CN115423771A - Quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label identification method based on characteristic inconsistency - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label method based on characteristic non-uniformity, which comprises the following steps: collecting laser label information; extracting an anti-counterfeiting area in each frame of laser label image; calculating the fuzziness and average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image; determining the position of the central point of each laser powder block according to each divided laser powder block area; extracting the color distribution characteristics of each subarea of the anti-counterfeiting area image; extracting color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area; and determining the authenticity of the laser anti-counterfeiting label. The invention extracts the non-uniformity of the color distribution and the color change characteristic of the laser label so as to describe the unique characteristic of the random distribution of the laser patterns of the real laser anti-counterfeiting label, solves the problem of false identification of the false anti-counterfeiting label caused by the adoption of too single color change characteristic in the prior art, effectively improves the antagonism to the false anti-counterfeiting label and improves the identification accuracy of the laser anti-counterfeiting label.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of image processing, and further relates to a quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label identification method based on characteristic non-uniformity in the technical field of image identification. The invention can be applied to the counterfeit identification of the quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label of the commodity.
Background
A quasi-dynamic laser anti-fake label is a means for anti-fake identification of goods, and is characterized by that it uses laser holographic technique to print randomly and dynamically-generated complex laser patterns on the metal film, and these patterns can be seen from different angles to present diffraction patterns of various colours. The quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label identification is to identify the quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label on the commodity, and further determine the authenticity of the commodity. With the popularization of laser patterns, counterfeiters in the market forge anti-counterfeit labels by means of high simulation so as to forge products, so that the requirement for a robust counterfeit label identification method is continuously increased at present.
Hangzhou Wo Piao IOT technology, inc. discloses a method, a device, equipment and a medium for identifying and verifying counterfeit based on a quasi-dynamic laser label in the patent document 'identification and counterfeit verification method based on a quasi-dynamic laser label' (patent application No. 201910663889.4, application publication No. CN 110428028A). The method comprises the steps of firstly identifying and uploading bar code information, receiving seed information corresponding to the bar code information, then carrying out characteristic comparison on a laser label image and the seed information, finally analyzing the color change of a plurality of frames of laser label images, and judging whether the color change characteristics of the laser label are met. The method can achieve a better counterfeit checking result. However, the method still has the defects that the quality of the video frame image is not evaluated, namely whether the video frame image is clear or not and whether the brightness is uniform or not, so that the image with poor quality interferes with the color change characteristic extraction process, and only the color change characteristic of the laser label is concerned, so that the method cannot correctly identify the false anti-counterfeit label with similar color change due to single characteristic, and the identification precision of the false anti-counterfeit label is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label identification method based on characteristic inconsistency, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and solving the problems that the quality evaluation of an image is neglected in the identification process, and the false anti-counterfeit label is mistakenly identified due to the fact that the color change characteristic is single.
The idea for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the method evaluates the image quality of the video frame of the laser label image by calculating the variance and the average brightness of the laser label image, and screens out the video frame with uniform brightness and clear image from the evaluation result for subsequent identification. Because the image with overhigh brightness or uneven brightness is screened out by utilizing the image quality evaluation result, the interference of the abnormal brightness of the image on the color change characteristic extraction process is avoided, and the influence on the identification precision is reduced. The method extracts the non-uniformity of the color distribution and the color change characteristic of the laser label, namely extracts the color distribution of the laser pattern based on HSV color space analysis, extracts the color change of the laser pattern based on a frame difference method, and judges whether the color distribution or the non-uniformity of the change exists according to the difference of the color distribution and the color change of each area of the laser label. The color distribution inconsistency indicates that the on-off state of each laser powder block of the laser label is random, and the color tone of each laser powder block of the laser label presents diversity, wherein the on-off state refers to whether the laser powder block presents color or not. The color change non-uniformity represents that the color tone change of the laser pattern of the laser label in the multi-frame image is diversified. Because the two non-consistencies further describe the unique characteristic that the laser patterns of the real laser anti-counterfeiting label are randomly distributed, the antagonism to the false anti-counterfeiting label is effectively enhanced.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, collecting laser anti-counterfeit label information:
step 1.1, collecting a two-dimensional code image in a laser anti-counterfeiting label, analyzing the two-dimensional code image by using a two-dimensional code analysis algorithm, uploading obtained two-dimensional code information to a server, and calling seed information corresponding to the two-dimensional code information stored by the server;
step 1.2, collecting a laser anti-counterfeit label video;
step 2, extracting an anti-counterfeiting area in each frame of laser label image:
step 2.1, performing graying processing on each frame of RGB image of the laser anti-counterfeiting label in the laser anti-counterfeiting label video to obtain a grayscale image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label, extracting edge information in the grayscale image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label by using an edge detection method, outputting the edge image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label, analyzing the topological structure of the edge image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label by using a raster scanning and marking method, searching for a contour, and forming a candidate contour set;
2.2, screening anti-counterfeiting areas which accord with the shape characteristics and the area characteristics in each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label image from the candidate contour set by using the shape characteristics and the area characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting areas recorded in the seed information, and correcting the anti-counterfeiting areas of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label image by using affine transformation;
