CN115432823B - Device of automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell and method for purifying water body - Google Patents
Device of automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell and method for purifying water body Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
Abstract
The invention discloses a device of an automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell and a method for purifying water, and belongs to the technical field of water quality purification. The device for automatically floating and sinking the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell comprises an artificial floating island, a microbial electrolytic reaction system, an automatic monitoring and controlling floating and sinking system and a power supply system, and provides a method for purifying water body by using the device; the invention uses the artificial floating island coupled microorganism electrolytic cell device for water pollution treatment, the device realizes automatic sinking and floating in environmental water through buoyancy change, periodically changes aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the device, and maintains the automatic operation of the system by generating a clean power supply by itself, thereby being capable of purifying water simply, conveniently and efficiently. The invention has the advantages of fast water purifying speed, good effect, stable system treatment operation, automatic regulation and control, low energy consumption, no secondary pollution and the like, and can be widely used for pollution treatment of various surface water bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water quality purification, and particularly relates to a device of an automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell suitable for treating and purifying eutrophic water and a method for purifying the water.
Background
The eutrophication problem of the surface water body is more serious and increased, and the eutrophication causes the water body greening of lakes, rivers and landscape water bodies, the water ecological deterioration phenomenon such as a large number of phytoplankton on the water body surface and the like; aiming at water eutrophication, the existing treatment technology comprises physical, chemical, biological and ecological treatment technologies, wherein the biological and ecological treatment technologies are used as a treatment method in the water purification field.
Biological and ecological treatment technology utilizes certain animals and plants to absorb and utilize nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants, and microorganisms to degrade the pollutants so as to achieve the purposes of purifying water quality and removing pollutants in water; the existing biological and ecological treatment technology also has a series of problems of environmental factors, biological factors, unreasonable operation parameters, single technology and the like, has obvious influence on the treatment effect, and the current research and development of a water quality purifying device with the advantages of high water purifying speed, good effect, stable system treatment operation and no secondary pollution becomes an important subject to be researched urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device of an automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell and a method for purifying water. The artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell technology has the advantages of good treatment effect, no secondary pollution, environmental protection, sustainable water purification and the like, has a good technical application prospect, and has important significance and value for the research of the water quality purification field.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell device comprises an artificial floating island, a microbial electrolytic reaction system, an automatic monitoring and controlling floating-sinking system and a power supply system.
Based on the technical scheme, the artificial floating island mainly comprises a fixing device, a floating body part and a plant planting area, wherein the fixing device is formed by fiber reinforced plastics and is used for fixing the floating island, the floating body part comprises a top floating body and a bottom floating body, the floating body part is formed by high polymer polyurethane hard foam, 1-100 plant planting areas are penetrated in the top floating body, the plant planting area is used for planting floating island aquatic plants and is formed by a plastic field planting pot and a mixed matrix, and pores are formed in the bottom and the side surfaces of the plastic field planting pot; a cuboid closed cavity is formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system.
Based on the technical scheme, the mixed matrix adopts the particle size of 5 mm-15 mm and the volume ratio of 1-10: 1 to 10: 1-10 of gravel, vermiculite and polyurethane particle mixture.
Based on the technical scheme, the microbial electrolysis reaction system further comprises a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, a composite filler, a perforated deflector and a voltage stabilizer, wherein the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are arranged in the composite filler in parallel, the anode electrode is adjacent to a plant planting area, the cathode electrode is adjacent to a floating body at the bottom of a floating island, 2-20 perforated deflectors are symmetrically arranged in the composite filler between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, and the included angle between the perforated deflector and an electrode plane is 0-60 degrees; the voltage stabilizer is connected with the cathode electrode and the anode electrode respectively through wires and forms a coupling closed loop with the composite filler.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the cathode adopts activated carbon particles wrapped by stainless steel wire mesh, the anode adopts graphite plate electrode, and the composite filler adopts high-density polyethylene microspheres (fiber balls, zero-valent iron particles and coral stone particles with volume ratio of 1-5:1:1) with pores on the surface, wherein the diameter of the high-density polyethylene microspheres is 10-100 mm.
