CN115433604A - Clean system that utilizes of light pyrolysis living beings - Google Patents

Clean system that utilizes of light pyrolysis living beings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115433604A
CN115433604A CN202210817493.2A CN202210817493A CN115433604A CN 115433604 A CN115433604 A CN 115433604A CN 202210817493 A CN202210817493 A CN 202210817493A CN 115433604 A CN115433604 A CN 115433604A
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biomass
circulation loop
photothermolysis
water
heat
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CN115433604B (en
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陈斌
李贵生
张嘉伟
周晨宇
陈威
张立涛
肖晗
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/008—Controlling or regulating of liquefaction processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4056—Retrofitting operations

Abstract

The invention relates to a photothermolysis biomass cleaning and utilizing system, which comprises: the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop is used for extracting biological crude oil in the biomass waste; the material residue transfer circulation loop is used for separating solid waste from the biomass waste; the heat compensation circulation loop is used for providing heat for the material slag transfer circulation loop; the biological crude oil preparation circulating loop is overlapped with the solar heat collector (1) and the solid-liquid separator (5); the material slag transfer circulation loop and the heat compensation circulation loop are overlapped on the material slag drying box (8). The solar heat collector (1) comprises a heat collecting pipe used for placing biomass waste, and the heat collecting pipe is connected with the feeding device (4). Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of adopting pyrolysis biomass, being more environment-friendly and cleaner compared with other heating, having low atmospheric pollution, fully utilizing natural resources and the like.

