CN115412020B - Plate surface defrosting system for solar photovoltaic plate - Google Patents
Plate surface defrosting system for solar photovoltaic plate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/73—Deblurring; Sharpening
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- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
- G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plate surface defrosting system for a solar photovoltaic plate, which comprises a data acquisition end, a judging module, a data analysis module and a defrosting module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of panel defrosting for photovoltaic panels, in particular to a panel defrosting system for a solar photovoltaic panel.
Background
The utility model provides a face defrosting system for solar photovoltaic board, solves solar photovoltaic board behind frosting, to the clear problem of frost, so clear away the frost on the solar photovoltaic board, because if not in time clear can cause serious influence to the generated energy, and then cause serious economic loss to the power station.
In the prior art, most of plate surface defrosting systems for solar photovoltaic plates are defrosted by an indirect method, the defrosting time is set to be a fixed value, the change of the ambient temperature and the humidity cannot be considered, if the condensing speed of the frost is too high in the set time, the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate is frosted again, no effect is caused in the previous defrosting, resources are wasted, and the invention provides a solution for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plate surface defrosting system for a solar photovoltaic plate, which solves the problems that in the prior art, defrosting time is set to be a fixed value, the change of environmental temperature and humidity cannot be considered, and if the condensation speed of frost is too high in the set time, the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate frosts again, so that the previous defrosting has no effect and resources are wasted.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
A panel defrost system for a solar photovoltaic panel comprising:
the data acquisition end comprises a camera module, a temperature and humidity sampling module, a light intensity acquisition module and a database;
The image pickup module is used for carrying out image shooting with seconds as a unit on the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate in a certain area; the temperature and humidity sampling module is used for collecting the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the current camera module shoots images; the light intensity acquisition module acquires the illumination intensity of the current camera module for image shooting; the database is used for storing data acquired by the camera module, the temperature and humidity sampling module and the light intensity acquisition module;
The judging module comprises a frosting judging unit and a defrosting judging unit, wherein the frosting judging unit is used for judging frosting of the solar photovoltaic panel surface at the current moment to generate frosting data;
The data analysis module is used for analyzing the frosting data to obtain an average value delta aver of frosting rate, and average values alpha aver, beta aver and theta aver of influence coefficients of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity on the frosting rate;
The defrosting judging unit is used for carrying out defrosting judgment on the solar photovoltaic panel surface at the current moment, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
s31: the defrosting judging unit acquires temperature data W, temperature data H and illumination intensity data I at the moment of shooting an image currently;
S32: calculating and obtaining a defrosting value T at the current moment by using a formula T= (W×alpha aver +H×beta aver +I×theta aver) ×delta aver, wherein the defrosting value T is a judging value for defrosting judgment of a defrosting module on the panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel;
S321: if T > is preset to T1, the defrosting judging unit generates a defrosting judging instruction and transmits the defrosting judging instruction to the defrosting module, the defrosting module is used for defrosting the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate, and the defrosting module is used for removing frost on the solar photovoltaic plate after receiving the defrosting instruction transmitted by the defrosting judging unit;
if T is less than or equal to preset T1, the defrosting judging unit judges that the defrosting is not easy to remove at the current moment.
Further, the frosting decision unit generates frosting data, and the steps are as follows:
s21: the image processing unit is used for carrying out filtering, sharpening and gray processing on the image data shot by the monitoring camera unit and obtaining a total pixel value N of the processed image data;
s22: the image processing unit identifies the actual gray values Xi of each pixel point of the processed image data, and the set of gray values is
S23: calculating and obtaining the area occupation ratio S of the frosting area;
S24: if S >0, judging that frosting exists on the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate at the current shooting moment, and generating a frosting data query instruction according to the image data of S >0 by the frosting judging unit and transmitting the frosting data query instruction to a database; after receiving the frosting data inquiry command transmitted by the frosting judging unit, the database inquires the image shooting time, the temperature and humidity data, the illumination intensity data and the frosting area occupation ratio S of the image data of which the number is more than 0 in the database, generates frosting data and transmits the frosting data to the data analysis module.
