CN115407521A - Light field display device and light field display system - Google Patents

Light field display device and light field display system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115407521A
CN115407521A CN202110587427.6A CN202110587427A CN115407521A CN 115407521 A CN115407521 A CN 115407521A CN 202110587427 A CN202110587427 A CN 202110587427A CN 115407521 A CN115407521 A CN 115407521A
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Prior art keywords
lens
main lens
lens array
light field
display device
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Inventor
田依杉
薛高磊
凌秋雨
高健
王维
彭玮婷
孟宪芹
陈小川
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G02B30/29—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays characterised by the geometry of the lenticular array, e.g. slanted arrays, irregular arrays or arrays of varying shape or size

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D display, in particular to a light field display device and a light field display system. The light field display device includes: the display device comprises a display component, a lens array and at least one main lens, wherein the lens array and the main lens are sequentially arranged along the light emergent direction of the display component, and the distance from the highest point of the lens array to the display component is equal to the focal length of the lens array; the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the main lens is smaller than or equal to the focal length of the main lens; when the display module is used, light rays emitted by the display module are firstly deflected and refracted by the lens array for the first time and then deflected and refracted by the divergence angle for the second time through the main lens, and finally enter corresponding viewpoints of human eyes; in summary, the present application performs twice beam-closing modulation on the divergence angle of light by the cooperation of the lens array and the main lens, so as to improve the resolution of the corresponding viewpoint entering the human eye, and further improve the display resolution.

Description

Light field display device and light field display system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D display, in particular to a light field display device and a light field display system.
Background
At present, near-eye VR/AR display mostly adopts a left eye screen and a right eye screen to load different parallax images to provide stereoscopic vision, convergence-focus conflict can be brought, a user can generate strong vertigo feeling, and the problem can be well solved through monocular light field display.
The integrated imaging display of a screen and a lens array is a main scheme for realizing monocular light field display; the integrated imaging display is divided into a real mode, a virtual mode and a focusing mode, wherein the focusing mode is that a screen is placed on a focal plane of a lens array, and the divergence angle of light emitted by the screen is minimum after the light is modulated by the lens array, so that the integrated imaging display can obtain larger depth of field and is more suitable for the requirement of displaying the large depth of field by near eyes.
In the prior art, a lens array with a smaller aperture of a single lens is usually used to ensure the resolution of the light field display, but as the aperture of the single lens is reduced, the corresponding beam converging capability of the light beam is also correspondingly reduced, so that the resolution of the light field display is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the application is to provide a light field display device and light field display system to solve the lower technical problem of light field display resolution among the prior art.
Technical scheme (I)
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a light field display device comprising: the display module is sequentially provided with a lens array and at least one main lens along the light emergent direction of the display module, wherein the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the display module is equal to the focal length of the lens array; the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the main lens is smaller than or equal to the focal length of the main lens.
As one of the alternatives of the present solution, the lens array is configured as a cylindrical lens array.
As an alternative of this solution, the lens array is mounted on the light exit side of the display module through a spacer layer.
As an alternative to this solution, the refractive index of the spacer layer is equal to the refractive index of the lens array.
As one alternative of the present invention, the main lens is spaced apart from the lens array by a mounting frame.
As one of the alternatives of the present technical solution, the main lens may be at least provided as a plano-convex lens or a biconvex lens.
As one alternative of the present solution, when the distance between the lens array and the main lens is equal to the focal length of the main lens, the main lens has a fixed focal length.
As an alternative of this solution, when the distance between the lens array and the main lens is smaller than the focal length of the main lens, the main lens has a variable focal length.
As one of the alternatives of the technical scheme, the field angle beta of the main lens ranges from 90 degrees to 100 degrees; the aperture of the main lens is less than or equal to 50mm; the focal length of the main lens is less than or equal to 40mm.
As one of the alternatives of the present technical solution, the range of the diameter size of the light spot formed by being transmitted to the main lens via the lens array is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000021
wherein epsilon is the diameter of a light spot formed by the light transmitted to the main lens through the lens array; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; f is the focal length of the main lens; d is the aperture of a single lens in the lens array.