step 2.3, extracting Local Binary Pattern (LBP) characteristics of each corrected anti-counterfeiting area gray image frame and counting to obtain an LBP characteristic histogram of each anti-counterfeiting area gray image frame, calculating similarity with the LBP characteristic histogram recorded in the seed information by using a correlation comparison method, reserving the frame anti-counterfeiting area images with the similarity larger than a similarity threshold value, and discarding the frame anti-counterfeiting area images with the similarity smaller than or equal to the similarity threshold value, wherein the similarity threshold value is a value selected in the range of [0.7,0.8 ];
step 3, calculating the fuzziness and average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image:
step 3.1, performing binarization processing on each frame of anti-counterfeiting area gray-scale image by using a maximum inter-class variance method to obtain a black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area, taking a white area in the black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area as each divided laser powder block, and calculating the area proportion of all the laser powder blocks;
step 3.2, calculating the fuzzy degree of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area gray level image;
step 3.3, calculating the average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image;
step 4, determining the central point position of each laser powder block according to each divided laser powder block area;
step 5, extracting the color distribution characteristics of each subarea of the anti-counterfeiting area image based on the color state of each laser powder block in each anti-counterfeiting area image:
step 5.1, dividing each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image into four sub-areas with the same size according to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
step 5.2, judging the on-off state of each laser powder block in each sub-area according to the range of the value of the hue S channel and the value of the brightness V channel of the central point of each laser powder block;
step 5.3, generating a color histogram of each sub-area according to the colors of all the laser powder blocks in the bright state in each sub-area;
step 5.4, judging whether the brightness states of all the laser powder blocks in each subarea meet tau or not 1 ≤γ t ≤τ 2 If yes, the sub-region is divided intoJudging the on-off states of all the laser powder blocks to be non-consistent, otherwise, judging the on-off states of all the laser powder blocks in the subarea to be consistent, wherein gamma is t Represents the ratio of the number of the laser powder blocks in the bright state in the t-th sub-area to the total number of the laser powder blocks, tau 1 Lower threshold for brightness non-uniformity, τ 2 The two thresholds are the upper threshold of brightness inconsistency, and the two thresholds are the proportion gamma of the number of laser powder blocks in a bright state in each subarea to the total number of the laser powder blocks under different angles of the real laser label t And based on the obtained plurality of gamma t Value, taking the minimum value of τ as 1 Taking the maximum value therein as tau 2 ；
Step 5.5, judging whether the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in each subarea meet rho t <Xi, if yes, judging the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub area to be non-consistent, otherwise, judging the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub area to be consistent, and rho t Representing the proportion of the peak value of the color histogram of the tth sub-area to the total number of the laser powder lumps, and ξ is a color tone non-uniformity threshold value which is the maximum value in the proportion of the peak value of the color histogram of each sub-area to the total number of the laser powder lumps under different angles of the real laser label;
step 5.6, judging whether the on-off states or the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in each sub-area are judged to be non-consistent, if so, judging that the color distribution characteristics of the sub-area are non-consistent, otherwise, judging that the color distribution characteristics of the sub-area are consistent;
step 6, extracting the color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area based on the color change of each laser powder block in the multi-frame anti-counterfeiting area image:
step 6.1, judging whether the saturation S channel value and the saturation V channel value of the central point of the laser powder block meet the channel threshold value condition, if so, judging that the central point of the laser powder block is changed in a lighting and extinguishing manner, otherwise, judging that the central point of the laser powder block is not changed in a lighting and extinguishing manner;
step 6.2, use
Calculating the hue variation of the central point of each laser powder block in an HSV image consisting of a hue H channel, a saturation S channel and a brightness V channel in each anti-counterfeiting area according to a formula, wherein,
representing the tone variation of the central point of the p-th laser powder block in the HSV image in the anti-counterfeiting area of the t-th frame,
respectively representing H channel values of the p laser powder block center point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image, wherein x belongs to (0,t);
step 6.3, judging the tone variation of the central point of each laser powder block
Whether the color change threshold value kappa is larger than the color change threshold value kappa is judged, if yes, the color change of the central point of the laser powder block is judged in the frame anti-counterfeiting area image, otherwise, the color change of the central point of the laser powder block is judged not to be generated in the frame anti-counterfeiting area image, wherein the color change threshold value kappa is the average value of the range values of the H channels corresponding to the seven basic colors in the HSV color space;
step 6.3, counting the number of the central points of the laser powder block with the change of brightness and extinction and the change of hue each time, and recording the frame number of the image frame in the anti-counterfeiting area with the change;
step 6.4, judging whether the number of the center points of the laser powder block with the brightness and shade change and the frame number of the anti-counterfeiting area image frame with the change meet the condition of color change non-uniformity or not, if so, judging the color change characteristic of the laser label to be non-uniformity, otherwise, judging the color change characteristic of the laser label to be uniformity;
step 7, determining the authenticity of the laser anti-counterfeiting label:
and judging the laser anti-counterfeit label meeting the two non-consistency conditions as a true label, otherwise, judging the laser anti-counterfeit label as a false label.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, because the invention calculates the fuzziness and the average brightness of the anti-counterfeiting area of each frame of laser label image for the video frame, the evaluation result can screen out the video frame with uniform brightness and clear image, and the defect that the identification precision is reduced because the color change characteristic extraction process is interfered because the video frame image with poor quality is not filtered in the prior art is overcome, so that the invention can effectively avoid the interference of the characteristic extraction process, thereby improving the identification accuracy.