Further, the area ratio S of the frosting area is calculated and obtained as follows:
s231: creating a variable a=0 with a data type of integer;
s232: selecting a pixel point of the processed image data, and determining the actual gray value of the pixel point A, comparing the size with a preset frosting gray level threshold value X:
If Xa is more than or equal to X, judging the pixel point as a frosting point, and adding 1 to the variable A at the moment, namely A=1;
If Xa < X, the pixel point is judged to be a non-frosting point, and the variable A does not perform any operation at the moment;
S233: according to the step S232, each pixel point of the processed image data is sequentially selected, and the actual gray value of each pixel point is compared with a preset frosting gray threshold value X to obtain a final integer A=n, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
S234: the area ratio S of the frosting zone where the image data is acquired is calculated using the formula s=n/N.
Further, the area ratio S of the frosting area is obtained by the following steps:
s231: creating a variable a=0 with a data type of integer;
s232: selecting a pixel point of the processed image data, and determining the actual gray value of the pixel point A, comparing the size with a preset frosting gray level threshold value X:
If Xa is more than or equal to X, judging the pixel point as a frosting point, and adding 1 to the variable A at the moment, namely A=1;
If Xa < X, the pixel point is judged to be a non-frosting point, and the variable A does not perform any operation at the moment;
S233: according to the step S232, each pixel point of the processed image data is sequentially selected, and the actual gray value of each pixel point is compared with a preset frosting gray threshold value X to obtain a final integer A=n, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
S234: the area ratio S of the frosting zone where the image data is acquired is calculated using the formula s=n/N.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, whether frosting and whether defrosting are carried out on the solar photovoltaic panel surface are judged by arranging the frosting judging unit and the defrosting judging unit, the average value of the frosting rate is obtained by measuring and calculating the area occupation ratio of the frosting area on the solar photovoltaic panel surface shot by the shooting module through the image processing unit, and the time of frosting again at the current moment is obtained by judging the temperature and humidity data and the illumination intensity data at the current moment through the defrosting judging unit, so that the situation of low defrosting efficiency caused by frosting again within a certain time after defrosting is avoided, and the resources of time and material resources are saved, and the situation of resource waste is avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the panel defrosting system for a solar photovoltaic panel includes: the device comprises a data acquisition end, a judging module, a data analysis module and a defrosting module.
The data acquisition end is used for acquiring data, and comprises a camera module, a temperature and humidity sampling module, a light intensity acquisition module and a database.
The camera module is used for recording images of the plate surfaces of the solar photovoltaic plates, the camera module comprises a plurality of monitoring camera units, the monitoring camera units are used for shooting images of the plate surfaces of the solar photovoltaic plates in a certain area in a second unit and generating image data, and the camera module transmits the image data to the database.
The temperature and humidity sampling module comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor collects the ambient temperature and humidity of the current camera module for image shooting and generates temperature and humidity data, and the temperature and humidity sampling module transmits the temperature and humidity data to the database.
The light intensity acquisition module comprises an illumination intensity sensor, the light intensity sensor is used for acquiring the illumination intensity of the current camera module for image shooting and generating illumination intensity data, and the light intensity acquisition module transmits the illumination intensity data to the database.
The database is used for storing data transmitted by the camera module, the temperature and humidity sampling module and the light intensity collecting module, and the specific storage rules are as follows:
S11: the database takes the time of image shooting as a main key, and takes the time of image shooting, image data, temperature and humidity data and illumination intensity data as storage fields;
S12: storing the time of shooting the image in an image shooting time field; storing image data corresponding to the image shooting time in an image data field; the temperature and humidity data field stores temperature and humidity data under the current image shooting time; the illumination intensity field stores illumination intensity data at the current image capturing time.
