CN115429235A - Microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device, which can measure microvascular of a subject. The device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of the microvasculature comprises a shell, a photo-volume sensing module, an inertial sensing unit and a processing unit. The optical volume sensing module, the inertia sensing unit and the processing unit are arranged in the accommodating space of the shell. The light volume sensing module generates incident light in a non-contact mode or a contact mode through the light source component so as to be capable of being incident to the micro blood vessel, and the light sensing component is capable of receiving reflected light reflected from the micro blood vessel so as to generate a light volume signal. The inertial sensing unit can detect the behavior of the subject to output an axial signal. The processing unit executes an application program to calculate a physiological value related to at least one of a heart rate, a blood oxygen, a blood pressure and a blood flow.

Description

Microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device

[ technical field ] A

The present invention relates to the field of physiological parameter detection and estimation, and more particularly to a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device for detecting microvasculature.

[ background ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

Conventional wearable devices can be used to measure physiological signals of the human body, such as heartbeat signals, and are generally worn on the wrist or measured through the ear.

The wrist measurement is less accurate than the measurement in the ear due to the need for frequent use of the wrist, which is susceptible to the external environment.

In order to obtain more accurate measurement results, monitoring devices are disposed in the inner ear canal, tympanic membrane and auricle of the ear for measuring the core temperature, heart rate and blood oxygen concentration. Unfortunately, incorporating photoplethysmography devices into headphones presents a number of challenges.

The traditional technology can not take into account the problems of long-term wearing, real-time safety measurement and the like. Moreover, the traditional technology can only provide simple measurement for recording and reminding a user, and does not have the functions of remote diagnosis, health care and the like.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels, which is used to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.

[ summary of the invention ]

A first objective of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels, which can obtain stable physiological signals (or physiological parameters) in an open environment in a non-invasive or invasive manner by optically detecting microvessels, such as but not limited to microvessels at ear, face, forehead, underarm, chest, etc.

The second objective of the present invention is to obtain physiological signs (Vital signs) including, but not limited to, temperature, static heart rate, dynamic heart rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood flow, etc. by calculating physiological signals according to the aforementioned detecting and estimating device for physiological parameters of microvasculature.

The third objective of the present invention is to further combine the cloud center (or the portable electronic device) with the aforementioned detection and estimation device for physiological parameters of blood vessels to perform functions including but not limited to providing detection, monitoring, diagnosis, recommendation, etc. to achieve the objectives of epidemic prevention control, health management, preventive medicine, long-term care, etc.

The fourth objective of the present invention is to transmit the complex calculation to, for example, a portable electronic device for calculation by means of a distributed calculation method according to the above-mentioned device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of the microvasculature, so as to improve the efficiency of calculation, reduce the calculation burden of the local processing unit, and prolong the power endurance of the device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of the microvasculature.

The fifth objective of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature, which can perform detection in a continuous time or a discontinuous time.

The sixth objective of the present invention is to select frequency domain data, time domain data or a combination thereof of the calculation physiological signals according to the aforementioned detection and estimation device of physiological parameters of microvessels, so as to increase calculation speed, accuracy and reduce calculation burden.

The seventh purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels, which can automatically select a static heart rate mode or a dynamic heart rate mode according to the behavior state of a subject, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate measurement.

The eighth objective of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature, which can selectively add the functions of temperature sensing, audio transmission (including input and output), indication, positioning, electrocardiographic detection, etc.

The ninth purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels, which can be applied to the fields of physiological measurement guns, physiological measurement instruments for hangers, ear-plugging measurement instruments, portable physiological measurement instruments, physiological measurement sheets, and the like.

