CN115412175A - Optical equalization equipment, receiving equipment and communication system - Google Patents
Optical equalization equipment, receiving equipment and communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115412175A CN115412175A CN202110575750.1A CN202110575750A CN115412175A CN 115412175 A CN115412175 A CN 115412175A CN 202110575750 A CN202110575750 A CN 202110575750A CN 115412175 A CN115412175 A CN 115412175A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract
An optical equalization apparatus includes an intensity modulation module, a beam combining module, and a detection module. The intensity modulation module may modulate light intensity of the received optical signal, the beam combining module combines the modulated first part of the optical signal into a first optical signal, combines the modulated second part of the optical signal into a second optical signal, and obtains an equalized signal based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, where the equalized signal may be an electrical signal. The optical equalization equipment in the application does not need to modulate the phase of the optical signal in the process of optical equalization processing, simplifies the complexity of optical domain processing and reduces power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of optical technologies, and in particular, to an optical equalization apparatus, a receiving apparatus, and a communication system.
Background
Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) is a common problem in high-speed fiber optic communication systems that has restricted the development of higher-speed fiber optic communications. ISI problems can cause bit errors and thus reduce the performance and reliability of the system.
The prior art needs to equalize the optical signal to eliminate the ISI problem as much as possible, but for the case of inter-symbol interference, it is still very difficult to design an equalizer with high performance and power consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an optical equalization device, a receiving device and a communication system, which are used for reducing the processing complexity of an optical domain and simplifying the structure of the optical equalizer.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an optical equalization apparatus including an intensity modulation module, a beam combining module, and a detection module.
The optical signal processing process in the optical equalization device is as follows: the intensity modulation module receives a set of optical signals (e.g., a first set of optical signals), and modulates intensities of a plurality of optical signals in the first set of optical signals respectively to obtain a second set of optical signals (including the modulated plurality of optical signals). The intensity modulation module inputs the second group of optical signals to the beam combining module, and the beam combining module combines a first part of optical signals in the second group of optical signals into a first optical signal and combines a second part of optical signals in the second group of optical signals into a second optical signal. The detection module obtains an equalized signal based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, wherein the equalized signal is an electrical signal.
In the optical equalization device provided by the application, the phase of an optical signal does not need to be modulated in the optical equalization processing process, the complexity of optical domain processing is simplified, and the power consumption is reduced. The optical signal is not required to be phase modulated by a phase modulator, so that the structure of the optical equalization equipment is simplified, and the optical equalization equipment is insensitive to the polarization of the input optical signal and does not need to adjust the polarization. In addition, the optical equalization device provided by the application realizes the multiplication and addition operation required by the equalizer in an optical domain, realizes the equalization function through the subtraction operation of the detector module in an electrical domain, and can adapt to various application scenes.
In a possible implementation, the optical equalization device further includes an optical splitting delay module, and the optical splitting delay module may receive an input optical signal, for example, an optical signal from the sending device, and generate the first group of optical signals according to the input optical signal.
Optionally, the wind-solar delay module includes a light splitting module and a plurality of delay modules. The optical splitting module may receive an input optical signal, generate a plurality of optical signals from the input optical signal, each delay module may receive one optical signal, and the plurality of delay modules may delay sending the plurality of optical signals to the intensity modulation module, where the plurality of optical signals in the first set of optical signals includes the plurality of delayed optical signals.
In one possible implementation, the light splitting module may include at least one 1 × N beam splitter, where N is the number of light split by each beam splitter.
In one possible implementation, the plurality of delay modules includes a plurality of spiral waveguides. Due to the fact that the delay waveguide is short, loss can be reduced, and the delay waveguide is more suitable for serving as an equalizer of a future high-baud-rate optical communication scene.
In a possible implementation manner, the intensity modulation module includes a plurality of intensity modulators, and is configured to perform light intensity modulation on the first group of optical signals based on the set weight value to obtain a second group of optical signals, where each intensity modulator is configured to modulate one optical signal in the first group of optical signals to obtain one optical signal in the second group of optical signals.
Alternatively, the intensity modulator may be an electro-absorption modulator (EAM).
In the above design, since the optical equalization apparatus in the present application does not need a phase modulator (the phase modulators are both polarization-sensitive), an EAM that is insensitive to the polarization characteristic of input light may be used, and at the same time, an additional polarization modulation device does not need to be added to the optical equalization apparatus, thereby saving device overhead, and the structure is simpler.
In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of intensity modulators included in the intensity modulation module are divided into two groups, such as a first group of intensity modulators and a second group of intensity modulators; the first set of intensity modulators includes at least one intensity modulator; similarly, the second set of intensity modulators includes at least one intensity modulator.
The beam combining module comprises a first beam combiner and a second beam combiner. The first beam combiner is respectively connected to the intensity modulators in the first group of intensity modulators, and is capable of receiving a first portion of optical signals output by the first group of intensity modulators and combining the first portion of optical signals into one path of optical signals (e.g., a first optical signal); the second beam combiner is respectively connected to the intensity modulators in the second group of modulators, and may receive the second part of optical signals output by the second group of intensity modulators, and combine the second part of optical signals into one optical signal (e.g., a second optical signal).
In one possible implementation, the detection module includes a first detector and a second detector; the first detector may receive the first optical signal, detect an optical intensity (e.g., a first optical intensity) of the first optical signal, convert the first optical intensity into a first electrical signal; the second detector may receive the second optical signal, detect an optical intensity of the second optical signal (e.g., a second optical intensity), and convert the second optical intensity into a second electrical signal; and obtaining the equalized signal according to the difference value of the second electric signal of the first electric signal.
