CN115408631A - Massive inclined data loading method based on multi-parameter rendering - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a massive oblique data loading method based on multi-parameter rendering, which comprises the following steps: constructing a hierarchical structure index based on an octree; dynamically adjusting network bandwidth variables according to the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth of the client, and controlling the quantity of the tilt tile data loaded each time in real time; dynamically adjusting layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of a camera visual hierarchy in the octree hierarchical structure index, and controlling the loading quantity of the browser to background tile data in real time; and performing memory optimization management on the tilt data loaded to the front-end browser. The remarkable effects are as follows: by introducing the variables of the actual network environment of the client and the layered rendering adjustment parameters, the traditional loading mode is optimized, so that the tile data can be loaded more accurately under the view angle of the camera, the drawing pressure of the system is reduced, and the loading and rendering efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of loading of mass oblique data, in particular to a mass oblique data loading method based on multi-parameter rendering.
Background
With the continuous construction of smart cities, three-dimensional GIS is more and more emphasized by various industries. The WEB three-dimensional GIS is sought by the GIS industry due to the characteristics of convenience in access, data fusion, cross-platform and the like. Consequently, efficient loading of three-dimensional tilt data is an important requirement in three-dimensional scenes. At present, a method for loading oblique data in a three-dimensional scene mainly converts OSGB original data into 3Dtiles data, the 3Dtiles data is mainly divided into geographic spaces in a visual region according to a grid, all hierarchies in each region range are stored in one folder, data files of different detail hierarchies are stored in the same folder, data of different geographic space ranges are stored in different folders, and different folders correspond to oblique photogrammetric data of different regions, and provide services to the outside in the form of a continuous LOD model. And the client side renders in the scene through a third party API or a mode of directly reading a file address.
Although the WEB end can complete the loading of the three-dimensional oblique data, the loading is limited by the multi-party limitations of network speed, GPU, browser memory and the like, the problems of slow data loading, unclear loaded tiles, loaded page crash and the like are easily caused, and the user experience is reduced. Although, GIS technicians perform data-level optimizations on 3D tiles, for example: the top layer is constructed, the number of layers is reduced, and the like, but the loading of massive oblique data cannot be met, and the problems of slow data loading, insufficient browser memory, unsmooth web page and the like are easy to occur.
Therefore, in the aspect of loading of massive oblique data, the traditional data hierarchy optimization mode does not meet the data requirement of the WEB side on the oblique data. A new capacity for rapidly loading massive tilt data is needed, the requirement for optimized loading of the massive tilt data by a client is met, and the use efficiency of the whole three-dimensional scene can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for loading massive tilt data based on multi-parameter rendering, which is characterized in that the actual response capability of network bandwidth and the switching capability of data of each layer are comprehensively considered, and the variables of the actual network environment of a client and the layered rendering adjustment parameters are introduced, so that the tile data can be loaded more accurately under the view angle of a camera, the drawing pressure of the system can be reduced, and the loading and rendering efficiency can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a massive inclined data loading method based on multi-parameter rendering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, constructing a hierarchical structure index based on an octree;
step 2, dynamically adjusting network bandwidth variables according to the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth of the client, and controlling the amount of the data of the inclined tiles loaded each time in real time;
step 3, dynamically adjusting layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of the camera visual hierarchy in the octree hierarchical structure index, and controlling the loading quantity of the browser to the background tile data in real time;
and 4, performing memory optimization management on the tilt data loaded to the front-end browser.
Further, the construction step of the hierarchical structure index based on octree in step 1 is as follows:
generating an LOD model for each building;
partitioning the LOD model data according to the partitioning boundary;
and continuously partitioning and compressing the data blocks to generate an overall octree.
Further, the step of controlling the loaded tilt data amount in step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, acquiring a network basic bandwidth;
2.2, calculating to obtain the current network speed according to the initial data volume of the tilt when the browser initializes the tilt data and the response time of the server;
step 2.3, initializing the value of a network bandwidth variable k according to the multiple relation between the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth;
step 2.4, when the browser sends the request data, according to the formula
Calculating to obtain a screen space error, and loading the current tile node and the child nodes thereof when the screen space error x is larger than a given maximum screen space error, wherein x is the screen space error, a is a geometric error, and d is the distance between the tile and the camera;
and 2.5, recalculating the current network speed according to the response time of corresponding data when the browser sends the request data each time, updating the value of a network bandwidth variable k, and controlling the quantity of the loaded oblique tile data in real time according to the step 2.4.