Secondly, the invention extracts the non-uniformity of the color distribution and the color change characteristic of the laser label, further describes the unique characteristic of random distribution of the laser patterns of the real laser anti-counterfeit label, overcomes the defect of false identification of the false anti-counterfeit label caused by single color change characteristic in the prior art, and effectively improves the antagonism to the false anti-counterfeit label.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The specific steps of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 and examples.
Step 1, collecting laser anti-counterfeit label information.
Step 1.1, collecting a two-dimensional code image in the laser anti-counterfeiting label, analyzing the two-dimensional code image by using a two-dimensional code analysis algorithm, uploading the obtained two-dimensional code information to a server, and calling seed information corresponding to the two-dimensional code information stored by the server.
And step 1.2, collecting laser anti-counterfeit label videos.
And 2, extracting the anti-counterfeiting area in each frame of laser label image.
Step 2.1, carrying out graying processing on each frame of RGB image of the laser anti-counterfeiting label in the laser anti-counterfeiting label video to obtain a grayscale image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label, extracting edge information in the grayscale image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label by using an edge detection method, outputting the edge image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label, analyzing the topological structure of the edge image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label by using a raster scanning and marking method, searching for a contour, and forming a candidate contour set.
And 2.2, utilizing the shape characteristics and the area characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area recorded in the seed information to screen out the anti-counterfeiting area which accords with the shape characteristics and the area characteristics in each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label image from the candidate contour set, and utilizing affine transformation to correct the anti-counterfeiting area of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label image so that the anti-counterfeiting area is a standard rectangle.
And 2.3, extracting Local Binary Pattern (LBP) characteristics of each corrected anti-counterfeiting area gray image frame and counting to obtain an LBP characteristic histogram of each anti-counterfeiting area gray image frame, calculating similarity with the LBP characteristic histogram recorded in the seed information by using a correlation comparison method, wherein the similarity exceeds a set threshold value, indicating that the texture characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area image frame are matched with the seed information, and keeping the anti-counterfeiting area image frame, otherwise, abandoning the anti-counterfeiting area image frame.
And 3, calculating the fuzziness and the average brightness of the anti-counterfeiting area of each frame.
And 3.1, dividing the laser powder blocks in the anti-counterfeiting area from each frame of anti-counterfeiting area, and calculating the area proportion of all the laser powder blocks.
And carrying out graying processing on each frame of anti-counterfeiting area RGB image to obtain an anti-counterfeiting area grayscale image. And (4) carrying out binarization processing on the gray-scale image by using an interspecies maximum variance method (Ostu) to obtain a black-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area of the frame. The white area in the black and white image is each divided laser powder block.
And calculating the proportion of the area of all the laser powder blocks divided in each frame of black-white image to the total area of the black-white image to obtain the proportion of the number of white pixels relative to the number of the total pixels in the black-white image. And comparing the ratio with a real ratio value recorded in seed information stored when the laser anti-counterfeiting label corresponding to the ratio leaves a factory, wherein the real ratio value refers to the ratio of the area of all laser powder blocks actually contained in the anti-counterfeiting area to the total area of the anti-counterfeiting area. The difference between the area proportion of the laser powder blocks calculated from the black-white image of each anti-counterfeiting area and the recorded real proportion value is represented as epsilon, if the difference between the two proportions is greater than a set threshold value mu, namely | epsilon | mu, because the area proportion of the laser powder blocks is calculated based on the divided laser powder block areas, and the proportion difference is large, all the laser powder block areas cannot be correctly divided from the image of the anti-counterfeiting area of the frame, and the subsequent identification process needs to be based on the laser powder block areas which are accurately divided, the RGB image of the anti-counterfeiting area of the frame is abandoned. And if the proportional difference is less than or equal to the set threshold value mu, performing the calculation of the subsequent step. In the examples of the present invention, μ =0.3.
And 3.2, calculating the fuzzy degree of the gray-scale image of the anti-counterfeiting area.
And (3) performing convolution with each pixel in the gray level image of the anti-counterfeiting area by using a Laplacian operator to obtain a second derivative response image. Calculating a variance of the second derivative response map from each pixel value of the second derivative response map. The second derivative response graph reflects the degree of response to the image edge, and if the image edge is clear, the second derivative response graph has a high response value, so that the variance of the response graph is large, and if the image edge is fuzzy, the response value in the second derivative response graph is low, so that the variance of the response graph is small, and therefore the magnitude of the variance represents the degree of sharpness of the image edge. If the variance is larger than the set threshold value theta, the edge of the image in the anti-counterfeiting area is clear, and calculation in the subsequent steps can be carried out; if the variance is smaller than the set threshold value theta, the edge of the image in the anti-counterfeiting area is fuzzy, and the image needs to be discarded. In the embodiment of the present invention, θ =50.
