotation component are/is provided with an axial guide rod, and the axial guide rod is in sliding fit with the nut clamping piece;

the diameter changing mechanism is a rotary driving mechanism and is in transmission connection with the inner rotating shaft and/or the guide shaft;

when the inner rotating shaft rotates forwards, the reducing mechanism drives the radial drill bit to change from a retraction state to an extension state, the nut clamping piece moves axially along the guide shaft under the action of the threads, and the state of the nut clamping piece matched and connected with the first anti-rotation component is changed into the state of the nut clamping piece matched and connected with the second anti-rotation component or the state of the nut clamping piece matched and connected with the second anti-rotation component is changed into the state of the nut clamping piece matched and connected with the first anti-rotation component;

when the inner rotary shaft rotates reversely, the reducing mechanism drives the radial drill bit to be changed into a retraction state from a stretching state, the nut clamping piece moves axially along the guide shaft under the action of the threads, the state of being connected with the second anti-rotation component in a matched mode is changed into the state of being connected with the first anti-rotation component in a matched mode, or the state of being connected with the first anti-rotation component in a matched mode is changed into the state of being connected with the second anti-rotation component in a matched mode.

Furthermore, the first rotation-preventing component comprises a first ratchet wheel which is in rotation fit with the guide shaft, and a first pawl which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the self-locking cavity and is matched with the first ratchet wheel; the lower part of the first ratchet wheel is provided with a first clamping piece groove which can be matched and connected with the nut clamping piece;

the second rotation-preventing component comprises a second ratchet wheel which is in rotating fit with the guide shaft and a second pawl which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the self-locking cavity and is matched with the second ratchet wheel; the upper part of the second ratchet wheel is provided with a second clamping piece groove which can be matched and connected with the nut clamping piece;

the first ratchet wheel and the second ratchet wheel can rotate in opposite directions, and the axial guide rod is arranged on the first ratchet wheel and/or the second ratchet wheel.

Furthermore, the micro pile hole-forming drilling machine also comprises a power supply;

a mud cavity is also arranged in the drill rod main body and is positioned at the upper side of the rotating shaft cavity;

the rotating shaft assembly also comprises an outer rotating shaft; the outer rotating shaft is sleeved outside the inner rotating shaft and rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft cavity, a second section of a slurry channel is formed between the outer wall surface of the outer rotating shaft and the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft cavity, and the upper end of the second section of the slurry channel is communicated with the slurry cavity through a third section of the slurry channel;

the rotating shaft driving mechanism comprises a coil wound on the inner rotating shaft and a permanent magnet arranged on the outer rotating shaft;

the coil is electrically connected with a power supply through a coil electric controller, and the coil electric controller comprises a main switch and an electrode change-over switch;

the permanent magnets are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer rotating shaft and correspond to the coils;

the outer rotating shaft is also provided with a helical blade, and the helical blade is positioned in the second section of the slurry channel;

the self-locking cavity is located on the lower side of the rotating shaft cavity, a first section of the slurry channel is arranged in the side wall of the self-locking cavity, the lower end of the first section of the slurry channel is located on the bottom end face of the drill rod main body, and the upper end of the first section of the slurry channel is communicated with the lower end of the second section of the slurry channel.

Further, the drill rod main body comprises a first section of a drill rod, a second section of the drill rod, a third section of the drill rod, a fourth section of the drill rod and a fifth section of the drill rod which are sequentially connected together in a threaded manner from bottom to top;

the radial drill bit is arranged on the first section of the drill rod, the self-locking cavity is arranged in the first section of the drill rod, the rotating shaft cavity is arranged in the second section of the drill rod, the third section of the slurry channel is arranged in the third section of the drill rod, and the slurry cavity is arranged in the fourth section of the drill rod and the fifth section of the drill rod.

Furthermore, the diameter changing mechanism is a mechanical iris mechanism and comprises a guide seat and a driving plate;

the guide seat is arranged in the drill rod main body, radial guide grooves which are in one-to-one correspondence with the radial drill bits are formed in the guide seat, and the radial guide grooves are arranged along the radial direction of the drill rod main body;

the driving plate is rotatably arranged in the drill rod main body and is in transmission connection with the guide shaft; the driving plate is provided with arc-shaped guide grooves which correspond to the radial drill bits one by one, and the inner ends of the arc-shaped guide grooves are closer to the axial lead of the drill rod main body than the outer ends of the arc-shaped guide grooves;

the radial drill bit is provided with a radial guide rod extending into the radial guide groove and a driving guide rod extending into the arc guide groove;

when the inner rotary shaft rotates forwards, the guide shaft and the driving plate are driven to rotate forwards together, so that the inner side wall of the arc-shaped guide groove extrudes the driving guide rod outwards to drive the radial drill bit to move outwards, meanwhile, the radial guide groove guides the radial guide rod to enable the radial drill bit to extend out along the radial direction of the drill rod main body, and after the radial guide rod moves from the inner end of the radial guide groove to the outer end of the radial guide groove, the radial drill bit is changed from a retraction state to an extension state;

when the internal rotor reversal, can drive guiding axle and drive plate reversal together for the lateral wall of arc guide way extrudees the drive guide arm inwards and moves inwards in order to drive radial drill bit, and radial guide way leads to radial guide pole simultaneously and makes radial drill bit follow the radial retraction of drilling rod main part, treats radial guide pole and moves to the inner back of radial guide way by the outer end of radial guide way, even make radial drill bit become the retraction state from the state of stretching out.

Furthermore, the driving plate is arranged in the self-locking cavity, is positioned on the upper side of the radial drill bit and is in transmission connection with the lower end of the guide shaft;

the guide seat is arranged at the lower side of the radial drill bit.