Description

Clean system that utilizes of light pyrolysis living beings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy utilization systems, in particular to a photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system.
Background
As a big agricultural country, the crop straw resources are rich, and the method has potential development and application prospects. However, most of the straws are directly combusted or burned wastefully in a traditional mode, so that the problems of serious resource waste, environmental pollution and the like are caused. The biomass forming technology can convert low-grade biomass into high-grade biomass solid fuel which is easy to store and transport, large in volume density and high in heat efficiency. The energy density of the formed biomass fuel is equivalent to that of the median coal.
At present, the biomass forming technology is developed and popularized to a certain extent, scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of research work on the biomass forming technology such as wheat straws, corn straws and the like, but the problems of short service life, high energy consumption, high cost and the like of equipment generally exist in the forming process, and the large-scale application is difficult. Compared with the hot straw hot-press molding process, the research on the hot straw hot-press molding process can reduce the molding pressure, reduce the abrasion of mechanical friction to molding equipment and ensure better molding block quality, but the hot-press molding process needs a large amount of heat energy input, and indirectly increases the molding cost.
The biomass waste refers to organic substances discarded in the whole agricultural production process, and mainly comprises residual wastes generated in the agricultural and forestry production process, animal residual wastes generated in the animal husbandry and fishery production process, processing residual wastes generated in the agricultural processing process, rural wastes and the like. The following aspects can be specifically summarized: (1) crop straw resources. Rice straw is a residue of crops with a high content of fiber components, and mainly comprises rice straw of corn, rice, wheat, cotton, potato, and the like. A large amount of residual rice straws are abandoned in China every year and even directly burned, which wastes resources and pollutes the environment. And (2) livestock and poultry resources. According to calculation, the total quantity of livestock manure resources in China is about 8.5 hundred million tons, which is equivalent to 7840 more than ten thousand tons of standard coal. And (3) forestry waste. Forestry wastes mainly comprise forestry 'three residues' (felling residues and wood making processing residues) and waste wood materials. Forestry 'three remains' harvesting residua mainly include branch, treetop, bark, leaf etc. because the forest type is different in different areas, the tree species is different, timber utilization mode is different, and the proportion of harvesting residua has very big difference. And (4) agricultural product processing waste. A great deal of organic waste can be generated in the agricultural and sideline products and food processing industries of China, and a great deal of organic waste residues and waste water can be generated in the production of grains, food, sugar, paper, wine, starch and the like. It is estimated that the organic waste from the processing of agricultural products in China can produce 500 billion cubic meters of biogas, which is equivalent to 3500 million tons of standard coal energy. And (5) energy plants. Energy plants are of many kinds, such as: sugar-making crops, aquatic plants, oil plants and the like. China has rich biomass resources, and the theoretical annual output is about 50 hundred million tons.
The invention patent CN113913205A discloses a biomass energy rapid pyrolysis device, which can carry out three-stage drying, decomposition and calcination rapid pyrolysis treatment on biomass, but does not utilize solar energy, and has higher energy consumption. The invention patent CN106010618A discloses a vortex burning type biomass pyrolysis oil production system, which effectively solves the technical problems of low efficiency, low oil product calorific value, unstable operation and the like of a biomass pyrolysis oil system, but has higher long-term operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a clean utilization system for photo-pyrolytic biomass, which is more environment-friendly and clean compared with other systems for heating, has low atmospheric pollution and can fully utilize natural resources.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the inventor finds that the cost of the biomass forming technology can be greatly reduced if solar energy is used as a heat source for straw hot-pressing pretreatment, namely the straw is softened by the solar energy pretreatment, because the solar energy resource has the characteristics of being huge, wide, long-term, free of cost and the like. In view of the problems in the prior art, in combination with the actual situation, in order to seek a reasonable, efficient and green resource utilization means, reasonably utilize biomass waste, save energy and improve the current utilization situation of biomass energy, the invention utilizes solar photo-thermal power generation to carry out design innovation, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a photothermolysis biomass cleaning utilization system, the system comprising:
the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop is used for extracting biological crude oil in the biomass waste;
the material residue transfer circulation loop is used for separating solid waste from the biomass waste;
the heat compensation circulation loop is used for providing heat for the material slag transfer circulation loop;
the biological crude oil preparation circulating loop and the material residue transfer circulating loop are overlapped on the solar heat collector and the solid-liquid separator; the material slag transfer circulation loop and the heat compensation circulation loop are overlapped on the material slag drying box.
Further, the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop comprises a solar heat collector, a solid-liquid separator and an oil-water separator which are sequentially connected in a circulating manner.
Further, the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop also comprises a circulation pump for promoting water circulation in the system and a water tank for storing water.
Further, a water purifier is arranged between the oil-water separator and the water tank.
Furthermore, the solar heat collector comprises a heat collecting pipe used for placing biomass waste, and the heat collecting pipe is connected with the feeding device.
Further, the material residue transfer circulation loop comprises a solar heat collector, a solid-liquid separator and a material residue drying box which are sequentially and circularly connected.
Furthermore, the material slag transfer circulation loop also comprises a circulating pump for promoting water circulation in the system and a water tank for storing water.
Furthermore, a water purifier is arranged between the material slag drying box and the water tank.