The judging module comprises a frosting judging unit and a defrosting judging unit, the frosting judging unit comprises an image processor, and the frosting judging unit is used for judging whether the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate frosts or not, and the judging steps are as follows:
S21: the image processing unit is used for carrying out filtering, sharpening and gray processing on the image data shot by the monitoring camera unit and obtaining a total pixel value N of the processed image data; in one embodiment of the invention, the pixels of the image are 1920px x 1080px;
s22: the image processing unit identifies the actual gray values Xi of each pixel point of the processed image data, and the set of gray values is
S23: calculating and obtaining the area occupation ratio S of the frosting area, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
s231: creating a variable a=0 with a data type of integer;
S232: selecting a pixel point of the processed image data, and comparing the actual gray value Xa of the pixel point with a preset frosting gray threshold value X:
If Xa is more than or equal to X, judging the pixel point as a frosting point, and adding 1 to the variable A at the moment, namely A=1;
If Xa < X, the pixel point is judged to be a non-frosting point, and the variable A does not perform any operation at the moment;
S233: according to the step S232, each pixel point of the processed image data is sequentially selected, and the actual gray value of each pixel point is compared with a preset frosting gray threshold value X to obtain a final integer A=n, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
s234: calculating an area ratio S of a frosting area for acquiring the image data by using a formula S=n/N;
S24: if S >0, judging that frosting exists on the panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel at the current shooting moment, generating a frosting data query instruction according to the image data of S >0 by the frosting judging unit, transmitting the frosting data query instruction to a database, and inquiring the image shooting time, the temperature and humidity data, the illumination intensity data and the frosting area occupation ratio S of the image data of S >0 in the database after the database receives the frosting data query instruction transmitted by the frosting judging unit, and transmitting the frosting data to a data analysis module;
otherwise, the fact that frosting does not exist on the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate at the current shooting moment is indicated.
The defrosting judging unit is used for judging whether the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate is defrosted at the current moment or not, and comprises the following steps:
s31: the defrosting judging unit acquires temperature data W, temperature data H and illumination intensity data I at the moment of shooting an image currently;
S32: calculating and obtaining a defrosting value T at the current moment by using a formula T= (W×alpha aver +H×beta aver +I×theta aver) ×delta aver, wherein the defrosting value T is a judging value for defrosting judgment of a defrosting module on the panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel;
s321: if T > is preset to T1, the defrosting judgment unit judges that defrosting can be performed because the defrosting is not performed in a short time after defrosting is performed at the current moment, and generates a defrosting judgment instruction and transmits the defrosting judgment instruction to the defrosting module;
if T is less than or equal to the preset T1, the fact that frost is formed again soon after defrosting is performed at the current moment is indicated, and material resources and time resources are wasted when defrosting is performed at the current moment, so that the fact that frost is not easy to remove at the current moment is judged.
The defrosting module is used for defrosting the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate, and after receiving the defrosting instruction transmitted by the defrosting judging unit, the defrosting module clears the frost on the solar photovoltaic plate.
The data analysis module is used for analyzing the frosted data, and comprises the following specific steps:
s41: dividing the time of one defrosting cycle into n defrosting segments with equal duration, and marking the n defrosting segments of one defrosting cycle as L1, L2,..Ln;
Taking a defrosting segment of a defrosting period as an example, acquiring shooting time T1 and T2 of image data of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period, wherein the occupied area ratio S1 and S2 of the Tp and the frosting area is equal to or less than 3600;
In one embodiment of the present invention, 1 defrost cycle refers to a1 defrost cycle back to the past starting from the current defrost cycle; in the embodiment of the invention, one defrosting period is 86400 seconds, and one defrosting period is 3600 seconds;
s42: acquiring the frosting rate delta of the defrosting section under the defrosting period:
s421: creating a frosting area occupancy list sl= [ S1, S2, st ];
Using a function max () method, putting the list SL into the function max () to be executed, and obtaining the maximum Smax=max (SL) in the frosting area ratio list;
Screening out image data shooting time corresponding to the area occupation ratio of the frosting area according to the maximum value Smax, and taking out time data marked as Tmin, wherein the time data is earliest in shooting time;
Using a function min () method, putting the list SL into the function min () for execution, and obtaining a minimum value Smin=min (SL) in the frosting area ratio list;
screening out image data shooting time corresponding to the area occupation ratio of the frosting area according to the minimum value Smin, and taking out time data marked as Tmax with the latest shooting time;
s422: using the formula Calculating and obtaining the defrosting rate delta 1 of the defrosting section under the defrosting period;