Furthermore, the micro pile hole-forming drilling machine also comprises a monitoring system, signal processing equipment and control equipment;

the monitoring system comprises a rotating speed sensor, a torque sensor, a temperature sensor and an ultrasonic sensor, wherein the rotating speed sensor, the torque sensor, the temperature sensor and the ultrasonic sensor are all arranged in the drill rod main body and are respectively in communication connection with signal processing equipment, and the coil electric controller and the signal processing equipment are respectively in communication connection with control equipment.

Furthermore, the monitoring system also comprises an overcurrent control mechanism, wherein the overcurrent control mechanism comprises a first rotor, a second rotor and a rotor driving motor;

the first rotor is arranged on the outer rotating shaft, and a first overflowing gap is formed between the first rotor and the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft cavity;

the second rotor is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the rotating shaft cavity, and a flow baffle plate is arranged on the second rotor and shields the first overflowing gap part;

the rotor driving motor is arranged in the drill rod main body, is in transmission connection with the second rotor and is in communication connection with the control equipment.

Furthermore, an annular electric appliance cavity is arranged in the side wall of the rotating shaft cavity;

the rotating speed sensor, the torque sensor, the temperature sensor, the ultrasonic sensor and the rotor driving motor are all arranged in the electric appliance cavity;

the edge of the second rotor is provided with an outer toothed ring which extends into the cavity of the electric appliance;

the number of the rotor driving motors is at least two, and the rotor driving motors are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second rotor;

the output end of the rotor driving motor is provided with a driving gear, and the driving gear is meshed with the outer gear ring.

Furthermore, the miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine also comprises a frame, a drill rod lifting mechanism and an angle regulating mechanism;

the bottom of the frame is provided with a crawler-type conveying mechanism;

the drill rod lifting mechanism comprises a mast and a lifting assembly; the mast is arranged on the frame, and the lower end of the mast is hinged with the frame; the lifting component is arranged on the mast, and a lifting driving part of the lifting component is matched and connected with the drill rod assembly;

the angle regulating mechanism comprises a telescopic piece; the telescopic piece is obliquely arranged, the upper end of the telescopic piece is hinged with the mast, and the lower end of the telescopic piece is hinged with the rack.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The diameter-changing mechanism of the micro pile hole-forming drilling machine is a rotary driving mechanism, and the telescopic state of a radial drill bit can be switched by driving the diameter-changing mechanism by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of an inner rotating shaft, so that the diameter changing of the drill bit is realized; meanwhile, a self-locking mechanism mainly composed of a guide shaft, a nut clamping piece, a first anti-rotation component and a second anti-rotation component is arranged in the self-locking cavity, when the guide shaft rotates forwards and backwards along with the inner rotating shaft, the nut clamping piece can move axially along the guide shaft under the action of threads, and then when the radial drill bit is located at a retraction limit position or an extension limit position, the nut clamping piece is matched and connected with the first anti-rotation component or the second anti-rotation component and transmits torque, so that the drill bit can form self-locking at the maximum or minimum diameter, stable cutting under different terraces is realized, the pulling resistance of the drill bit is improved, the drill bit does not need to be replaced, and the labor cost is not increased; in addition, the self-locking mechanism is of a pure mechanical structure, additional self-locking power such as hydraulic pressure, air pressure or motor power is not needed, energy consumption of the drilling machine is reduced, and the drilling machine is suitable for being used in mountainous regions, plateaus and other regions with power resource shortage.

(2) Through a rotating shaft assembly mainly comprising an inner rotating shaft and an outer rotating shaft with helical blades and a rotating shaft driving mechanism mainly comprising a coil and a permanent magnet, the helical blades can be impacted by slurry passing through the second section of a slurry channel to drive the outer rotating shaft and the permanent magnet to rotate, and meanwhile, the coil and a power supply form a power-on loop through a coil electric controller, so that the inner rotating shaft can become an electromagnet and the rotating permanent magnet can generate periodic force on the electromagnet to realize the rotation of the inner rotating shaft, thereby providing reducing power for the reducing mechanism; moreover, the positive and negative electrodes of the coil can be switched by the coil electric controller, so that the positive and negative rotation switching control of the inner rotating shaft is realized, and the change of the diameter of the underground drill bit under the ground remote control is facilitated; in addition, the rotating shaft driving mechanism utilizes slurry power to enable the permanent magnet to rotate, so that compared with the existing variable-diameter drilling machine, the energy consumption of the drill bit in the variable-diameter process is reduced.

(3) Through setting up the monitoring system who mainly comprises speed sensor, torque sensor, temperature sensor and ultrasonic sensor, can measure rotational speed, moment of torsion, temperature, degree of depth, straightness isoparametric in the pit for subaerial acquisition downhole drill's state parameter and pore-forming quality parameter realize along with boring the survey, be convenient for aboveground constructor according to measured data driller, change the drill bit on time, do benefit to and improve drilling efficiency and quality.

(4) The miniature pile hole-forming drilling machine can transmit signals in a slurry pulse mode, and can enable the first rotor to rotate along with the outer rotating shaft when the transmitted signals are stable through an overflow control mechanism mainly consisting of the first rotor, the second rotor and a rotor driving motor, and the second rotor drives the flow baffle to rotate under the driving action of the rotor driving motor and keeps a constant overflow area with the first rotor; when transmission signals fluctuate, the rotor driving motor changes the driving rotating speed of the second rotor under the control of the control equipment, the degree of shielding the first overflowing gap is changed to change the overflowing area, therefore, slurry pressure pulsation is generated, finally, signal processing can be carried out on the detected pressure change through the signal processing equipment, and a corresponding change curve is obtained, so that the drilling parameters can be adjusted.