The tenth objective of the present invention is to combine the physiological signal measurement and temperature sensing to form a physiological characteristic detection device according to the aforementioned microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device, so as to achieve the objective of multiple measurement modes of measuring temperature and physiological signal individually or simultaneously.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels, which is capable of measuring microvessels of a subject. The device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of the microvasculature comprises a shell, a light volume sensing module, an inertial sensing unit and a processing unit. The shell is provided with a body with an opening and forms an accommodating space. Wherein, the opening is communicated with the accommodating space. The light volume sensing module is arranged in the accommodating space. The light volume sensing module comprises a light source component and a light sensing component. The light source component generates incident light to be incident to the micro blood vessels and the light sensing component receives reflected light reflected by the micro blood vessels to generate a light volume signal related to blood volume change. The light source component and the light sensing component are adjacent to or contacted with the skin epidermis of the subject through the opening, and the incident light is incident to the skin epidermis and the reflected light is received from the skin epidermis in a non-contact mode or a contact mode. The inertia sensing unit is arranged in the accommodating space. The inertial sensing unit has an acceleration component to detect the behavior of the subject to output an axial signal. The processing unit is arranged in the accommodating space. The processing unit is connected with the photoplethysmography sensing module and the inertial sensing unit, and executes an application program to select one of a plurality of algorithms according to the axial signal to calculate the photoplethysmography signal, so as to calculate a physiological value related to at least one of a heart rate, a blood oxygen, a blood pressure and a blood flow.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels, which is applied to a subject including but not limited to a forehead, an auricle, an armpit, a chest, etc., and obtains photoplethysmal signals through a light source module and a light sensing module.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a physiological measuring gun comprising a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of blood vessels and a temperature sensing device, wherein the physiological measuring gun is applied to a forehead of a subject. The opening of the body is away from the forehead, so that the temperature sensing assembly can measure the forehead temperature of the subject through the opening, and the other opening of the body is adjacent to the forehead, so that the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly are in contact with the skin epidermis of the forehead of the subject through the opening to obtain the photoplethysmogram signal.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a physiological measurement device for measuring and estimating physiological parameters of blood vessels of a patient, which is an ear-hanging type physiological measurement device or an ear-plugging type physiological measurement device. The ear physiological measuring instrument or the ear plug type measuring instrument is respectively applied to one auricle of a testee, the opening of the body is adjacent to the auricle, and the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly can be in contact with or adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the testee through the opening to obtain the light volume signal.

In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a physiological measurement apparatus of hangers or an ear plug type measurement apparatus composed of a physiological parameter detection and estimation device of microvessels and a temperature sensing component. The ear-hanging physiological measuring instrument or the ear plug type measuring instrument is respectively applied to an ear canal and an auricle of a testee, the body forms an opening in the ear canal, so that the temperature sensing assembly measures temperature in the ear canal of the testee through the opening, and the body forms another opening adjacent to the auricle, so that the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly can contact or be adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the testee through the other opening to obtain the optical volume signal.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a portable physiological measurement device formed by a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels. The portable physiological measurement instrument is applied to an auricle of a testee, the portable physiological measurement instrument provides a separable body, and when the body is moved to the ear of the testee and the body is arranged on the auricle, the light source component and the light sensing component are in contact with or adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the testee through the opening of the body to obtain the photoplethysmographic signal.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a physiological measurement patch formed by a physiological parameter measuring and estimating device for micro blood vessels. The physiological measurement piece is applied to the skin epidermis of the testee, when the opening of the body faces to the skin epidermis, the light source component and the light sensing component can contact the skin epidermis of the testee through the opening of the body to obtain the light volume signal.

To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a glasses-type measuring instrument formed by a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels. Wherein the spectacle-type measuring instrument is applied to the ear of a subject. The opening of the body of the glasses type measuring instrument is adjacent to the auricle, so that the light source component and the light sensing component can contact the skin epidermis of the auricle of the testee through the opening to obtain the light volume signal.

Compared with the prior art, the device for detecting and estimating the physiological parameters of the microvasculature provided by the invention can select different algorithms to calculate the photoplethysmographic signals according to the behaviors (such as movement, stillness, sleep and the like) of the user so as to obtain the accurate physiological values related to heart rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure and the like. The result of the accurate measurement can be provided for back-end calculation to perform accurate analysis, recording and diagnosis.

In another embodiment, the apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature further provides a combination of various electronic components/units, such as temperature sensing, audio input/output, positioning, indication, etc., to measure the signal of the optical volume dividing signal, and the output information of these electronic components/units can form various physiological indexes to further determine which symptom is met, including but not limited to apnea, stress index, emotion index, blood flow status, wakefulness index, blood glucose index, etc., i.e. the apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature can be a personalized health assistant for users. Furthermore, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device can estimate the health trend according to the indexes, indexes and states.

In another embodiment, the device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature can also allow the user to feed back the current physical performance status in real time during the self-exercise process, in addition to the personalized health assistant, so as to be used as a personal trainer to assist the user in performing exercises.

In another embodiment, the apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels can be used for isolating a large number of users at home in response to a virus-induced cluster infection, and can be used for monitoring the real-time status of the users by confirming the identities of the users and combining the physiological values.

The specific techniques employed in the present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples and accompanying drawings.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams illustrating an application of the physiological characteristic detecting apparatus having a microvascular physiological parameter detecting and estimating device of fig. 7 according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.

11a, 11b and 11c are simulation diagrams illustrating the dynamic heart rate mode of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.