And 3.3, calculating the average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image.
And converting the RGB image of the anti-counterfeiting area into an HSV color space to obtain an HSV image of the anti-counterfeiting area. And solving the average value of the V channel values of all the pixel points of the HSV image. Since the V channel represents brightness, if the average value of the V channel is greater than or equal toAt a set threshold value delta 1 The image brightness is over-bright; if the average value is too low, is less than or equal to the set threshold value delta 2 Indicating that the image brightness is too low. Due to the fact that the brightness of the image is too high or too low, when the image subsequently participates in the multi-frame anti-counterfeiting area image to extract color change characteristics, color change caused by abnormal brightness can be generated, the color change is not the effect of laser powder blocks under different display angles of a laser label due to light diffraction, the identification result is interfered, the anti-counterfeiting area image of the frame is abandoned, and the accuracy of the identification result is guaranteed. Delta. For the preparation of a coating 1 And delta 2 Is an empirical value for detecting brightness abnormality in engineering practice. In the embodiment of the present invention, δ 1 ＝220，δ 2 ＝20。
And 4, determining the central point position of each laser powder block according to each divided laser powder block area.
And 4.1, performing pixel-by-pixel AND operation on the black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area and the binary image in the corresponding seed information, and eliminating an incorrect white area in each divided laser powder block to obtain a black-and-white image of the public area. Because the binary image in the seed information is a real black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area, the reference of the correctness of each laser powder block is provided for the black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area. In the black and white image of the public area, each white area represents a laser powder block. And analyzing the topological structure of the black-and-white image of the public area by using a raster scanning and marking method, namely the connectivity of each pixel and the adjacent pixels thereof, extracting the outline of each white area, and determining the position of the central point of each outline, namely the position of the central point of each laser powder block.
And 5, extracting the color distribution characteristics of each subarea of the anti-counterfeiting area image.
And 5.1, dividing each anti-counterfeiting area image into four sub-areas with the same size according to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
And 5.2, calculating the on-off state of each laser powder block in each subarea.
Converting the RGB image of each frame anti-counterfeiting area into HSV color space, wherein H in the HSV color space represents hue, and S in the HSV color space represents saturationAnd V represents lightness. For each laser powder block center point of each sub-area, if S i Alpha and delta are not more than 1 ≤V i ≤δ 2 And if so, the laser powder block corresponding to the central point is gray, namely, the laser powder block is in an off state. If S is i >A and d 1 ≤V i ≤δ 2 And if so, the laser powder block corresponding to the central point is colored, and the laser powder block is in a bright state. Wherein S is i Represents the value V of the saturation S channel of the center point of the ith laser powder block i And (3) representing the value of a central point lightness V channel of the ith laser powder block, wherein i is the serial number of the central point of each laser powder block in each sub-area. In the embodiment of the present invention, α is a saturation S channel threshold of gray in HSV color space, and α =43.
Step 5.3, a color histogram for each sub-region is generated.
There are seven basic colors in the HSV color space, each corresponding to a range of H-channel values. And for each laser powder block in a bright state in each sub-area, the basic color of each laser powder block can be obtained according to the value of the hue H channel of the central point of the laser powder block. And generating a color histogram of each sub-region according to the counted number of the laser powder blocks corresponding to each basic color in each sub-region.
Step 5.4, judging whether the brightness states of all the laser powder blocks in each subarea meet tau or not 1 ≤γ t ≤τ 2 If yes, judging the on-off states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub-area to be non-consistency, otherwise, judging the on-off states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub-area to be consistency. Wherein, gamma is t And the ratio of the number of the laser powder blocks in the bright state in the tth sub-area to the total number of the laser powder blocks is represented. Tau is 1 ，τ 2 For the set threshold, the two thresholds are obtained by counting the proportion gamma of the number of the laser powder blocks in the bright state in each subarea to the total number of the laser powder blocks under different angles of the real laser label t And based on the obtained plurality of gamma t Value, taking the minimum value of τ as 1 Taking the maximum value of the two as tau 2 . In the embodiment of the present invention, τ 1 ＝0.2，τ 2 ＝0.8。
Step 5.5, judging whether the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in each subarea meet rho t <And xi, if so, judging the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub area to be inconsistent, otherwise, judging the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub area to be consistent. Rho t And the ratio of the peak value of the color histogram of the t-th sub-area to the total number of the laser powder lumps is represented. And xi is a set threshold value, the proportion of the peak value of the color histogram of each sub-region to the total number of the laser powder blocks of the real laser label at different angles is counted, and the maximum value is xi. In the embodiment of the present invention, ξ =0.7.
And 5.6, judging whether the color distribution characteristics of each subarea are inconsistent, namely judging whether the on-off states or the tone states of all the laser powder blocks of the subarea are inconsistent, if so, judging that the color distribution characteristics of the subarea are inconsistent, and otherwise, judging that the color distribution characteristics of the subarea are consistent.
