CN115420458B - System for simulating high-Mach ultrahigh-temperature environment and generation method - Google Patents
System for simulating high-Mach ultrahigh-temperature environment and generation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A system and a generation method for simulating an ultrahigh temperature environment with high Mach number belong to the technical field of high Mach number tests. The invention solves the problem that the conventional material and method in the prior art are difficult to simulate the high-temperature environment condition with high Mach number. N of the invention 2 O preheater and N 2 The preheater is respectively connected with the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is connected with the reaction chamber; n is a radical of hydrogen 2 O preheater set N 2 O inlet and N 2 O outlet, N 2 A temperature sensor is arranged at the O outlet; n is a radical of 2 The preheater is provided with N 2 Inlet and N 2 Outlet, N 2 A temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet; n is a radical of hydrogen 2 A heating element is arranged between the O preheater and the mixing chamber, and a temperature sensor and a gas component measuring instrument are arranged at the outlet of the mixing chamber. The invention will high temperature N 2 With heated N 2 O is mixed with N 2 Heating O in the mixture, decomposing O into N at high temperature 2 And O 2 The heat released by the decomposition reaction is used as a secondary heating mode of the system, and the generated ultrahigh-temperature gas is used for simulating the high-Mach wind tunnel environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a generation method for simulating a high-temperature environment with Mach number, in particular to a system for simulating a high-temperature environment with Mach number by using N 2 O and high temperature N 2 A system and a method for simulating a high-Mach ultrahigh-temperature environment in a reaction mode belong to the technical field of high-Mach test.
Background
High mach number aircraft have evolved rapidly over the last several decades, and a large number of complex aerodynamic phenomena have to be studied. The ground wind tunnel test is one of approaches for researching high-Mach number aerodynamics, the wind tunnel simulates the aerodynamic effect by simulating high-altitude flight environment and relative motion with an aircraft model, and the space-ground data conversion is realized by utilizing a similarity criterion.
With the increase of the flying speed of the aircraft, the simulation requirements on corresponding flying environment parameters are higher and higher, especially the phenomenon of pneumatic heating. When the aircraft flies at a high Mach number in the atmosphere, the phenomenon of pneumatic heating can be generated due to strong head shock waves and viscous friction resistance, air around the aircraft is heated, and then heat is transferred into the aircraft through a heat transfer process, so that heat damage is caused to the surface structure of the aircraft, and even the heat is transferred into the interior of an aircraft body along with the accumulation of time, so that sensitive electrical elements can be influenced. In order to research various parts of the aircraft and flow fields thereof at high temperature in the design stage of the aircraft, simulating a high-Mach number ultrahigh-temperature environment is a key technology needing to be broken through.
In simulating high mach number environments, the key issue is how to more realistically simulate high speed flow, where simulation of total temperature is critical. The total temperature simulation requirement above mach 5 (high mach number) is above 1250K (ultra high temperature), which places high energy addition requirements on the plant. The heaters adopted by the conventional high-Mach wind tunnel are mainly divided into two types according to the heating mode, namely a continuous heater and a heat storage heater. The continuous heater adopts the heating technologies of an electric heating type, a fuel oil type and a fuel gas type, can meet the operation requirement of a long-time test, but has large required power supply, fuel oil supply and fuel gas supply and huge equipment. The heat storage type heater can heat the heat storage element to reach high temperature by using low power and long time, and then heats the test gas, and is suitable for the temporary flushing type wind tunnel. Compared with the corresponding power distribution condition and use limitation of the continuous heater, the heat accumulating type heater is often used as heating equipment for high-temperature wind tunnel test gas by virtue of the advantages of the heat accumulating type heater. There are also various ways of heating the heat storage element in a storage heater, including combustion heating, electrical heating, etc.