Description of the main component symbols:

2. subject of the disease

10. 10', 10' microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device

12. Optical volume sensing module

122. Light source assembly

124. Light sensing assembly

14. Inertial sensing unit

142. Acceleration assembly

16. Processing unit

18. Temperature sensing assembly

20. Audio output unit

22. Indicating unit

24. Positioning unit

26. Audio input unit

28. Communication unit

30. Servo unit

32. Shell body

322. Body

324. Ear-hanging structure

325. Auricle adjusting structure

326. 326' opening hole

327. Earplug structure

328. Hand-held part

34. Cable wire

36. Spectacle frame

38. Glasses leg

ILB incident light

RLB reflected light

HRS photoplethysmographic signal

AS axial signal

APP application

SHRM quiescent heart rate pattern

DHRM dynamic heart rate pattern

Physiological value of PV

TS temperature signal

MS sound source signal

IS indication signal

GS geographic Signal

OS external audio

FS feedback signal

SP accommodation space

d distance

[ detailed description ] A

For a fuller understanding of the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the present application, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe the elements, components and groups described herein. This is for convenience of illustration only and provides a general sense of the scope of the invention. Thus, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, such description should be read to include one, at least one and the singular also includes the plural.

In the present disclosure, the terms "comprise," "include," "have," "contain," or any other similar terms are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, an element, structure, article, or apparatus that comprises a plurality of elements is not limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such element, structure, article, or apparatus. In addition, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or".

Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown. In fig. 1, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10 is capable of measuring physiological signals associated with one or more microvasculature of a subject 2, such as a microvasculature in the superficial temporal artery or anywhere in the body. Here, the superficial temporal artery is taken as an example, the superficial temporal artery refers to one of the major arteries of the head, especially passing through the ear, face, neck, etc., that is, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10 mainly detects the change of the microvascular of the branch of the superficial temporal artery. Also, the superficial temporal artery appears mainly above the neck of subject 2. It should be noted that although the micro-vessels of the superficial temporal artery are taken as an example in the present embodiment, other embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention as long as the data related to the red blood cells in the micro-vessels can be obtained by the present invention.

The microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 includes an optical volume sensing module 12, an inertial sensing unit 14, a processing unit 16 and a housing 18.

The photoplethysmographic module 12 includes a light source assembly 122 and a light sensing assembly 124. It should be noted that, in addition to the light source assembly 122 and the light sensing assembly 124, other electronic components, such as a photoelectric conversion element, an amplification element, a digital-to-analog signal conversion element, etc., may be added to the photoplethysmographic sensing module 12 according to the requirement of electronic signal processing. For example, if the optical signal detected by the optical volume sensing module 12 is weak, an amplifying element may be further disposed to amplify the weak optical signal.

The light source device 122 generates an incident light ILB capable of being incident on the blood capillary (not shown) and the light sensing device 124 receives a reflected light RLB reflected from the blood capillary to output a light volume signal HRS related to a blood volume change. In the foregoing, the reflected light RLB is a reflected light ray generated from the incident light ILB and incident on, for example, blood cells, plasma, bones, and the like. The HRS signal can be captured by, for example, photoplethysmography (PPG), which is an organ plethysmogram optically obtained by, for example, using the led light source module 122 to generate incident light ILB to illuminate the skin and the photodiode light sensing module 124 to measure the amount of reflected light RLB, so as to obtain a corresponding graph representing the pulse-induced volume change.

The light source assembly 122 may be composed of a single light source or a plurality of light sources, for example, the light source assembly 122 may be the aforementioned LED. In the present embodiment, the light source device 122 is illustrated by taking an epitaxy composed of 3 light sources as an example, and the light source device 122 provides one or more light wavelength ranges. For example, the first light wavelength range is between 480 nm to 590 nm (substantially green light), the second light wavelength range is between 630 nm to 570 nm (substantially red light), and the third light wavelength range is between 760 nm to 1000 nm (substantially infrared light). In other embodiments, the light source module 122 may select other light wavelengths.

Also, the light source assembly 122 and the light sensing assembly 124 may be adjacent to or in contact with the skin epidermis of the subject 2 by referring later to the opening 326 provided in the housing 32. In addition, the light source module 122 and the light sensing module 124 can be configured to incident light ILB onto the skin epidermis and receive reflected light RLB from the skin epidermis in a non-contact manner or a contact manner.

The inertial sensing unit 14 includes an acceleration element 142, such as a six-axis or nine-axis gyro sensor. The acceleration component 142 can detect the variation of X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, angular velocity, acceleration, etc. to determine the behavior of the subject 2, such AS movement, rest, etc., to output an axial signal AS.

The processing unit 16 connects the photo-volume sensing module 12 with the inertial sensing unit 164.

The processing unit 16 executes an application APP to select one of a plurality of algorithms, such as a static heart rate algorithm SHRM or a dynamic heart rate algorithm DHRM, according to the axial signal a, and further calculates a physiological value PV related to a heart rate, a blood oxygen level, a blood pressure, a blood flow, and the like. In other words, the processing unit 16 can calculate the scalar variation of the axial signal AS of the inertial sensing unit 14 to determine the current behavior state of the subject 2.