And 6, extracting the color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area.
And 6.1, detecting whether the laser powder block has bright and dark changes.
2. Each laser powder block corresponds to a central point, and because the whole powder block changes when the laser powder block changes, whether the laser powder block changes in a bright-dark mode or not can be judged by whether the central point of the laser powder block changes in a bright-dark mode or not. And for the saturation S channel and brightness V channel values of the center point of any laser powder block, if the two channel threshold conditions are met, judging that the laser powder block corresponding to the center point is changed in a lighting and extinguishing manner, and if the two channel threshold conditions are not met, judging that the laser powder block corresponding to the center point is not changed in a lighting and extinguishing manner. The two-lane threshold condition is that a third formula is satisfied and either one of the first formula and the second formula is satisfied:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively showing S channel values of the c laser powder block central point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image,
respectively showing the V channel value of the c laser powder block central point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image, and x belongs to (0,t). sat _ max, sat _ min and val _ range are set threshold values, the maximum value of the S channel values of the central points of all laser powder blocks in the off state in the real laser label is sat _ min, the minimum value of the S channel values of the central points of all laser powder blocks in the on state in the real laser label is sat _ max, and the average value of the V channel variation of the central points of all laser powder blocks in the on and off state in the real laser label is val _ range. In the embodiment of the present invention, sat _ max =200, sat_min =43, val_range =100.
And 6.2, detecting whether the color of the central point of each laser powder block changes.
By using
And calculating the color tone variation of the central point of each laser powder block in the HSV image in each anti-counterfeiting area according to a formula. If it is
And judging that the central point of the laser powder block has color tone change in the anti-counterfeiting area image of the frame. If it is
Then the central point of the laser powder block is judged to have no color tone change in the frame anti-counterfeiting area. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the tone variation of the central point of the p-th laser powder block in the HSV image in the anti-counterfeiting area of the t-th frame,
respectively representing the H channel values of the p laser powder block central point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image, and x belongs to (0,t). Kappa is a set threshold value, and the threshold value is an average value of range values of H channels corresponding to the seven basic colors in the HSV color space. In the present examples, κ =20.
And 6.3, counting the number of the central points of the laser powder block with the change of brightness and extinguishment and the change of hue each time, recording the frame number of the anti-counterfeiting area image frame with the change, and judging whether the non-uniformity condition of the color change is met. If so, judging that the color change characteristics of the laser label are inconsistent, otherwise, judging that the color change characteristics of the laser label are consistent. The color change non-uniformity condition is that the following three conditions are simultaneously met:
C i >m 3 or D i >m 3
Bc>m 4
the anti-counterfeiting method comprises the steps of recording anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the center points of laser powder blocks, wherein F represents a set formed by frame numbers of the recorded anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the color tone changes, and L represents a set formed by frame numbers of the recorded anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the center points of the laser powder blocks. C i The total number of the central points of the laser powder blocks with color tone change in the i-th frame anti-counterfeiting area image is represented, D i And the total number of the central points of the laser powder blocks with the brightness change in the ith frame of anti-counterfeiting area image is represented. Bc denotes the total number of frame numbers in set B, B = F ∞ D. m is 1 ，m 2 ，m 3 ，m 4 Are all set threshold values. m is 1 And taking the average value of the total number of the center points of the laser powder blocks with color tone changes when the color tone changes for e times respectively happen to a plurality of real laser labels. m is a unit of 2 And (3) taking the average value of the total number of the center points of the laser powder blocks with brightness change when the brightness of the real laser labels is changed for e times respectively. m is 3 And (4) taking the average value of the total number of the central points of the laser powder blocks of the real laser label with the color tone change every time. m is 4 And when the brightness changes for e times and the tone changes for e times are respectively generated on the plurality of real laser labels, the average value of the frame number of the anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the tone changes and the brightness changes is generated at the same time. In the embodiment of the present invention, for example, F = {6, 10, 15}, which indicates that the central point of the laser powder block has a color tone change in the security area images of 6 th, 10 th, and 15 th frames. m is a unit of 1 ＝30，m 2 ＝30，m 3 ＝5，m 4 ＝2，e＝8。
And 7, judging the authenticity of the laser anti-counterfeiting label.
And judging whether the color characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area of the laser anti-counterfeiting label meet two non-consistency conditions, if so, judging the laser anti-counterfeiting label to be a true label, and otherwise, judging the laser anti-counterfeiting label to be a false label. The two non-uniformity conditions are that the color distribution characteristics and the color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area of the laser anti-counterfeiting label are non-uniform.
The effects of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation experiments.
1. Simulation experiment conditions are as follows:
the hardware platform of the simulation experiment of the invention is as follows: the processor is an Intel i57500 CPU, the main frequency is 3.5GHz, and the memory is 16GB.
The software platform of the simulation experiment of the invention is as follows: windows 10 operating system and python 3.6.7.