Generally, after the heat storage element is heated to an ultrahigh temperature, pure air is heated to react with oxygen in the air, so that the components of the test gas are changed, and the heat storage element is consumed and damaged. So that a manner of generating the pure air component by a chemical reaction by heating the gas which does not react at a high temperature, instead of directly heating the pure air, is mentioned.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above facts, the present invention is directed to the prior artThe problem that the high-temperature environment condition under the high Mach number is difficult to simulate by the conventional materials and methods in the operation is solved, and a system and a generation method for simulating the high-Mach number ultrahigh-temperature environment are further designed. The invention constructs that N can be utilized 2 O and high temperature N 2 System for reactively simulating high Mach ultra high temperature environments that successfully convert to high temperature N 2 With heated N 2 O is mixed with N 2 The temperature of O rises during mixing, and the O is decomposed into N at high temperature 2 And O 2 The decomposition reaction can further release heat to be used as a secondary heating mode of the system, and the generated ultrahigh-temperature gas can be used for simulating the high Mach wind tunnel environment; generation method of the present invention, N 2 O is in N 2 The resulting decomposition into N at high temperature 2 And O 2 The ultrahigh-temperature mixed gas reproduces main components of pure air to obtain the ultrahigh-temperature gas which is used as a test gas for simulating the high Mach number wind tunnel environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a system for simulating high Mach number ultra high temperature environment comprises N 2 O preheater and N 2 A preheater, a mixing chamber and a reaction chamber;
said N is 2 O preheater and N 2 The preheater is respectively connected with the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is connected with the reaction chamber;
said N is 2 The bottom of the O preheater is provided with N 2 O inlet, N on top 2 O outlet, N 2 A first temperature sensor is arranged at the O outlet;
said N is 2 The bottom of the preheater is provided with N 2 Inlet, top set N 2 Outlet, N 2 A second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet;
said N is 2 And a heating element is arranged on a pipeline connected between the O preheater and the mixing chamber, and a third temperature sensor and a gas component measuring instrument are arranged at an outlet of the mixing chamber.
Further: said N is 2 The O preheater comprises a first outer layer heat insulation support structure, a first heat preservation layer, a first heat accumulator and an electric heating layer, wherein the first heat accumulator is coated with the first heat preservation layer at the outer sideThe layer, the first heat preservation outside sets up the thermal-insulated bearing structure of first skin, and the inside electric heating layer that sets up of first heat accumulator heats, and the inside flow path that supplies the gas circulation that is equipped with of first heat accumulator.
Further: the first heat accumulator is alumina pebble, and the alumina pebble gap is a flow path for gas to flow through.
Further: said N is 2 The pre-heater includes the thermal-insulated bearing structure of second skin, the coil, inside thermal-insulated bearing structure, second heat accumulator and second heat preservation, second heat accumulator outside cladding second heat preservation, the second heat preservation outside sets up inside thermal-insulated bearing structure, the thermal-insulated bearing structure of inside thermal-insulated bearing structure outside suit second skin, set up the coil between inside thermal-insulated bearing structure and the thermal-insulated bearing structure of second skin, heat the second heat accumulator through induction heating mode, the inside flow path that supplies the gas circulation that is equipped with of second heat accumulator.
Further: said N is 2 The preheater further comprises a clamping structure, N 2 The top layer of the preheater is pressed and fixed in the shape of the preheater through a clamping structure.
Further: the second heat accumulator is a graphite heat accumulator.
Further: the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor are all thermocouples.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the mixing chamber is internally provided with a plurality of flat plates vertical to the gas flowing direction, and the flat plates are arranged in a staggered manner. The mixing is enhanced by means of turbulence caused by the staggered plates.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme II:
a generation method for simulating a high Mach number ultrahigh temperature environment is realized based on the system for simulating the high Mach number ultrahigh temperature environment in the technical scheme I. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) In N 2 In an O preheater, adding N 2 Heating O to 900-1000K to obtain heated N 2 O；
(2) In N 2 In the preheater, N is added 2 Heating to 3000K, to obtain high temperature N 2 ；
(3) High temperature N 2 With heated N 2 Mixing O in a mixing chamber;
(4) The gas fully mixed in the mixing chamber enters the reaction chamber for reaction, N 2 O is in N 2 Decomposition of N by chemical decomposition reaction at high temperature by gas 2 And O 2 The decomposition reaction is exothermic, and N is adjusted 2 O and N 2 The mixing proportion of the ultra-high temperature gas is used for realizing the simulation of the pure air components, and the ultra-high temperature gas is obtained and used as the test gas for simulating the high Mach number wind tunnel environment.
