CN115415292B - Wet dealkalization method and treatment system for red mud - Google Patents

Wet dealkalization method and treatment system for red mud Download PDF

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CN115415292B
CN115415292B CN202211201647.1A CN202211201647A CN115415292B CN 115415292 B CN115415292 B CN 115415292B CN 202211201647 A CN202211201647 A CN 202211201647A CN 115415292 B CN115415292 B CN 115415292B
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red mud
wet
slurry
carbon dioxide
gypsum
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CN115415292A (en
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李鹏
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/32—Compressing or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a wet dealkalization method and a treatment system for red mud. The wet dealkalization method of the red mud comprises the following steps: (1) Introducing carbon dioxide gas into the red mud to be treated, and carbonizing; (2) Mixing and stirring the red mud slurry carbonized in the step (1) and the composite gypsum slurry, and calcification; (3) And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the calcified red mud slurry in the step (2), wherein the obtained solid is dealkalized red mud. The wet dealkalization method of red mud utilizes the combination of carbon dioxide and gypsum to reduce and control alkali, can obviously reduce the pH value, the alkalization degree, the free alkali and the combined alkali content of the red mud, reduces the alkali to a usable range, and has stability in long term due to the reduction of the combined alkali content.

Description

Wet dealkalization method and treatment system for red mud
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a red mud wet dealkalization method and a treatment system.
Background
Red mud is a solid waste produced in the industrial production process of alumina. It is counted that 0.8-1.5 tons of red mud is produced per 1 ton of alumina produced. However, the red mud is difficult to recycle due to the characteristic of strong alkalinity, and a large amount of red mud is accumulated. A large amount of red mud cannot be fully and effectively utilized, and can only be stacked by virtue of a large-area storage yard, so that the development of the alumina industry is hindered while serious environmental pollution is caused. The red mud with various activities and reduced alkalinity can be used for manufacturing glass, cement, roadbed materials and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Currently, the methods for reducing alkali in red mud mainly comprise a water washing method, an acid leaching method, a carbonization method, an alkaloid adjusting method and the like. However, the above methods generally have the disadvantages of long time and high cost, and are not suitable for large-scale industrial treatment of red mud. For example: the water washing method has the advantages of high water consumption, poor dealkalization effect and poor technical economy; the acid leaching method can effectively remove alkali, but has the problems of high cost, difficult acid recovery and the like, and is not suitable for the industrial production process; the carbonization method has long time, and the dealkalization rate can only reach about 40-50%, and the red mud recycling requirement can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the existing red mud cannot be effectively dealkalized, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a wet dealkalized method of red mud; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a red mud wet dealkalization treatment system.
The conception of the invention is as follows:
the red mud alkalinity is mainly derived from free alkali and combined alkaliThe free alkali in the red mud mainly comprises NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 、NaHCO 3 、NaAl(OH) 4 Etc., the chemically bound alkali of the bound alkali red mud mainly comprises calcite (CaCO) 3 ) Sodalite ([ Na) 6 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ][2NaX or Na ] 2 X]) Cancrinite ([ Na) 6 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ]·2[CaCO 3 ]) Tricalcium aluminate (TCA, ca) 3 Al 2 (OH) 12 ) Garnet hydrate (Ca) 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) x (OH) 12-4x ) In the prior art, the water washing method, the acid gas neutralization method and the like can only play a good role in removing free alkali, but can not effectively remove combined alkali.
The invention provides a wet dealkalization method of red mud, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Introducing carbon dioxide gas into the red mud to be treated, and carbonizing;
(2) Mixing and stirring the red mud slurry carbonized in the step (1) and the composite gypsum slurry, and calcification;
(3) And (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the calcified red mud slurry in the step (2), wherein the obtained solid is dealkalized red mud.
Preferably, in the step (1), the solid content of the red mud to be treated is 20-30wt%.
Preferably, in the wet dealkalization method of the red mud, in the step (1), the mass volume ratio of the red mud to the carbon dioxide in the red mud to be treated is (30-45) kg:1L; further preferably, the mass volume ratio of the red mud to the carbon dioxide in the red mud to be treated is (35-40) kg:1L.
Preferably, in the wet dealkalization method of the red mud, in the step (1), the carbon dioxide is introduced at a speed of 3-6L/min; the red mud to be treated cannot be carbonized effectively at too high or too low a feeding speed.