Based on the technical scheme, the automatic floating and sinking monitoring control system further comprises a water suction pipe, a water outlet pipe, a filter screen, a pump, a central controller, a water level detector, an electric ball valve, a water inlet pipe and a water distribution plate, wherein the water inlet end of the water suction pipe stretches into a cuboid closed cavity formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system, the water outlet end of the water suction pipe is communicated with the inlet of the pump, the outlet of the pump is communicated with the water outlet pipe and is used for discharging water, a spherical water suction head with the filter screen is arranged at the water inlet of the water suction pipe, and sundries are prevented from entering the pump; the water inlet pipe penetrates through the bottom floating body, a cuboid closed cavity formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system is communicated with the environmental water body, and an electric ball valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe.
Based on the technical scheme, the water level detector comprises a water level detector I and a water level detector II, wherein the water level detector I and the water level detector II are respectively buried in the highest water level and the lowest water level in the composite filler, and the central controller is connected with the water level detector I and the water level detector II buried in the composite filler, the pump, the voltage stabilizer and the electric ball valve through wires; the central controller senses the water level through the water level detector I and the water level detector II and sends out instructions to the pump, the voltage stabilizer and the electric ball valve.
Based on the technical scheme, the power supply system further comprises a solar cell panel, a photovoltaic controller and a special solar storage battery, wherein the solar cell panel is connected with the photovoltaic controller through a wire, the photovoltaic controller is connected with two poles of the special solar storage battery through a wire, and the special solar storage battery is connected with the pump, the voltage stabilizer and the electric ball valve through the central controller to form a closed loop; the special solar storage battery, the photovoltaic controller and the solar panel are arranged above the artificial floating island.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the appearance of the artificial floating island is integrally cuboid, and the power supply system is arranged above the center of the artificial floating island.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the aquatic plants with developed root systems and good pollutant absorption effect are selected as the floating island aquatic plants, and the artificial floating island plants comprise reed, graptopetalum, allium fistulosum and rhizoma acori graminei.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the lead wire material is titanium wire, and the lead wire head of the exposed electrode part in water is sealed by using the organic multifunctional adhesive, so that the circuit at the joint is more stable and has good waterproof performance.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the water level detector of the automatic floating and sinking monitoring control system feeds back detected water level data to the central controller, the highest water level and the lowest water level are set in the central controller, and the opening and closing of the pump and the electric ball valve are regulated and controlled through the highest water level and the lowest water level.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the device of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell can be increased to utilize the composite filler and the mixed matrix by the guide plate with the holes, so that the utilization efficiency of the composite filler and the mixed matrix is improved, the occurrence and the progress of the reaction are promoted, and the pollutant removal effect and the pollutant removal rate are improved.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the voltage generated by the solar cell panel and the special solar storage battery is stabilized and constant in pressure through the voltage stabilizer, and the purpose is to enable the treatment effect of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell system to be more stable, and the voltage of the cathode and the anode is adjusted to enable microbial electrolytic reaction to be at a high-efficiency point.
Based on the technical scheme, the device for the automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell greatly improves the oxidation-reduction gradient of an artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell system by means of water inlet of a central water inlet pipe at the bottom and water outlet of a pump at the upper part of a floating body and the mode of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell, stimulates and accelerates the removal of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus by microorganisms, and improves the treatment effect on water.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the water distribution plate has the function of uniform water distribution, can ensure good hydraulic conditions in the system, reduces a stagnant water area, and fully utilizes the composite filler and the electrode to remove pollutants.
Based on the technical scheme, further, the filter screen ensures that the substrate can not enter the water pump along with water flow, and the working performance of the water pump is prevented from being influenced.