Further: n is a radical of hydrogen 2 O and N 2 The mixing mass fraction ratio of (A) is 60.5% and 39.5%. Can reproduce the main component of pure air, and the chemical decomposition reaction decomposes 22% of O 2 And 78% of N 2 60.5% N in terms of the amount and mass of the chemically reacted substance 2 After O decomposition 38.5% N can be obtained 2 And 22% of O 2 Plus 39.5% high temperature N 2 And pure air with the target proportion can be obtained under the condition of complete reaction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention constructs that N can be utilized 2 O and high temperature N 2 System for reactively simulating high Mach ultra high temperature environments that successfully convert to high temperature N 2 With heated N 2 O is mixed with N 2 Heating O in the mixture to decompose into N at high temperature 2 And O 2 The decomposition reaction further releases heat to be used as a secondary heating mode of the system, and the generated ultrahigh-temperature gas can be used for simulating the high Mach wind tunnel environment;
2. generation method of the present invention, N 2 O is in N 2 Decomposition to N at elevated temperature 2 And O 2 The main components of the pure air are reproduced to obtain the ultra-high temperature gas which is used as the test gas for simulating the high Mach number wind tunnel environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for simulating a high Mach ultra high temperature environment;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for simulating the occurrence of a high mach number ultra high temperature environment.
In the figure, 1: n is a radical of hydrogen 2 An O preheater; 2: n is a radical of 2 A preheater; 3: a mixing chamber; 4: a reaction chamber; 5-1: a first temperature sensor; 5-2: a second temperature sensor; 5-3: a third temperature sensor; 6: a gas composition measuring instrument; 7: a heating element; 8: a first outer thermally insulating support structure; 9: a first insulating layer; 10: a first heat storage body; 11: an electric heating layer; 12: a second outer thermally insulating support structure; 13: a coil; 14: an internal thermally insulating support structure; 15: a second heat storage body; 16: a second insulating layer; 17: and (5) a clamping structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "secured" are to be construed broadly. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a system for simulating a high mach number ultra high temperature environment using N 2 O and high temperature N 2 The reaction simulates a high Mach number ultrahigh temperature environment, and specifically comprises N 2 O preheater 1, N 2 A preheater 2, a mixing chamber 3 and a reaction chamber 4; to prevent N 2 Decomposition of O gas in preheat heater for N 2 O gas flow and N 2 Preheating the gas streams using respective preheaters, N 2 The decomposition reaction of O gas is only carried out in the process of mixing reaction;
said N is 2 O preheater 1, N 2 The preheater 2 is respectively connected with the mixing chamber 3, and the mixing chamber 3 is connected with the reaction chamber 4;
said N is 2 The bottom of the O preheater 1 is provided with N 2 O inlet, N on top 2 O outlet, N 2 A first temperature sensor 5-1 is arranged at the O outlet; said N is 2 The bottom of the preheater 2 is provided with N 2 Inlet, top set N 2 Outlet, N 2 A second temperature sensor 5-2 is arranged at the outlet;
said N is 2 A heating element 7 is arranged on a pipeline connected between the O preheater 1 and the mixing chamber 3, and a third temperature sensor 5-3 and a gas composition measuring instrument 6 are arranged at the outlet of the mixing chamber 3.
N 2 O preheater 1 for adding N 2 O heating to 950K as preheat N 2 Device of O, N to be flowed 2 Preheating O gas to a temperature just below the decomposition limit; n is a radical of 2 Preheater 2 for preheating N 2 Heating to 3000K as preheat N 2 For feeding the system with high temperature N 2 (ii) a Mixing chamber 3 as N 2 O and N 2 The mixing place ensures that the two air flows are fully mixed; reaction chamber 4, N 2 O is at a high temperature N 2 After mixing, decomposition conditions are reached as N 2 The temperature of reaction products reaches 2500K in the main place of O decomposition reaction.
The first temperature sensor 5-1, the second temperature sensor 5-2 and the third temperature sensor 5-3 are all thermocouples and are used for monitoring the temperature of gas at the outlet of the preheater and the temperature of test gas after decomposition reaction.
The gas component measuring instrument 6 is used for measuring the components of the test gas after the decomposition reaction occurs, and knowing the decomposition reaction condition.
The heating element 7 is arranged at N 2 Between the O preheater and the mixing chamber, N in the pipeline is maintained 2 The temperature of O. Specifically, the tube wall is heated by an electric heating mode of winding a resistance wire, and the gas temperature is kept.