(5) The frame with the crawler-type conveying mechanism is arranged, so that the mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine is suitable for complex terrains such as mountains and plateaus; the drill rod main body is arranged to be a structure mainly composed of the first section of the drill rod, the second section of the drill rod, the third section of the drill rod, the fourth section of the drill rod and the fifth section of the drill rod, so that the drill is convenient to disassemble and transport.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at P;

FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the first anti-rotation assembly;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the second anti-rotation component;

labeled as: the ultrasonic lift control system comprises a drill rod assembly 1, a drill rod main body 11, a radial drill bit 111, a radial guide rod 1111, a drive guide rod 1112, a rotating shaft cavity 112, a second mud channel segment 1121, an electrical device cavity 1122, a rotating shaft assembly 113, an inner rotating shaft 1131, an outer rotating shaft 1132, a helical blade 1133, a self-locking cavity 114, a first mud channel segment 1141, an axial guide rod 1142, a drill bit self-locking mechanism 115, a guide shaft 1151, a nut clamp 1152, a coupling 1153, a first ratchet 1154, a first clamp groove 1155, a first pawl 1156, a second ratchet 1157, a second clamp groove 1158, a second pawl 1159, a mud cavity 116, a third mud channel segment 1, a rotating shaft drive mechanism 117, a coil 1171, a permanent magnet 1172, a first drill rod segment 1181, a second drill rod segment 1182, a third drill rod segment 1183, a fourth drill rod segment 1184, a fifth drill rod segment 1185, a centralizer 119, a guide seat 121, a radial guide groove 1211, a drive plate 122, an arc-shaped guide groove 1221, a power supply 2, a power supply module 21, a rotational speed sensor 351, a rotational speed sensor 3531, a rotational speed sensor 3532, a drill rod lifting torque sensor 355, a lifting control motor drive unit 3531, a lifting control unit, a crawler-type lift control unit, a lifting control mechanism 41, a crawler-type lifting and a crawler-type lifting control mechanism 41, a crawler-based signal processing unit, a lifting and a crawler-type lifting control unit, a crawler-motor drive unit 41, a crawler-motor drive unit 41, a lifting control unit lift control unit 41, a lifting control unit, a crawler-motor drive mechanism 41, a lifting control unit ad a crawler-motor drive mechanism 41, a lifting control unit.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "bottom", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or component must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the term "plurality" means two or more; the expression "mainly comprises or consists of 8230% \8230A, which is interpreted as possibly including structural elements not described in the sentence; "and/or" is only an association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three relationships, for example: a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the micropile hole-forming drill includes a drill rod assembly 1, the drill rod assembly 1 includes a drill rod main body 11, and a radial drill 111 is movably disposed on the drill rod main body 11; the number of the radial drill bits 111 is usually at least two and is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the drill rod body 11; for example: in the embodiment of fig. 4, the radial drill bits 111 are six evenly distributed;

a reducing mechanism in transmission connection with the radial bit 111 is arranged in the drill rod main body 11, and the reducing mechanism can drive the radial bit 111 to extend out of and retract into the side wall of the drill rod main body 11;

a rotating shaft cavity 112 is formed in the drill rod main body 11, a rotating shaft assembly 113 is arranged in the rotating shaft cavity 112, and the rotating shaft assembly 113 comprises an inner rotating shaft 1131 which is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft cavity 112;

a rotating shaft driving mechanism 117 capable of driving the inner rotating shaft 1131 to rotate is arranged in the drill rod main body 11;

a self-locking cavity 114 is further arranged in the drill rod main body 11, a drill bit self-locking mechanism 115 is arranged in the self-locking cavity 114, the drill bit self-locking mechanism 115 comprises a guide shaft 1151 in transmission connection with the inner rotating shaft 1131, and a nut clamping piece 1152 is in threaded connection with the guide shaft 1151;

a first anti-rotation component is arranged on the upper side of the nut clamping piece 1152, is fixedly arranged in the self-locking cavity 114 and is in rotating fit with the guide shaft 1151, and can be in matched connection with the nut clamping piece 1152 and transmit torque;

a second anti-rotation component is arranged on the lower side of the nut clamping piece 1152, is fixedly arranged in the self-locking cavity 114 and is in rotating fit with the guide shaft 1151, and can be in matched connection with the nut clamping piece 1152 and transmit torque;

an axial guide rod 1142 is arranged on the first anti-rotation component and/or the second anti-rotation component, and the axial guide rod 1142 is in sliding fit with the nut clamping piece 1152;

the reducing mechanism is a rotary driving mechanism and is in transmission connection with the inner rotating shaft 1131 and/or the guide shaft 1151; the reducing mechanism can be various, such as: a screw transmission type reducing mechanism, a gear rack transmission type reducing mechanism, a mechanical iris mechanism and the like;

when the inner rotary shaft 1131 rotates forwards, the reducing mechanism drives the radial drill 111 to change from a retraction state to an extension state, and the nut clamping piece 1152 moves axially along the guide shaft 1151 under the action of the threads, and changes from a state of being connected with the first anti-rotation component in a matched manner to a state of being connected with the second anti-rotation component in a matched manner, or changes from the state of being connected with the second anti-rotation component in a matched manner to the state of being connected with the first anti-rotation component in a matched manner;

when the inner rotating shaft 1131 rotates reversely, the reducing mechanism drives the radial drill 111 to change from the extending state to the retracting state, and the nut clamping piece 1152 moves axially along the guide shaft 1151 under the action of the threads, so that the state of being matched and connected with the second anti-rotation component is changed into the state of being matched and connected with the first anti-rotation component, or the state of being matched and connected with the first anti-rotation component is changed into the state of being matched and connected with the second anti-rotation component.

The micro pile hole-forming drilling machine is mainly used for micro pile hole forming and is suitable for drilling pile foundation holes with the diameter not more than 600 mm; the drilling tool is particularly suitable for drilling pile foundation holes with the diameter of 600mm, the depth of 10m and composite rock stratum.