Preferably, in the wet dealkalization method of the red mud, in the step (1), the carbon dioxide is introduced for 25-40min.
Preferably, in the wet dealkalization method of the red mud, in the step (2), the composite gypsum slurry is a mixed solution of gypsum and ammonium chloride; the inventor finds that the ammonium chloride is added into the composite gypsum slurry, so that the gypsum is more fully dissolved, the alkalinity reducing effect is more obvious when the gypsum is added into a red mud system for common stirring, and further optimization is realized.
It is further preferred that the mass ratio of gypsum to ammonium chloride in the composite gypsum slurry is (40-55): 1, a step of; still further preferably, the mass ratio of gypsum to ammonium chloride is (45-50): 1, a step of; when the addition amount of ammonium chloride is too small, the effect of reducing alkali is not obvious, and when the addition amount of ammonium chloride is too large, the effect of reducing alkali cannot be further improved, the cost of reducing alkali is increased, and the economic benefit of the process is reduced.
Preferably, in the wet dealkalization method of the red mud, in the step (2), the gypsum content in the composite gypsum slurry is 1.6-5wt%; the mass ratio of the composite gypsum slurry to red mud in the carbonized red mud is 1: (8-12).
Preferably, in the step (2), the surfactant is added while mixing and stirring, and the surfactant can be at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl alcohol amide, sodium olefin sulfonate, linear sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and sodium stearate; the red mud particles in the system are easy to gather together, so that the combined alkali is wrapped, and the surfactant can divide the solid particle aggregate into fine particles, so that the solid particles are dispersed and suspended in the solution, and further play a role in releasing the combined alkali; further preferably, the mass ratio of the surfactant to red mud in the carbonized red mud slurry is (0.1-0.2): 100.
preferably, in the step (2), the stirring time is 8-15min.
Preferably, in the wet dealkalization method of red mud, in the step (3), coagulant and/or flocculant are added when calcified red mud slurry is subjected to solid-liquid separation; further preferably, when the calcified red mud is subjected to solid-liquid separation, a flocculating agent is added, and the solid-liquid separation speed of the red mud can be accelerated by adding the flocculating agent and/or the flocculating agent; still further preferably, the mass ratio of the red mud to the flocculant in the calcified red mud is (42-45): 1.
the invention provides a treatment system for implementing the wet dealkalization method of red mud, which comprises a tubular carbonizer, a red mud stirring tank, a mixing stirring tank and a solid-liquid separation device which are connected in sequence; the mixing stirring tank is also connected with the gypsum stirring tank.
Preferably, in the treatment system, the tubular carbonizer is in a vertical cylinder shape, a spiral shaft is arranged in the tubular carbonizer, two openings are arranged at the bottom of the tubular carbonizer, one opening is used for entering red mud slurry, and the other opening is used for entering carbon dioxide gas.
Further preferably, the rotation speed of the screw shaft of the tubular carbonizer is 50-70r/min; still further preferably, the rotational speed of the screw shaft of the tubular carbonizer is 55-65r/min; the tubular carbonizer is used for premixing carbon dioxide and red mud, carbon dioxide gas enters the tubular carbonizer, the red mud in the red mud stirring tank is conveyed to the tubular carbonizer through a pump, the red mud and the carbon dioxide are premixed in the tubular carbonizer, and then the red mud and the carbon dioxide are conveyed to the red mud stirring tank for further carbonization. The rotating speed of the screw shaft of the tubular carbonizer has an important influence on the premixing alkali-reducing effect of the tubular carbonizer, and the rotating speed is too small or too large to realize a good treatment effect.
Preferably, in the treatment system, a stirring paddle is arranged in the red mud stirring tank, and the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 50-70r/min.
Preferably, in the treatment system, a stirring paddle is arranged in the gypsum stirring tank, and the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 50-70r/min; the preparation of the composite gypsum slurry is carried out in a gypsum stirring tank, water, gypsum and ammonium chloride are added, and stirring and mixing are carried out for more than or equal to 8 minutes, so that the gypsum needs to be fully dissolved.
Preferably, in the treatment system, a stirring paddle is arranged in the mixing and stirring tank, the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 50-70r/min, and the stirring time is 15-30min.
