CN115426595A - Narrow space internal sound field regulation and control method - Google Patents
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- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling a sound field in a narrow space, which solves the problems that the existing narrow space has high modal frequency, cannot be controlled by a trap method of a large space, has no reverberation time, causes a sound field sensed by a human body to be smaller and causes oppressive feeling; the sound mode problem in a narrow space can be reduced under the condition of keeping the whole size and quality of the mute cabin by arranging the sound insulation layer made of the metamaterial in the wall layer of the narrow space; the reverberation time which cannot exist in a narrow space can be effectively generated in the narrow space through the design of combining a control method and a metamaterial, and the reverberation time of the narrow space is effectively improved and the sound reproduction effect of the narrow space is optimized due to the fact that the traditional room pulse function is adjusted according to the characteristics of the narrow space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the technical field of sound field control in a narrow space, and particularly relates to a sound field regulation and control method in the narrow space.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of personalized demands of consumption habits of people and the emphasis on private quiet environments, independent small spaces (such as a quiet cabin and an intelligent cockpit) are used more and more frequently. Such as airports, convention and exhibition centers, high-end communities, superstores and office buildings, and even mobile intelligent cabins, a private independent work space needs to be created. Wherein safety, give sound insulation, environmental protection, nimble provide for open space and concentrate on the power solution, reduce mutual interference in various scenes, nevertheless to narrow and small space, the acoustics is experienced the basic demand that narrow and small space is born, also the most need consider when the design in narrow and small space.
At present, in order to form a better acoustic experience, a traditional large space generally needs to be designed for an internal sound field. With or without a sound reinforcement system (horn), sound field design can be divided into acoustic environment design and sound reinforcement system design. In the aspect of acoustic environment design, an architectural acoustic designer needs to optimize the reverberation time of a room, the sound insulation quantity of the room, background noise and the like; in terms of the design of the sound reinforcement system, in an environment with a speaker, it is usually necessary to consider introducing an algorithm to further regulate and control an internal sound reinforcement sound field, such as feedback suppression, virtual sound field control, and the like. In terms of realizing the path, the design aspect of the sound environment mainly needs to adjust the reverberation time by optimizing materials and structures and regulating and controlling sound absorption and insulation coefficients inside a sound field.
However, for a narrow space, the space is different from a large space, a sound field in the narrow space is very complex and uneven, some sound field reconstruction and regulation technologies suitable for the large space are not suitable for the narrow space, such as reverberation time, and the reverberation time does not actually exist in the narrow space because the narrow space cannot form a reverberation field; since the small space has a relatively small size, the modal frequency is relatively high, and in addition, due to the size, the speakers cannot be sufficiently distributed, so that the sound reinforcement system cannot be effectively deployed in the small space.
To sum up, the following problems exist in the current narrow space:
1. the modal frequency is high, and cannot be controlled by a trap method in a large space;
2. the absence of reverberation time results in a smaller sound field perceived by the human body, which can lead to a feeling of depression.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling a sound field in a narrow space, which solves the problems that the high-frequency mode of the existing narrow space is difficult to control, reverberation does not exist, the sound field perceived by a human body is small, and the oppressive feeling is caused.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a narrow space internal sound field regulation and control method which comprises the steps of arranging a sound absorption layer in a wall layer of a narrow space and increasing the reverberation time of a narrow space playback system by using a virtual reverberation control method to reduce the oppressive feeling of a user, wherein the sound absorption layer is prepared from a super-structure material.
Further, the design of the sound insulation layer made of the metamaterial in the narrow space interlayer is completed through the following process:
step 1, establishing a physical model of a narrow space, and establishing a metamaterial model through theoretical calculation;
step 2, correcting the theoretical calculation model according to the modal suppression effect of the simulation on the narrow space, and further iterating the metamaterial;
step 3, performing sample trial production after the simulation verification is passed;
and 4, trial-manufacturing the sample to be applied to a narrow space.
Further, in the simulation process in the step 2, a finite element analysis method is adopted to analyze the physical properties of the narrow space structure, and the test is performed by a simulation analysis method with frequency division.
Further, the simulation analysis method of the frequency division band comprises calculation of sound insulation performance in a low frequency region, calculation of sound insulation performance in a medium frequency region and calculation of sound insulation performance in a high frequency region.
Furthermore, an equivalent method is adopted for calculating the sound insulation performance of the low-frequency region, a finite element method considering boundary conditions and damping loss factors is adopted for calculating the sound insulation performance of the medium-frequency region, and a statistical energy method is adopted for calculating the sound insulation performance of the high-frequency region.