As one of the alternatives of the present solution, the aperture size of the single lens in the lens array is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000022
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; m is a pixel opening; e is the eye movement range; λ is the wavelength from the display assembly emission line; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; f is the focal length of the main lens.
As one of the alternatives of the present solution, the aperture of the main lens is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000031
wherein a is the aperture of the main lens; l is the exit pupil distance; β is the field angle of the main lens.
As one of the alternatives of the present solution, the size of the lens array in the Y-axis direction is equal to the size of the effective pixel area in the Y-axis direction in the display module;
and the dimension of the lens array in the X-axis direction is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000032
wherein F' is the distance from the lens array to the main lens; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; and theta is a divergence angle.
As one alternative of the present technical solution, the size of the effective pixel area in the X-axis direction in the display module is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000033
and the size of the effective pixel area in the Y-axis direction in the display assembly is as follows:
c y ＝p·M；
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; b x Is the size of the lens array in the X-axis direction; n is the number of pixels covered by a single lens in the X direction; p is the pixel spacing; m is the resolution of a single viewpoint in the Y-axis direction.
As one of the alternatives of the technical scheme, the interval p between every two adjacent pixels in the display component is less than or equal to 10 μm.
To achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a light field display system, such as the light field display device of any one of the preceding claims.
(II) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a light field display device and a light field display system, the light field display device includes: the display module is sequentially provided with a lens array and at least one main lens along the light emergent direction of the display module, wherein the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the display module is equal to the focal length of the lens array; the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the main lens is smaller than or equal to the focal length of the main lens; when the display module is used, light rays emitted by the display module are firstly deflected and refracted by the lens array for the first time and then deflected and refracted by the divergence angle for the second time through the main lens, and finally enter corresponding viewpoints of human eyes; in summary, the present application performs twice beam-closing modulation on the divergence angle of light by the cooperation of the lens array and the main lens, so as to improve the resolution of the corresponding viewpoint entering the human eye, and further improve the display resolution.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive labor, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light field display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of yet another light field display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a display of a light field display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an imaging schematic diagram of a light field display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating modulation transmission of pixel light through a lens array according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a main lens and lens array in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an effective pixel area in a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a model of the display effect of the light field display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a lens array according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a light field display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a top view of the unprinted front lens array of fig. 10.
In the figure: 1. a display component; 2. a lens array; 3. a main lens; 4. a spacer layer; 5. installing a frame; 6. a 2D viewpoint; 7. a 3D viewpoint; 8. a support structure; 9. a first drive electrode; 10. a second drive electrode; 11. a first line electrode; 12. a second line electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The integrated imaging display of a screen + lens array is a main scheme for realizing monocular light field display; the integrated imaging display is divided into a real mode, a virtual mode and a focusing mode, wherein the focusing mode is that a screen is placed on a focal plane of a lens array, and the divergence angle of light emitted by the screen is minimum after the light is modulated by the lens array, so that the integrated imaging display can obtain larger depth of field and is more suitable for the requirement of displaying the large depth of field by near eyes.
In the prior art, a lens array with a smaller aperture of a single lens is usually used to ensure the resolution of the light field display, but as the aperture of the single lens is reduced, the corresponding beam converging capability of the light beam is also correspondingly reduced, so that the resolution of the light field display is lower.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
one example of the present invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, as shown in fig. 1 to 8, the present application provides a light field display system, comprising: the specific structure of the light field display device is described in detail below:
a light field display device comprising: the display module 1, in a specific embodiment, the display panel of the present invention can be configured as a Micro-LED display panel, an LCD display panel, and other OLED display panels, preferably, the display module 1 is configured with an OLED display panel, which can be a common OLED display panel, a transparent OLED display panel, etc. according to the function; according to the light emitting principle, the display panel can be an RGB three-color display panel, a white light + color film OLED display panel, a quantum dot + OLED display panel and the like. The present invention does not specifically limit the type of the display panel.