Preferably, in the treatment system, the solid-liquid separation device comprises a thickening tank and a pressure filter, wherein coagulant and/or flocculant are added into the thickening tank, and the purpose of adding the coagulant and/or flocculant is to accelerate the solid-liquid separation of the red mud in the thickening tank.
Further preferably, a stirring paddle is arranged in the thickening tank.
The third aspect of the invention provides dealkalized red mud, which is treated by the wet dealkalization method of red mud.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention adopts the carbonization and calcification combined alkali reduction mode, and has obvious alkali reduction effect. The pH value, the alkalization degree, the free alkali and the combined alkali content of the red mud can be obviously reduced by utilizing the combination of the carbon dioxide and the gypsum to reduce the alkali to a usable range, and the alkali reducing effect has stability in a long term due to the reduction of the combined alkali content.
2. The red mud dealkalization method has simple process and low cost. Compared with the existing red mud alkali reduction process, such as the existing lime alkali removal method, the method has the advantages of higher requirements on devices and complex flow, and needs to be heated and boosted; for example, the existing flocculation and inorganic acid neutralization method has high cost and is not easy to popularize, the whole production process flow of the method is simple, the red mud can be treated in a large scale, and the used medicines are extremely cheap and are easy to popularize.
3. The red mud dealkalization method has good alkali reduction effect and high alkali reduction efficiency. The method provided by the invention can reduce the pH value of the red mud leaching solution to 8.5 in about 1h, and the existing alkali-reducing process by the carbon dioxide gypsum method needs more than 6h because the solubility of gypsum is low and the dissolution process is slower, so that the reaction time is too long.
4. According to the invention, the weight gain of the red mud after treatment is controlled to be 10% -15% by optimizing carbonization and calcification modes and process formulas. Compared with the prior art that the dry weight ratio of gypsum to red mud is 1:6, the dry weight ratio of gypsum to red mud is controlled to be about 1:10, and a cosolvent (ammonium chloride) is added to enable the red mud to have little weight gain and good alkali-reducing effect, the weight gain of the dealkalization method is only 10% -15% after alkali reduction of each ton of red mud, and the weight gain of the prior art is more than 20%.
5. The red mud wet dealkalization treatment system creatively uses a tubular carbonizer, the center of the inside of the tubular carbonizer is provided with a spiral shaft, and multiple stirring can be carried out after the red mud enters the tubular carbonizer; simultaneously, carbon dioxide is introduced from the air holes at the lower end, the contact area with the red mud slurry is large, and carbon dioxide bubbles introduced to the bottom float upwards, so that the reaction area is greatly increased, the spiral shaft cuts the carbon dioxide bubbles simultaneously to form more tiny bubbles, the resistance of the liquid film side of a gas-liquid interface is reduced along with stirring, the mass transfer of gas to the liquid phase is increased, the dealkalization reaction rate is also increased, and the reaction efficiency is obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a wet dealkalization treatment system of red mud in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wet dealkalization treatment system for red mud according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is exemplary, and the examples described by reference to the drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the examples are all commercially available from conventional sources or may be obtained by methods known in the art unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, assays or testing methods are routine in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a red mud wet dealkalization treatment system, which comprises a tubular carbonizer, a red mud stirring tank, a gypsum stirring tank, a mixing stirring tank and a solid-liquid separation device; the tubular carbonizer, the red mud stirring tank, the mixing stirring tank and the solid-liquid separation device are connected in sequence, and the gypsum stirring tank is connected with the mixing stirring tank.
The tubular carbonizer is in a vertical cylinder shape, the center of the inside of the tubular carbonizer is provided with a spiral shaft, the bottom of the tubular carbonizer is provided with two openings, one opening is used for entering red mud slurry, and the other opening is used for entering carbon dioxide gas.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments of the invention, the red mud wet dealkalization treatment system comprises a carbon dioxide gas tank, a tubular carbonizer, a red mud stirring tank, a circulating pump, a first sludge pump, a gypsum stirring tank, a second sludge pump, a mixing stirring tank, a dosing pump, a medicament tank, a third sludge pump, a thickening tank, a filter press, a water return tank and a water adding pump.
