CN115428812B - 3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用 - Google Patents

3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用 Download PDF

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CN115428812B
CN115428812B CN202211061025.3A CN202211061025A CN115428812B CN 115428812 B CN115428812 B CN 115428812B CN 202211061025 A CN202211061025 A CN 202211061025A CN 115428812 B CN115428812 B CN 115428812B
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thrips
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phellandrene
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韩冬银
邢楚明
朱文静
李磊
符悦冠
张方平
陈俊谕
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CATAS Environment and Plant Protection Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开一种3‑蒈烯、α‑水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用。本发明所述的3‑蒈烯、α‑水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油均为已商业化的产品，使用方便，易于推广，可以有效弥补相关领域的空白，推进蓟马防治工作的进展。

Description

3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面 的应用
本申请为申请号2021111521534，申请日2021-09-29，专利名称“一种茶黄蓟马驱避剂”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于害虫防治技术领域，具体涉及3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用。
背景技术
蓟马隶属于缨翅目(Thysanoptera)蓟马科(Thripidae)，是世界性分布的多食性害虫，全世界范围内超过5000种，目前我国已记录的蓟马种类有124属336种，蓟马因具有个体小易隐蔽、繁殖能力强、发育速度快、易随气流扩散等特点，防控难度较大。茶黄蓟马(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hoods)属缨翅目蓟马科，茶黄蓟马趋嫩性强，主要以成虫、若虫为害新梢、花穗及幼果。不同蓟马的生物学特性有所差异，不同蓟马对于不同条件的趋化性也有所不同。例如耿双双(2017)在“西花蓟马和花蓟马聚集信息素田间引诱试验及其在种间互作中的作用”中指出当neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的剂量为10 000ng，(R)-lavandulyl acetate和neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的比例为1:8时，对西花蓟马成虫的引诱效果最佳；当neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的剂量为5 000ng，(R)-lavandulylacetate和neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的比例为1:4时，对花蓟马成虫的引诱效果最佳。
当前生产上针对蓟马的防治还是以化学防治为主导，加上防治过程中频繁施药、造成其易产生抗药性；另外，近年来，高毒药剂限用等诸多原因，不仅增加了防治成本，而且难以达到理想的效果及进行有效的可持续防控。针对当前蓟马防控现状及需求，寻找可持续的蓟马防治方法是实现蓟马绿色防控的基础。利用昆虫的趋化性进行害虫的监测和防治是防治蓟马的有效措施之一，昆虫的趋化性包括驱避和引诱两个方向，即对害虫的“推-拉”。当前利用植物挥发性次生物质和昆虫信息素等对香蕉花蓟马、西花蓟马等种类进行引诱剂研发的报道多一些，用于蓟马的驱避剂研究报道较少，可用于茶黄蓟马的驱避剂更是稀少。李晓维等(专利申请号202010251520.5)α-蒎烯、D(+)-樟脑、β-月桂烯和乙酸龙脑酯等对西花蓟马有驱避剂作用。加快筛选、研制新的蓟马引诱剂或驱避剂有利于推进蓟马引诱剂商品化进程及其应用。
发明内容
本发明提供一种茶黄蓟马驱避剂以及3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用。
本发明技术方案主要包括以下内容：
