CN115425964A - PT (potential Transformer) symmetry principle-based frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system and detection method thereof - Google Patents
PT (potential Transformer) symmetry principle-based frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115425964A CN115425964A CN202211120484.4A CN202211120484A CN115425964A CN 115425964 A CN115425964 A CN 115425964A CN 202211120484 A CN202211120484 A CN 202211120484A CN 115425964 A CN115425964 A CN 115425964A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
- H03K19/0175—Coupling arrangements; Interface arrangements
- H03K19/017509—Interface arrangements
Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle and a detection method thereof, wherein the circuit system comprises: the device comprises an inductance-capacitance-positive resistance parallel resonance loss resonance module, an adjustable coupling module and an inductance-capacitance-negative resistance parallel gain resonance module; the loss resonance module and the gain resonance module are connected through the adjustable capacitance coupling module to form a PT symmetrical system; the signal is transmitted from the loss resonance module to the gain resonance module in a forward direction, and is transmitted in a reverse direction otherwise. The coupling coefficient between the loss module and the gain module is changed by changing the adjustable capacitive coupling module, so that the transmission frequency of the system is changed. And adjusting the amplitude of a transmission signal, and realizing the difference between a forward transmission coefficient and a reverse transmission coefficient by using the saturation property of a negative resistor in the gain resonance module so as to realize non-reciprocal transmission. The system has the advantages of high nonreciprocal ratio, low insertion loss and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of two-port transmission systems, and particularly relates to a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on a PT (potential transformer) symmetry principle and a detection method thereof.
Background
The two-port transmission circuit is divided into a reciprocal transmission circuit and a non-reciprocal transmission circuit. The reciprocal transmission circuit is defined in that the transmission of signals between two ports is the same, so the reciprocal transmission circuit has no directivity and is generally constructed by using a fully passive element. In contrast to the reciprocal transmission circuit, the definition of the non-reciprocal transmission circuit is that the transmission of signals between two ports is different, the port changing the input signal can see different output signal amplitudes at the other port, and the port has directivity, and is usually built by using a magnetic element or a nonlinear active element. Non-reciprocal transmission of acoustic signals and electrical signals can be constructed using non-reciprocal transmission circuits, which are commonly used to construct circulators and isolators. The current non-reciprocal transmission system can only realize the non-reciprocal transmission of a single frequency signal, if the frequency of the signal changes, a non-reciprocal transmission system needs to be newly manufactured, which greatly increases the cost and inconvenience in application and is not suitable for the application environment with variable frequency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a frequency-tunable non-reciprocal transmission system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on a PT (potential transformer) symmetry principle and a detection method thereof, wherein a coupling module of the PT symmetry system is constructed by using an adjustable capacitor, so that the transmission signal frequency adjustment of the PT symmetry system in a defect area is realized, and the non-reciprocal transmission of signals between two ports is realized by utilizing the nonlinearity of a trans-impedance amplifier, so that the technical problems that the current non-reciprocal transmission system can only realize the non-reciprocal transmission of a single-frequency signal, and if the signal frequency is changed, a non-reciprocal transmission system needs to be newly manufactured, so that the cost and inconvenience are greatly increased in application and application, and the system is not suitable for an application environment with variable frequency are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a frequency-adjustable nonreciprocal transmission system based on PT (potential transformer) symmetry principle comprises a loss resonant circuit, a gain resonant circuit and an adjustable coupling module, wherein the gain resonant circuit is formed by connecting a second inductor, a positive resistor and a negative resistor in parallel, and the negative resistor is formed by a trans-resistance amplifier; when the trans-impedance amplifier works in a linear region, the negative resistance is a constant value negative resistance which does not change along with the input voltage; when the trans-impedance amplifier works in a negative saturation region, the resistance value of the negative resistor is a negative resistor controlled by the input voltage; the loss resonant circuit and the gain resonant circuit are coupled together through the adjustable coupling module, and the coupling coefficient between the loss resonant circuit and the gain resonant circuit is changed by changing the coupling capacitance of the adjustable coupling module, so that the transmission frequency of the system is changed.
Furthermore, the loss resonant circuit is formed by connecting a first inductor, a first capacitor and a positive resistor in parallel.
Further, the transimpedance amplifier comprises a first resistor, an operational amplifier, a second resistor and a third resistor; the first resistor is connected between the homodromous input end and the output end of the operational amplifier, the second negative resistor is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier, and one end of the third resistor is grounded and connected with the second resistor.