In one possible implementation manner, a first end of the first detector is connected to the first input voltage, and a second end of the first detector is connected to a first end of the second detector; the third end of the first detector is connected with the output end of the first beam combiner and used for receiving the first optical signal; the second end of the second detector is connected with a second input voltage, and the third end of the second detector is connected with the output end of the second beam combiner and used for receiving a second optical signal; the first input voltage is higher than the second input voltage, and the second end of the first detector and the first end of the second detector are connected with the output end of the detection module.
Illustratively, the first detector comprises a photodiode (e.g., a first photodiode), the second detector comprises a photodiode (e.g., a second photodiode), the first end of the first detector comprises a cathode of the first photodiode, the second end of the first detector comprises an anode of the first photodiode, the first end of the second detector comprises a cathode of the second photodiode, and the second end of the second detector comprises an anode of the second photodiode.
In the above design, the detection module can convert the optical signal into the electrical signal, and subtract the two electrical signals, that is, subtract operation is realized in the electrical domain, and compared with the existing mode that the phase of the optical signal needs to be modulated to realize subtraction of the two optical signals, the complexity of optical domain processing is simplified.
In a possible implementation manner, the optical equalization apparatus further includes a control module, where the control module is connected to the detection module, and is capable of receiving the equalized signal output by the detection module and adjusting the plurality of intensity modulators in the intensity modulation module according to the equalized signal.
By the design, the control module can adjust the intensity modulation coefficient in the electric domain so as to adapt to different requirements of various application scenes on different intensity modulation coefficients.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a receiving device comprising a processor and an optical equalizing device as described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a sending device and an optical equalization device as described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect. Wherein the sending device may send an input optical signal to the optical equalizing device, and the first group of signals is derived from the input optical signal.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an optical computing chip that may include an optical equalizing device as described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a possible communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of an equalizer;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an architecture of an optical equalizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical signal processing flow of an optical equalization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectroscopic delay module 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a split delay module 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical signal processing flow of an intensity modulation module 101 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical signal processing flow of another optical equalization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical signal processing flow of the beam combining module 102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical equalization apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides optical equalization equipment and an optical signal processing method, which are used for processing optical signals and reducing intersymbol interference.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the communication system may include a transmitting device 10 and a receiving device 20, and the transmitting device 10 and the receiving device 20 may be connected by an optical fiber. The transmitting device 10 includes an electrical-to-optical conversion module, which is used to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal, and the optical signal is transmitted to the receiving device 20 via an optical fiber channel.
The optical signal carries information, the information is transmitted with symbol granularity in a time domain, one slot includes K symbols, K is a positive integer, and the number of symbols included in one slot is different in different subcarriers. During transmission of an optical signal, intersymbol Interference (ISI) occurs due to a limited bandwidth of a transmission device (such as an optical fiber), dispersion (sometimes referred to as group velocity dispersion or GVD) and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) of the optical signal, and the like.
ISI, for example, a following symbol 2 interferes with a preceding symbol 1, in other words, an optical signal 2 for carrying the symbol 2 is dispersed into an optical signal 1 for carrying the symbol 1, so that the optical signal 2 is mixed into the optical signal 1 even if the optical signal 1 exists in a time domain resource in which the symbol 1 is located, the optical signal 2 interferes with the optical signal 1, signal distortion is caused, and a decoding error is caused subsequently.
To reduce ISI, the receiving device 20 may include an optical equalization device. The optical equalization device may process the received optical signal, such as by adjusting the signal at various frequencies to compensate for signal distortion and to filter out interfering signals as much as possible to recover the original signal, which may also be understood as a filter in some scenarios. For example, in connection with the above example, the optical equalization device may modulate the intensity and phase of the optical signal 1 and the optical signal 2, respectively, in the time domain resource in which the symbol 1 is located. The modulation of the intensity refers to multiplying the intensity of the optical signal by an intensity modulation coefficient, while the phase modulation may be used to change the phase of the light, and in the art, two beams of light with the same intensity and opposite phases may be considered to cancel each other, which may be understood as the phase modulation coefficient used to determine the positive and negative of the intensity modulation coefficient, and finally, the modulation result of the optical signal 1 and the modulation result of the optical signal 2 are added to obtain the result after the equalization processing, which is described in detail as follows:
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical equalizer. In fig. 2, it is assumed that the information carried by the input optical signal is x (n), and for convenience of description, x (n) is given to include x1, x2, and x3 (consecutive 3 symbols) arranged in time sequence. In the time domain, x2 is x1 is the next symbol, and x3 is x2 is the next symbol, i.e. in the normal case, the receiving end receives x1 first, then x2, and finally x3.
The optical equalizer further comprises a plurality of delay modules, such as delay module 1 and delay module 2. After receiving the optical signal, at the node a, the optical signal is transmitted to b0 and the delay module 1, respectively; at node B, the optical signal is transmitted to B1 and delay block 2, respectively. The delay time of each delay block is given as the time to transmit one symbol.
Referring to fig. 2 (a), at a first time, x1 first reaches b0, at the same time, x1 reaches the delay module 1, and then x1 needs to wait at the delay module 1, and the delay time reaches, referring to fig. 2 (b), at a second time (different from the first time by a delay time), x1 reaches b1, x2 reaches b0 (x 1 itself is a symbol, and after a delay time, x1 is transmitted at b0, and x2 reaches b 0), x1 of another signal reaches the delay module 2, and x2 of another signal reaches the delay module 1. Similarly, the next delay time arrives, as shown in fig. 2 (c), x1 arrives at b2, x2 arrives at b1, and x3 arrives at b0 at the third time (which is different from the second time by a delay time). Thus, 3 consecutive symbols can be obtained at the same time, and in a light scale, x1, x2, and x3 can be the intensity of the light signal.