Further, the virtual reverberation control method includes using an audio algorithm controller connected between the audio source and the speaker.
Further, the audio algorithm controller employs a room impulse function as a convolution kernel, the room impulse function including direct sound, early reflected sound, and reverberant sound.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method for regulating and controlling the sound field in the narrow space, the sound absorbing layer made of the metamaterial is arranged in the wall layer of the narrow space, and due to the designable characteristic of the metamaterial, the problem of the sound mode in the narrow space can be greatly reduced under the condition that the overall size and quality of a mute cabin are kept; meanwhile, the reverberation time which cannot exist in a narrow space can be effectively generated in the narrow space through the design of combining the virtual reverberation control method with the acoustic metamaterial, and the reverberation time of the narrow space is effectively improved due to the fact that the traditional room pulse function is adjusted according to the characteristics of the narrow space, so that mismatching of a physical space and an acoustic space cannot be caused, and the acoustic playback effect of the narrow space is optimized. In addition, the problem of reverberation space feeling of a narrow space is solved, on the basis of using sound insulation metamaterial, background sound is used in the narrow closed space, the effect of masking sound about 10dB can be achieved, active and passive noise reduction quiet experience in the narrow space is comprehensively improved, the sound insulation effect is improved by 5-10dB under the condition that the thickness of a traditional attraction module is not remarkably increased, and the acoustic space feeling is improved in the aspect of acoustic experience.
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Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a metamaterial acoustic barrier design in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a virtual reverberation control system in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The traditional sound insulation performance in a large space can be completed by using a mass law, a thicker wall is adopted to increase the sound insulation quantity, and structures with different thicknesses can be adopted for combined sound absorption in the aspect of sound absorption materials. However, in a small space, due to the limitation of weighing and self volume, the sound absorption and sound insulation performance cannot be designed by adopting the traditional sound insulation and sound absorption material and the processing mode, so that the sound absorption or sound insulation performance can be provided to the maximum extent by adopting the combination of materials with different performance in a limited space, and the new challenging requirement is provided for the application of the materials.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for reconstructing and regulating an internal sound field in a narrow space provided by the present invention is a comprehensive system integrating a physical sound field and an algorithm application, and a physical space is a basic condition for sound field reconstruction; therefore, a sound absorbing layer is arranged in a wall layer of a narrow space, and a virtual reverberation control method is used for increasing the reverberation time of a narrow space playback system so as to reduce the oppressive feeling of a user, wherein the sound absorbing layer is prepared from an acoustic super-structure material which is designed by performing a sequence of structure on the material on a characteristic physical scale so that the material can obtain a composite material which is artificially designed and manufactured and has a specific structure and has super-acoustic performance which is not possessed by a conventional material, because the acoustic performance material occupies the volume of the small space and has the weight as small as possible, and the sound insulating or sound absorbing performance needs to keep a certain characteristic. Compared with the traditional acoustic material, the acoustic metamaterial can break through the limitation of the physical size of the traditional material, utilizes the coupling interaction and the local resonance effect, converts acoustic energy into heat energy through the resonance effect of the artificial microstructure, realizes broadband high-efficiency sound absorption under the smaller volume thickness, and therefore performs internal mode suppression through the acoustic metamaterial.
Referring to fig. 1, further, the design of the sound insulation layer of the metamaterial in the narrow space partition layer is completed by the following process:
step 1, establishing a physical model of a narrow space, and establishing a metamaterial model through theoretical calculation;
step 2, correcting the theoretical calculation model according to the modal suppression effect of the simulation on the narrow space, and further iterating the metamaterial;
step 3, performing sample trial production after the simulation verification is passed;
and 4, trial-manufacturing the sample to be applied to a narrow space.
Wherein, the physical property of the narrow space structure is analyzed by adopting a finite element analysis method in the simulation process in the step 2; analysis of the sound insulation performance of the structure for the multi-sandwich panel: firstly, analyzing the sound insulation characteristic of a single-layer plate with a single interlayer made of polyester fiber materials, keel sheet metals, wood plates and glass wool, and determining a simulation method by a method combining theory, simulation and test.