The reducing mechanism of the mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine is a rotary driving mechanism, and the telescopic state of the radial drill bit 111 can be switched by driving the reducing mechanism by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the inner rotating shaft 1131, so that the reducing of the drill bit is realized; meanwhile, the self-locking mechanism 115 mainly composed of the guide shaft 1151, the nut clamping piece 1152, the first anti-rotation component and the second anti-rotation component is arranged in the self-locking cavity 114, so that the nut clamping piece 1152 can move axially along the guide shaft 1151 under the action of threads when the guide shaft 1151 rotates forwards and backwards along with the inner rotating shaft 1131, and further when the radial drill bit 111 is located at a retraction limit position or an extension limit position, the nut clamping piece 1152 is matched and connected with the first anti-rotation component or the second anti-rotation component and transmits torque, so that the drill bit forms self-locking under the maximum or minimum diameter, stable cutting under different rock strata is realized, the anti-pulling capacity of the drill bit is improved, the drill bit does not need to be replaced, and the labor cost is not increased; in addition, the self-locking mechanism is of a pure mechanical structure, additional self-locking power such as hydraulic pressure, air pressure or motor power is not needed, energy consumption of the drilling machine is reduced, and the drilling machine is suitable for being used in mountainous regions, plateaus and other regions with power resource shortage.

Wherein, the forward rotation direction of the inner rotating shaft 1131 may be a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction; the direction in which inner rotary shaft 1131 rotates in the reverse direction is opposite to the direction in which it rotates in the forward direction. The direction of movement of the nut runner 1152 when the inner rotary shaft 1131 rotates forward is opposite to the direction of movement of the nut runner 1152 when the inner rotary shaft 1131 rotates backward.

The drill bit self-locking mechanism 115 is mainly used for realizing self-locking of the drill bit under the maximum or minimum diameter; a guide shaft 1151 of the nut clamping piece is mainly used for rotating and enabling the nut clamping piece 1152 to move up and down by utilizing threads so as to carry out self-locking; guide shaft 1151 is typically drivingly connected to inner shaft 1131 via coupling 1153.

The first and second anti-rotation components are mainly used for preventing the inner rotary shaft 1131 from rotating continuously relative to the drill rod body 11 when the radial drill bit 111 is in the retracted limit position or the extended limit position; the first and second anti-rotation components can be of various types, for example: stops, baffles, and the like.

In order to secure the rotation prevention effect and facilitate the assembly, as shown in fig. 2, 5 and 6 in combination, the first rotation prevention assembly includes a first ratchet 1154 rotatably engaged with the guide shaft 1151, and a first pawl 1156 fixedly provided on the inner wall of the self-locking chamber 114 and engaged with the first ratchet 1154; a first clamping piece groove 1155 which can be matched and connected with the nut clamping piece 1152 is formed in the lower portion of the first ratchet wheel 1154;

the second rotation-preventing assembly includes a second ratchet 1157 rotatably engaged with the guide shaft 1151, and a second pawl 1159 fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the self-locking chamber 114 and engaged with the second ratchet 1157; a second clamping piece groove 1158 which can be matched and connected with the nut clamping piece 1152 is formed in the upper portion of the second ratchet wheel 1157;

first ratchet 1154 may be rotated in the opposite direction as second ratchet 1157, and axial guide 1142 may be disposed on first ratchet 1154 and/or second ratchet 1157.

The mounting combination mode for realizing self-locking of the drill bit by the first anti-rotation component and the second anti-rotation component of the ratchet mechanism can be various, wherein the self-locking process of one mode is as follows: the inner rotating shaft 1131 drives the guide shaft 1151 to rotate forwards, and the nut clamping piece 1152 moves linearly downwards along the guide shaft 1151 under the action of thread transmission; when the nut clamping piece 1152 moves to be matched with the second clamping piece groove 1158, the drill reaches the maximum diameter, self-locking is realized under the action of the ratchet mechanism, and the diameter of the drill is ensured to be unchanged when the drill cuts rock strata with different hardness; when drilling finishes the back and needs the lifting drill bit, interior pivot 1131 drives guiding axle 1151 reversal for nut fastener 1152 upward movement, when nut fastener 1152 moved to with first fastener groove 1155 cooperation, the drill bit reached minimum diameter and realized the auto-lock, guaranteed to carry the brill fast. Because the first ratchet 1154 and the second ratchet 1157 can rotate in opposite directions, the variable diameter drill bit can be subjected to bidirectional self-locking.

In order to facilitate the nut clip 1152 to be matched with the first clip groove 1155 or the second clip groove 1158 and achieve a good torque transmission effect, and to ensure the structural strength and the service life of the component, it is preferable to provide an external spline structure on the outer wall of the nut clip 1152, so that the first clip groove 1155 and the second clip groove 1158 are both grooves having an internal spline structure, as shown in fig. 5 and 6.

On the basis of the above, in order to effectively guide the nut runner 1152, an axial guide 1142 passing through the key body of the external spline structure is generally provided in each key groove of the internal spline structure.

The rotating shaft driving mechanism 117 is mainly used for driving the inner rotating shaft 1131 to rotate forward and backward so as to provide reducing power; it can be various, for example: rotating cylinders, motors, etc.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the micropile hole-forming drill further includes a power source 2;

a mud cavity 116 is further arranged in the drill rod main body 11, and the mud cavity 116 is positioned on the upper side of the rotating shaft cavity 112;

the spindle assembly 113 further includes an outer spindle 1132; the outer rotating shaft 1132 is sleeved outside the inner rotating shaft 1131 and is rotatably disposed in the rotating shaft cavity 112, a second slurry channel segment 1121 is formed between the outer wall surface of the outer rotating shaft 1132 and the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft cavity 112, and the upper end of the second slurry channel segment 1121 is communicated with the slurry cavity 116 through the third slurry channel segment 1161;

the rotating shaft driving mechanism comprises a coil 1171 wound on the inner rotating shaft 1131 and a permanent magnet 1172 arranged on the outer rotating shaft 1132;

the coil 1171 is electrically connected with the power supply 2 through a coil electric controller, and the coil electric controller comprises a main switch and an electrode change-over switch;

permanent magnets 1172 are distributed along the circumferential direction of outer shaft 1132 and correspond to coils 1171;

the outer shaft 1132 is also provided with helical blades 1133, and the helical blades 1133 are positioned in the second section 1121 of the slurry channel;

the self-locking cavity 114 is located on the lower side of the rotating shaft cavity 112, a first slurry channel section 1141 is arranged in the side wall of the self-locking cavity 114, the lower end of the first slurry channel section 1141 is located on the bottom end face of the drill rod main body 11, and the upper end of the first slurry channel section 1141 is communicated with the lower end of the second slurry channel section 1121.