s43: acquiring influence coefficients alpha 1, beta 1 and theta 1 of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity of the defrosting section under the defrosting period on the frosting rate:
The data analysis module obtains a temperature data mark W1, a humidity data mark H1 and an illumination intensity data mark I1 corresponding to the moment Tmin from frosting data,
The data analysis module acquires temperature data marked as W2, humidity data marked as H2 and illumination intensity data marked as I2 corresponding to Tmax from frosting data;
Obtaining a temperature floating value Wc of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period by using a formula wc= |w1-w2|, wherein α1=wc×δ1 at this time, and α1 is an influence coefficient of the temperature of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period on the frosting rate;
Obtaining a humidity floating value Hc of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period by using a formula hc= |h1-h2|, wherein β1=wc×δ1 at this time, and β1 is an influence coefficient of humidity of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period on a frosting rate;
obtaining an illumination intensity floating value Ic of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period by using a formula ic= |I1-I2|, wherein θ1=ic×δ1 at the moment, and θ is an influence coefficient of the illumination intensity of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period on the frosting rate;
s44, acquiring the average value delta of the frosting rate of the defrosting section in t defrosting cycles, and the average values alpha, beta and theta of the influence coefficients of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity on the frosting rate:
S441: sequentially acquiring the frosting rate delta 2 and delta t of the defrosting section in the rest of the t defrosting periods according to S42;
Obtaining an average value delta of frosting rates of the defrosting sections in t defrosting periods by using a formula delta= (delta 1+ delta 2+,.+ -.), +delta t)/t;
s442: sequentially acquiring the average values alpha, beta and theta of the influence coefficients of the temperature, the humidity and the illumination intensity of the defrosting section on the frosting rate in t defrosting periods according to S43;
S45: acquiring a frosting rate average delta aver of n defrosting sections of t defrosting periods and influence coefficient averages alpha aver, beta aver and theta aver of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity on the frosting rate according to S44;
the invention is suitable for areas with small temperature change amplitude in winter.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the particular embodiments described, or in a similar manner, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
The foregoing describes one embodiment of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. Solar photovoltaic board is with face defrosting system, its characterized in that includes:
the data acquisition end comprises a camera module, a temperature and humidity sampling module, a light intensity acquisition module and a database;
The image pickup module is used for carrying out image shooting with seconds as a unit on the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate in a certain area; the temperature and humidity sampling module is used for collecting the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the current camera module shoots images; the light intensity acquisition module acquires the illumination intensity of the current camera module for image shooting; the database is used for storing data acquired by the camera module, the temperature and humidity sampling module and the light intensity acquisition module;
The judging module comprises a frosting judging unit and a defrosting judging unit, wherein the frosting judging unit is used for judging frosting of the solar photovoltaic panel surface at the current moment to generate frosting data;
The data analysis module is used for analyzing the frosting data to obtain a frosting rate average delta aver and influence coefficient averages alpha aver, beta aver and theta aver of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity on the frosting rate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41: dividing the time of one defrosting cycle into n defrosting segments with equal duration, and marking the n defrosting segments of one defrosting cycle as L1, L2,..Ln;
acquiring shooting time T1 and T2 of image data of one defrosting section in one defrosting period, wherein the occupied ratios of Tp and frosting areas S1 and S2, sp and 0<p are less than or equal to 3600;
Wherein 1 defrosting cycle refers to 1 defrosting cycle back to the past with the current defrosting cycle as the starting point; one defrost cycle of 86400 seconds and one defrost segment of 3600 seconds;
s42: acquiring the frosting rate delta of the defrosting section under the defrosting period:
s421: creating a frosting area occupancy list sl= [ S1, S2, sp ];
Using a function max () method, putting the list SL into the function max () to be executed, and obtaining the maximum Smax=max (SL) in the frosting area ratio list;
Screening out image data shooting time corresponding to the area occupation ratio of the frosting area according to the maximum value Smax, and taking out time data marked as Tmin, wherein the time data is earliest in shooting time;
Using a function min () method, putting the list SL into the function min () for execution, and obtaining a minimum value Smin=min (SL) in the frosting area ratio list;
screening out image data shooting time corresponding to the area occupation ratio of the frosting area according to the minimum value Smin, and taking out time data marked as Tmax with the latest shooting time;
S422: using the formula δ1= Calculating and obtaining the defrosting rate delta 1 of the defrosting section under the defrosting period;
s43: acquiring influence coefficients alpha 1, beta 1 and theta 1 of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity of the defrosting section under the defrosting period on the frosting rate:
The data analysis module obtains a temperature data mark W1, a humidity data mark H1 and an illumination intensity data mark I1 corresponding to the moment Tmin from frosting data,
The data analysis module acquires temperature data marked as W2, humidity data marked as H2 and illumination intensity data marked as I2 corresponding to Tmax from frosting data;
Obtaining a temperature floating value Wc of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period by using a formula wc= |w1-w2|, wherein α1=wc×δ1 at this time, and α1 is an influence coefficient of the temperature of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period on the frosting rate;
Obtaining a humidity floating value Hc of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period by using a formula hc= |h1-h2|, wherein β1=wc×δ1 at this time, and β1 is an influence coefficient of humidity of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period on a frosting rate;
obtaining an illumination intensity floating value Ic of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period by using a formula ic= |I1-I2|, wherein θ1=ic×δ1 at the moment, and θ is an influence coefficient of the illumination intensity of the defrosting segment in the defrosting period on the frosting rate;
s44, acquiring the average value delta of the frosting rate of the defrosting section in t defrosting cycles, and the average values alpha, beta and theta of the influence coefficients of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity on the frosting rate:
S441: sequentially acquiring the frosting rate delta 2 and delta t of the defrosting section in the rest of the t defrosting periods according to S42;
Obtaining an average value delta of frosting rates of the defrosting sections in t defrosting periods by using a formula delta= (delta 1+ delta 2+,.+ -.), +delta t)/t;
s442: sequentially acquiring the average values alpha, beta and theta of the influence coefficients of the temperature, the humidity and the illumination intensity of the defrosting section on the frosting rate in t defrosting periods according to S43;
S45: acquiring a frosting rate average delta aver of n defrosting sections of t defrosting periods and influence coefficient averages alpha aver, beta aver and theta aver of temperature, humidity and illumination intensity on the frosting rate according to S44;
The defrosting judging unit is used for carrying out defrosting judgment on the solar photovoltaic panel surface at the current moment, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
s31: the defrosting judging unit acquires temperature data W, humidity data H and illumination intensity data I at the moment of shooting an image currently;
S32: calculating and obtaining a defrosting value T at the current moment by using a formula T= (W×α aver +H×β aver +I×θ aver) ×δ aver, wherein the defrosting value T is a judging value for defrosting judgment of a defrosting module on the panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel:
S321: if T > is preset to T1, the defrosting judging unit generates a defrosting judging instruction and transmits the defrosting judging instruction to the defrosting module, the defrosting module is used for defrosting the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate, and the defrosting module is used for removing frost on the solar photovoltaic plate after receiving the defrosting instruction transmitted by the defrosting judging unit;
if T is less than or equal to preset T1, the defrosting judging unit judges that the defrosting is not easy to remove at the current moment.
2. The panel defrosting system for a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein the frosting decision unit generates frosting data as follows:
S21: the image processing unit is used for carrying out filtering, sharpening and gray processing on the image data shot by the monitoring camera unit and obtaining a total pixel value N of the processed image data;
S22: the image processing unit identifies the actual gray values Xi of each pixel point of the processed image data, wherein the set of gray values is G= {0,1,2, & gt, 255}, xi ⊆ G;
S23: calculating and obtaining the area occupation ratio S of the frosting area;
S24: if S >0, judging that frosting exists on the plate surface of the solar photovoltaic plate at the current shooting moment, and generating a frosting data query instruction according to the image data of S >0 by the frosting judging unit and transmitting the frosting data query instruction to a database; after receiving the frosting data inquiry command transmitted by the frosting judging unit, the database inquires the image shooting time, the temperature and humidity data, the illumination intensity data and the frosting area occupation ratio S of the image data of which the number is more than 0 in the database, generates frosting data and transmits the frosting data to the data analysis module.
3. The panel defrosting system for solar photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 2, wherein the area ratio S of the frosted area is calculated as follows:
S231: creating a variable a=0 with a data type of integer;
S232: selecting a pixel point of the processed image data, and comparing the actual gray value Xa of the pixel point with a preset frosting gray threshold value X:
if Xa is more than or equal to X, judging the pixel point as a frosting point, and adding 1 to the variable A at the moment, namely A=1;
If Xa < X, the pixel point is judged to be a non-frosting point, and the variable A does not perform any operation at the moment;
S233: according to the step S232, each pixel point of the processed image data is sequentially selected, and the actual gray value of each pixel point is compared with a preset frosting gray threshold value X to obtain a final integer A=n, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
s234: the area ratio S of the frosting zone where the image data is acquired is calculated using the formula s=n/N.
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