Furthermore, the adjustable coupling module is composed of an adjustable capacitor.
Furthermore, a first inductor and a positive resistor in the loss resonant circuit are respectively equal to a second inductor and a negative resistor in the gain resonant circuit.
Furthermore, the resistance value of the positive resistor in the loss resonant circuit is equal to the absolute value of the resistance value of the negative resistor in the gain resonant circuit when the negative resistor works in the linear region.
A detection method of a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle comprises the following steps:
step 1, adjusting the resistance value of a transimpedance amplifier to enable the absolute value of the equivalent negative resistance value of the linear area of the transimpedance amplifier to be equal to the absolute value of the positive resistance of a loss resonance circuit, and enabling a system to be in a PT symmetrical state;
step 2, adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module to be within
Meanwhile, the system is in a PT symmetrical defect area; wherein C is L Is a loss resonant circuit capacitance, R L Is the positive resistance of the loss resonant circuit, L L Is a loss resonant circuit inductance;
step 4, adjusting the adjustable capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module to ensure that the adjustable capacitance value is within the range
The system signal transmission frequency is changed to form a non-reciprocal transmission system with tunable transmission frequency.
The frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on the PT symmetry principle and the detection method thereof have the following advantages:
the invention changes the coupling coefficient between the loss module and the gain module by changing the adjustable capacitive coupling module, thereby changing the transmission frequency of the system. And adjusting the amplitude of the transmission signal, and realizing the difference between a forward transmission coefficient and a reverse transmission coefficient by using the saturation property of a negative resistor in the gain resonance module so as to realize non-reciprocal transmission. The system has the advantages of high nonreciprocal ratio, low insertion loss and adjustable frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle according to the present invention;
the symbols in the figure illustrate: 1. a loss resonant circuit; 2. a gain resonant circuit; 3. an adjustable coupling module; 11. a first capacitor; 12. a positive resistance; 13. a first inductor; 21. a second capacitor; 22. a negative resistance; 23. a second inductor; 221. a first resistor; 222. an operational amplifier; 223. a second resistor; 224. and a third resistor.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the following describes a frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle and its detection method in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The PT symmetrical system can be divided into three working areas, namely a PT symmetrical area, a PT symmetrical critical point and a PT symmetrical damaged area according to the relation between the coupling coefficient and the loss factor. When the coupling coefficient is greater than the critical coupling coefficient, the system is in a PT symmetrical area, the system resonant frequency of the PT symmetrical area is two unequal real numbers, the signal amplitude of the loss resonant circuit is the same as the signal amplitude of the gain resonant circuit, and the system can be applied to constant amplitude transmission of signals; when the coupling coefficient is equal to the critical coupling coefficient, the system is at a PT symmetrical critical point, the system resonance frequencies of the PT symmetrical critical point can be combined into a real number frequency, when the system has perturbation, the real number frequency can be split, and the split frequency difference value is very sensitive to the perturbation and is often applied to the design of a high-sensitivity sensor; when the coupling coefficient is smaller than the critical coupling coefficient, the system is located in a PT symmetrical defect area, the system resonance frequency of the PT symmetrical defect area is a complex number with the same real part and opposite imaginary parts, the signal amplitude of the loss resonance circuit is exponentially reduced along with time, the signal amplitude of the gain resonance circuit is exponentially increased along with time, and due to the nonlinearity of the negative resistance device, the signal amplitude of the gain resonance circuit is nonlinearly amplified after the trans-impedance amplifier enters a negative saturation area, so that the transmission coefficients in two transmission directions are unequal, and the system can be applied to the construction of a nonreciprocal transmission system.
As shown in fig. 1, a frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle is composed of a loss resonant circuit 1, a gain resonant circuit 2 and a tunable coupling module 3, where the gain resonant circuit 2 is composed of a second inductor 23, a positive resistor 12 and a negative resistor 22 connected in parallel, where the negative resistor 22 is composed of a transimpedance amplifier; when the transimpedance amplifier operates in the linear region, the negative resistor 22 is a constant-value negative resistor which does not change with the input voltage; when the transimpedance amplifier operates in the negative saturation region, the resistance value of the negative resistor 22 is a negative resistor controlled by the input voltage; the loss resonant circuit 1 and the gain resonant circuit 2 are coupled together through the adjustable coupling module 3, and the coupling coefficient between the loss resonant circuit 1 and the gain resonant circuit 2 is changed by changing the coupling capacitance of the adjustable coupling module 3, so that the transmission frequency of the system is changed.