Through the rotating shaft assembly 113 mainly composed of the inner rotating shaft 1131 and the outer rotating shaft 1132 with the spiral blades 1133 and the rotating shaft driving mechanism 117 mainly composed of the coil 1171 and the permanent magnet 1172, the mud passing through the second section 1121 of the mud channel can impact the spiral blades 1133 to drive the outer rotating shaft 1132 and the permanent magnet 1172 to rotate, and meanwhile, the coil 1171 and the power supply 2 form a power-on loop through the electric controller of the coil, so that the inner rotating shaft 1131 can become an electromagnet, and the rotating permanent magnet 1172 generates periodic force action on the electromagnet to realize the rotation of the inner rotating shaft 1131, thereby providing variable diameter power for the variable diameter mechanism; moreover, the positive and negative poles of the coil 1171 can be switched through the coil electric controller, so that the positive and negative rotation switching control of the inner rotating shaft 1131 is realized, and the change of the diameter of the underground drill bit under the remote control on the ground is facilitated; in addition, because the rotating shaft driving mechanism 117 utilizes the slurry power to rotate the permanent magnet 1172, compared with the existing variable-diameter drilling machine, the energy consumption of the drill bit in the variable-diameter process is reduced. In addition, the first slurry channel section 1141, the second slurry channel section 1121, the third slurry channel section 1161 and the slurry cavity 116 which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top can utilize internal circulation of slurry to remove slag for cooling, so that cooling and chip removal of the micro pile hole-forming drilling machine are realized.

In order to facilitate the disassembly and transportation of the drilling machine, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the drill rod main body 11 includes a first drill rod section 1181, a second drill rod section 1182, a third drill rod section 1183, a fourth drill rod section 1184 and a fifth drill rod section 1185 which are sequentially connected together in a threaded manner from bottom to top;

the radial drill bit 111 is arranged on the first section 1181 of the drill rod, the self-locking cavity 114 is arranged in the first section 1181 of the drill rod, the rotating shaft cavity 112 is arranged in the second section 1182 of the drill rod, the third section 1161 of the slurry channel is arranged in the third section 1183 of the drill rod, and the slurry cavity 116 is arranged in the fourth section 1184 of the drill rod and the fifth section 1185 of the drill rod.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the reducing mechanism is a mechanical iris mechanism, which includes a guide seat 121 and a driving plate 122;

the guide seat 121 is disposed in the drill rod body 11, and is provided with radial guide grooves 1211 corresponding to the radial drill bits 111 one by one, and the radial guide grooves 1211 are disposed in a radial direction of the drill rod body 11;

the driving plate 122 is rotatably arranged in the drill rod main body 11 and is in transmission connection with the guide shaft 1151; the driving plate 122 is provided with arc-shaped guide grooves 1221 corresponding to the radial drill bits 111 one by one, and the inner ends of the arc-shaped guide grooves 1221 are closer to the axial lead of the drill rod main body 11 than the outer ends thereof;

the radial drill 111 is provided with a radial guide 1111 extending into the radial guide groove 1211, and a drive guide 1112 extending into the arc-shaped guide groove 1221; the radial guide rod 1111 and the driving guide rod 1112 can be in a split structure or can be an upper section and a lower section of a rod;

when the inner rotating shaft 1131 rotates forward, the guide shaft 1151 and the driving plate 122 are driven to rotate forward together, so that the inner side wall of the arc-shaped guide groove 1221 presses the driving guide rod 1112 outwards to drive the radial drill bit 111 to move outwards, meanwhile, the radial guide groove 1211 guides the radial guide rod 1111 to extend out along the radial direction of the drill rod body 11, and after the radial guide rod 1111 moves from the inner end of the radial guide groove 1211 to the outer end of the radial guide groove 1211, the radial drill bit 111 is changed from a retracted state to an extended state;

when inner rotating shaft 1131 rotates reversely, guide shaft 1151 and drive plate 122 are driven to rotate reversely, so that outer side wall of arc-shaped guide groove 1221 presses drive guide 1112 inwards to drive radial drill bit 111 to move inwards, and radial guide groove 1211 guides radial guide 1111 to retract radial drill bit 111 in the radial direction of drill rod body 11, i.e. radial drill bit 111 is changed from the extended state to the retracted state after radial guide 1111 moves from outer end of radial guide groove 1211 to inner end of radial guide groove 1211.

The mechanical iris mechanism is adopted to drive the radial drill bit 111 to realize the diameter change of the drill bit, and has the advantages of compact structure, stable and reliable work, low manufacturing cost, simple operation, convenient disassembly and the like.

On the basis, in order to make the structure of the reducing mechanism more compact, as shown in fig. 2, the driving plate 122 is disposed in the self-locking cavity 114, is located on the upper side of the radial drill 111, and is in transmission connection with the lower end of the guide shaft 1151;

with the pilot holder 121 on the underside of the radial drill bit 111.

In order to improve the diameter-variable range of the radial drill 111, a plurality of guide rod mounting holes are formed in the radial drill 111 and are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the radial drill, and the radial guide 1111 is detachably arranged in one of the guide rod mounting holes.