Further, the updating method of the value of the network bandwidth variable k is as follows:
k＝1*10 n (n<＝0)，
wherein n is the multiple relation between the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth, and n is unchanged if the current network speed is greater than or equal to the basic network bandwidth; if the current network speed is less than the basic network bandwidth but greater than 0.7 times the basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 1; if the current network speed is less than 0.7 times of the bandwidth of the basic network but more than 0.5 times of the bandwidth of the basic network, n is reduced by 2; and if the current network speed is less than 0.5 of the basic network bandwidth, subtracting 3 from n.
Further, the specific step of controlling the loading number of the browser to the background tile data in step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, acquiring the height change speed of a visual hierarchy under the current camera view;
step 3.2, dynamically setting the layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of the current visual hierarchy;
step 3.3, according to the set hierarchical regulation parameters and the formula
And calculating to obtain a screen space error, and loading tile data under the current level when the screen space error x is greater than a given maximum screen space error, wherein y is the screen space error, a is a geometric error, k is a network bandwidth variable corresponding to the current network speed, d is the distance between a tile and a camera, and m is a layered adjustment parameter.
Further, the manner of dynamically setting the hierarchical adjustment parameters in step 3.2 is as follows:
when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is higher than 4500 meters, the value of the layering adjustment parameter is 1.25; when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is 3000 m to 4500 m, the value of the layering adjustment parameter is 1.50; when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is 1500 m to 3000 m, the value of the hierarchical adjustment parameter is 1.75; and when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is less than 1500 m, the value of the hierarchical adjustment parameter is 2.0.
Further, the memory optimization management comprises the following steps:
4.1, the browser performs priority sequencing on the tile data according to the distance between the tile data and the camera viewpoint, wherein the closer the tile data is, the higher the tile data is in the sequence in the loading queue; farther away, sort back;
step 4.2, the browser enters the loaded tile data into the tail part of the cache queue along with the change of the view angle range of the camera, and records the metadata information of the tile data in the local storage of the browser;
and 4.3, when the tile data in the queue is greater than the maximum memory threshold of the browser, dynamically clearing the data at the tail part of the cache queue according to the metadata information.
On the basis, based on the actual response capability of network bandwidth and the switching capability of data of each level, the invention introduces the variable of the actual network environment of the client and the layered rendering adjustment parameter, is more accurate when judging whether the current tile meets the loading condition and when the data is layered rendering adjusted, and ensures that the system can smoothly transit from the coarse to the fine loading problem; meanwhile, the network environment of actual loading of the client is fully considered, and the traditional loading mode is optimized, so that the tile data can be loaded more accurately under the camera view angle, the drawing pressure of the system is reduced, and the loading and rendering efficiency is improved.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
1) Compared with the traditional inclined data quadtree slicing mode, the octree slicing mode is adopted, so that the data storage is simple and the calling is more flexible; and moreover, based on the data storage characteristics of the octree, the retrieval capacity is greatly improved, and the memory overhead of the server is reduced.
2) Compared with the traditional data loading mode, the method has the advantages that by introducing the network environment bandwidth, when the system calls tile data, the number of tiles requested in real time is different according to different network environments, the network environment actually loaded by the client is fully considered, the traditional loading mode is optimized, the network bandwidth pressure is reduced, the card pause feeling of data browsing of a user is reduced, the drawing pressure of the system is reduced, the loading and rendering efficiency is improved, and the tile data is loaded more accurately under the camera view angle.
3) Compared with the traditional browser rendering, the method has the advantages that the speed switching parameter and the layered adjustment parameter of the camera height are introduced, so that the accuracy is improved when whether the tile nodes are in the view frustum range is judged, and the layer-by-layer fine loading of the tile data is really realized.
4) Compared with the traditional browser for eliminating the inclined data cache, the method has the advantages that the maximum cache capacity of the browser can be fully utilized through a multi-area dynamic cache data mode based on the camera viewpoint, the cache function of the browser is exerted, and the system breakdown caused by the continuous increase of the cache can be greatly solved.