The invention also provides a method for purifying water by using the device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting the aquatic plants in the floating island in a plant planting area in the device of the automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell, wherein the aquatic plants generate oxygen through photosynthesis of the aquatic plants, and the dissolved oxygen content in an anode area is improved;
(2) Setting a data threshold: setting a highest water level data threshold value, a lowest water level data threshold value and a residence time in a device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell on a central controller;
(3) Placing the device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell into the eutrophic water to be purified, and fixing the device by using a fixing rope or a fixing rod;
(4) The device of the automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell repeats according to the process of sinking, staying and floating, the staying time in the water body is 10-12 hours, the floating and sinking processes respectively take 0.5-2 hours, and the operating voltage of the microbial electrolytic reaction system is 0.5-2.0V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The device of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell is used for water pollution treatment, and has the advantages of high water purifying speed, good effect, stable system treatment operation and no secondary pollution;
(2) The buoyancy change of the device of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell is used for realizing automatic sinking and floating, automatic regulation and control are realized, aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the device are periodically changed, the reaction among the filler, the organisms and the pollutants is accelerated, and the treatment performance is improved without aeration;
(3) The device of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell generates a clean power supply to maintain the automatic operation of the system, does not need an external power supply, and has low energy consumption;
(4) The method for purifying the water body by using the device of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell is simple, convenient and efficient, and can be widely used for pollution control of various surface water bodies.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to which the embodiments relate will be briefly described.
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an apparatus for an automated floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolysis cell of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus of the automated floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolysis cell of the present invention;
in the figure: the solar energy storage battery comprises a storage battery special for 1-solar energy, a 2-voltage stabilizer, a 3-solar cell panel, 4-floating island aquatic plants, a 5-floating body part, a 6-pump, a 7-mixed matrix, an 8-perforated plastic planting pot, a 9-perforated guide plate, a 10-water distribution plate, 11-composite filler, a 12-central controller, a 13-water level detector, a 14-cathode electrode, a 15-anode electrode, a 16-filter screen, a 17-photovoltaic controller, an 18-electric ball valve, a 19-water inlet pipe, a 20-water outlet pipe, a 21-water suction pipe, 22-reed, 23-pinkeye, 24-water onion and 25-rhizoma acori graminei.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in connection with examples, but the implementation of the invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that the examples described below are only some examples of the invention, and that it is within the scope of protection of the invention to those skilled in the art to obtain other similar examples without inventive faculty.
Example 1
An automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell device is constructed as shown in figure 1, has an external dimension of 45 x 20cm and comprises an artificial floating island, a microbial electrolytic reaction system, an automatic monitoring and controlling floating-sinking system and a power supply system;
the artificial floating island mainly comprises a fixing device, a floating body part 5 and a plant planting area, wherein the fixing device is formed by fiber reinforced plastics and is used for fixing the floating body part of the floating island, the floating body part comprises a top floating body and a bottom floating body, the top floating body part is formed by high polymer polyurethane hard foam, a plurality of plant planting areas are penetrated in the top floating body part and are used for planting floating island aquatic plants 4, the plant planting area is formed by a plastic planting pot 8 and a mixed substrate 7, a plurality of micro-pores are formed in the bottom and the side surface of the plastic planting pot 8, and the aim is to reduce the loss of the substrate and increase the dissolved oxygen content in the substrate, increase the oxidation-reduction gradient required by reaction, improve the treatment effect and the treatment rate of pollutants and further enhance the treatment effect on eutrophic water bodies. The mixed matrix 7 adopts the particle size of 5 mm-15 mm and the volume ratio of 1:1:1, a mixture of gravel, vermiculite and polyurethane particles; a cuboid closed cavity is formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system.
The artificial floating island can absorb or utilize the actions of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in water, microorganisms near the root system and the like to adsorb and degrade the organic matters, the nitrogen and phosphorus and the like to achieve the purpose of purifying eutrophic water, and after the floating island is submerged, the plant root system provides dissolved oxygen for the composite filler 11 near the anode and the mixed matrix 7, so that the oxidation-reduction potential is improved, and the removal effect of nutrient substances is enhanced.
The artificial floating island provides buoyancy by means of the floating body part of the floating island and the self-drainage volume, so that the artificial floating island can still float on the water surface when the interior of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell device is fully filled with water, the device floats upwards and sinks to create an aerobic-anoxic state for the interior of the device, the oxidation-reduction gradient is promoted or improved, and the removal rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters is accelerated.