The static heart rate pattern SHRM is an optical volume signal calculated in a Time domain (Time domain) and the dynamic heart rate pattern DHRM is an optical volume signal calculated in a Frequency domain (Frequency domain), and fig. 11a to 11c are also included to illustrate simulation diagrams of the dynamic heart rate pattern of fig. 1 according to the present invention, wherein the horizontal axis represents Frequency and the vertical axis represents amplitude.

In fig. 11a, a frequency domain spectrogram of the inertial sensing unit 14 is provided, which uses Short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) to perform time-domain to frequency-domain conversion on the acceleration component 142, and in which the motion frequency exhibited by the inertial sensing unit 14 can be observed to occur at around 3 HZ; referring next to FIG. 11b, a frequency domain spectrogram of the photoplethysmography, which also uses the short-time Fourier transform for time-domain to frequency-domain conversion, is shown, where two frequency points with higher amplitude intensity of the photoplethysmogram are observed at about 2Hz and 3 Hz. Wherein, 2Hz is the correct heartbeat frequency and 3Hz is the noise frequency caused by movement, so that if the correct conversion is not performed, the wrong noise frequency can be judged and read, and the noise frequency is mistaken as the heartbeat frequency; and, referring to fig. 11c, the frequency domain spectrogram obtained after calculating the frequency domain spectrograms of the inertia sensing unit 14 and the photoplethysmography according to the processing unit 16, i.e. the noise frequency generated by the motion is eliminated through the subtraction calculation, so as to obtain the true photoplethysmography signal at 2 Hz. Therefore, the accuracy of the measurement can be effectively improved by the method.

The application APP further determines which behavior the subject 2 is currently in according to the variation from the axial signal AS, for example, if the subject 2 is in an exercise behavior, the variation of the axial signal AS is severe; on the contrary, if the subject 2 is in a static behavior, the variation of the axial signal AS is gentle; then, the application APP selects which mode to operate on the photoplethysmographic HRS after determining which behavior of the subject 2, where the dynamic heart rate mode DHRM is performed if the subject 2 is in a motion behavior; and if the subject 2 is in a resting or resting behavior, then a static heart rate pattern SHRM is performed, the following application examples being relevant:

in one embodiment, the processing unit 16 calculates the photoplethysmographic signal HRS obtained from the photoplethysmographic module 12 using, for example, green light to execute the static heart rate mode or the dynamic heart rate mode. The photoplethysmographic signal HRS is related to a peak value of a waveform of the photoplethysmographic signal HRS.

In a second application example, the processing unit 16 calculates the ratio of oxygenated red blood cells to non-oxygenated red blood cells from the microvasculature using, for example, red light and infrared light from the photoplethysmography module 12 to calculate the blood oxygen saturation concentration (blood oxygen saturation).

In a third application example, the processing unit 16 calculates a photoplethysmography (HRS) signal obtained from the photoplethysmography (psm) module 12 by using, for example, green light to output a blood pressure value. The photo-volume signal is related to a Pulse Transit Time (PTT).

In the fourth application example, the processing unit 16 executes the application program APP to calculate the photoplethysmographic signal HRS so as to obtain values related to blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood flow, etc.

In a fifth application example, the application APP may be used for identifying the identity of the subject 2 to identify the subject using the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10. For example, the application APP acquires the biological features of the subject 2, such as a fingerprint, an iris, a vein, a palm print, a voice print, etc., through a biological acquisition unit (not shown) connected to the processing unit 16, such as a fingerprint acquirer, an iris acquirer, a voice acquirer, an image acquirer, etc., to confirm the identity of the subject 2.

The housing 32 has a body 322 with an opening 326 and forms a containing space SP. The photo-volumetric sensing module 12, the inertial sensing unit 14 and the processing unit 16 are disposed in the accommodating space SP of the housing 32. The housing 32 facilitates the operation of the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10 by the subject 2. The shape of the housing 32 is not limited, and may be designed according to the field of use, for example, the shape may be a gun-shaped housing, a lug-shaped housing, an earplug-shaped housing, a box-shaped housing, a sheet-shaped housing, etc.

Please refer to fig. 2, which is a block diagram illustrating a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 2, the apparatus 10' for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature comprises a temperature sensing device 18, an audio output unit 20, an indication unit 22, a positioning unit 24 and an audio input unit 26, in addition to the photoplethysmography module 12, the inertial sensing unit 14, the processing unit 16 and the housing 32 of the first embodiment. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, a plurality of units are provided in this embodiment, and in fact, one or more units may be selected from the plurality of units to be combined according to actual needs.

The description of the photo-volume sensing module 12, the inertial sensing unit 14, the processing unit 16 and the housing 32 is the same as the description above, and the description is omitted here.