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FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of step 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed flow chart of step 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments and the working principles of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for loading massive oblique data based on multi-parameter rendering includes the following steps:
step 1, constructing a hierarchical structure index based on an octree;
most of the traditional tilt data adopts a quadtree to perform tile segmentation. But allows for hierarchical invocation of the tilt data module and space savings. Therefore, the data structure of the linear octree is adopted as the hierarchical structure index for data management of the tile data. The linear octree fully considers the improvement of the space utilization rate. The structure of the linear octree can make the organization of the tiles more compact, and can also make the volume of the tileset.
The construction steps of the hierarchical structure index based on the octree are as follows:
generating an LOD model for each building;
partitioning the LOD model data according to the partitioning boundary;
and continuously partitioning and compressing the data blocks, wherein the partitioning and compressing are mainly divided into an OSGB optimization stage and a top-level construction stage, and an integral octree is generated.
Traditional wide-range tilt data loading relies primarily on human eye perspective. The tile for oblique photography is loaded according to the principle of 'big-end-up-and-small-end-up'. In determining whether a data tile is loaded, the Screen Space Error (SSE) is calculated mainly by mSSE (maximum screen space error given), and according to the metadata information of the tile to be loaded. By comparing the two, if the SSE is greater than mSSE, then tile loading at camera view angle is performed. But the traditional loading mode ignores the loading smoothness degree of different network environments. In order to meet the data loading requirements under different network environments and enable a user to have better loading experience as much as possible, a network bandwidth variable k is introduced in a traditional loading mode, when whether a certain tile and a child node thereof are loaded or not is judged, the accuracy can be improved, and the defect that the traditional loading mode cannot adapt to different network environments can be overcome to a great extent.
Entering step 2, dynamically adjusting network bandwidth variables according to the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth of the client, and controlling the quantity of the tilt tile data loaded each time in real time, referring to the attached figure 2, and specifically comprising the following steps:
step 2.1, acquiring a network basic bandwidth;
2.2, calculating to obtain the current network speed according to the initial data volume of the tilt when the browser initializes the tilt data and the response time of the server;
step 2.3, initializing the value of a network bandwidth variable k according to the multiple relation between the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth;
assuming that the basic network bandwidth is 50Mbps, the default value of k is 1, and the k value is calculated in a linear correlation with the network speed.
Therefore, the updating mode of the value of the network bandwidth variable k is as follows:
k＝1*10 n (n<＝0)，
wherein n is a multiple relation between the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth, and n is unchanged if the current network speed is greater than or equal to the basic network bandwidth; if the current network speed is less than the basic network bandwidth but greater than 0.7 times the basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 1; if the current network speed is less than 0.7 times of the basic network bandwidth but more than 0.5 times of the basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 2; if the current network speed is less than 0.5 basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 3.
Step 2.4, when the browser sends the request data, according to the formula
Calculating to obtain a screen space error, and loading the current tile node and the child nodes thereof when the screen space error x is larger than a given maximum screen space error, wherein x is the screen space error, a is a geometric error, and d is the distance between the tile and the camera;
and 2.5, recalculating the current network speed according to the response time of corresponding data when the browser sends the request data each time, updating the value of a network bandwidth variable k, and controlling the quantity of the loaded oblique tile data in real time according to the step 2.4.
After introducing the network bandwidth variable k, the value of the screen space error is increased or decreased in a limited manner depending on the network environment. In a three-dimensional web visualization system, a user dynamically sets k according to the speed of bandwidth in real time when carrying out operations such as scaling, transformation and the like. If the network environment condition is poor, the k value can be adjusted to be small, and when the k value is reduced, the correspondingly loaded tilted tiles can also become rough. But the integral loading rendering can ensure that the loading of the inclination data is smoother and the blockage is reduced.
The inclination is rough in data level and small in data quantity; clear data hierarchy and large data volume. Moreover, according to the storage mode of the step 1, the tile data is subjected to the structure division of the linear octree, the hierarchical semantics of each data is relatively accurate, and the browser can retrieve and call the data through the metadata information relatively quickly. According to the characteristic, when the browser loads the three-dimensional inclined tile data, the hierarchical semantics of the data are considered. The number of tilting tiles loaded by the browser is kept in a relatively stable state.