Said N is 2 The O preheater 1 comprises a first outer layer heat insulation supporting structure 8 and a second outer layer heat insulation supporting structureA heat preservation 9, first heat accumulator 10 and electric heating layer 11, first heat accumulator 10 outside cladding first heat preservation 9, the first heat preservation 9 outside sets up first outer thermal-insulated bearing structure 8, and first heat accumulator 10 is inside to be set up electric heating layer 11 and to heat, and first heat accumulator 10 is inside to be equipped with the flow path that supplies the gas circulation. The first heat accumulator 10 is an alumina pebble which is easy to oxidize, the alumina pebble gap is a flow path for gas to flow through, and the gas obtains energy through the heat convection effect with the alumina pebble to improve the temperature.
Said N is 2 Preheater 2 includes the thermal-insulated bearing structure 12 of second skin, coil 13, inside thermal-insulated bearing structure 14, second heat accumulator 15 and second heat preservation 16, second heat accumulator 15 outside cladding second heat preservation 16, the second heat preservation 16 outside sets up inside thermal-insulated bearing structure 14, the thermal-insulated bearing structure 12 of inside thermal-insulated bearing structure 14 outside suit second skin, set up coil 13 between inside thermal-insulated bearing structure 14 and the thermal-insulated bearing structure 12 of second skin, heat second heat accumulator 15 through induction heating mode, the inside flow path that supplies the gas circulation that is equipped with of second heat accumulator 15. The second heat storage body 15 is a graphite heat storage body. The graphite heat accumulator is used for heating pure N 2 . The maximum use temperature of the preheater depends not only on the characteristics of the heat storage material itself but also on the shape of the heat storage unit. When the flow is large or the temperature is high, the graphite pebble heater is easy to generate dust pollution, and the pebbles are blown by gas to float, generally an integrally formed hollow structure with a reserved flow path is adopted, a spiral graphite heater can obtain nitrogen with continuous temperature reaching 3000K, and before preheating, N is used 2 The nitrogen gas of certain flow need be let in the preheater to the exhaust air, keep graphite in anaerobic environment, before the experiment began, the graphite heat accumulator carries out induction heating through arranging the water-cooling copper coil in the heater, after heating the graphite heat accumulator to sufficient temperature, again from N 2 And introducing nitrogen into the bottom of the preheater. The second heat-insulating layer 16 is a graphite felt, the inside of the water-cooling copper coil is protected and insulated by an internal heat-insulating support structure, and the internal heat-insulating support structure is made of ceramic materials such as silicon carbide and the like. Said N is 2 The preheater 2 further comprises a clamping structure 17, N 2 Pre-heaterThe top layer of 2 is pressed against the fixed preheater shape by means of the clamping arrangement 17.
A plurality of flat plates vertical to the gas flowing direction are arranged in the mixing chamber, and the flat plates are arranged in a staggered mode. The mixing is enhanced by means of turbulence caused by the staggered plates, which may be made of stainless steel. Because the gas flow enters the mixing chamber tangentially, due to the spiral nature of the gas flow, the ultra-high temperature region of the gas flow will appear near the wall of the mixing chamber, the body of the mixing chamber may be made of zirconia material, in order to minimize the loss of heat energy, and to retain more energy in the gas, the wall of the mixing chamber needs to be tightly insulated, and preferably the mixing chamber is externally wrapped with a heating element, which may be a coil, heated by induction heating. The reaction chamber may be surrounded by a resistive heater element and thermally insulated to reduce heat loss from the gas.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a method for simulating the generation of a high mach number ultra-high temperature environment, which is implemented based on the system for simulating a high mach number ultra-high temperature environment described in embodiment 1. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) In N 2 In an O preheater, adding N 2 Heating O to 900-1000K to obtain heated N 2 O；
(2) In N 2 In the preheater, N is added 2 Heating to 3000K to obtain high temperature N 2 ；
(3) High temperature N 2 With heated N 2 Mixing the O in a mixing chamber;
(4) The gas fully mixed in the mixing chamber enters the reaction chamber for reaction, N 2 O is in N 2 Decomposition of N by chemical decomposition reaction at high temperature brought by gas 2 And O 2 The decomposition reaction is exothermic, and N is adjusted 2 O and N 2 The mixing proportion of the ultra-high temperature gas is used for realizing the simulation of the pure air components, and the ultra-high temperature gas is obtained and used as the test gas for simulating the high Mach number wind tunnel environment.
N 2 O and N 2 Is 60.5% by mass and39.5 percent. Can reproduce main components of pure air, and the chemical decomposition reaction decomposes 22% of O 2 And 78% of N 2 60.5% N in relation to the amount and mass of the chemically reacted substance 2 After O decomposition 38.5% N can be obtained 2 And 22% of O 2 Plus 39.5% high temperature N 2 And pure air with the target proportion can be obtained under the condition of complete reaction.