The following describes a red mud dealkalization method by using a red mud wet dealkalization treatment system according to an embodiment of the invention according to fig. 2, which specifically comprises the following steps:
adding red mud to be treated into a red mud stirring tank, and adding a proper amount of water into the red mud stirring tank to stir; the method comprises the steps that gas in a carbon dioxide gas tank enters a tubular carbonizer, a circulating pump simultaneously pumps red mud at the bottom of a red mud stirring tank and conveys the red mud to the tubular carbonizer, carbon dioxide gas and the red mud are premixed in the tubular carbonizer, and finally the carbon dioxide gas and the red mud enter a red mud stirring tank to be fully mixed, and the red mud in the red mud stirring tank enters a mixing stirring tank through a first mud pump;
adding clear water in the water return tank into a gypsum stirring tank through a water adding pump, adding gypsum and ammonium chloride into the gypsum stirring tank to stir and mix, and feeding the mixture into a mixing stirring tank through a second sludge pump; adding a surfactant and water into a medicament barrel to prepare a medicament, and feeding the medicament into a mixing and stirring tank through a medicament adding pump, and fully stirring the mixture in the mixing and stirring tank to realize further dealkalization of the red mud;
the red mud reacted in the mixing and stirring tank enters a thickening tank through a third mud pump to carry out solid-liquid separation, red mud slurry at the bottom enters a filter press to carry out filter pressing, and harmless red mud is obtained after filter pressing; and the supernatant fluid of the thickening tank enters a water return tank for preparing gypsum slurry in a gypsum stirring tank and red mud slurry in a red mud stirring tank.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a red mud wet dealkalization method, which adopts a red mud wet dealkalization treatment system shown in figure 2 for treatment and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing red mud carbonization and composite gypsum slurry: adding raw red mud and water into a red mud stirring tank together, opening a carbon dioxide gas tank, enabling carbon dioxide gas to enter a tubular carbonizer, conveying red mud slurry in the red mud stirring tank into the tubular carbonizer through a circulating pump, and premixing the carbon dioxide gas and the red mud slurry in the tubular carbonizer; then the mixture enters a red mud stirring tank for comprehensive carbonization; simultaneously, adding gypsum, ammonium chloride and water into a gypsum stirring tank and stirring together to prepare composite gypsum slurry;
(2) Discharging the red mud slurry and the composite gypsum slurry into a mixing and stirring tank through a mud pump, adding a surfactant, and stirring again;
(3) Discharging the fully stirred red mud into a thickening tank, and adding a flocculating agent, so that rapid solid-liquid separation is performed;
(4) And rapidly draining the precipitated red mud at the bottom of the thickening tank through a filter press to obtain dealkalized red mud.
The technological parameters in the whole flow are as follows:
in the step (1), raw red mud: water = 1:5, controlling the solid content in the red mud stirring tank to be 20-25%; before introducing carbon dioxide, the pH of the supernatant of the red mud stirring tank is 11.4-11.6; red mud in red mud: carbon dioxide = 35kg:1L, carbon dioxide flow rate 5L/min, charging time 30min, and charging carbon dioxide for treatment, wherein pH is 9.12;
in the step (1), the composite gypsum slurry contains 4g of ammonium chloride and 189.4g of desulfurized gypsum in every 5kg of water, and the stirring time is 10-15min in the preparation process;
in the step (2), the adding amount of the composite gypsum slurry is 10% of the total amount of red mud in the red mud slurry;
in the step (2), red mud in red mud: surfactant = 100: (0.1-0.2), stirring for 10min;
in the step (3), red mud in red mud: flocculant= (42-45): 1, standing for 18-20min in a thickening tank;
in the step (4), the pressure value of the filter press is 30t/m of the thrust of the filter press 2 。
In order to test whether the dealkalized red mud in the embodiment has alkali returning phenomenon, the red mud mixed solution added with the flocculating agent in the step (3) is placed in a barrel, the initial pH value is measured to be 8.07, then standing and stirring are carried out, the pH value is measured, and the specific operation process and the pH value change are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the wet dealkalization method of red mud in this example does not generate the alkali return phenomenon even after a long time.
Example 2
The wet dealkalization method of red mud in this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step (1) of this embodiment, the ratio of red mud to carbon dioxide in red mud slurry=20 kg:1L, pH 10.12 after carbon dioxide treatment was measured.
Example 3
The wet dealkalization method of red mud in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that in step (1) of this embodiment, the ratio of red mud to carbon dioxide in red mud slurry=25 kg:1L, pH 9.87 after carbon dioxide treatment was measured.