The lens array 2 and the at least one main lens 3 are sequentially disposed along the light emitting direction of the display module 1, in this embodiment, preferably, the lens array 2 is a spherical microlens array 2, of course, the microlens array 2 is not limited to the above example, and as long as the lens array 2 capable of converging light is applicable to this embodiment, all of which belong to the protection scope of this application; in a specific embodiment, the lens array 2 is mounted on the light-emitting side of the display module 1 through a spacer layer 4; each lens in the lens array 2 covers two or more pixel points on the display component 1 in the modulation direction, and the number of pixel points corresponding to each lens is equal to the number of viewpoints; wherein, the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the display component 1 is equal to the focal length of the lens array 2; the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the main lens 3 is less than or equal to the focal length of the main lens 3; preferably, the refractive index of the spacer layer 4 is equal to the refractive index of the lens array 2, and the size of the spacer layer 4 is equal to the size of the lens array 2, so as to ensure that the spacer layer 4 covers each lens of the lens array 2; to ensure that the light from the display module 1 can smoothly pass through the spacer layer 4 to be diffused into the lens array 2, and no light loss occurs in the above process, further, to ensure the light transmittance, the preferable spacer layer 4 is made of a transparent material, for example, the spacer layer 4 may be made of inorganic glass, organic glass or other resin, preferably, pmma resin, to sum up, the spacer layer 4 in this embodiment is not limited to be made of the above material, and all belong to the protection scope of this application as long as the material with the same refractive index as the lens array 2 is suitable for this embodiment.
In a specific embodiment, the field angle β of the main lens 3 is in the range of 90 ° -100 °; the aperture of the main lens 3 is less than or equal to 50mm; the focal length of the main lens 3 is less than or equal to 40mm; wherein the aperture of the main lens 3 can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003088183370000061
wherein a is the aperture of the main lens; l is the exit pupil distance; β is the field angle of the main lens.
Illustratively, when the field angle β of the main lens is selected to be 90 ° and the exit pupil distance l is 20mm, the aperture of the main lens may be determined to be 40mm.
Specifically, the main lens 3 is disposed at an interval with the lens array 2 through the mounting frame 5, specifically, both ends of the main lens 3 are respectively fixedly connected with the mounting frame 5, or, in order to facilitate mounting and dismounting of the main lens 3, both ends of the main lens 3 are respectively detachably connected with the mounting frame 5, in a preferred embodiment, one end of the mounting frame 5 away from the display assembly 1 has a mounting location, and the shape of the mounting location is matched with the shape of the main lens 3, in a specific embodiment, both the main lens 3 and the lens array 2 can be configured as a spherical lens, an aspheric lens or a fresnel lens, and the structures can be configured as a double convex lens as shown in fig. 1 and a plano-convex lens as shown in fig. 2, of course, the shape and the structure of the main lens 3 as given in the above embodiment are only illustrated for convenience of understanding, the shape and the structure of the main lens 3 in this embodiment are not specifically defined, as long as the lenses capable of bundling light rays are all suitable for this embodiment, the protection range of this application, and the number of the main lenses 3 is not specifically defined in this embodiment, and the main lens array can be configured as two lenses, and the main lens array can be configured as a laminated structure, or can be configured as a laminated structure, which is set in advance according to other specific and as required; illustratively, when the main lens 3 is provided as two plano-convex lenses arranged in a stack, it is preferable that the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the plano-convex lens closest to the lens array 2 be equal to the focal length of the plano-convex lens.
When the display module is used, light rays emitted by the display module 1 are firstly subjected to primary deflection and divergence angle convergence by the lens array 2, then subjected to secondary deflection and divergence angle convergence by the main lens 3 and finally enter corresponding viewpoints of human eyes; in summary, the present application adopts the lens array 2 with a small aperture of a single lens to cooperate with the main lens 3 to implement twice beam-closing modulation on the divergence angle of light, thereby improving the resolution of the corresponding viewpoint entering the human eye and further improving the display resolution.