The simulation experiment uses the collected 69 videos of the true laser anti-counterfeiting labels and 17 videos of the false laser anti-counterfeiting labels for simulation.
2. Simulation content and analysis of results thereof
The simulation experiment of the invention adopts the method of the invention to identify the authenticity of each laser anti-counterfeit label according to the collected video of the true and false laser anti-counterfeit labels, and the true and false judgment results of 86 laser anti-counterfeit labels are obtained.
And (3) evaluating the recognition effect by using an accuracy evaluation method:
where Acc denotes the accuracy, TP denotes the number of correctly recognizing false tags as false tags, TN denotes the number of correctly recognizing true tags as true tags, FP denotes the number of incorrectly recognizing true tags as false tags, and FN denotes the number of incorrectly recognizing false tags as true tags. TP =60, tn =17, FP =9, fn =0, acc =0.895, where FP =9 is the reason that the 9 true labels are judged as false labels by mistake is that the video image quality of the 9 true labels is not good, and the anti-counterfeiting area cannot be extracted or the screening step of calculating the fuzziness and the average brightness of the anti-counterfeiting area in the method of the present invention is not passed. In 77 laser anti-counterfeit label videos with clear images and uniform brightness, the identification accuracy rate of the method is 100%.
The effect of the present invention will be further described with reference to the simulation diagram of fig. 2.
Fig. 2 (a) is an exemplary diagram of a video frame with too low brightness in a real laser anti-counterfeit label video in a simulation experiment of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 2 (a), when the brightness is too low, the laser powder block in the video frame is blurred, the displayed color is interfered, and is inconsistent with the color actually displayed by the laser powder block, which interferes with the color feature extraction process and needs to be discarded.
Fig. 2 (b) is an exemplary diagram of a video frame with too high brightness in a real laser anti-counterfeit label video in a simulation experiment of the present invention.
As can be seen from (b) in fig. 2, when the brightness is too high, the position of the laser powder block in the video frame is unclear, the color of the laser powder block is interfered, and the color is inconsistent with the color actually displayed by the laser powder block, which interferes with the color feature extraction process and needs to be discarded.
Claims (10)
1. A quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeiting label verification method based on characteristic non-uniformity is characterized in that the color distribution characteristics of each subarea in an anti-counterfeiting area image are extracted, whether the color distribution characteristics of each subarea are non-uniform or not is judged, the color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area are extracted, and whether the color change characteristics are non-uniform or not is judged; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting laser anti-counterfeit label information:
step 1.1, collecting a two-dimensional code image in a laser anti-counterfeiting label, analyzing the two-dimensional code image by using a two-dimensional code analysis algorithm, uploading obtained two-dimensional code information to a server, and calling seed information corresponding to the two-dimensional code information stored by the server;
step 1.2, collecting a laser anti-counterfeit label video;
step 2, extracting an anti-counterfeiting area in each frame of laser label image:
step 2.1, performing graying processing on each frame of RGB image of the laser anti-counterfeiting label in the laser anti-counterfeiting label video to obtain a grayscale image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label, extracting edge information in the grayscale image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label by using an edge detection method, outputting the edge image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label, analyzing the topological structure of the edge image of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label by using a raster scanning and marking method, searching for a contour, and forming a candidate contour set;
2.2, screening anti-counterfeiting areas which accord with the shape characteristics and the area characteristics in each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label image from the candidate contour set by using the shape characteristics and the area characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting areas recorded in the seed information, and correcting the anti-counterfeiting areas of each frame of laser anti-counterfeiting label image by using affine transformation;
step 2.3, extracting Local Binary Pattern (LBP) characteristics of each corrected anti-counterfeiting area gray image frame and counting to obtain an LBP characteristic histogram of each anti-counterfeiting area gray image frame, calculating similarity with the LBP characteristic histogram recorded in the seed information by using a correlation comparison method, reserving the frame anti-counterfeiting area images with the similarity larger than a similarity threshold value, and discarding the frame anti-counterfeiting area images with the similarity smaller than or equal to the similarity threshold value, wherein the similarity threshold value is a value selected in the range of [0.7,0.8 ];
step 3, calculating the fuzziness and average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image:
step 3.1, performing binarization processing on each frame of anti-counterfeiting area gray-scale image by using a maximum inter-class variance method to obtain a black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area, taking a white area in the black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area as each divided laser powder block, and calculating the area proportion of all the laser powder blocks;
step 3.2, calculating the fuzzy degree of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area gray level image;
step 3.3, calculating the average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image;
step 4, determining the central point position of each laser powder block according to each divided laser powder block area;
step 5, extracting the color distribution characteristics of each subarea of the anti-counterfeiting area image based on the color state of each laser powder block in each anti-counterfeiting area image:
step 5.1, dividing each frame of anti-counterfeiting area image into four sub-areas with the same size according to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