The microbial electrolysis reaction system comprises a cathode electrode 14, an anode electrode 15, a composite filler 11, a perforated deflector 9 and a manostat 2, wherein the cathode adopts active carbon particles wrapped by a stainless steel wire mesh, the anode adopts a graphite plate electrode, the composite filler adopts high-density polyethylene microspheres (the inside of which is wrapped with fiber balls, zero-valent iron particles and coralline particles with the volume ratio of 6:2:2), the cathode electrode 14 and the anode electrode 15 are arranged in parallel in the composite filler, the anode electrode 14 is adjacent to a plant planting area, the cathode electrode 15 is adjacent to a bottom floating body of a floating island, a plurality of perforated deflectors are symmetrically arranged in the composite filler between the cathode electrode 14 and the anode electrode 15, and the included angle between the perforated deflector and an electrode plane is 0-60 degrees; the voltage stabilizer can provide DC voltage of 0-30V with multiple pore channels, the voltage stabilizer 2 is respectively connected with the cathode electrode 14 and the anode electrode 15 through leads, and forms a coupling closed loop with the composite filler 11;
the microbial electrolysis reaction system forms potential difference at the anode and cathode, strengthens oxidation-reduction gradient, provides favorable conditions for removing organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus by the electrolytic reaction of microorganisms around the anode and cathode, achieves good effect of removing eutrophication substances in water, and has stable and efficient removal effect on eutrophication substances due to the steady-flow constant-pressure effect of the voltage stabilizer 2.
The automatic floating and sinking monitoring control system comprises a water suction pipe 21, a water outlet pipe 20, a filter screen 16, a pump 6, a central controller 12, a water level detector 13, an electric ball valve 18, a water inlet pipe 19 and a water distribution plate 10, wherein the water distribution plate 10 is arranged at the bottom of the microbial electrolysis reaction system, has the function of uniformly distributing water, can ensure good hydraulic conditions in the device, reduces a water stagnation area, and fully utilizes composite fillers and electrodes to remove pollutants. The water inlet end of the water suction pipe 21 extends into a cuboid closed cavity formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system, the water outlet end of the water suction pipe 21 is communicated with the inlet of the pump 6, the outlet of the pump 6 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 20 and is used for discharging water, and the water inlet of the water suction pipe 21 is provided with a spherical water suction head with a filter screen so as to prevent sundries from entering the water pump; the water inlet pipe 19 penetrates through the bottom floating body, a cuboid closed cavity formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system is communicated with the environmental water body, and an electric ball valve 18 is arranged at the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe 19; the automatic floating and sinking monitoring control system is used for draining and water inflow through the regulating and controlling pump 6 and the electric ball valve 18, so that the device can periodically float upwards and sink, the composite filler and plant matrix in the anode at the upper part are increased in dissolved oxygen, the oxidation-reduction potential of the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell system is improved, and the removal effect of nutrient-rich substances is further enhanced.
The water level detector 13 comprises a water level detector I and a water level detector II, wherein the water level detector I and the water level detector II are respectively buried in the highest water level and the lowest water level in the composite filler, and the central controller 12 is connected with the water level detector I and the water level detector II buried in the composite filler, the pump 6, the voltage stabilizer 2 and the electric ball valve 18 through wires; the central controller 12 senses the water level through the water level detector I and the water level detector II and sends out instructions to the pump 6, the voltage stabilizer 2 and the electric ball valve 18; the central controller regulates the opening and closing of the internal circuit to stop the operation of the microbial electrolysis reaction system in the floating state and to operate the microbial electrolysis reaction system in the sinking state; the central controller 12 regulates and controls the pump 6 and the electric ball valve 18, the electric ball valve 18 is closed and the pump 6 is started when the pump floats upwards, the buoyancy of the device is larger than gravity by preventing water from entering through the water inlet pipe 19 and utilizing the water suction pipe 21 to drain the internal water, so that the automatic floating is realized, and the pump 6 stops when the internal water level of the device reaches a low water level; when sinking, the central controller 12 controls the pump 6 to stop and the electric ball valve 18 to be opened, the environmental water automatically enters the invention device through the water inlet pipe 19, automatic sinking is realized, and when the invention device reaches a high water level, the electric ball valve 18 is closed.