Further, the heat compensation circulation loop comprises a circulating connection:
a material residue drying box;
and the circulating fluidized boiler is used for combusting the slag in the slag drying box and providing heat for the slag drying box.
Further, the circulating pump is positioned between the solar heat collector and the water tank.
The system is intended to extract biological crude oil from waste biomass, establish a clean utilization system and a model of photo-pyrolysis biomass, and carry out preliminary analysis on the operation energy efficiency and economic benefit of the system. The energy demand is increased at a remarkable speed, the annual biomass yield of China is 50 hundred million t, and the utilization rate is less than 10 percent, so the development potential is huge. By utilizing a biomass thermal cracking technology, the trough type solar thermal collector is reasonably combined with other necessary parts such as a circulating fluidized boiler, a metering pump and the like so as to improve the utilization rate of biomass. And meanwhile, a model of the photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system is constructed.
The system fully utilizes solar energy to realize pyrolysis treatment on biomass waste, thereby obtaining the biological crude oil. Meanwhile, water, high-temperature flue gas and carbon dioxide generated by the system can be recycled in the system. The harmless and resource utilization of the coal mine is ensured, and the economic benefit is also considered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention comprehensively utilizes solar energy, improves the automation of heat treatment equipment, simultaneously can realize zero pollutant discharge, simultaneously reduces the land utilization rate, does not need a cooling tower and a field for stacking fuel wastes, and has obvious environmental protection benefit;
(2) The invention combines thermal efficiency with
Figure RE-GDA0003918566610000041
The characteristics of the efficiency are that,the system is comprehensively analyzed for energy and economic benefits, harmless and resource utilization of the system is guaranteed, economic benefits are considered, and innovation, green, coordination and sustainable development are achieved;
(3) From the perspective of energy utilization, the solar energy utilization efficiency of the system can reach more than 45 percent and is far higher than the highest efficiency of 20 percent of common photovoltaic power generation, and CO generated by the system is utilized 2 As the protective gas of the whole system, the energy is saved. Compared with the traditional refrigerating and heating system, a large amount of non-renewable energy is consumed, and the environment is seriously polluted, so that the system can fully utilize solar energy and hardly pollute the environment;
(4) From the view of operating cost, the whole system only needs equipment cost at the initial stage of the project, and basically has zero investment in the later operating process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass cleaning and utilizing system in an embodiment;
the reference numbers in the figures indicate: the system comprises a solar heat collector 1, a circulating pump 2, a water tank 3, a feeding device 4, a solid-liquid separator 5, an oil-water separator 6, a water purifier 7, a material residue drying box 8 and a circulating fluidized boiler 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
A photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop is used for extracting biological crude oil in the biomass waste; the material residue transfer circulation loop is used for separating solid waste from the biomass waste; the heat compensation circulation loop is used for providing heat for the material slag transfer circulation loop; the biological crude oil preparation circulating loop and the material residue transfer circulating loop are overlapped on the solar heat collector 1 and the solid-liquid separator 5; the slag transferring circulation loop and the heat compensation circulation loop are overlapped on the slag drying box 8. The solar heat collector 1 comprises a heat collecting pipe for placing biomass waste, and the heat collecting pipe is connected with the feeding device 4. The solar collector 1 may be a trough solar collector.
The biological crude oil preparation circulation loop comprises a solar heat collector 1, a solid-liquid separator 5 and an oil-water separator 6 which are sequentially connected in a circulating manner. The biocrude production circulation circuit also includes a circulation pump 2 to promote circulation of water in the system and a water tank 3 for storing water. A water purifier 7 is arranged between the oil-water separator 6 and the water tank 3. The circulation pump 2 is located between the solar collector 1 and the water tank 3.
The material slag transfer circulation loop comprises a solar heat collector 1, a solid-liquid separator 5 and a material slag drying box 8 which are sequentially and circularly connected. The slag transfer circulation loop also comprises a circulation pump 2 for promoting circulation of water in the system and a water tank 3 for storing water. A water purifier 7 is arranged between the material residue drying box 8 and the water tank 3. The circulation pump 2 is located between the solar collector 1 and the water tank 3.
The heat compensation circulation loop comprises a circulation connection part: a material residue drying box 8; and the circulating fluidized boiler 9 is used for burning the material slag in the material slag drying box 8 and providing heat for the material slag drying box 8.
The working principle of the photo-pyrolysis biomass cleaning and utilizing system comprises the following steps:
1. the biomass waste is placed in the heat collecting tube of the solar heat collector 1 by using the feeding device 4. The light energy is converted into heat energy through the solar heat collector 1, so that the biomass waste mixture in the heat collector is subjected to conventional pyrolysis reaction. The solar heat collector 1 converts light energy into heat energy by using the principle of photo-thermal through processes of reflection, focusing, absorption and the like, and heats water in the heat collecting tube. Compared with the photovoltaic technology, the solar photovoltaic system makes full use of the light energy resource, improves the utilization efficiency of the light energy and reduces the loss. The biomass waste can be prepared into gas, liquid and solid products in the same proportion by carrying out conventional biomass pyrolysis in hot water. The biochar accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the raw materials and the bio-oil accounting for 10-20% of the weight of the raw materials can be obtained. The biomass pyrolysis technology can convert biomass with low energy density, which is difficult to treat by a conventional method, into gas, liquid and solid products with high energy density by a continuous production process with lower cost, so that the volume of the biomass is reduced, and the biomass is convenient to store and transport. Meanwhile, chemicals with high added value can be extracted from the bio-oil.