step 5.2, judging the on-off state of each laser powder block in each sub-area according to the range of the value of the hue S channel and the value of the brightness V channel of the central point of each laser powder block;
step 5.3, generating a color histogram of each subarea according to the colors of all laser powder blocks in the bright state in each subarea;
step 5.4, judging whether the brightness states of all the laser powder blocks in each subarea meet tau or not 1 ≤γ t ≤τ 2 If yes, judging the on-off states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub-area to be non-consistency, otherwise, judging the on-off states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub-area to be consistency, wherein gamma is t Represents the ratio of the number of the laser powder blocks in the bright state in the t-th sub-area to the total number of the laser powder blocks, tau 1 Lower threshold for brightness non-uniformity, τ 2 The two thresholds are the upper threshold of brightness inconsistency, and the two thresholds are the proportion gamma of the number of laser powder blocks in a bright state in each subarea to the total number of the laser powder blocks under different angles of the real laser label t And based on the obtained plurality of gamma t Value, taking the minimum value of τ as 1 Taking the maximum value therein as tau 2 ；
Step 5.5, judging whether the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in each subarea meet rho t <Xi, if yes, judging the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub area to be non-consistent, otherwise, judging the tone states of all the laser powder blocks in the sub area to be consistent, and rho t Representing the proportion of the peak value of the color histogram of the tth sub-area to the total number of the laser powder lumps, and ξ is a color tone non-uniformity threshold value which is the maximum value in the proportion of the peak value of the color histogram of each sub-area to the total number of the laser powder lumps under different angles of the real laser label;
step 5.6, judging whether the on-off state or the tone state of all the laser powder blocks in each sub-area is judged to present non-uniformity, if so, judging that the color distribution characteristics of the sub-area present non-uniformity, otherwise, judging that the color distribution characteristics of the sub-area present uniformity;
step 6, extracting the color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeiting area based on the color change of each laser powder block in the multi-frame anti-counterfeiting area image:
step 6.1, judging whether the saturation S channel value and the saturation V channel value of the central point of the laser powder block meet the channel threshold value condition, if so, judging that the central point of the laser powder block is changed in a lighting and extinguishing manner, otherwise, judging that the central point of the laser powder block is not changed in a lighting and extinguishing manner;
step 6.2, use
Calculating the hue variation of the central point of each laser powder block in an HSV image consisting of a hue H channel, a saturation S channel and a brightness V channel in each anti-counterfeiting area according to a formula, wherein,
representing the tone variation of the central point of the p-th laser powder block in the HSV image in the anti-counterfeiting area of the t-th frame,
respectively representing H channel values of the p laser powder block center point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image, wherein x belongs to (0,t);
step 6.3, judging the tone variation of the central point of each laser powder block
Whether the color change threshold value kappa is larger than the color change threshold value kappa is judged, if yes, the color change of the central point of the laser powder block is judged in the frame anti-counterfeiting area image, otherwise, the color change of the central point of the laser powder block is judged not to be generated in the frame anti-counterfeiting area image, wherein the color change threshold value kappa is the average value of the range values of the H channels corresponding to the seven basic colors in the HSV color space;
step 6.3, counting the number of the center points of the laser powder block with the brightness change and the tone change every time, and recording the frame number of the image frame in the anti-counterfeiting area with the change;
step 6.4, judging whether the number of the center points of the laser powder block with the brightness and shade change and the frame number of the anti-counterfeiting area image frame with the change meet the condition of color change non-uniformity or not, if so, judging the color change characteristic of the laser label to be non-uniformity, otherwise, judging the color change characteristic of the laser label to be uniformity;
step 7, determining the authenticity of the laser anti-counterfeiting label:
and judging the laser anti-counterfeit label meeting the two non-consistency conditions as a true label, otherwise, judging the laser anti-counterfeit label as a false label.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the area ratio of all laser powder blocks in step 3.1 is to calculate the ratio of the area of all laser powder blocks divided in each black-white image to the total area of the black-white image to obtain the ratio of the number of white pixels to the number of total pixels in the black-white image, compare the ratio with the area ratio recorded in the seed information, and discard the frame of anti-counterfeit area image if the difference between the two ratios is greater than a threshold μ, i.e., | epsilon | > μ. If the ratio difference is less than or equal to the threshold value mu, the anti-counterfeiting area image of the frame is reserved, and the absolute value of the difference between the area ratio of all the laser powder blocks and the area ratio value in the seed information is obtained when all the laser powder block areas are correctly divided from the black-white image of the anti-counterfeiting area.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the degree of blur of each frame of the gray-scale map of the anti-counterfeit region in step 3.2 is to perform convolution with each pixel in the gray-scale map of the anti-counterfeit region using Laplacian operator to obtain a second derivative response map, calculate a variance of the second derivative response map according to each pixel value of the second derivative response map, leave out the anti-counterfeit region image with a variance greater than a threshold, discard the anti-counterfeit region image with a variance less than or equal to the threshold, and take the average of the variances of the blurred anti-counterfeit region gray-scale maps.