Thereby obtaining a result y (n) = b0 x3+ b1 x2+ b2 x1 after the equalization process (optical equalization formula); wherein b0, b1 and b2 may be positive or negative numbers. b0, b1, b2 can be understood as taps of the optical equalizer. The taps of the optical equalizer shown in fig. 2 may have an intensity modulation function and a phase modulation function, and b0, b1, b2 may also be understood as a total modulation coefficient determined by both the intensity modulation coefficient and the phase modulation coefficient (the value of the total modulation coefficient is equal to the intensity modulation coefficient, and positive and negative are determined by the phase modulation coefficient).
Fig. 2 is a process of optical equalization processing by taking an example of consecutive 3 symbols. The optical equalizer shown in fig. 2 can be used to process interference within 3 symbols, and of course, interference between 3 or more symbols can be processed, but the processing accuracy is reduced. If the inter-symbol interference is more serious, in order to improve the processing accuracy, the number of taps required by the optical equalizer may also be more, for example, the 9 th symbol is shifted to the 1 st symbol, then 9 consecutive symbols may be collected to perform the optical equalization processing, in this case, the optical equalizer may include 9 taps having an intensity modulation function and a phase modulation function, it should be understood that, the more taps in the same optical equalizer, the more the hardware structure of the optical equalizer is complicated, and the more the implementation difficulty is.
The embodiment of the present application provides an optical equalization apparatus, and in the present application, a processing process of an optical signal by the optical equalization apparatus may include: the intensity modulation module can receive a plurality of optical signals and respectively modulate the intensities of the plurality of optical signals to obtain a plurality of modulated optical signals. The combining module receives the plurality of modulated optical signals, where the plurality of modulated optical signals may be divided into two parts, each part including at least one optical signal, and for convenience of description, the combining module may combine the first part of the optical signals into one optical signal (e.g., a first optical signal) and the second part of the optical signals into another optical signal (e.g., a second optical signal). The detection module may receive the first optical signal and the second optical signal, and obtain an equalized signal based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, where the equalized signal is an electrical signal. The optical equalization equipment in the application does not need to modulate the phase of the optical signal in the process of optical equalization processing, simplifies the complexity of optical domain processing, and reduces the complexity of the structure of a single tap.
Referring to fig. 3, an optical equalization apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, where the optical equalization apparatus 10 includes an intensity modulation module 101, a beam combining module 102, and a detection module 103; optionally, the optical delay module 100 and the receiving and control module 104 may be further included, and since the optical delay module 100 and the receiving and control module 104 are optional, they are shown by dashed boxes in fig. 3.
In this embodiment, the optical splitter delay module 100 may receive an optical signal (e.g., an input optical signal) transmitted by a transmitting device and generate a set of optical signals (e.g., a first set of optical signals for convenience of illustration) according to the input optical signal, where the first set of optical signals includes a plurality of optical signals. The light intensities of the plurality of optical signals may be completely the same, or not completely the same, or completely different, which is not limited in this application. That is, the optical splitter delay block 100 may divide the input optical signal into a plurality of optical signals, so that the optical intensities of the plurality of optical signals are identical. If not equally divided, the resulting optical intensities of the multiple optical signals may be completely different or not identical.
The intensity modulation module 101 may receive a first group of optical signals, and modulate intensities of a plurality of optical signals in the first group of optical signals respectively to obtain a second group of optical signals, where the second group of optical signals includes a plurality of optical signals after intensity modulation. The intensities of the modulated optical signals may be completely the same, or not completely the same, or completely different, which is related to the intensity modulation coefficient of each optical signal, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
The combining module 102 may receive the second set of optical signals, combine a first portion of the second set of optical signals into one optical signal (which may be referred to as a first optical signal), and combine a second portion of the second set of optical signals into another optical signal (which may be referred to as a second optical signal). The first portion of optical signals and the second portion of optical signals form a second set of optical signals, the first portion of optical signals includes at least one optical signal, and similarly, the second portion of optical signals includes at least one optical signal.
In fact, referring to the optical equalization formula, a group of several optical signals with positive modulation coefficients and a group of several optical signals with negative modulation coefficients may be used in the optical equalization formula. In the embodiment of the present application, the two optical signals obtained after the summation are converted into the electrical signals to perform the subtraction operation, that is, in the present application, a plurality of optical signals corresponding to the electrical signals that are to be subtracted in the subtraction operation may be combined into one path, and a plurality of optical signals corresponding to the electrical signals that are to be subtracted may be combined into one path. Of course, a group of optical signals may include only one optical signal, and then, beam combining is not needed, for example, when the first part of optical signals includes only one optical signal a, the combined optical signal is the optical signal a. In practice, which optical signals are combined into one path is determined by the connection arrangement of the physical devices, which will be described in detail below. Hereinafter, a partial optical signal with a positive modulation factor will be described as a first partial optical signal, and a partial optical signal with a negative modulation factor will be described as a second partial optical signal.
The detection module 103 may receive the first optical signal and the second optical signal, and obtain an equalized signal based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, where the equalized signal is an electrical signal.
The receiving and controlling module 104 receives the equalized signal, and optionally, may adjust each intensity modulation coefficient in the intensity modulating module 101 according to the equalized signal.