The loss resonant circuit 1 is formed by connecting a first inductor 13, a first capacitor 11 and a positive resistor 12 in parallel.
The transimpedance amplifier includes a first resistor 221, an operational amplifier 222, a second resistor 223, and a third resistor 224; the first resistor 221 is connected between the non-inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 222, the second negative resistor 223 is connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 222, and the third resistor 224 is grounded at one end and is connected to the second resistor 223.
The adjustable coupling module 3 is formed by an adjustable capacitor.
The first inductor 13 and the positive resistor 12 in the loss resonant circuit 1 are equal to the second inductor 23 and the negative resistor 22 in the gain resonant circuit 2, respectively.
The resistance of the positive resistor 11 in the loss resonant circuit 1 is equal to the absolute value of the resistance of the gain resonant circuit in which the negative resistor 21 operates in the linear region.
The first resistor 221, the second resistor 223 and the third resistor 224 are adjusted to satisfy the formula
Wherein R is 1 Is a first resistor 221, R 2 Is the second resistor 223, R 3 Is a third resistor 224.
Defining the symbol of the loss factor as gamma, the loss factor satisfies the formula
Wherein C L Is a loss resonant circuit capacitor 11, R L Is a loss resonant circuit positive resistance 12, L L Is a lossy resonant circuit inductance 13.
Defining the sign of the capacitive coupling coefficient as c, the capacitive coupling coefficient satisfies the formula
Setting the capacitance variation range of the capacitance adjustable coupling module to meet the formula
And ensuring that the system works in a PT symmetrical defect area. The capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module (3) is adjusted and then in a negative saturation region of the trans-impedance amplifier (22)The forward transmission coefficient and the reverse transmission coefficient are measured under the condition, and a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system can be realized.
The specific working process is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 1, the operational amplifier 222, the first resistor 221, the second resistor 223 and the third resistor 224 form a transimpedance amplifier, and the linear region resistance of the transimpedance amplifier is adjusted to satisfy the formula in the initial state
When the amplitude of the signal is increased, the trans-impedance amplifier enters a saturation region;
the value range of the capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module is set to satisfy
And giving a proper input signal amplitude to enable the trans-impedance amplifier module to be in a negative saturation region in reverse transmission and in a linear region in forward transmission, and then measuring a forward transmission coefficient and a reverse transmission coefficient under the condition that the signal frequency is changed by fixing the signal amplitude.
In that
And adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module within the range and repeating the steps to obtain a frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission measurement result.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A frequency-adjustable nonreciprocal transmission system based on a PT (potential transformer) symmetry principle is characterized by comprising a loss resonant circuit (1), a gain resonant circuit (2) and an adjustable coupling module (3), wherein the gain resonant circuit (2) is formed by connecting a second inductor (23), a positive resistor (12) and a negative resistor (22) in parallel, and the negative resistor (22) is formed by a transimpedance amplifier; when the trans-impedance amplifier works in a linear region, the negative resistance (22) is a constant value negative resistance which does not change along with the input voltage; when the trans-resistance amplifier works in a negative saturation region, the resistance value of the negative resistor (22) is a negative resistor controlled by the input voltage; the loss resonant circuit (1) and the gain resonant circuit (2) are coupled together through the adjustable coupling module (3), and the coupling coefficient between the loss resonant circuit (1) and the gain resonant circuit (2) is changed by changing the coupling capacitance of the adjustable coupling module (3), so that the transmission frequency of the system is changed.
2. The frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system according to the PT symmetry principle of claim 1, wherein the lossy resonant circuit (1) is formed by a first inductor (13), a first capacitor (11) and a positive resistor (12) connected in parallel.
3. The PT symmetry principle based frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system of claim 2, wherein the transimpedance amplifier includes a first resistor (221), an operational amplifier (222), a second resistor (223), a third resistor (224); the first resistor (221) is connected between the homodromous input end and the output end of the operational amplifier (222), the second negative resistor (223) is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier (222), and one end of the third resistor (224) is grounded and is connected with the second resistor (223).
4. The frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle of claim 3 characterized in that the tunable coupling module (3) is constituted by a tunable capacitor.
5. The PT symmetrical principle based frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system of claim 4, characterized in that the first inductor (13), the positive resistor (12) in the loss resonance circuit (1) are equal to the second inductor (23), the negative resistor (22) in the gain resonance circuit (2), respectively.