4. The method for verifying the quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label based on the characteristic non-uniformity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the average brightness of each frame of anti-counterfeit area image in step 3.3 is to convert an anti-counterfeit area RGB image into an HSV color space to obtain an anti-counterfeit area HSV image. Calculating the average value of V channel values of all pixel points of the HSV image, and if the average value of the V channel is greater than or equal to a threshold value delta 1 If yes, the anti-counterfeiting area image of the frame is reserved; if the mean value is too low, less than or equal to the threshold value delta 2 Discarding the image of the anti-counterfeiting area of the frame, delta 1 And delta 2 Is an empirical value for detecting brightness abnormality in engineering practice.
5. The method for verifying the pseudo-label based on the quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label with non-uniform characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 of determining the position of the center point of each laser powder block according to each divided laser powder block region means that the black-and-white image of the anti-counterfeit region and the binary image in the corresponding seed information are subjected to a pixel-by-pixel AND operation to obtain a black-and-white image of a common region, the topological structure of the black-and-white image of the common region is analyzed by using a raster scanning and marking method, the outline of each white region is extracted, and the position of the center point of each outline is used as the position of the center point of the laser powder block.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 5.2 of determining the on/off state of each laser powder block in each sub-region is to convert the RGB image of each anti-counterfeiting region into HSV color space, where H represents hue, S represents saturation, and V represents lightness, and for each laser powder block center point in each sub-region, if S represents the center point of each laser powder block, if S represents the center point of each sub-region i Alpha and delta are not more than 1 ≤V i ≤δ 2 If the laser powder block corresponding to the central point is gray, that is, the laser powder block is in the off state, if S is detected i >A and d 1 ≤V i ≤δ 2 If the laser powder block corresponding to the central point is colored, the laser powder block is in a bright state, wherein S i Represents the value V of the saturation S channel of the center point of the ith laser powder block i And the value of a lightness V channel of the center point of the ith laser powder block is represented, i is the serial number of the center point of each laser powder block in each sub-area, and alpha is a saturation S channel threshold value of gray in HSV color space.
7. The method for verifying the quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label based on the non-uniformity of features of claim 1, wherein the step 5.3 of generating the color histogram of each sub-area means that for each laser powder block in a bright state in each sub-area, the basic color of each laser powder block can be obtained according to the value of the hue H channel of the center point of the laser powder block. And generating a color histogram of each sub-region according to the counted number of the laser powder blocks corresponding to each basic color in each sub-region.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel threshold condition of step 6.1 is that the third formula is satisfied and any one of the first formula and the second formula is satisfied in the following three formulas:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively showing S channel values of the c laser powder block central point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image,
respectively representing the V channel value of the c laser powder block central point in the t frame and t-x frame anti-counterfeiting area HSV image, and x belongs to (0,t). sat _ min is a threshold value of a dead state, the threshold value is the maximum value of S channel values of the central points of all laser powder blocks in the dead state in the real laser label, sat _ max is a threshold value of a bright state, the threshold value is the minimum value of S channel values of the central points of all laser powder blocks in the bright state in the real laser label, and val_ \range is a brightness threshold value, and the threshold value is an average value of the V-channel variation of the central points of all the laser powder blocks with the brightness change in the real laser label.
9. The method for verifying the quasi-dynamic laser anti-counterfeit label based on the characteristic non-uniformity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color change non-uniformity condition of step 6.4 is that the following three conditions are simultaneously satisfied:
C i >m 3 or D i >m 3
Bc>m 4
the anti-counterfeiting method comprises the steps of recording anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the center points of laser powder blocks, wherein F represents a set formed by frame numbers of the recorded anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the color tone changes, and L represents a set formed by frame numbers of the recorded anti-counterfeiting area image frames with the center points of the laser powder blocks. C i The total number of the central points of the laser powder blocks with color tone change in the i-th frame anti-counterfeiting area image is represented, D i And the total number of the central points of the laser powder blocks with the on-off change in the i-th frame of anti-counterfeiting area image is represented. Bc denotes the total number of frame numbers in set B, B = F ≧ D. m is 1 The threshold value is a threshold value of the number of color tone change central points, and the threshold value is an average value of the total number of the laser powder block central points with color tone change when a plurality of real laser labels respectively have e-time color tone change. m is 2 The threshold value is the quantity threshold value of the bright and dark change central points, and the threshold value is the average value of the total number of the laser powder block central points with brightness change when a plurality of real laser labels respectively have brightness change for e times. m is 3 The threshold value is a single color tone change central point quantity threshold value, and the threshold value is an average value of the total number of the central points of the laser powder blocks of which the color tones of the real laser labels change each time. m is 4 The threshold value is a frame number threshold value, and the threshold value is equal to the frame number of the anti-counterfeiting area image frame which simultaneously generates color tone change and brightness change when a plurality of real laser labels respectively generate e times of brightness change and e times of color tone changeThe mean value, e, is the threshold for the number of changes, which is in [6,12 ]]A value selected within the range of (1).
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the two non-uniformity conditions in step 7 are that the number of sub-regions in the anti-counterfeit area of the laser anti-counterfeit label, in which the color distribution characteristics are determined by non-uniformity, exceeds 2, and the color change characteristics of the anti-counterfeit area of the laser anti-counterfeit label are determined by non-uniformity.
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