The power supply system comprises a solar panel 3, a photovoltaic controller 17 and a solar special storage battery 1, wherein the solar panel 3 is connected with the photovoltaic controller 17 through a wire, the photovoltaic controller is connected with two poles of the solar special storage battery 1 through a wire, and the solar special storage battery 1 is connected with a pump 6, a voltage stabilizer 2 and an electric ball valve 18 through a central controller 12 to form a closed loop; the special solar storage battery, the photovoltaic controller and the solar panel are arranged above the artificial floating island.
Example 2
A method for purifying a water body by using an automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell adopts the device of the embodiment 1 to carry out experiments, and comprises the following operation steps:
(1) Planting floating island plants: planting the floating island aquatic plants in the plant planting area of the device, wherein each planting pot is used for planting one plant, and the plants generate oxygen through photosynthesis of the plants, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the anode area is improved, and the conversion of organic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen and the biological phosphorus absorption are accelerated;
(2) Setting a data threshold: for the device of the automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell, the invention provides an automatic management application, and the system can automatically purify the eutrophication water body only by manually setting the data threshold values of the highest water level and the lowest water level and the residence time of the system on the central controller according to the nutrition degree of the eutrophication water body;
(3) The device is placed: after the steps are finished, the water is put into eutrophic water to be purified, and the eutrophic water is fixed by a fixing rope or a fixing rod;
(4) Residence time preferred experiments: the device of the invention was placed in a system filled with 60L of artificial sewage (COD) cr 、 NH 3 + -N、NO 3 - The initial concentrations of N, TN and TP are 136mg/L, 12mg/L, 22.5mg/L, 36.6mg/L and 1.0 mg/L) respectively, and the method is operated according to the process cycle starting conditions of sinking, staying and floating and non-floating conditions. For the floating and sinking condition treatment group, the residence time in the water body is set to be 5h, 8h, 11h, 14h and 17h, and the total time consumption of the floating and the next process is 1h; the residence time was the same for the no sink-float condition treatment group. All treatments were tested for three cycles. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is an index of water quality before and after treatment for all treatment groups cr ) Ammonia Nitrogen (NH) 3 + -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N), total Nitrogen (TN), total Phosphorus (TP) and calculating the removal rate.
The results show that in the floating and sinking condition treatment group, COD is obtained when the residence time is 5h cr 、NH 3 + -N、NO 3 - The average removal rate of N, TN and TP is lower; COD at 8h residence time cr 、NH 3 + -N、NO 3 - The average removal rates of N, TN and TP are 66.3%, 62.6%, 59.9%, 67.8% and 76.3% respectively; COD at 11h residence time cr 、NH 3 + -N、NO 3 - The average removal rates of N, TN and TP are 83.5%, 81.8%, 85.1%, 82.7% and 90.8%, respectively; at residence times of 14h and 17h, the treatment effect was only slightly improved compared to the 11h treatment. Thus, with prolonged residence time, COD cr 、NH 3 + -N、NO 3 - The average removal rates of N, TN, TP gradually increase, but slowly increase beyond 11 hours, with a residence time of 11 hours being preferred in view of the capacity to handle water.