In the above embodiment, since the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the display module 1 is equal to the focal length of the lens array 2, the divergence angle of the light emitted by the display module 1 is adjusted once, and the divergence angle is adjusted to be minimum, in order to further modulate the divergence angle, the present application arranges the main lens 3 at an interval on one side of the lens array 2 away from the display module 1, wherein, preferably, the main lens 3 has a fixed focal length, and the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the main lens 3 is smaller than the focal length of the main lens 3, so as to achieve secondary beam collection of the light emitted by the lens array 2, wherein, a single lens in the lens array 2 selects a smaller-sized aperture, so as to further reduce the spot diameter of the light emitted by the lens array 2 on the main lens 3, and further improve the light field display resolution; further, in order to achieve modulation of the divergence angle of the light rays diverged via the lens array 2 to the minimum, it is preferable that the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the main lens 3 is equal to the focal length of the main lens 3.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the dimensions of the lens array 2 are as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000081
wherein F' is the distance from the lens array to the main lens; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; and theta is a divergence angle.
And the size of the effective pixel area in the display component is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000082
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; b x Is the size of the lens array; n is the number of pixels covered by a single lens; p is the pixel spacing; m is the resolution of a single viewpoint in the Y-axis direction.
In the foregoing embodiment, it is preferable that the interval p between every two adjacent pixels in the display module 1 is less than or equal to 10 μm.
In the following embodiment, the microlens array 2 is selected as the lens array 2, and the distance from the highest point of the lens array 2 to the display module 1 is set to be equal to the focal length of the lens array 2; the distance between the highest point of the lens array 2 and the main lens 3 is set to be equal to the focal length of the main lens 3, for example, to explain the display principle:
the light field display angular resolution α in the foregoing embodiment can be described by the divergence angle θ of the light spot presented on the main lens 3 with respect to the human eye, and the correspondence relationship is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000083
wherein D is the aperture of a single lens in the lens array 2; f is the focal length of the main lens 3.
According to the above formula, it can be seen that the ratio between the aperture of the single lens in the lens array 2 and the focal length of the main lens 3 determines the magnitude of the divergence angle θ modulated by the main lens 3, and since the light field display angular resolution α is equal to the divergence angle θ modulated by the main lens 3, the ratio will determine the magnitude of the light field display angular resolution α; theoretically, the smaller the divergence angle θ after modulation, the higher the corresponding light field display angular resolution α, but when the light field display angular resolution α is 1 arc minute, the resolution limit of the retina of human eyes is already reached, and therefore, in order to ensure the highest light field display resolution within the visible range of human eyes, the value range of the corresponding light field display angular resolution α is greater than or equal to 1 arc minute.
Under the above conditions, the conditions for clear imaging of the light field display device are determined, and the specific process is as follows:
according to the Rayleigh criterion, the conditions that adjacent light spots can be clearly distinguished are as follows: the radius r of each light spot is smaller than the distance D between adjacent light spots, as shown in fig. 4, the micro-lens array emits light with a certain divergence angle, the light is transmitted to the surface of the main lens to form the light spots with the diameter of epsilon, the main lens modulates the divergence angle of the received light, and the modulated divergence angle is theta = D/F; after a certain distance L 'is transmitted, the diameter of the obtained light spot is 2r = epsilon + L'. D/F; the distance D = L'. D/F between the adjacent light spots after being modulated by the main lens can be obtained according to the object-image relation.
At this time, according to r < d, the diameter size of the light spot formed by being transmitted to the main lens through the lens array can be determined to be in the following range, so that the light field display device can be clearly imaged:
Figure BDA0003088183370000091
wherein epsilon is the diameter of a light spot formed by the light transmitted to the main lens through the lens array; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; f is the focal length of the main lens; d is the aperture of the lens.
When light rays are represented by chief rays, the relationship between device parameters can be derived from fig. 1 as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000092
Figure BDA0003088183370000093
wherein F is the focal length of the main lens; f is the focal length of the microlens; d is the aperture of a single lens in the micro lens array; p is the pixel spacing; e is the size of the eye movement range; n is the number of visual points in the eye movement range; l is the exit pupil distance.