2. And a circulating pump 2 is used for promoting the circulation of water in the system, so that a solid-liquid mixture obtained after the pyrolysis of the biomass waste mixture in the heat collecting pipe enters a solid-liquid separator 5.
3. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the biomass waste mixture in the system by using a solid-liquid separator 5, wherein the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separator 6, and the material residue enters a material residue drying box 8.
4. The oil-water mixture passes through an oil-water separator 6 to obtain the biological crude oil and water, wherein the biological crude oil is a product, and the water is treated by a water purifier 7 and returns to the water tank 3 for recycling. The oil-water separator 6 removes impurities and moisture by using the gravity settling principle according to the density difference of water and fuel oil to obtain useful bio-crude oil, and the impurities and the moisture in the bio-crude oil enter the water purifier 7 and finally return to the water tank 3 for recycling, so that the economy of the whole device is improved.
5. The material slag part enters a material slag drying box 8, and the dried water enters a water purifier 7 for treatment and finally returns to the water tank 3 for recycling; while the solid part of the dried slag forms semicoke and enters the circulating fluidized boiler 9, CO produced in the process 2 The gas is led to the whole system and becomes the protective gas for the whole system. The method forms circulation, is self-sufficient, does not utilize additional energy resources, does not generate pollution gas, and really realizes zero emission of carbon.
6. High-temperature flue gas generated by heating the semicoke in the circulating fluidized boiler 9 enters the slag drying box 8 for heat compensation. The circulating fluidized boiler 9 converts the chemical energy of the semicoke into heat energy to form high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas enters the material slag drying box 8 to perform heat compensation on the high-temperature flue gas, so that the energy utilization rate of the device is improved.
In conclusion, the product applies photothermal conversion, takes a biomass pyrolysis technology as a starting point, combines the practical situation that biomass energy resources in China are rich and are not fully utilized, and enables biomass energy and solar energy to be efficiently and cleanly utilized comprehensively, the annual output of biomass in China is 50 hundred million t, the utilization rate is less than 10%, and the development potential is huge. Through the clean utilization system of photo-pyrolysis biomass, the utilization ratio of biomass can be improved.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention will still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system, which is characterized by comprising:
the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop is used for extracting biological crude oil in the biomass waste;
the material residue transfer circulation loop is used for separating solid waste from the biomass waste;
the heat compensation circulation loop is used for providing heat for the material slag transfer circulation loop;
the biological crude oil preparation circulating loop and the material residue transfer circulating loop are overlapped on the solar heat collector (1) and the solid-liquid separator (5); the material slag transfer circulation loop and the heat compensation circulation loop are overlapped on the material slag drying box (8).
2. The photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop comprises a solar heat collector (1), a solid-liquid separator (5) and an oil-water separator (6) which are sequentially and circularly connected.
3. The clean utilization system of photothermolysis biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that the biological crude oil preparation circulation loop further comprises a circulation pump (2) for promoting water circulation in the system and a water tank (3) for storing water.
4. The photothermolysis biomass cleaning and utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that a water purifier (7) is arranged between the oil-water separator (6) and the water tank (3).
5. The photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the solar heat collector (1) comprises a heat collecting pipe for placing biomass waste, and the heat collecting pipe is connected with the feeding device (4).
6. The photothermolysis biomass cleaning and utilization system according to claim 1, wherein the material residue transfer circulation loop comprises a solar heat collector (1), a solid-liquid separator (5) and a material residue drying box (8) which are sequentially and circularly connected.
7. The photothermolysis biomass clean utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, the slag transfer circulation loop further comprises a circulation pump (2) for promoting circulation of water in the system and a water tank (3) for storing water.
8. The photothermolysis biomass cleaning and utilization system according to claim 7, characterized in that a water purifier (7) is arranged between the slag drying box (8) and the water tank (3).
9. The photothermolysis biomass cleaning and utilization system according to claim 1, wherein said heat compensation circulation loop comprises in circulation connection:
a material residue drying box (8);
and the circulating fluidized boiler (9) is used for burning the material slag in the material slag drying box (8) and providing heat for the material slag drying box (8).
10. The photothermolysis biomass cleaning and utilization system according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that said circulation pump (2) is located between solar collector (1) and water tank (3).
CN202210817493.2A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Light pyrolysis biomass clean utilization system Active CN115433604B (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103480631A (en) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-01 李康敏 Catering industry and garden biomass waste resource recycling and comprehensive utilization process
CN105733627A (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-07-06 华中科技大学 Biomass rapid pyrolysis and coal-fired boiler coupling system
CN106281397A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-01-04 北京林业大学 Based on solar energy heating and the field biomass through pyrolysis oil refining apparatus from heat supply
CN111978972A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-24 上海工程技术大学 Straw waste coupling oil shale comprehensive utilization system and process

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103480631A (en) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-01 李康敏 Catering industry and garden biomass waste resource recycling and comprehensive utilization process
CN105733627A (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-07-06 华中科技大学 Biomass rapid pyrolysis and coal-fired boiler coupling system
CN106281397A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-01-04 北京林业大学 Based on solar energy heating and the field biomass through pyrolysis oil refining apparatus from heat supply
CN111978972A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-24 上海工程技术大学 Straw waste coupling oil shale comprehensive utilization system and process

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