Step 3, dynamically adjusting layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of the camera visual hierarchy in the octree hierarchical structure index, and controlling the loading quantity of the browser to the background tile data in real time;
the embodiment further increases the height parameter m of the hierarchical change under the condition introduced by the network environment. The main realization process is as follows: when the browser side performs operations such as moving, zooming and turning over of data, the loaded tilt data is converted from a coarse level to a fine level according to the height change of the camera visual field of each level. In the conversion process, if the hierarchy change of data is relatively quick, the tile data request quantity of the browser is increased sharply, the adjustment parameter m should be increased, the request quantity of the browser for background tile data is controlled, and the stability and the inclination data smoothness of the browser are ensured; if the height of the hierarchy is relatively high and the number of real-time requests of the browser is relatively small, the adjustment parameter m can be reduced, and the fineness of each hierarchy and the smoothness of data switching under the vision of the camera are guaranteed. Referring to fig. 3, the specific steps are as follows:
step 3.1, acquiring the height change speed of the visual hierarchy under the visual field of the current camera;
step 3.2, dynamically setting the layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of the current visual hierarchy;
the manner of dynamically setting the hierarchical adjustment parameters is as follows:
when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is higher than 4500 meters, the value of the layering adjustment parameter is 1.25; when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is 3000 m to 4500 m, the value of the layering adjustment parameter is 1.50; when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is 1500 m to 3000 m, the value of the hierarchical adjustment parameter is 1.75; and when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is less than 1500 m, the value of the hierarchical adjustment parameter is 2.0.
Step 3.3, according to the set hierarchical adjusting parameters and the formula
And calculating to obtain a screen space error, and loading tile data under the current level when the screen space error x is greater than a given maximum screen space error, wherein y is the screen space error, a is a geometric error, k is a network bandwidth variable corresponding to the current network speed, d is the distance between a tile and a camera, and m is a layered adjustment parameter.
According to the height change speed of the visual hierarchy of the camera, the parameter m is dynamically changed, the tile loading quantity of the browser is controlled, and the flexibility of the browser in layered loading is greatly improved. Simultaneously, data load formula
The bandwidth parameter k in step 2 is still introduced, and the main purpose of the bandwidth parameter k is that the bandwidth size determines the response speed of the browser to the data in the process of changing the high-level speed. When the tile data is loaded or not, the tile data is determined by multiple parameters such as visual height, network bandwidth, height change speed and the like. Through the optimized data loading formula, the application loading mode of the browser end under different environments can be adapted, for example, when the tilted data volume is large, the network bandwidth is poor, and the visual switching is fast, different data ranges can be loaded according to different data loading environments, so that the system has stronger adaptability, faster response speed, better stability!
After the three steps, the tilt data is loaded to the front-end browser through the system. However, due to the characteristic that the amount of the oblique data is generally large, the phenomenon that the browser is crashed due to the fact that the cache of the browser data is not timely removed is easily caused. Through step 1, the storage of the skewed data is sliced through a linear octree. The index file records the hierarchical relationship and attribute information of each file. And the traditional multi-region data caching method is modified by means of the characteristics of the multi-level LOD hierarchy, and the traditional view frustum cutting is optimized to be modified into camera view point-based caching elimination.
Step 4, performing memory optimization management on the tilt data loaded to the front-end browser, specifically comprising the following steps:
4.1, the browser performs priority sequencing on the tile data according to the distance between the tile data and a camera viewpoint, wherein the closer the distance is, the higher the sequencing is in the loading queue; the distance is far and the sequence is back;
step 4.2, the browser enters the loaded tile data into the tail part of the cache queue along with the change of the visual angle range of the camera, and records the metadata information of the tile data in the local storage of the browser;
and 4.3, when the tile data in the queue is greater than the maximum memory threshold of the browser, dynamically clearing the data at the tail part of the cache queue according to the metadata information.
By the mode in the step 4, the data in the cache area can be deleted in time, and the normal operation of the browser is guaranteed.
According to the method, on the basis that whether current tile data is loaded or not is judged by comparing the given maximum screen space error with the screen space error obtained by calculating tile metadata information in the traditional loading method, variables and layered rendering adjustment parameters of the actual network environment of a client are introduced based on the actual response capacity of network bandwidth and the switching capacity of data of each layer, so that the method is more accurate when judging whether the current tile meets the loading condition or not and when the data is layered rendering adjusted, and the system can be guaranteed to smoothly transit from the coarse loading problem to the fine loading problem; meanwhile, the network environment of actual loading of the client is fully considered, and the traditional loading mode is optimized, so that tile data can be loaded more accurately under the camera view angle, the drawing pressure of the system is reduced, and the loading and rendering efficiency is improved.
The technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A mass inclined data loading method based on multi-parameter rendering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, constructing a hierarchical structure index based on an octree;
step 2, dynamically adjusting network bandwidth variables according to the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth of the client, and controlling the quantity of the inclined tile data loaded each time in real time;
step 3, dynamically adjusting layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of a camera vision level in the octree level structure index, and controlling the loading quantity of the browser to the background tile data in real time;
and 4, performing memory optimization management on the tilt data loaded to the front-end browser.
2. The method for loading massive tilted data based on multi-parameter rendering according to claim 1, wherein: the construction steps of the hierarchical structure index based on the octree in the step 1 are as follows:
generating an LOD model for each building;
partitioning the LOD model data according to the partitioning boundary;
and continuously partitioning and compressing the data blocks to generate the whole octree.
3. The method for loading massive tilted data based on multi-parameter rendering according to claim 1, wherein: the step of controlling the amount of loaded tilt data in step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, acquiring a network basic bandwidth;
2.2, calculating to obtain the current network speed according to the initial data volume of the inclination when the browser initializes the inclination data and the response time of the server;
step 2.3, initializing the value of a network bandwidth variable k according to the multiple relation between the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth;
step 2.4, when the browser sends the request data, according to the formula
Calculating to obtain a screen space error, and loading a current tile node and child nodes thereof when the screen space error x is larger than a given maximum screen space error, wherein x is the screen space error, a is a geometric error, and d is the distance between a tile and a camera;
and 2.5, recalculating the current network speed according to the response time of corresponding data when the browser sends the request data each time, updating the value of a network bandwidth variable k, and controlling the quantity of the loaded oblique tile data in real time according to the step 2.4.
4. The method for loading massive tilted data based on multi-parameter rendering according to claim 3, wherein: the updating mode of the value of the network bandwidth variable k is as follows:
k＝1*10 n (n<＝0)，
wherein n is the multiple relation between the current network speed and the basic network bandwidth, and n is unchanged if the current network speed is greater than or equal to the basic network bandwidth; if the current network speed is less than the basic network bandwidth but greater than 0.7 times the basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 1; if the current network speed is less than 0.7 times of the basic network bandwidth but more than 0.5 times of the basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 2; if the current network speed is less than 0.5 basic network bandwidth, n is reduced by 3.
5. The method for loading massive tilted data based on multi-parameter rendering according to claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of controlling the loading number of the background tile data by the browser in the step 3 are as follows:
step 3.1, acquiring the height change speed of the visual hierarchy under the visual field of the current camera;
step 3.2, dynamically setting the layered adjustment parameters according to the height change speed of the current visual hierarchy;
step 3.3, according to the set hierarchical regulation parameters and the formula
Calculating to obtain a screen space error, and loading tile data under the current level when the screen space error x is greater than a given maximum screen space error, wherein y is the screen space error, a is a geometric error, k is a network bandwidth variable corresponding to the current network speed, d is the distance between a tile and a camera, and m is a layered adjustment parameter.
6. The mass tilt data loading method based on multi-parameter rendering of claim 5, wherein: the manner of dynamically setting the hierarchical adjustment parameters in step 3.2 is as follows:
when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is higher than 4500 meters, the value of the layering adjustment parameter is 1.25; when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is 3000 m to 4500 m, the value of the layering adjustment parameter is 1.50; when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is 1500 m to 3000 m, the value of the hierarchical adjustment parameter is 1.75; and when the height change speed of the visual hierarchy is less than 1500 m, the value of the hierarchical adjustment parameter is 2.0.
7. The method for loading massive tilted data based on multi-parameter rendering according to claim 1, wherein: the memory optimization management steps are as follows:
4.1, the browser performs priority sequencing on the tile data according to the distance between the tile data and the camera viewpoint, wherein the closer the tile data is, the higher the tile data is in the sequence in the loading queue; farther away, sort back;
step 4.2, the browser enters the loaded tile data into the tail part of the cache queue along with the change of the visual angle range of the camera, and records the metadata information of the tile data in the local storage of the browser;
and 4.3, when the tile data in the queue is larger than the maximum memory threshold of the browser, dynamically clearing the data at the tail part of the cache queue according to the metadata information.
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| CN116627580A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-08-22 | 江苏正泰泰杰赛智能科技有限公司 | Multi-level cache three-dimensional model loading method for webpage end |
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