The temperature sensing element 18 is connected to the processing unit 16 to measure the temperature of the subject 2, such as ear temperature, forehead temperature, armpit temperature, etc., and the temperature sensing element 18 outputs a temperature signal TS to the processing unit 16, for example, the temperature sensing element 18 may be an infrared thermal stack element, a temperature sensor, etc. For example, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 'may sense the temperature of the subject 2 through the temperature sensing element 18 or may determine that the subject 2 is actually carrying the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10' by measuring the temperature. For example, when the temperature sensing element 18 is an infrared thermal stack, the temperature sensing element 18 is spaced apart from the subject 2 to enable non-contact measurement.

The audio output unit 20 is connected to the processing unit 16, and the processing unit can receive an external or internal audio signal MS and drive the audio output unit 20 to output an audio signal SS, for example, the audio output unit 20 can be a speaker. For example, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10' may use the audio output unit 20 to remind the subject 2 of the current physiological value PV, physiological status, or provide the subject 2 to listen to music, broadcast, etc. For example, when the processing unit 16 determines that a threshold value, such as a heart rate, has been exceeded according to the application APP, the processing unit 16 will issue a reminder and a warning to the subject 2 according to the application APP.

An indication unit 22 is connected to the processing unit 16, for example, the indication unit 22 may be a light emitting diode, a luminescent light, a liquid crystal display, etc. The indication unit 22 IS driven by the processing unit 16 to output an indication signal IS, for example, to display a physiological value PV, a physiological status, a warning message, a power information, etc.

The positioning unit 24 is connected to the processing unit 16, such as a GPS positioning chip, and the positioning unit 24 is driven by the processing unit 16 to output a geographic signal GS for positioning the longitude and latitude of the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10'. For example, the apparatus 10 'for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature can mark the position of the apparatus 10' for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature by the positioning unit 24, so as to indirectly display the position of the subject 2, thereby providing an effective space or providing emergency rescue by positioning the position of the subject 2 in case of an emergency such as coma due to obvious abnormality of the physiological value PV of the subject 2.

The audio input unit 26 is connected to the processing unit 16, for example, the audio input unit 26 may be a microphone or the like. The audio input unit 26, driven by the processing unit 16, may retrieve an external audio OS, for example, the external audio OS may be an ambient background sound, a sound of the subject 2 itself, a breath sound, an inspiration sound, a breath sound, etc. of the subject 2. For example, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10' may receive the related information of the expiratory sound, the inspiratory sound and the breath sound of the subject 2 through the audio input unit 26, so as to determine whether the subject 2 detects the presence of apnea, for example, at the back end; alternatively, when subject 2 is unconscious, the emergency personnel may determine the condition of subject 2 or may perform a conversation with subject 2 through external audio OS received by audio input unit 26.

Please refer to fig. 3, which is a block diagram illustrating a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 3, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus 10 ″ includes a communication unit 28 and a servo unit 30 in addition to the photoplethysmography sensing module 12, the inertial sensing unit 14 and the processing unit 16 of the first embodiment and one or more selected from the second embodiment.

The description of the optical volume sensing module 12, the inertial sensing unit 14, the processing unit 16, the housing 32, the temperature sensing element 18, the audio output unit 20, the indication unit 22, the positioning unit 24 and the audio input unit 26 is as described above and will not be repeated herein.

The communication unit 28 IS connected to the processing unit 16 for transmitting the light volume signal HRS, the axial signal AS physiological value PV, the temperature signal TS, the sound source signal MS, the indication signal IS, the geographic signal GS, and the external audio frequency OS, for example, the communication unit 28 conforms to a Bluetooth (Bluetooth)/Low power Bluetooth (Bluetooth Low Energy) wireless communication protocol, a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) wireless communication protocol, a ZigBee (ZigBee) wireless communication protocol, an n-generation mobile communication protocol (GRPS, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G \8230ng), and the like.

The server 30 is connected to the communication unit 28, for example, the server 30 can be connected to the communication unit 28 by wire or wirelessly, and the server 30 and the communication unit 28 can be connected by, for example, the internet, a closed network or a mobile network.

The servo unit 30 receives the data of the light volume signal HRS, the axial signal AS physiological value PV, the temperature signal TS, the sound source signal MS, the indication signal IS, the geographic signal GS, and the external audio signal OS from the processing unit 16 through the communication unit 28. The servo unit 30 can count, analyze, manage, process and record these data and selectively generate a feedback signal FS to be transmitted back to the communication unit 28. For example, the servo unit 30 may feed back the analyzed data, generate a corresponding warning or warning message to be loaded on the feedback signal FS and transmit the feedback signal FS back to the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 ″ through the communication unit 28, for example, to notify the subject 2 through the aforementioned audio output unit 20 or the indication unit 22. In another embodiment, the server 30 can perform statistics, analysis, management, processing and recording on a cloud or local side (e.g., a smart phone), so as to perform external diagnosis.