Example 4
The wet dealkalization method of red mud in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that in step (1) of this embodiment, the ratio of red mud to carbon dioxide in red mud slurry=30 kg:1L, pH 9.53 after carbon dioxide treatment was measured.
Example 5
The wet dealkalization method of red mud in this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step (1) of this embodiment, the ratio of red mud to carbon dioxide in red mud slurry=40 kg:1L, pH 9.15 after carbon dioxide treatment was measured.
Example 6
The wet dealkalization method of red mud in this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step (1) of this embodiment, the ratio of red mud to carbon dioxide in red mud slurry=45 kg:1L, pH 9.18 after carbon dioxide treatment was measured.
Example 7
The difference between the wet dealkalization method of red mud of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (2) of the embodiment, the adding amount of the composite gypsum slurry is 5% of the total amount of red mud; and (3) measuring the pH value of the red mud mixed solution after adding the flocculant in the step (3) to be 8.49.
Example 8
The difference between the wet dealkalization method of red mud of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (2) of the embodiment, the adding amount of the composite gypsum slurry is 15% of the total amount of red mud; and (3) measuring the pH value of the red mud mixed solution after adding the flocculant in the step (3) to be 8.39.
Example 9
The difference between the wet dealkalization method of red mud of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (2) of the embodiment, the adding amount of the composite gypsum slurry is 20% of the total amount of red mud; and (3) measuring the pH value of the red mud mixed solution after adding the flocculant in the step (3) to be 8.42.
Example 10
The wet dealkalization method of red mud of this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step (2) of this embodiment, the composite gypsum slurry is added in an amount of 25% of the total amount of red mud; and (3) measuring the pH value of the red mud mixed solution after adding the flocculant in the step (3) to be 8.47.
Comparative example 1
The wet dealkalization method of red mud of the comparative example is different from that of the example 1 in that in the step (1) of the comparative example, ammonium chloride is not added into the composite gypsum slurry, and the pH of the red mud mixed solution after adding the flocculating agent in the step (3) is measured to be 9.48, and the pH has larger rebound in the following 1-2 days.
Comparative example 2
The wet dealkalization method of red mud of this comparative example is different from example 1 in that in step (1) of this comparative example, carbon dioxide is introduced by a common air pipe (d12×8) instead of a tubular carbonizer, carbon dioxide gas is mixed with red mud in a red mud stirring tank, and the pH after carbon dioxide introduction treatment is measured to be 10.12.
While the above description has been made in connection with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but it is to be understood that any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like which comes within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included.

Claims (5)

1. The wet dealkalization method of the red mud is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Introducing carbon dioxide gas into the red mud to be treated, and carbonizing;
(2) Mixing and stirring the red mud slurry carbonized in the step (1) and the composite gypsum slurry, and calcification;
(3) Performing solid-liquid separation on the calcified red mud slurry in the step (2), wherein the obtained solid is dealkalized red mud;
in the step (1), the mass-volume ratio of the red mud to the carbon dioxide in the red mud to be treated is (30-45) kg:1L;
in the step (1), the carbon dioxide is introduced at a speed of 3-6L/min;
in the step (2), the composite gypsum slurry is a mixed solution of gypsum and ammonium chloride;
in the step (2), the mass ratio of the gypsum to the ammonium chloride is (40-55): 1, a step of;
in the step (2), the gypsum content in the composite gypsum slurry is 1.6-5wt%; the mass ratio of the composite gypsum slurry to the red mud in the carbonized red mud slurry is 1: (8-12).
2. The wet dealkalization method of red mud according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the surfactant is added while mixing and stirring.
3. A treatment system for implementing the wet dealkalization method of red mud as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising a tubular carbonizer, a red mud stirring tank, a mixing stirring tank and a solid-liquid separation device which are connected in sequence; the mixing stirring tank is also connected with the gypsum stirring tank.
4. A treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the tubular carbonizer is in the form of a vertical cylinder, provided with a screw shaft inside, and two openings at the bottom, one for the entry of red mud slurry and the other for the entry of carbon dioxide gas.
5. Dealkalized red mud is characterized in that the dealkalized red mud is treated by the red mud wet dealkalization method of claim 1 or 2.
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