In summary, the aperture of each lens in the microlens array can be determined according to the formula (2), and the depth of field L 'of the main lens can be calculated according to L' = F × L/(F-I), and the above calculated values are substituted into the above formula, so as to determine the clear imaging condition of the light field display device.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the spot diameter ∈ size formed by transmission to the main lens via the lens array is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000101
wherein m is the pixel opening and λ is the wavelength of light.
According to the formula, the size of the light spot diameter epsilon formed by transmitting the current light to the main lens through the lens array can be calculated, whether the current light spot diameter epsilon is smaller than the clear imaging condition of the light field display device or not is judged, if the current light spot diameter epsilon is larger than the clear imaging condition of the light field display device, parameters among related devices need to be adjusted until the clear imaging condition of the light field display device is met.
Meanwhile, according to the corresponding relation, the aperture sizes of the single lenses in the lens array can be determined as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000102
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; m is a pixel opening; e is the eye movement range; λ is the wavelength; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; f is the focal length of the main lens.
For convenience of understanding, a specific embodiment is used for explanation, as shown in fig. 8, 2 or more viewpoints in a pupil may render a light field image, the size of the pupil of a human eye is generally about 4mm, the viewpoint interval is taken as 2mm to ensure that two 2D viewpoints 6 are located in the pupil, and an eye movement range e is designed to be 8mm, that is, it is determined that 5 × 5 2D viewpoints 6 are included in the eye movement range; the pixel interval p is 8.5um, the size of an effective pixel area in the display assembly 1 can be determined to be 80 x 80mm by substituting the formula, and a near-eye light field display model is designed by the LCD black-and-white screen, so that 5 x 5 2D viewpoints 6 are uniformly arranged in an eye movement range; wherein, VR lens is chooseed for use to main lens 3, and focus F is 40mm, and 3 apertures of main lens are 40mm, and 3 field of vision beta of main lens are 90 × 90, and exit pupil distance l is 20mm, and pixel opening m is 3um × 3um.
The focal length f of a single lens in the lens array 2 can be calculated to be 212.5um according to the formula (1) and the formula (2); dimension D is 42.39um; the transverse angular resolution alpha of the light field display can be calculated to be about 3.6 arc minutes according to the formula; and calculating the depth of field range of 0.8m to infinity which meets 3.6 arc minutes of clear imaging;
the following table shows the detailed device parameters:
screen size c Pixel interval p Pixel aperture m Focal length f of lens array Main lens aperture a Main lens focal length F
80*80mm 8.5um 3um*3um f＝212.5um 40mm 40mm
The light field effect obtained is as follows:
eye movement range e Number of viewpoints N Angular resolution alpha Angle of view beta
8*8mm 5*5 3.6 minutes of arc 90°*90°
Yet another embodiment
Compared with the light field display device provided by one embodiment, the light field display device provided by the embodiment has the following differences: as shown in fig. 9, the lens array 2 is configured as a cylindrical lens array 2, in the foregoing embodiment, due to the design of the microlens array 2, it can modulate in both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, but the modulation direction that can be observed by human eyes is only the X-axis direction, so that the resolution of the display assembly 1 in the Y-axis direction is sacrificed, and the improvement of the light field display resolution in the present application is not obvious; in order to solve the above technical problem, in the present embodiment, the lens array 2 is set as the cylindrical lens array 2, so that the modulation is performed only in the X-axis direction that can be observed by the human eye, and thus the horizontal parallax image is provided only in the human eye direction, and the horizontal parallax image is not provided in the Y-axis direction that is not the modulation direction, that is, the resolution of the Y-axis direction display assembly 1 is not sacrificed, thereby further improving the light field display resolution.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the lens array 2 in the Y-axis direction is equal to the size of the effective pixel area in the display module 1 in the Y-axis direction;
and, the size of the lens array 2 in the X-axis direction is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000111
wherein F' is the distance from the lens array to the main lens; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; theta is the divergence angle.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the size of the effective pixel area in the X-axis direction in the display module is as follows:
Figure BDA0003088183370000121
and the size of the effective pixel area in the Y-axis direction in the display component is as follows:
c y ＝p·M；
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; b x Is the size of the lens array in the X-axis direction; n is the number of pixels covered by a single lens; p is the pixel spacing; m is the resolution of a single viewpoint in the Y-axis direction.