(5) And (3) floating and sinking effect comparison experiment: COD in the non-sink-float treated group compared to the sink-float conditioned treated group cr 、NH 3 + -N、 NO 3 - The average removal rates of N, TN and TP were 7.8%, 14.9%, 18.2%, 14.5% and 11.6%, respectively.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The device for automatically floating and sinking the artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell is characterized by comprising an artificial floating island, a microbial electrolytic reaction system, an automatic monitoring and controlling floating and sinking system and a power supply system; the artificial floating island mainly comprises a fixing device, a floating body part and a plant planting area, wherein the fixing device is used for fixing the floating body part of the floating island, the floating body part comprises a top floating body and a bottom floating body, 1-100 plant planting areas are arranged in the top floating body in a penetrating manner, the plant planting areas are used for planting floating island aquatic plants, each plant planting area consists of a plastic field planting pot and a mixed matrix, and pores are formed in the bottom and the side surfaces of the plastic field planting pot; a closed cavity is formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system; the microbial electrolysis reaction system comprises a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, composite filler, guide plates with holes and a voltage stabilizer, wherein the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are arranged in the composite filler in parallel, the anode electrode is adjacent to a plant planting area, the cathode electrode is adjacent to a bottom floating body of a floating island, 2-20 guide plates with holes are symmetrically arranged in the composite filler between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, and the included angle between the guide plates with holes and the plane of the electrodes is 0-60 degrees; the voltage stabilizer is respectively connected with the cathode electrode and the anode electrode through wires and forms a coupling closed loop with the composite filler; the automatic floating and sinking monitoring control system comprises a water suction pipe, a water outlet pipe, a filter screen, a pump, a central controller, a water level detector, an electric ball valve, a water inlet pipe and a water distribution plate, wherein the water inlet end of the water suction pipe extends into a closed cavity formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system, the water outlet end of the water suction pipe is communicated with the inlet of the pump, the outlet of the pump is communicated with the water outlet pipe and is used for discharging water, and the water inlet of the water suction pipe is provided with a spherical water suction head with the filter screen and used for preventing sundries from entering the pump; the water inlet pipe penetrates through the bottom floating body, a cuboid closed cavity formed between the bottom floating body and the microbial electrolysis reaction system is communicated with the environmental water body, and an electric ball valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe; the water level detector comprises a water level detector I and a water level detector II, wherein the water level detector I and the water level detector II are respectively buried in the highest water level and the lowest water level in the composite filler, and the central controller is connected with the water level detector I and the water level detector II buried in the composite filler, the pump, the voltage stabilizer and the electric ball valve through wires; the central controller senses the water level through the water level detector I and the water level detector II and sends out instructions to the pump, the voltage stabilizer and the electric ball valve; the power supply system comprises a solar panel, a photovoltaic controller and a solar special storage battery, wherein the solar panel is connected with the photovoltaic controller through a wire, the photovoltaic controller is connected with two poles of the solar special storage battery through a wire, and the solar special storage battery is connected with a pump, a voltage stabilizer and an electric ball valve through a central controller to form a closed loop; the solar special storage battery, the photovoltaic controller and the solar panel are arranged above the artificial floating island;
the mixed matrix adopts the particle size of 5 mm-15 mm and the volume ratio of 1-10: 1 to 10:1 to 10 of gravel, vermiculite and polyurethane particle mixture;
the cathode adopts activated carbon particles wrapped by stainless steel wire gauze, the anode adopts a graphite plate electrode, the composite filler adopts high-density polyethylene microspheres with pores on the surface, the diameter of the high-density polyethylene microspheres is 10-100 mm, and the volume ratio of the high-density polyethylene microspheres is 1-5: 1:1, fiber balls, zero-valent iron particles and coral stone particles;
the appearance of the artificial floating island is integrally cuboid, and the power supply system is arranged above the center of the artificial floating island.
2. The apparatus for automatically floating artificial floating island coupled microbial cells according to claim 1, wherein the fixing means is formed of fiber reinforced plastic and the floating body part is formed of high molecular polyurethane rigid foam.
3. The device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the floating island aquatic plants are aquatic plants with developed root systems and good pollutant absorption effect, and the aquatic plants comprise reed, graptopetalum, allium fistulosum and rhizoma acori tatarinowii.
4. The device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the conducting wire material is titanium wire, and the conducting wire head of the exposed electrode part in water is sealed by organic multifunctional glue.
5. A method for purifying a body of water using the apparatus of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) Planting floating island aquatic plants in a plant planting area in a device of the automatic floating and sinking type artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell;
(2) Setting a data threshold: setting data threshold values and residence time of the highest water level and the lowest water level in the device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell on the central controller;
(3) Placing the device of the automatic floating artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell into the eutrophic water to be purified, and fixing the device by using a fixing rope or a fixing rod;
(4) The device of the automatic floating-sinking type artificial floating island coupled microorganism electrolytic cell repeatedly purifies the water body according to the process of sinking, staying and floating.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the device of the automatic floating and sinking artificial floating island coupled microbial electrolytic cell stays in the water body for 10-12 hours, the floating and sinking processes respectively take 0.5-2 hours, and the operating voltage of the microbial electrolytic reaction system is 0.5-2.0V.
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