The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as would be understood by those skilled in the art from the specification and claims herein.
Claims (6)
1. A system for simulating a high Mach number ultrahigh temperature environment is characterized in that: comprising N 2 O preheater (1), N 2 A preheater (2), a mixing chamber (3) and a reaction chamber (4);
said N is 2 O preheater (1), N 2 The preheater (2) is respectively connected with the mixing chamber (3), and the mixing chamber (3) is connected with the reaction chamber (4);
said N is 2 The bottom of the O preheater (1) is provided with N 2 O inlet, N on top 2 O outlet, N 2 A first temperature sensor (5-1) is arranged at the O outlet;
said N is 2 The bottom of the preheater (2) is provided with N 2 Inlet, top set N 2 Outlet, N 2 A second temperature sensor (5-2) is arranged at the outlet;
said N is 2 A heating element (7) is arranged on a pipeline connected between the O preheater (1) and the mixing chamber (3), and a third temperature sensor (5-3) and a gas component measuring instrument (6) are arranged at an outlet of the mixing chamber (3);
said N is 2 The O preheater (1) comprises a first outer layer heat insulation supporting structure (8), a first heat preservation layer (9), a first heat storage body (10) and an electric heating layer (11), wherein the first heat preservation layer (9) is coated on the outer side of the first heat storage body (10), the first outer layer heat insulation supporting structure (8) is arranged on the outer side of the first heat preservation layer (9), the electric heating layer (11) is arranged in the first heat storage body (10) for heating, and a flow path for circulating gas is arranged in the first heat storage body (10);
the first heat accumulator (10) is alumina pebble, and an alumina pebble gap is a flow path for gas to flow;
said N is 2 The preheater (2) comprises a second outer-layer heat insulation supporting structure (12), a coil (13), an inner heat insulation supporting structure (14), a second heat accumulator (15) and a second heat insulation layer (16), the second heat insulation layer (16) is coated on the outer side of the second heat accumulator (15), the inner heat insulation supporting structure (14) is arranged on the outer side of the second heat insulation layer (16), the second outer-layer heat insulation supporting structure (12) is sleeved on the outer side of the inner heat insulation supporting structure (14), the coil (13) is arranged between the inner heat insulation supporting structure (14) and the second outer-layer heat insulation supporting structure (12), the second heat accumulator (15) is heated in an induction heating mode, and a flow path for gas to circulate is arranged inside the second heat accumulator (15);
the system for simulating the high-Mach ultrahigh-temperature environment comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) At N 2 In an O preheater, adding N 2 Heating O to 900-1000K to obtain heated N 2 O；
(2) In N 2 In the preheater, N is added 2 Heating to 3000K to obtain high temperature N 2 ；
(3) High temperature N 2 With heated N 2 O in the mixing chamberMixing;
(4) The gas fully mixed in the mixing chamber enters the reaction chamber for reaction, N 2 O is in N 2 Decomposition of N by chemical decomposition reaction at high temperature by gas 2 And O 2 The decomposition reaction is exothermic, and N is adjusted 2 O and N 2 The mixing proportion of the gas-liquid mixture realizes the simulation of pure air components, and the ultrahigh-temperature gas is obtained and used as test gas for simulating the high Mach number wind tunnel environment.
2. A system for simulating a high mach number ultra high temperature environment in accordance with claim 1, wherein: said N is 2 The preheater (2) further comprises a clamping structure (17), N 2 The top layer of the preheater (2) is pressed and fixed in the shape of the preheater through a clamping structure (17).
3. A system for simulating a high mach number ultra high temperature environment in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the second heat accumulator (15) is a graphite heat accumulator.
4. The system for simulating a high mach number ultra high temperature environment of claim 1, wherein: the first temperature sensor (5-1), the second temperature sensor (5-2) and the third temperature sensor (5-3) are all thermocouples.
5. A system for simulating a high mach number ultra high temperature environment in accordance with claim 1, wherein: a plurality of flat plates vertical to the gas flowing direction are arranged in the mixing chamber (3) in a staggered mode.
6. A system for simulating a high mach number ultra high temperature environment in accordance with claim 1, wherein: n is a radical of hydrogen 2 O and N 2 The mixing mass fraction ratio of (A) is 60.5% and 39.5%.
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