To prevent the drill rod assembly 1 from cocking, a centralizer 119 is typically provided on the drill rod body 11, as also shown in figures 1 and 2.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, shown in a combination of fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the micropile hole-forming drill further comprises a monitoring system, a signal processing device 4 and a control device;

the monitoring system comprises a rotating speed sensor 31, a torque sensor 32, a temperature sensor 33 and an ultrasonic sensor 34, wherein the rotating speed sensor 31, the torque sensor 32, the temperature sensor 33 and the ultrasonic sensor 34 are all arranged in the drill rod main body 11 and are respectively in communication connection with the signal processing equipment 4, and the coil electric controller and the signal processing equipment 4 are respectively in communication connection with the control equipment. The signal processing device 4 generally comprises a signal processing unit 41 disposed within the drill rod body 11, the signal processing unit 41 typically being electrically connected with various sensors to process and transmit signals.

Through setting up the monitoring system who mainly comprises speed sensor 31, torque sensor 32, temperature sensor 33 and ultrasonic sensor 34, can measure down-hole rotational speed, moment of torsion, temperature, degree of depth, straightness isoparametric for subaerial state parameter and the pore-forming quality parameter that obtains the drill bit in the pit realizes measurement while drilling, and the constructor who is convenient for aboveground drills, changes the drill bit on time according to measured data, does benefit to and improves drilling efficiency and quality.

Wherein, the measuring signal change rule through rotational speed sensor 31 and torque sensor 32 can reflect the drill bit vibration condition in the pit, and the technical means that realizes the reflection of drill bit vibration condition through rotational speed signal and torque signal specifically is prior art, and this is not repeated. The drill bit wear condition can be reflected through the measurement signal change rule of the torque sensor 32 and the temperature sensor 33, and the technical means for realizing the drill bit wear condition reflection through the torque signal and the temperature signal is the prior art and is not repeated herein. The diameter, the depth and the verticality of the drilled hole can be detected by the ultrasonic sensor 34 to reflect the quality of the drilled hole. In addition, the drilling efficiency can be reflected by recording the drilling time and combining with the obtained drilling speed in the drilling process.

The communication connection comprises wired connection and wireless connection; the wired connection mainly comprises a cable, a drill pipe, an optical fiber transmission and the like; the wired connection has high transmission speed and can supply power to underground equipment, but the manufacturing process is complex and the cost is high; the wireless connection mainly comprises electromagnetism, sound waves, drilling fluid pulse transmission and the like; the wireless connection has moderate transmission cost and simple manufacturing process, and the drilling fluid pulse transmission mode is most widely applied at present.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the monitoring system further includes an overcurrent control mechanism 35, where the overcurrent control mechanism 35 includes a first rotor 351, a second rotor 352, and a rotor driving motor 353;

the first rotor 351 is arranged on the outer rotating shaft 1132, and a first overflowing gap is formed between the first rotor and the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft cavity 112;

the second rotor 352 is rotatably disposed on the sidewall of the rotating shaft cavity 112, and a flow blocking plate 3521 is disposed on the second rotor 352, and the flow blocking plate 3521 blocks the first flow passing gap;

the rotor driving motor 353 is arranged in the drill rod body 11, is in transmission connection with the second rotor 352, and is in communication connection with the control device. The power supply 2 generally includes a power module 21 disposed within the drill rod body 11, the power module 21 being electrically connected to each of the sensors and the rotor drive motor 353, respectively, to provide power. The control apparatus generally includes a control unit 81 disposed within the drill rod body 11, the control unit 81 being electrically connected to the rotor drive motor 353 for controlling the same.

The micro pile hole-forming drilling machine preferably adopts a mud pulse mode for signal transmission, and can enable the first rotor 351 to rotate along with the outer shaft 1132 when a transmission signal is stable through the overflow control mechanism 35 mainly composed of the first rotor 351, the second rotor 352 and the rotor driving motor 353, and the second rotor 352 drives the flow baffle plate 3521 to rotate under the driving action of the rotor driving motor 353 and keeps a constant overflow area with the first rotor 351; when the transmission signal fluctuates, the rotor driving motor 353 changes the driving rotating speed of the second rotor 352 under the control of the control equipment, so that the degree of shielding the first overflowing gap is changed to change the overflowing area, thereby generating mud pressure pulsation, and finally, the detected pressure change can be subjected to signal processing through the signal processing equipment 4 to obtain a corresponding change curve so as to be beneficial to adjusting the drilling parameters.

In order to ensure a good overcurrent control effect, it is preferable that at least two baffle plates 3521 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer shaft 1132. For example: in the embodiment of fig. 3, six flow baffles 3521 are uniformly distributed.

In order to facilitate installation and protection of the electrical components, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, an annular electrical cavity 1122 is provided in the side wall of the rotating shaft cavity 112;

the rotation speed sensor 31, the torque sensor 32, the temperature sensor 33, the ultrasonic sensor 34 and the rotor driving motor 353 are all arranged in the electric appliance cavity 1122;

an outer toothed ring 3522 is arranged at the edge of the second rotor 352, and the outer toothed ring 3522 extends into the electric appliance cavity 1122;

at least two rotor driving motors 353 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second rotor 352;

the output end of the rotor driving motor 353 is provided with a driving gear 3531, and the driving gear 3531 is engaged with the outer gear ring 3522.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the micro pile hole-forming drilling machine further comprises a frame 5, a drill rod lifting mechanism 6 and an angle adjusting mechanism;

the bottom of the frame 5 is provided with a crawler-type conveying mechanism 51;

the drill rod lifting mechanism 6 comprises a mast 61 and a lifting assembly 62; the mast 61 is arranged on the frame 5, and the lower end of the mast is hinged with the frame 5; the lifting component 62 is arranged on the mast 61, and the lifting driving part 621 of the lifting component is matched and connected with the drill rod assembly 1;

the angle adjustment mechanism comprises a telescopic member 71; the telescopic member 71 is arranged obliquely, and its upper end is hinged to the mast 61 and its lower end is hinged to the frame 5.