The sound insulation simulation analysis aiming at flame retardance, metal plates, super-structure materials, wood plates and other complex structures is as follows: a simulation analysis method of frequency division bands is applied to improve the simulation accuracy of the wide-frequency-band wide sound insulation quantity of the multilayer complex plate. The simulation analysis method of the frequency division band comprises the steps of calculating the sound insulation performance of a low-frequency region, calculating the sound insulation performance of a medium-frequency region and calculating the sound insulation of a high-frequency region; calculating the sound insulation performance of the complex plate in a low-frequency area (namely a rigidity control area) by adopting an equivalent method; performing sound insulation calculation on the complex plate by adopting a finite element method considering boundary conditions and damping loss factors in the sound insulation performance calculation of the medium-frequency region; the sound insulation performance in the high-frequency region is calculated by a statistical energy method.
The comprehensive sound insulation amount of the full-band distributed multi-layer plate is calculated to be matched with sound insulation calculation of a glass cotton, wood and flame-retardant material multi-interlayer mute cabin structure, so that the mute cabin design of customized sound insulation requirements according to actual conditions of consumers is realized.
Further, referring to fig. 2, for the problem that the reverberation time in the narrow space is not small, a virtual reverberation control method is adopted, that is, a specific algorithm controller is added in the narrow space to increase the overall reverberation of the system; the virtual reverberation control method comprises the steps that an audio controller is adopted, the audio controller is connected between a sound source and a loudspeaker, and most direct sound is in a narrow space, so that a room pulse function is adopted by an audio algorithm controller as a convolution kernel, the room pulse function comprises the direct sound, early reflected sound and reverberant sound, and reverberation generated by the virtual reverberation control method is brought by the convolution kernel, so that the overall reverberation of the system is increased; due to the particularity of the small space, the speaker needs to be as close as possible to the listener in the small space.
In summary, the following steps: by arranging the sound absorbing layer made of the super-structure material in the wall layer of the narrow space, the problem of the acoustic mode in the narrow space can be greatly reduced under the condition of keeping the overall size and quality of the mute cabin due to the designable characteristic of the super-structure material; meanwhile, the reverberation time which cannot exist in a narrow space can be effectively generated in the narrow space through the design of combining the virtual reverberation control method with the acoustic metamaterial, and the reverberation time of the narrow space is effectively improved due to the fact that the traditional room pulse function is adjusted according to the characteristics of the narrow space, so that mismatching of a physical space and an acoustic space cannot be caused, and the acoustic playback effect of the narrow space is optimized. In addition, the problem of reverberation space feeling of a narrow space is solved, on the basis of using sound insulation metamaterial, background sound is used in the narrow closed space, the effect of masking sound about 10dB can be achieved, active and passive noise reduction quiet experience in the narrow space is comprehensively improved, the sound insulation effect is improved by 5-10dB under the condition that the thickness of a traditional attraction module is not remarkably increased, and the acoustic space feeling is improved in the aspect of acoustic experience.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for regulating and controlling a sound field in a narrow space is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of arranging a sound absorption layer in a wall layer of a narrow space and increasing the reverberation time of a playback system of the narrow space by using a virtual reverberation control method so as to reduce the oppressive feeling of a user, wherein the sound absorption layer is prepared from a super-structure material.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the sound field in the narrow space according to claim 1, wherein: the design of the sound insulation layer made of the metamaterial in the narrow space interlayer is completed through the following processes:
step 1, establishing a physical model of a narrow space, and establishing a metamaterial model through theoretical calculation;
step 2, correcting the theoretical calculation model according to the modal suppression effect of the simulation on the narrow space, and further iterating the metamaterial;
step 3, performing sample trial production after the simulation verification is passed;
and 4, trial-manufacturing the sample to be applied to a narrow space.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the sound field in the narrow space according to claim 2, wherein: in the simulation process in the step 2, a finite element analysis method is adopted to analyze the physical properties of the narrow space structure, and the test is carried out by a sub-band simulation analysis method.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the sound field in the narrow space according to claim 3, wherein: the simulation analysis method of the frequency division band comprises the steps of calculating the sound insulation performance of a low-frequency region, calculating the sound insulation performance of a medium-frequency region and calculating the sound insulation of a high-frequency region.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the sound field in the narrow space according to claim 4, wherein: the sound insulation performance of the low-frequency region is calculated by adopting an equivalent method, the sound insulation performance of the medium-frequency region is calculated by adopting a finite element method considering boundary conditions and damping loss factors, and the sound insulation performance of the high-frequency region is calculated by adopting a statistical energy method.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the sound field inside the narrow space according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the virtual reverberation control method includes using an audio algorithm controller connected between an audio source and a speaker.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the audio algorithm controller adopts a room impulse function as the convolution kernel, and the room impulse function includes direct sound, early reflected sound and reverberant sound.
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