6. The frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system according to the PT symmetry principle of claim 5, characterized in that the positive resistance (11) in the loss resonant circuit (1) has a resistance value equal to the absolute value of the resistance value of the gain resonant circuit when the negative resistance (21) is operated in the linear region.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method for detecting the frequency tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on PT symmetry principle comprises the following steps:
step 1, adjusting the resistance value of a transimpedance amplifier to enable the absolute value of the equivalent negative resistance value of the linear area of the transimpedance amplifier to be equal to the absolute value of a positive resistance (12) of a loss resonance circuit (1), and enabling a system to be in a PT symmetrical state;
step 2, adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module (3) to be within the range
Meanwhile, the system is in a PT symmetrical defect area; wherein C is L Is a loss resonant circuit capacitance (11), R L Is a positive resistance (12), L, of a loss resonant circuit L Is a loss resonant circuit inductance (13);
step 3, adjusting the amplitude of an input signal, defining that the transmission of the signal from the loss resonant circuit (1) to the gain resonant circuit (2) is forward transmission, wherein the negative resistor (22) works in a linear region at the moment, defining that the transmission of the signal from the gain resonant circuit (2) to the loss resonant circuit (1) is reverse transmission, and wherein the negative resistor (22) works in a negative saturation region at the moment, and forming nonreciprocal transmission by the system due to the fact that the equivalent negative resistors of the trans-impedance amplifier are different during forward transmission and reverse transmission;
step 4, adjusting the adjustable capacitance value of the adjustable coupling module (3) to ensure that the adjustable capacitance value is within the range
Change in betweenAnd the transmission frequency of system signals is changed to form a nonreciprocal transmission system with tunable transmission frequency.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211120484.4A CN115425964A (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | PT (potential Transformer) symmetry principle-based frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system and detection method thereof |
| PCT/CN2023/074608 WO2024055501A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-02-06 | Frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on pt symmetry principle and detection method therefor |
| PCT/CN2023/088236 WO2024055581A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2023-04-13 | Frequency-tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on pt symmetry principle, and detection method therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211120484.4A CN115425964A (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | PT (potential Transformer) symmetry principle-based frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system and detection method thereof |
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| CN115425964A true CN115425964A (en) | 2022-12-02 |
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| CN202211120484.4A Pending CN115425964A (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | PT (potential Transformer) symmetry principle-based frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system and detection method thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN115425964A (en) |
| WO (2) | WO2024055501A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116259944A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-06-13 | 东南大学 | Circulator based on principle of space-time symmetry |
| WO2024055581A1 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | 东南大学 | Frequency-tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on pt symmetry principle, and detection method therefor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9503040B1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-11-22 | Maxlinear Asia Singapore PTE LTD | Method and apparatus for changing the gain of a radio frequency signal |
| US11048990B2 (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2021-06-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Resonance-based inductive communication via frequency sweeping |
| CN112531922B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-09-20 | 南京理工大学 | Information feedback system based on space scale-time symmetric circuit |
| CN113241857A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Bilateral LC compensation type ECPT system based on space-symmetric time symmetry and design method thereof |
| CN113701789B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-11-29 | 东南大学 | Passive wireless LC neutral sensor based on negative resistance circuit |
| CN113671247B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-02-24 | 东南大学 | Online microwave power sensor based on PT symmetrical circuit |
| CN114204697B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-10-03 | 沈阳工业大学 | Wireless energy transmission system based on PT symmetry principle and control method |
| CN114812371A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-07-29 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Metal film thickness detection system based on PT symmetrical circuit |
| CN115425964A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-02 | 东南大学 | PT (potential Transformer) symmetry principle-based frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system and detection method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-09-15 CN CN202211120484.4A patent/CN115425964A/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-02-06 WO PCT/CN2023/074608 patent/WO2024055501A1/en unknown
- 2023-04-13 WO PCT/CN2023/088236 patent/WO2024055581A1/en unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024055581A1 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | 东南大学 | Frequency-tunable non-reciprocal transmission system based on pt symmetry principle, and detection method therefor |
| WO2024055501A1 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | 东南大学 | Frequency-adjustable non-reciprocal transmission system based on pt symmetry principle and detection method therefor |
| CN116259944A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-06-13 | 东南大学 | Circulator based on principle of space-time symmetry |
| CN116259944B (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2024-01-30 | 东南大学 | Circulator based on principle of space-time symmetry |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2024055581A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
| WO2024055501A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
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