Through setting up frame 5 of taking crawler-type transport mechanism 51, do benefit to and make this miniature stake pore-forming drill adaptation complex topography such as mountain region, plateau. The rod assembly 1 can be driven to ascend or descend by the rod lifting mechanism 6, and the lifting component 62 of the rod lifting mechanism 6 can be various, such as: hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, lead screw drives, and the like. The vertical angle of the mast 61 can be adjusted by the arranged angle adjusting mechanism so as to adapt to different terrains for drilling.

Claims (10)

1. A mini-pile hole-forming drilling machine comprises a drill rod assembly (1), wherein the drill rod assembly (1) comprises a drill rod main body (11), a radial drill bit (111) is movably arranged on the drill rod main body (11), a reducing mechanism in transmission connection with the radial drill bit (111) is arranged in the drill rod main body (11), and the reducing mechanism can drive the radial drill bit (111) to extend out of and retract into the side wall of the drill rod main body (11);

the method is characterized in that: a rotating shaft cavity (112) is arranged in the drill rod main body (11), a rotating shaft assembly (113) is arranged in the rotating shaft cavity (112), and the rotating shaft assembly (113) comprises an inner rotating shaft (1131) which is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft cavity (112);

a rotating shaft driving mechanism (117) capable of driving the inner rotating shaft (1131) to rotate is arranged in the drill rod main body (11);

a self-locking cavity (114) is further arranged in the drill rod main body (11), a drill bit self-locking mechanism (115) is arranged in the self-locking cavity (114), the drill bit self-locking mechanism (115) comprises a guide shaft (1151) in transmission connection with an inner rotating shaft (1131), and a nut clamping piece (1152) is in threaded connection with the guide shaft (1151);

a first anti-rotation component is arranged on the upper side of the nut clamping piece (1152), is fixedly arranged in the self-locking cavity (114) and is in rotating fit with the guide shaft (1151), and can be in matching connection with the nut clamping piece (1152) and transmit torque;

a second anti-rotation component is arranged on the lower side of the nut clamping piece (1152), is fixedly arranged in the self-locking cavity (114) and is in rotating fit with the guide shaft (1151), and can be in matching connection with the nut clamping piece (1152) and transmit torque;

an axial guide rod (1142) is arranged on the first anti-rotation component and/or the second anti-rotation component, and the axial guide rod (1142) is in sliding fit with the nut clamping piece (1152);

the reducing mechanism is a rotary driving mechanism and is in transmission connection with the inner rotating shaft (1131) and/or the guide shaft (1151);

when the inner rotating shaft (1131) rotates forwards, the reducing mechanism drives the radial drill bit (111) to change from a retraction state to an extension state, and the nut clamping piece (1152) moves axially along the guide shaft (1151) under the action of threads, and changes from a state of being connected with the first anti-rotation component in a matched mode to a state of being connected with the second anti-rotation component in a matched mode, or changes from the state of being connected with the second anti-rotation component in a matched mode to the state of being connected with the first anti-rotation component in a matched mode;

when the inner rotating shaft (1131) rotates reversely, the reducing mechanism drives the radial drill bit (111) to change from an extending state to a retracting state, the nut clamping piece (1152) moves axially along the guide shaft (1151) under the action of the threads, and the state of being matched and connected with the second anti-rotating component is changed into the state of being matched and connected with the first anti-rotating component, or the state of being matched and connected with the first anti-rotating component is changed into the state of being matched and connected with the second anti-rotating component.

2. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 1, wherein: the first anti-rotation component comprises a first ratchet wheel (1154) which is in rotating fit with the guide shaft (1151) and a first pawl (1156) which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the self-locking cavity (114) and is matched with the first ratchet wheel (1154); the lower part of the first ratchet wheel (1154) is provided with a first clamping piece groove (1155) which can be matched and connected with the nut clamping piece (1152);

the second anti-rotation component comprises a second ratchet wheel (1157) which is in rotating fit with the guide shaft (1151) and a second pawl (1159) which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the self-locking cavity (114) and is matched with the second ratchet wheel (1157); the upper part of the second ratchet wheel (1157) is provided with a second clamping piece groove (1158) which can be matched and connected with the nut clamping piece (1152);

the first ratchet (1154) is rotatable in an opposite direction to the second ratchet (1157), and the axial guide (1142) is disposed on the first ratchet (1154) and/or the second ratchet (1157).

3. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 1, wherein: also comprises a power supply (2);

a mud cavity (116) is also arranged in the drill rod main body (11), and the mud cavity (116) is positioned on the upper side of the rotating shaft cavity (112);

the rotating shaft assembly (113) further comprises an outer rotating shaft (1132); the outer rotating shaft (1132) is sleeved outside the inner rotating shaft (1131) and is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft cavity (112), a second slurry channel section (1121) is formed between the outer wall surface of the outer rotating shaft (1132) and the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft cavity (112), and the upper end of the second slurry channel section (1121) is communicated with the slurry cavity (116) through the third slurry channel section (1161);

the rotating shaft driving mechanism comprises a coil (1171) wound on the inner rotating shaft (1131) and a permanent magnet (1172) arranged on the outer rotating shaft (1132);

the coil (1171) is electrically connected with the power supply (2) through a coil electric controller, and the coil electric controller comprises a main switch and an electrode change-over switch;

the permanent magnets (1172) are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer rotating shaft (1132) and correspond to the coils (1171);

the outer rotating shaft (1132) is also provided with a spiral blade (1133), and the spiral blade (1133) is positioned in the second section (1121) of the slurry channel;

the self-locking cavity (114) is located on the lower side of the rotating shaft cavity (112), a first section (1141) of a slurry channel is arranged in the side wall of the self-locking cavity (114), the lower end of the first section (1141) of the slurry channel is located on the bottom end face of the drill rod main body (11), and the upper end of the first section (1141) of the slurry channel is communicated with the lower end of the second section (1121) of the slurry channel.

4. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 3, wherein: the drill rod main body (11) comprises a first drill rod section (1181), a second drill rod section (1182), a third drill rod section (1183), a fourth drill rod section (1184) and a fifth drill rod section (1185) which are sequentially connected together in a threaded manner from bottom to top;

the radial drill bit (111) is arranged on the first section (1181) of the drill rod, the self-locking cavity (114) is arranged in the first section (1181) of the drill rod, the rotating shaft cavity (112) is arranged in the second section (1182) of the drill rod, the third section (1161) of the slurry channel is arranged in the third section (1183) of the drill rod, and the slurry cavity (116) is arranged in the fourth section (1184) of the drill rod and the fifth section (1185) of the drill rod.

5. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 3, wherein: the reducing mechanism is a mechanical iris mechanism and comprises a guide seat (121) and a driving plate (122);

the guide seat (121) is arranged in the drill rod body (11), radial guide grooves (1211) corresponding to the radial drill bits (111) one by one are formed in the guide seat, and the radial guide grooves (1211) are arranged along the radial direction of the drill rod body (11);

the driving plate (122) is rotatably arranged in the drill rod main body (11) and is in transmission connection with the guide shaft (1151); the driving plate (122) is provided with arc-shaped guide grooves (1221) which correspond to the radial drill bits (111) one by one, and the inner ends of the arc-shaped guide grooves (1221) are closer to the axial lead of the drill rod main body (11) than the outer ends of the arc-shaped guide grooves;

the radial drill bit (111) is provided with a radial guide rod (1111) extending into the radial guide groove (1211) and a drive guide rod (1112) extending into the arc-shaped guide groove (1221);

when the inner rotating shaft (1131) rotates forwards, the guide shaft (1151) and the drive plate (122) are driven to rotate forwards together, so that the inner side wall of the arc-shaped guide groove (1221) outwards presses the drive guide rod (1112) to drive the radial drill bit (111) to move outwards, meanwhile, the radial guide groove (1211) guides the radial guide rod (1111) to enable the radial drill bit (111) to extend out along the radial direction of the drill rod main body (11), and after the radial guide rod (1111) moves from the inner end of the radial guide groove (1211) to the outer end of the radial guide groove (1211), the radial drill bit (111) is changed from a retraction state to an extension state;

when the inner rotating shaft (1131) rotates reversely, the guide shaft (1151) and the drive plate (122) are driven to rotate reversely together, so that the outer side wall of the arc-shaped guide groove (1221) presses the drive guide rod (1112) inwards to drive the radial drill bit (111) to move inwards, meanwhile, the radial guide groove (1211) guides the radial guide rod (1111) so that the radial drill bit (111) retracts along the radial direction of the drill rod body (11), and after the radial guide rod (1111) moves from the outer end of the radial guide groove (1211) to the inner end of the radial guide groove (1211), the radial drill bit (111) is changed from an extending state to a retracting state.

6. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 5, wherein: the driving plate (122) is arranged in the self-locking cavity (114), is positioned on the upper side of the radial drill bit (111), and is in transmission connection with the lower end of the guide shaft (1151);

the guide seat (121) is arranged at the lower side of the radial drill bit (111).

7. A micropile hole-forming drill as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: the system also comprises a monitoring system, a signal processing device (4) and a control device;

the monitoring system comprises a rotating speed sensor (31), a torque sensor (32), a temperature sensor (33) and an ultrasonic sensor (34), wherein the rotating speed sensor (31), the torque sensor (32), the temperature sensor (33) and the ultrasonic sensor (34) are all arranged in the drill rod main body (11) and are respectively in communication connection with the signal processing equipment (4), and the coil electric controller and the signal processing equipment (4) are respectively in communication connection with the control equipment.

8. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 7, wherein: the monitoring system further comprises an overcurrent control mechanism (35), wherein the overcurrent control mechanism (35) comprises a first rotor (351), a second rotor (352) and a rotor driving motor (353);

the first rotor (351) is arranged on the outer rotating shaft (1132), and a first overflowing gap is formed between the first rotor and the inner wall surface of the rotating shaft cavity (112);

the second rotor (352) is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the rotating shaft cavity (112), a flow baffle plate (3521) is arranged on the second rotor (352), and the first overflowing gap part is shielded by the flow baffle plate (3521);

the rotor driving motor (353) is arranged in the drill rod main body (11), is in transmission connection with the second rotor (352), and is in communication connection with the control equipment.

9. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 8, wherein: an annular electric appliance cavity (1122) is arranged in the side wall of the rotating shaft cavity (112);

the rotating speed sensor (31), the torque sensor (32), the temperature sensor (33), the ultrasonic sensor (34) and the rotor driving motor (353) are all arranged in the electric appliance cavity (1122);

an outer toothed ring (3522) is arranged at the edge of the second rotor (352), and the outer toothed ring (3522) extends into the electric appliance cavity (1122);

the number of the rotor driving motors (353) is at least two, and the rotor driving motors are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second rotor (352);

the output end of the rotor driving motor (353) is provided with a driving gear (3531), and the driving gear (3531) is meshed with the outer gear ring (3522).

10. The micropile hole-forming drill of claim 8, wherein: the drilling machine also comprises a rack (5), a drill rod lifting mechanism (6) and an angle regulating mechanism;

the bottom of the frame (5) is provided with a crawler-type conveying mechanism (51);

the drill rod lifting mechanism (6) comprises a mast (61) and a lifting component (62); the mast (61) is arranged on the frame (5), and the lower end of the mast is hinged with the frame (5); the lifting assembly (62) is arranged on the mast (61), and a lifting driving part (621) of the lifting assembly is connected with the drill rod assembly (1) in a matching way;

the angle regulating mechanism comprises a telescopic piece (71); the telescopic piece (71) is obliquely arranged, the upper end of the telescopic piece is hinged with the mast (61), and the lower end of the telescopic piece is hinged with the rack (5).

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