Next, referring to fig. 4, a process of processing an optical signal of the optical equalizing apparatus shown in fig. 3 will be described.
The optical splitter delay module 100 receives an input optical signal and splits the input optical signal into N optical signals, which may be referred to as an optical signal a1, an optical signal b1, an optical signal c1, \ 8230 \ 8230;, and an optical signal N1 (here, for example only, N is a positive integer not less than 2). Illustratively, the light intensity of the N optical signals may be the same, i.e. the light intensity of the optical signal a1 = that of the optical signal b1 light intensity = \8230: = \8230 = light intensity of optical signal N1. As another example, the light intensity of each optical signal may also be different, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application and will be described below. Then, the optical splitting delay module 100 outputs the N optical signals to the intensity modulation module 101 after delaying the N optical signals by different degrees.
The intensity modulation module 101 receives the N optical signals and modulates the intensity of each optical signal by using the corresponding intensity modulation coefficient, respectively, to obtain N modulated optical signals, for example, the N modulated optical signals may be referred to as an optical signal a2, an optical signal b2, an optical signal c2, \8230;, and an optical signal N2 (here, by way of example, in reality, N is a positive integer not less than 2). For convenience of description, an optical signal obtained by modulating the optical signal a1 is referred to as an optical signal a2; the optical signal resulting from modulating the optical signal b1 is referred to as optical signal b2, and so on. The above operation can realize the multiplication operation of each optical signal in the optical equalization formula. The N modulated optical signals are then input to the beam combining module 102.
The beam combining module 102 may receive the N modulated optical signals, and combine m optical signals into one optical signal (e.g., a first optical signal), such as the optical signal a2, the optical signal c2, \ 8230; the remaining N-m optical signals are combined into another optical signal (e.g., a second optical signal), such as b2, \ 8230, and N2 into a second optical signal. The above operation can realize the multiplication and addition operation of each optical signal in the optical equalization formula. Then, the beam combining module 102 inputs the first optical signal and the second optical signal to the detection module 103.
The detection module 103 may receive the first optical signal and the second optical signal, and obtain an equalized signal based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, where the equalized signal is an electrical signal. Illustratively, the detection module 103 may receive the first optical signal, detect an intensity of the first optical signal (may be referred to as a first optical intensity), and convert the first optical intensity into an electrical signal (may be referred to as a first electrical signal). And receiving the second optical signal, detecting the intensity of the second optical signal (which may be referred to as a second optical intensity), and converting the second optical intensity into an electrical signal (which may be referred to as a second electrical signal). Then, the detection module 103 subtracts the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal to obtain an equalized signal, which is an electrical signal. This operation can realize the subtraction operation when the modulation factor is negative in the above-described optical equalization equation.
The detection module 103 in the present application implements the same effect of performing phase modulation on the optical signal in the optical domain by performing subtraction operation in the optical equalization process in the electrical domain, and the optical equalization apparatus in the embodiment of the present application does not need to modulate the phase of the optical signal, thereby reducing the complexity of a single tap, and also simplifying the structure of the optical equalization apparatus.
In the foregoing description, a signal transmission process in the optical equalization apparatus is described, and the following describes in detail a signal processing manner of each component in the optical equalization apparatus:
1. a spectral delay module 100;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectral delay module 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the optical splitting delay module 100 includes an optical splitting module 1001 and a delay module 1002.
The optical splitter module 1001 may receive an input optical signal through a transmission medium such as an optical fiber, where the input optical signal may be transmitted by a transmission device and split the input optical signal into N optical signals (e.g., an optical signal a1, an optical signal b1, \ 8230; and an optical signal N1). Illustratively, the optical splitting module 1001 may include one or more beam splitters, for example, to split an input optical signal into 2 optical signals, i.e., N =2, the optical splitting module 1001 may be a one-to-two (or referred to as 1 × 2) beam splitter. For another example, N =3, the splitting module 1001 may be a one-to-three splitter. Of course, if the value of N is large, the difficulty in constructing the beam splitter for one N is large, and a plurality of relatively simple beam splitters can be used to achieve the effect of one N. For example, when N =5, 4-to-two beam splitters may be used for implementation, as shown in fig. 6. Or, a one-to-three splitter and two-to-two splitters may also be used, and the like, and the structure and the number of the splitters are not limited in the embodiment of the present application, any module capable of generating N optical signals is suitable for the embodiment of the present application, and the splitters are also examples, and the structure of the optical splitting module is not limited in the present application.
Taking a one-to-two beam splitter as an example, specifically, the one-to-two beam splitter may split an input light into two output lights, where a ratio of light intensities of the two output lights may be referred to as a splitting ratio. For example, a two-in-one beam splitter includes an input end for receiving one input light beam, and two output ends for outputting two output light beams, and if the apertures of the two output ends are the same, the light intensities of the two output light beams are the same, that is, the splitting ratio is 1. In the embodiment of the present application, in order to realize that the light intensities of the N optical signals are the same, in an implementable manner, with reference to fig. 6, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter 1 is 1/4, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter 2 is 1/3, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter 3 is 1/2, and the splitting ratio of the beam splitter 4 is 1/1. Specifically, the beam splitter 1 receives an input optical signal, and a splitting ratio of the beam splitter 1 is 1/4, for example, a ratio of light intensity of output 1 to light intensity of output 2 of the beam splitter 1 is 1/4. The output 2 of the beam splitter 1 is connected to the input of the beam splitter 2, that is, 4/5 of the input optical signal is input to the beam splitter 2, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter 2 is 1/3, for example, the ratio of the light intensities of the output 1 and the output 2 of the beam splitter 2 may be 1/3. Similarly, the output 2 of the beam splitter 2 is connected with the input of the fractioner 3, the ratio of the light intensities of the output 1 and the output 2 of the beam splitter 3 can be 1/2, and so on, until 5 optical signals with equal light intensity are obtained, and the light intensity is 1/5 of the input optical signal. If other types of beam splitters are used, the implementation principle is the same, and details are not described here. Of course, here, it is taken as an example that the light intensities of the N split optical signals are the same, and if the light intensities of the N split optical signals are different, the splitting ratio of each beam splitter may be controlled to implement, and the implementation principle is similar, which is not described herein again.