Please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 4, the microvascular physiological parameter measurement and estimation device 10 forms a physiological measurement apparatus for hangers. In the present embodiment, the ear physiological quantity measuring instrument is applied to the auricle of the subject 2. The ear-hanging structure 324 allows the apparatus 10 to be attached to the left ear or the right ear of the subject 2, and the auricle adjusting structure 325 can be adjusted by rotating the ear-hanging structure 324 according to the different auricle shapes of the subject 2, such that the light source module 122 and the sensing module 124 can be closer to the skin surface, thereby improving the measurement accuracy. The opening of the body 322 of the housing 32 is adjacent to the auricle such that the light source assembly 122 and the light sensing assembly 124 can contact or be adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject 2 through the opening 326 to obtain the photoplethysmographic signal HRS.

The physiological measuring apparatus for hangers in this embodiment includes the optical volume sensing module 12, the inertial sensing unit 14, the processing unit 16, the temperature sensing element 18, the audio output unit 20, the indication unit 22, the positioning unit 24, the audio input unit 26, the communication unit 2, and the like, which are described above and will not be described herein again.

In the present embodiment, the housing 32 is a single-side ear-hanging type. The body 322 forms a housing space SP, and the opening 326 and the ear-hanging structure 324 extend from the body 322 for being attached to a single external ear of the subject 2. The housing space SP is provided with, for example, the photo-volume sensing module 12, the inertia sensing unit 14, the processing unit 16, the temperature sensing component 18, the audio output unit 20, the indication unit 22, etc., and some components are hidden in the housing space SP, which is not shown here. The opening 326 communicating with the housing space SP exposes, for example, the optical volume sensing module 12, the indicating unit 22, and the temperature sensing assembly 18. It should be noted that the position of the opening 326 of the housing 32 is specially designed, for example, the opening 326 is disposed at a position adjacent to a capillary of an ear (not shown), so that the light source module 122 and the light sensing module 124 of the photoplethysmographic module 12 can be accurately applied to the capillary by being disposed at the opening 326.

It is noted that the opening 326 'of the body 322 is also provided with the temperature sensing element 18, wherein the opening 326' may be made of silicone or plastic material for inserting into the ear canal of the subject 2 to sense the temperature of the ear canal.

Please refer to fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 5, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 forms an ear-type physiological measurement apparatus. Here, the earplug type physiological measuring instrument is exemplified by a double-wound neck earphone, which has two shells 32, and the two shells 32 are connected by a cable 34, and in any one of the shells 32, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 can be disposed. In the present embodiment, an ear type physiological measurement instrument is applied to the auricle of the subject 2. The ear physiological measurement device is fixed to the ear canal mouths of the left and right ears of the subject 2 by an ear plug structure 327. The opening of the body 322 of the housing 32 is adjacent to the auricle such that the light source module 122 and the optical sensing module 124 are disposed at the rear side of the housing 32 through the opening 326, so as to be able to contact or be adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject 2 to obtain the optical volume signal HRS. In the present embodiment, the opening 326 'of the housing 32 is also provided with the temperature sensing element 18, wherein the opening 326' is made of a silicone material or a plastic material and is inserted into the ear canal of the subject 2 to sense the temperature in the ear canal.

Please refer to fig. 6, which is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 6, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 forms a spectacle-type measuring instrument. The spectacle type measuring instrument has a frame 36 and a temple 38, which is called a housing 32 according to the present invention. The opening 326 of the body 322 of the housing 32 is adjacent to the auricle, such that the light source module 122 and the light sensing module 124 can contact the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject 2 through the opening 326 to obtain the photoplethysmography signal HRS, so as to obtain the physiological value PV related to the subject 2 during the wearing of the glasses by the subject 2.

Please refer to fig. 7, which is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 7, the apparatus 10 for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature is a physiological measurement gun consisting of the apparatus 10 for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature and the temperature sensing device 18. The physiological measuring gun is applied to a forehead of the subject 2. The opening 326 of the body 322 is spaced apart from the forehead by a distance d such that the temperature sensing element 18 can measure the forehead temperature of the subject 2 through the opening 326, and another opening 326' of the body 322 is disposed at the front end of the body 322 to be adjacent to the forehead, such that the light source module 122 and the light sensing element 124 can contact the skin epidermis of the forehead of the subject 2 through the opening 326 to obtain the optical volume signal HRS. To facilitate the measurement, in this embodiment, the forehead of the subject 2 is measured by, for example, the medical staff holding the holding portion 328 of the housing 32, and the physiological parameter of the microvasculature detection and estimation device 10 disposed on the body 322 of the housing 32 is utilized to obtain the physiological value PV related to the subject 2.