本发明涉及一种茶黄蓟马驱避剂，包括以下成分：α-蛇麻烯、α-蒎烯、芳樟醇、3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油、大蒜精油或薄荷精油。
本发明进一步涉及3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、香茅精油或大蒜精油在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用。
优选的，所述香茅精油和大蒜精油的浓度分别为1～10mg/mL。
优选的，所述α-蛇麻烯、α-蒎烯、芳樟醇、3-蒈烯或α-水芹烯的浓度分别为1mg/mL。
优选的，所述茶黄蓟马为茶黄蓟马成虫。
本发明所取得的效果：
目前市面上缺少针对蓟马(特别是茶黄蓟马)的驱避剂，本发明提供的茶黄蓟马驱避剂可以有效弥补相关领域的空白，推进蓟马防治工作的进展。
本发明所提供的驱避剂成分均为已商业化的产品，使用方便，易于推广。
茶黄蓟马成虫极活跃，发育速度快，繁殖力强，具有转移为害习性，危害大。本发明提供的驱避剂对茶黄蓟马成虫的趋避效果明显，可实现良好的防治效果。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
试验例1
1.1蓟马采集、饲养
茶黄蓟马采自海南儋州中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所芒果种资圃和海南东方岛西林场芒果基地，室内温度为25±3℃，以芒果嫩叶为食物将蓟马饲养在50*50cm的养虫笼内。挑选活跃的成虫进行室内试验。
1.2试剂
α-Humulene(α-蛇麻烯)：Sigma试剂中国公司，纯度≧98％
α-Pinene(α-蒎烯)：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司，纯度≧99％
Linalool(芳樟醇)：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司，纯度≧99％
3-Carene(3-蒈烯)：Sigma试剂中国公司，纯度≧99％
α-Phellandrene(α-水芹烯)：Sigma试剂中国公司，纯度≧95％
α-Terpineol(α-松油醇)：Sigma试剂中国公司，纯度≧90％
Benzeneacetaldehyde(苯乙醛)：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司，纯度≧99％
Methyl salicylate(水杨酸甲酯)：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司，纯度≧99％
香茅精油、大蒜精油均为广州大漠公司生产。
1.3嗅觉仪装置
利用Y型嗅觉仪测定蓟马雌成虫对不同物质的趋避活性。Y型嗅觉仪由玻璃制成，适应臂和测试臂均为60mm，内径均为5mm，两个测试臂之间的夹角为60°；以气泵为动力，分成两支，空气经活性炭、超纯水过滤后、连接一个空气流量计(控制气体流速)、100mL的广口瓶(气味源)后再与Y型管的测试臂相连，各部件之间用硅胶管相连。试验温度：25±1℃、相对湿度70±5％。
1.4趋避活性测定
用移液枪吸取50μL挥发油液体滴加到滤纸条上，放入与Y型管一侧臂连接的广口瓶中作为气味源，与另一侧臂相连的广口瓶中放入滴有50uL石蜡油的滤纸条，作为对比气味源；两侧臂空气流量计的流速均设置为60mL/min。将单头茶黄蓟马成虫释放至Y型管基部，观察3min内成虫的行为反应。当成虫越过侧试臂30mm处，则记为试虫对该臂所连接的气味源做出选择；若成虫放入3min后未作出选择，则记为不反应。每组处理测试茶黄蓟马雌成虫60头，每测试完10头试虫，更换新的Y型管。试验在25±1℃的环境下进行。每天测试完成后用乙醇清洗Y型管、味源瓶与连接胶管等。统计试虫选择结果，并计算驱避率。
2活性测定结果
2.1化合物对茶黄蓟马的趋避活性测定
从表1可看出α-蛇麻烯、α-蒎烯、芳樟醇、3-蒈烯及α-水芹烯标准品用石蜡油进行稀释，浓度为1mg/mL时对茶黄蓟马的趋避率分别为66.67％、63.33％、71.67％、76.67％、80.00％和78.33％，较石蜡油对照均有显著的趋避效果，经χ2检验，差异显著。
表1植物挥发物标准品对茶黄蓟马的趋避活性测定
注：**表示差异显著p<0.01，*表示差异显著p<0.05，ns表示差异不显著。下同。
2.2植物精油对茶黄蓟马的趋避活性测定
从表2可看出香茅精油和大蒜精油用石蜡油进行稀释，浓度为1mg/mL及10mg/mL时对茶黄蓟马均有良好的趋避作用，趋避率达73.33％以上，经χ2检验较石蜡油对照差异显著。
表2植物精油对茶黄蓟马的趋避活性测定
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.α-水芹烯在驱避茶黄蓟马方面的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述α-水芹烯的浓度为1mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述蓟马为茶黄蓟马成虫。
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