The delay module 1002 receives the N optical signals sent by the optical splitting module 1001, and controls the N optical signals to have different delays. Illustratively, the delay may be realized by a delay line, for example, the delay line is a spiral waveguide (spiral waveguide), which may be understood as a fiber wound around to extend a transmission path of an optical signal, thereby realizing the delay. With continued reference to fig. 6, the N optical signals generated by the optical splitting module 1001 are transmitted independently via N optical fibers, that is, one optical signal is transmitted by one optical fiber. An optical fiber may include a spiral waveguide, and the winding length of the spiral waveguide may be set according to the corresponding delay time. Of course, since the transmission of the optical signal is itself a delay, it is not necessary that all optical fibers are provided with a helical waveguide. It should be noted that the above-mentioned spiral waveguide is only an example, and the structure of the delay module 1002 is not limited in this embodiment, and any module capable of delaying an optical signal is suitable for this embodiment.
In the embodiment of the present application, because optical equalization is performed, for example, to collect a plurality of continuous symbols or a plurality of equally spaced symbols, a delay time of each optical signal may be different, for example, a delay time of each first optical signal may be a time of sequentially delaying and transmitting 1 symbol, for example, optical signal b1 is delayed by one symbol than optical signal a1, optical signal c1 is delayed by one symbol than optical signal b1, and so on, so that a plurality of continuous symbols may be obtained at the same time. For another example, if the sampling interval is 1 symbol, that is, the interval between the collected symbols is 1 symbol, the delay time of each optical signal may be a time for sequentially delaying and transmitting 2 symbols. By analogy, it is needless to say that the delay time may be set by taking other time units as the granularity, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
2. An intensity modulation module 101;
in this embodiment, the intensity modulation module may include a plurality of intensity modulators, and each intensity modulator may receive one optical signal and modulate the received optical signal.
Referring to fig. 7, an input optical signal is given as an input signal x (N), if the delay time of each path of the first optical signal is delayed by 1 symbol in sequence, after the input signal x (N) passes through the optical splitting module 1001 and each delay module 1002 in fig. 6, signals when the N optical signals reach the intensity modulation module 101 are x (N), x (N-1), x (N-2), x (N-3), and x (N-4) \8230intime domain sequence. x (n) is the last symbol of x (n-1), x (n-1) is the last symbol of x (n-2), x (n-2) is the last symbol of x (n-3), and so on.
Each intensity modulator receives and modulates a light signal, as shown in FIG. 7, the N intensity modulators receive x (N), x (N-1), x (N-2), x (N-3), and x (N-4) \ 8230, and the signals are multiplied by corresponding intensity modulation coefficients W 0 、W 1 、W 2 、W 3 、W 4 8230to obtain W 0 x(n)、W 1 x(n-1)、W 2 x(n-2)、W 3 x(n-3)、W 4 x(n-4)…。
Taking the range of the intensity modulation factor as 0-1 as an example, the intensity of the modulated optical signal can approach 0 or approach the intensity of the input optical signal itself.
The intensity modulator in this application may also be formed of a light-absorbing material, where light absorption refers to a physical process in which light (electromagnetic radiation) passes through a material, interacts with the material, and the electromagnetic radiation energy is partially converted into other energy forms. It will be appreciated that the more light that is absorbed, the lower the intensity of the light that passes through. In an extreme case, if the input light is completely absorbed by the material, it also means that the light intensity of the output light is 0, and the corresponding intensity modulation factor is 0; if the input light is not absorbed by the material at all, the light intensity of the output light approaches the light intensity of the input light itself, and the corresponding intensity modulation coefficient is 1. The user may control the intensity modulation factor by varying the absorption factor of the material, different types or configurations of material may have different absorption factors, or the same material may have different absorption factors under different physical parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.).
Further illustratively, the intensity modulator in the present application may be an Electro Absorption Modulator (EAM), which is a semiconductor device that controls (modulates) the intensity of a laser beam by applying a voltage (see optical modulator). Its working principle is the Franz-Keldysh effect, i.e. an applied electric field causes a change in the absorption spectrum and then a change in the band gap energy (photon energy at the absorption edge).
It is noted that the intensity modulation factor of the electro-absorption modulator, which refers to the proportion of the signal that is attenuated, may vary with the operating voltage applied to the electro-absorption modulator. In addition, the EAM is insensitive to the polarization characteristics of the input optical signal, i.e., input light of any polarization direction may be active.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned intensity modulator is only an example, and for example, the intensity modulator in the embodiment of the present application may also be a device with a structure similar to a beam splitter, for example, only half of light passes through, so that the light intensity becomes 0.5 of the input light, and the corresponding intensity modulation coefficient is 0.5. In addition, the intensity modulation factor for each optical signal is not limited in this embodiment, and may be completely the same, or not completely the same, or completely different, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In an implementable manner, in the embodiment of the present application, the intensity modulation factor of each modulator may be a fixed value, that is, the intensity modulation factor is not modified any more during use. In another implementation, the intensity modulation factor may be varied, for example, by the receiver and control module 104 adjusting the intensity modulation factor of one or more intensity modulators.