Referring to fig. 8a and 8b together, there are shown application diagrams of the physiological measuring gun of fig. 7 according to the present invention.

In fig. 8a, the physiological measurement gun provides measurement modes of temperature measurement, physiological signal measurement and combination thereof, and the physiological measurement gun is applied to the measurement of the forehead. In the present embodiment, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10, and particularly, a portion of the optical volume sensing module 12 is disposed at the front edge of the gun-shaped physiological characteristic detection apparatus and can contact the forehead of the subject 2 for performing a contact-type temperature measurement; the temperature sensing assembly 18 is disposed in the gun-type physiological characteristic detecting device and is kept at a distance d from the forehead of the subject 2 for non-contact temperature measurement.

For example, in the contact measurement mode, the medical staff holds the hand-held portion 328 of the physiological measurement gun to directly contact the forehead of the subject 2, the light source assembly 122 of the apparatus 10 allows the incident light ILB to directly enter the microvessels under the forehead of the subject 2, and the light sensing assembly 124 of the apparatus 10 receives the reflected light RLB, which is calculated to output the optical volume signal HRS related to the blood volume change. In another embodiment, in the contact measurement mode, the temperature sensing assembly 18, which is also kept at a distance from the forehead of the subject 2, can measure the temperature (or body temperature) of the subject 2; and, in the non-contact measurement mode, the hand-held portion 328 of the medical staff hand-held gun-type physiological characteristic detection device is kept at a distance from the forehead of the subject 2 without contacting the subject 2 to perform the measurement of the temperature (or the body temperature).

In fig. 8b, the physiological measurement gun can also be added with a probe 40 for ear temperature measurement. In this embodiment, in order to adapt to the ear measurement, the front edge of the physiological measurement gun is tapered so as to be inserted into the ear canal of the ear. In the present embodiment, the apparatus 10 for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvessels and the light source assembly 122 and the light sensing assembly 124 are disposed adjacent to the auricle of the subject 2 to contact the skin surface, so that the incident light ILB directly irradiates the microvessels in the ear and receives the reflected light RLB reflected from the microvessels, and the temperature sensing assembly 18 is disposed on the probe 40 for performing a non-contact temperature measurement after being inserted into the ear canal of the subject 2.

Please refer to fig. 9, which is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 9, the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10 is a physiological measurement patch formed by the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device 10. The physiological measurement patch is applied to the skin epidermis of the subject 2. When the opening 326 of the body 322 faces the skin surface, for example, is disposed under the armpit, the light source assembly 122 and the light sensing assembly 124 contact the skin surface of the subject 2 through the opening 326 of the body 322 to obtain the photoplethysmographic signal HRS.

Please refer to fig. 10, which is a schematic structural diagram of a microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 10, the microvascular physiological parameter measurement and estimation device 10 is a portable physiological measurement apparatus. Wherein the portable physiological measuring instrument is applied to the auricle of the subject 2. The portable physiological measuring instrument is described by taking a box body as an example. The portable physiological measurement instrument provides a detachable body 322. When the body 322 is moved to the ear of the subject 2 and the body 322 is disposed on the auricle, the light source module 122 and the light sensing module 124 are brought into contact with or adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject 2 through the opening 326 of the body 322 to obtain the photoplethysmography (HRS) signal through the opening 326 of the body 322.

In the embodiments described above, electrodes (not shown) required for obtaining an Electrocardiogram (ECG) may be additionally added, and the electrodes are connected to the processing unit 16 to capture electrical signals on the skin of the subject 2, so as to record the electrophysiological activity of the heart of the subject 2 over time.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form, construction, features, methods and quantities may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (20)

1. A microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device for measuring microvasculature of a subject, said microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device comprising:

the shell is provided with a body with an opening and an accommodating space, wherein the opening is communicated with the accommodating space;

a photo-volume sensing module disposed in the receiving space, the photo-volume sensing module having a light source module and a photo-sensing element, the light source module generating incident light for incidence on the microvessels and the photo-sensing element receiving reflected light reflected from the microvessels to generate a photo-volume signal, wherein the light source module and the photo-sensing element are disposed through the opening for either proximity to or contact with the epidermis of the subject's skin, for either non-contact or contact incidence of the incident light on and reception of the reflected light from the epidermis of the skin;

the inertia sensing unit is arranged in the accommodating space and is provided with an acceleration component for detecting the behavior of the testee to output an axial signal; and

the processing unit is arranged in the accommodating space, is connected with the photo-volume sensing module and the inertia sensing unit, and executes an application program to select one of a plurality of algorithms according to the axial signal so as to calculate the photo-volume signal and further calculate a physiological value related to at least one of heart rate, blood oxygen and blood pressure.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of algorithms are a static heart rate algorithm and a dynamic heart rate algorithm, wherein the static heart rate algorithm calculates the photoplethysmographic signal in a time domain and the dynamic heart rate algorithm calculates the photoplethysmographic signal in a frequency domain, and the processing unit calculates a scalar variation of the axial signal to determine whether to execute the static heart rate algorithm or the dynamic heart rate algorithm.