3. A beam combining module 102;
illustratively, with continued reference to fig. 8, in the present application, the beam combining module 102 includes a first beam combiner (or coupler) 1021 and a second beam combiner 1022.
For ease of understanding, it is assumed that the aforementioned N intensity modulators are divided into two groups, such as a first group of intensity modulators including at least one (e.g., m) intensity modulator and a second group of intensity modulators including at least one (e.g., N-m) intensity modulator, where m is a positive integer no greater than N.
The first beam combiner is respectively connected with the first group of intensity modulators and is used for respectively receiving the m optical signals output by the first group of intensity modulators and combining the received m optical signals into one path of first optical signal. The second beam combiner is respectively connected with the second group of intensity modulators and is used for respectively receiving the N-m optical signals output by the second group of intensity modulators and synthesizing the received N-m optical signals into one path of second optical signal.
Specifically, the beam combiner combines the received multiple input optical signals into one output optical signal, and the intensity of the output optical signal is equal to the sum of the light intensities of the received multiple input optical signals. In effect, the first beam combiner 1021 may add the light intensities of the m optical signals to obtain the first optical signal = W a1 x(n-a 1 )+W a2 x(n-a 2 )+W a3 x(n-a 3 ) 8230; the second combiner 1022 may add the N-m second optical signals to obtain the second optical signal = W a4 x(n-a 4 )+W a5 x(n-a 5 ) 8230and its preparation method. Wherein a1, a2 and 8230, and integer constants are preset. Exemplarily, referring to fig. 9, a1 may be 0, a2=2, a3=4, a4=1, a5=3, that is, the first optical signal = W 0 x(n)+W 2 x(n-2)+W 4 x (n-4) + \8230; second optical signal = W 1 x(n-1)+W 3 x (n-3) + \8230. As described above, the beam combiner combines the optical signals into one path, which is determined by the connection arrangement of the physical devices, and which path of intensity modulator is connected to which beam combiner receives the optical signals of which path, and then combines the received optical signals.
4. A detection module 103;
illustratively, with continued reference to fig. 8, the detection module 103 includes a first detector 1031 and a second detector 1032.
The first detector 1031 is connected to the first beam combiner 1021, and is capable of receiving the first optical signal sent by the first beam combiner 1021, detecting a first light intensity of the first optical signal, and converting the first light intensity into a first electrical signal.
The second detector 1032 is connected to the second beam combiner 1022, and may receive the second optical signal sent by the second beam combiner 1022, detect a second light intensity of the second optical signal, and convert the second light intensity into a second electrical signal.
The equalized signal is the difference between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal: w a1 x(n-a 1 )+W a2 x(n-a 2 )+W a3 x(n-a 3 )-W a4 x(n-a 4 )- a5 x(n-a 5 )…。
5. A receiving and control module 104;
the receiving and control module 104 is configured to receive the equalized signal, and optionally, adjust an intensity modulation coefficient of each intensity modulator according to the equalized signal, as shown in fig. 8.
The following describes the optical equalizing apparatus in the embodiments of the present application with reference to specific embodiments. For convenience of description, hereinafter, in terms of the relationship between the subtrahend and the subtrahend in the subtraction operation performed by the detection module 103, the module to which the optical signals constituting the subtrahend are related is referred to as a negative coefficient module, and the module to which the optical signals constituting the subtrahend are related is referred to as a positive coefficient module. For example, a positive coefficient modulator, a negative coefficient modulator; a positive coefficient beam combining module, a negative coefficient beam combining module and the like; a positive detector and a negative detector.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an optical equalizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In fig. 10, description will be made assuming that N =5, that is, an input optical signal is divided into 5 optical signals as an example.
As shown in fig. 10, an input optical signal x (n) is input to a splitter through an optical fiber (fiber input), and the splitter splits the input optical signal into 5 optical signals, i.e., an optical signal a1, an optical signal a2, an optical signal a3, an optical signal a4, and an optical signal a5. Each optical signal enters different optical paths, and the plurality of optical signals are controlled by the delay line to generate different delays and then output to corresponding positive coefficient intensity modulator modules (for example, W in fig. 10) 0 、W 2 、W 4 ) Or negative coefficient intensity modulator module (e.g., W in FIG. 10) 1 、W 3 )。
Specifically, assume that:
optical signal a1 passes through W from fiber input port 0 Modulator to PD 1 Has a delay time of T 0 ；
Optical signal b1 passes through W from fiber input port 1 Modulator to PD 2 Has a delay time of T 1 ；
Optical signal c1 passes through W from fiber input port 2 Modulator to PD 1 Has a delay time of T 2 ；
Optical signal d1 passes through W from fiber input port 3 Modulator to PD 2 Has a delay time of T 3 ；
Optical signal e1 passes through W from fiber input port 4 Modulator to PD 1 Has a delay time of T 4 。
If each path of first optical signal is given to be delayed by one symbol in sequence, then:
in the above equation, f is the baud rate.
The baud rate is: in an information transmission channel, a signal unit carrying data information is called a symbol, the number of symbols transmitted through the channel per second is called a symbol transmission rate, which is referred to as a Baud rate for short, and the unit of the Baud rate is Baud (symbol/s), and the Baud rate is an index of a transmission channel bandwidth.
For example, if f =10000 symbols/sec, then 1/f is the time taken to transmit one symbol, then the above expression means T 1 And T 0 Differing by the time of transmission of one symbol, T 2 And T 1 Differing by the time of transmission of one symbol, T 3 And T 2 Differing by the time of transmission of one symbol, and so on. The delay time is only an example, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
For any intensity modulator in the positive coefficient intensity modulator and the negative coefficient intensity modulator, after receiving the optical signal, the light intensity of the optical signal is modulated based on the set intensity modulation coefficient, and a modulated optical signal is obtained. Then, the positive coefficient intensity modulator outputs the optical signal to the positive coefficient combiner (e.g., combiner 1 in fig. 10), and the negative coefficient intensity modulator outputs the optical signal to the negative coefficient combiner (e.g., combiner 2 in fig. 10).
The beam combiner 1 receives the optical signals output from one or more positive coefficient intensity modulators, respectively, and combines the received one or more optical signals into a first optical signal. Similarly, the beam combiner 2 receives the optical signals output from the one or more negative coefficient intensity modulators, respectively, and combines the received one or more optical signals into a second optical signal.
In FIG. 10, W 0 、W 2 、W 4 The respective optical signals are output to the beam combiner 1, and the beam combiner 1 combines the optical signal a2, the optical signal c2, and the optical signal e2 into a first optical signal. W 1 、W 3 The respective optical signals are output to the beam combiner 1, and the beam combiner 1 combines the optical signal b2 and the optical signal c2 into a second optical signal. Respectively obtaining:
first optical signal = W 0 x(n-0)+W 2 x(n-2)+W 4 x(n-4) (2)
Second optical signal = W 1 x(n-1)+W 3 x(n-3) (3)
Then, the positive coefficient combiner (combiner 1) outputs the first optical signal to the positive coefficient detector (e.g., PD1 in fig. 10), and the negative coefficient combiner (combiner 2) outputs the second optical signal to the negative coefficient detector (e.g., PD2 in fig. 10). Correspondingly, PD1 receives the first optical signal from the combiner 1, and PD2 receives the second optical signal from the combiner 2. The following describes the processing flow of the optical signal in the detector by taking a detector as an example.
Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present application, the detector may be a three-interface photodiode, the three interfaces include an optical interface for receiving optical signals (incident light) and two electrical interfaces, which may also be referred to as a cathode and an anode. Specifically, the photodiode operates under the action of reverse voltage, and when no light is emitted, reverse current is extremely weak, which is called dark current; in the presence of light, the reverse current rapidly increases to tens of microamperes, referred to as photocurrent. The greater the intensity of the light, the greater the reverse current. The change of the intensity of the incident light causes the current in the photodiode to change, which can convert the intensity of the optical signal into an electrical signal, i.e., the PD1 converts the first optical signal into the first electrical signal (e.g., I in FIG. 10) based on the above-mentioned principle 1 ) Similarly, the PD2 converts the second optical signal into a second electrical signal (I in fig. 10) 2 ). Namely:
I1＝W 0 x(n-0)+W 2 x(n-2)+W 4 x(n-4)
I2＝W 1 x(n-1)+W 3 x(n-3)
continuing with FIG. 10, to implement I 1 And I 2 By subtracting, the cathode of the PD1 may be connected to the high voltage signal source, the anode of the PD1 is connected to the first node, the cathode of the PD2 is also connected to the first node, the anode of the PD2 is connected to the low voltage signal source, and the input terminal of the receiving control module 104 is also connected to the first node. Thus, I 1 Shunted at the first node, with a portion flowing to PD2 (I) 2 ) And the other part flows to the reception control module 104 (Δ I).
ΔI＝I1-I2＝W 0 x(n-0)-W 1 x(n-1)+W 2 x(n-2)-W 3 x(n-3)+W 4 x(n-4) (4)
Thus, electric domain subtraction is realized to obtain signals after equalization processing.
Optionally, the receiving and controlling module 104 receives the equalized signal (Δ I), for example, the receiving and controlling module 104 includes an electrical receiving module 1041 and a controlling module 1042, as shown in fig. 10, the electrical receiving module 1041 may include a TIA amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a decision circuit, and the like; after receiving the Δ I, the electric receiving module 1041 amplifies the Δ I through the TIA amplifier, and then performs analog-to-digital conversion, because the Δ I is a current value and belongs to an analog quantity, the ADC may convert the analog quantity into a digital quantity, and then converts the digital quantity into binary value data that can be recognized by a machine through the decision circuit. For example, the value of the digital quantity is 1 if it exceeds a predetermined value, and is 0 if it does not exceed the predetermined value.
The control module 1042 may include a coefficient loading module, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), etc., and it should be understood that fig. 10 is only an example, and the present application does not limit the structure and implementation of any module. The coefficient loading module determines the modulation coefficient of each EAM and controls the DAC to output a corresponding voltage signal, so that the intensity modulation coefficient of each EAM is controlled. The adjustment of the intensity modulation factor can be realized in the electrical domain to adapt to various application scenarios.
It should be noted that, the foregoing fig. 10 is only an example, the optical equalizing apparatus in the embodiment of the present application may have more or fewer modules than fig. 10, for example, in a case that the modulation factor is fixed, a beam splitter may be used to set a specific splitting ratio, and several optical signals with a fixed light intensity ratio are implemented, which is equivalent to implementing a multiplication operation that each tap has a fixed intensity modulation factor, that is, the intensity modulation effect of the EAM in the foregoing fig. 10 is achieved, so that multiple EAMs may no longer be additionally deployed, and the device and cost overhead are saved.