3. The apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to claim 1, wherein the light source module provides a first light wavelength range between 480 nm to 590 nm, a second light wavelength range between 630 nm to 570 nm, and a third light wavelength range between 760 nm to 1000 nm.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the optical volume sensing module uses the optical wavelength of the first optical wavelength range to obtain the photoplethysmogram signal, or the optical volume sensing module uses the optical wavelength of the second optical wavelength range and the optical wavelength of the third optical wavelength range to obtain the ratio of hemoglobin to non-hemoglobin to obtain the oximetry concentration.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the photoplethysmographic signal is related to one of a pulse signal peak and a pulse transit time of a waveform of the heart rate signal.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor connected to the processing unit, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to measure at least one of the forehead temperature, the ear temperature and the body temperature of the subject in a non-contact or contact manner, and the temperature sensor outputs a temperature signal to the processing unit.

7. The apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to claim 1, further comprising an audio output unit connected to the processing unit, the audio output unit being driven by the processing unit to output an audio signal.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an indication unit connected to the processing unit, wherein the indication unit is driven by the processing unit to output an indication signal.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a positioning unit connected to the processing unit, wherein the positioning unit is driven by the processing unit to output a geographic signal.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an audio input unit connected to the processing unit, wherein the audio input unit is driven by the processing unit to capture external audio signals.

11. The apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to claim 1, wherein said application further comprises an identification module for identifying the identity of said subject to further confirm the identity of said subject.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a communication unit connected to the processing unit for transmitting at least one of the photoplethysmographic signal, the axial signal and the physiological value.

13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a server unit connected to the communication unit, wherein the server unit receives at least one of the photoplethysmographic signal, the axial signal and the physiological value from the processing unit via the communication unit, and the server unit counts, analyzes, manages, processes and records at least one of the photoplethysmographic signal, the axial signal and the physiological value, and selectively generates and transmits a feedback signal back to the communication unit.

14. The apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to claim 1, wherein said photoplethysmography signal is obtained by contacting the epidermis of the skin of the subject with said light source assembly and said light sensing assembly applied to at least one of the forehead, pinna and underarm of the subject.

15. A physiological measurement gun comprised of the temperature sensing assembly of claim 6, wherein the physiological measurement gun is applied to the forehead of the subject, the opening of the body is spaced from the forehead such that the temperature sensing assembly is configured to measure the forehead temperature of the subject through the opening, and another opening of the body is adjacent to the forehead such that the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly are configured to contact the skin epidermis of the forehead of the subject through the opening to obtain the photoplethysmographic signal.

16. An ear physiological measurement instrument or an ear plug type measurement instrument formed by the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the ear physiological measurement instrument or the ear plug type measurement instrument is respectively applied to an auricle of the subject, the opening of the body is adjacent to the auricle, so that the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly are in contact with or adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject through the opening to obtain the light volume signal.

17. An ear physiological measurement instrument or an ear measurement instrument comprising the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation device of claim 1 and the temperature sensing assembly of claim 6, wherein the ear physiological measurement instrument or the ear measurement instrument is applied to the ear canal and the auricle of the subject, respectively, and the body forms the opening in the ear canal, such that the temperature sensing assembly measures the temperature in the ear canal of the subject through the opening, and the body forms another opening adjacent to the auricle, such that the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly are in contact with or adjacent to the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject through the another opening to obtain the photoplethysmogram signal.

18. A portable physiological measurement instrument formed by the microvascular physiological parameter detection and estimation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the portable physiological measurement instrument is applied to the pinna of the subject, the portable physiological measurement instrument provides the detachable body, and the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly are provided to contact or be adjacent to the skin epidermis of the pinna of the subject through the opening of the body to obtain the photoplethysmographic signal when the body is moved to the ear of the subject and the body is disposed at the pinna.

19. A physiological measurement patch formed by the apparatus for detecting and estimating physiological parameters of microvasculature according to claim 1, wherein said physiological measurement patch is applied to the epidermis of the skin of the subject, and when the opening of the body faces the epidermis of the skin, the light source module and the light sensing module contact the epidermis of the skin of the subject through the opening of the body to obtain the photoplethysmography signal.

20. A spectacle-type measuring apparatus formed by the physiological parameter measuring and estimating device of microvasculature as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spectacle-type measuring apparatus is applied to the ear of the subject, said opening of said body is adjacent to the auricle, such that said light source module and said light sensing module contact the skin epidermis of the auricle of the subject through said opening to obtain said photoplethysmography signal.

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