The optical equalization equipment of the embodiment of the application does not need to perform phase modulation on optical signals, reduces the complexity of optical domain operation, and simplifies the complexity of a single tap. Because the optical equalization equipment in the application does not need a phase modulator (the phase modulators are all polarization sensitive type), an EAM insensitive to the polarization characteristic of input light can be used, and meanwhile, an additional polarization modulation device is not required to be added into the optical equalization equipment, so that the device overhead is saved, the structure is simpler, furthermore, because the EAM does not need to be driven by a high-speed modulation signal, most of the power consumption of the EAM is static power consumption, and the power consumption is reduced compared with the traditional modulation mode.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving device provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the receiving device 1100 includes an optical equalizing device 1101 and a processor 1102. The processor 1102 and the optical equalization device 1101 may be connected via a standard host interface or a network interface (network interface), etc. For example, the host interface may include a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIE) receiver, and the processor 1102 may obtain an output signal of the optical equalization device and process the output signal of the optical equalization device 1101, such as at least one of: decoding, clock recovery, etc. The optical equalizing device 1101 may be any one of the optical equalizing devices shown in the embodiments in fig. 3 to fig. 10, and details thereof are not repeated here.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (13)
1. An optical equalizing apparatus, comprising:
the intensity modulation module is used for receiving a first group of optical signals and respectively modulating the intensities of a plurality of optical signals in the first group of optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals;
a combining module, configured to receive the second group of optical signals, combine a first part of the second group of optical signals into a first optical signal, and combine a second part of the second group of optical signals into a second optical signal;
and the detection module is used for obtaining an equalized signal based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, wherein the equalized signal is an electrical signal.
2. The optical equalizing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an optical splitting delay module, configured to receive an input optical signal and obtain the plurality of optical signals in the first set of optical signals based on the input optical signal.
3. The optical equalizing device of claim 2, wherein said optical splitting delay module comprises:
the optical splitting module is used for receiving an input optical signal and splitting the input optical signal into a plurality of optical signals;
and a plurality of delay modules, configured to receive the plurality of optical signals obtained by the optical splitting module, respectively, and delay and send the plurality of optical signals to the intensity modulation module, where a plurality of optical signals in the first group of optical signals include the plurality of delayed optical signals.
4. The optical equalization apparatus of claim 3, wherein said optical splitting module comprises at least one 1 x N beam splitter, where N is the number of light split by each beam splitter.
5. The optical equalizing device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the plurality of delay modules comprises a plurality of spiral waveguides.
6. The optical equalizing device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the intensity modulating module comprises:
and the plurality of intensity modulators are used for carrying out light intensity modulation on the first group of optical signals based on the set weight value to obtain the second group of optical signals.
7. The optical equalizing device of claim 6, wherein the beam combining module comprises:
a first beam combiner, respectively connected to a first group of intensity modulators among the plurality of intensity modulators, for combining the first part of optical signals output by the first group of intensity modulators into the first optical signal; the first set of intensity modulators comprises at least one intensity modulator;
a second beam combiner, respectively connected to a second group of modulators in the plurality of intensity modulators, for combining the second part of optical signals output by the second group of intensity modulators into the second optical signals; the second set of intensity modulators includes at least one intensity modulator.
8. The optical equalizing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the detection module comprises:
the first detector is used for receiving the first optical signal, detecting first light intensity of the first optical signal and converting the first light intensity into a first electric signal;
the second detector is used for receiving the second optical signal, detecting second light intensity of the second optical signal and converting the second light intensity into a second electric signal;
wherein the equalized signal is obtained from a difference of the second electrical signal of the first electrical signal.
9. The optical equalizing device of claim 8, wherein a first terminal of said first detector is coupled to a first input voltage and a second terminal of said first detector is coupled to a first terminal of said second detector; the third end of the first detector is connected with the output end of the first beam combiner and used for receiving the first optical signal;
a second end of the second detector is connected with a second input voltage, and a third end of the second detector is connected with an output end of the second beam combiner and used for receiving the second optical signal;
the first input voltage is higher than the second input voltage, and the second end of the first detector and the first end of the second detector are connected with the output end of the detection module.
10. The optical equalizing device of claim 9, wherein said first detector comprises a first photodiode, said second detector comprises a second photodiode, said first end of said first detector comprises a cathode of said first photodiode, said second end of said first detector comprises an anode of said first photodiode, said first end of said second detector comprises a cathode of said second photodiode, and said second end of said second detector comprises an anode of said second photodiode.
11. The optical equalizing apparatus of any one of claims 1-10, further comprising:
and the control module is connected with the detection module and used for adjusting the plurality of intensity modulators in the intensity modulation module according to the equalized signals.
12. A receiving device comprising a processor and an optical equalization device according to any of claims 1-11 coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to decode the equalized signal output by the optical equalization device.
13. A communication system comprising a transmitting device and an optical equalizing device according to any one of claims 1-11 coupled to the processor, wherein the transmitting device is configured to transmit an input optical signal to the optical equalizing device, and wherein the first set of signals is derived from the input optical signal.
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| CN116260521A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-13 | 之江实验室 | Optical domain signal equalization apparatus and method thereof |
| WO2024131747A1 (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical equalizer, optical module, optical chip, and optical communication device |
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| WO2024131747A1 (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical equalizer, optical module, optical chip, and optical communication device |
| CN116260521A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-13 | 之江实验室 | Optical domain signal equalization apparatus and method thereof |
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