For example, the color pixels of the display module are arranged as shown in fig. 7, and when the 2D viewpoints are distributed in the x direction, the pixel pitch p = N × px =3 × py, where px and py are the sizes of the individual sub-pixels in the x direction and the y direction, respectively, and N is the number of 2D viewpoints in the x direction.
Yet another embodiment
Compared with the light field display device provided by the further embodiment, the light field display device provided by the present embodiment has the following differences:
when the distance between the lens array and the main lens is smaller than the focal length of the main lens, the divergence angle theta after secondary modulation through the main lens at the moment 1 Is larger than the divergence angle theta after secondary modulation by the main lens when the distance between the lens array and the main lens is set to be equal to the focal length of the main lens 2 This will result in a corresponding optical display resolution a when the separation between the lens array and the main lens is smaller than the focal length of the main lens 1 The optical display resolution alpha is smaller than that when the distance between the lens array and the main lens is smaller than the focal length of the main lens 2 Therefore, in this embodiment, the optical display resolution is low, and the optimal effect is not achieved.
Therefore, in order to solve the above-described technical problem, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 to 11, when the pitch between the lens array 2 and the main lens 3 is smaller than the focal length of the main lens 3, the main lens 3 is designed to have a variable focal length; specifically, in the adjustment process, the focal length of the main lens 3 only needs to be correspondingly reduced until the distance between the lens array 2 and the main lens 3 is adjusted to a position equal to the focal length of the main lens 3, so as to adjust the optical display resolution to an optimal value.
For convenience of understanding, the main lens 3 is exemplified as a plano-convex lens in the following specific embodiment, specifically, a side close to the lens array 2 is set as a plane structure, and a side far from the lens array 2 is set as a cambered surface structure.
In a specific embodiment, the light field display device further comprises an adjusting structure, the main lens 3 is mounted in the adjusting structure, and the main lens 3 is made of electrostrictive material, and under the action of the adjusting structure, the field controls the main lens 3 to deform in the direction of reducing the arch height thereof.
For example, the electrostrictive material may be polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, or the like, and the material may deform under the control of the field; and the main lens 3 is correspondingly arranged on the adjusting structure; wherein, under the effect of adjusting the structure, the domain control main lens 3 is to reducing the direction deformation of its hunch height, and preferably, the domain sets up to the electric field, can also set up to magnetic field certainly, as long as can realize that main lens 3 takes place the domain of deformation and all be applicable to this scheme, for convenient understanding, set up the field as the electric field in the following and explain in detail.
Further, in order to ensure accurate control over the main lens 3, the shape of the adjusting structure is adapted to the shape of the main lens 3, preferably, as shown in fig. 11, in the present embodiment, the main lens 3 is configured as a cylindrical convex lens structure, and therefore, the adjusting structure is configured as a cylinder, and of course, the shape of the main lens 3 and the shape corresponding to the adjusting structure are not limited to the above-mentioned cylinder structure, and other structures, such as a square structure, a hexagon structure, etc., may also be adopted, and in the present embodiment, the shape is not limited.
In order to adjust the distance between the highest point of the lenticular lens array 2 and the main lens to the focal length of the main lens, so as to further reduce the divergence angle of the light emitted by the lenticular lens array 2, in this embodiment, it is proposed that the main lens 3 is made of an electrostrictive material, and correspondingly, an adjusting structure is disposed on the main lens 3, and the height of the main lens 3 in the vertical direction is reduced by a field generated by the adjusting structure, so as to reduce the focal length of the main lens 3 to a position equal to the distance between the highest point of the lenticular lens array 2 and the main lens; specifically, when the field is negative, the main lens 3 deforms along the vertical direction to reduce the vault height of the main lens in the vertical direction, so as to reduce the focal length of the main lens 3; with the change of the field intensity, the deformation degree, i.e. the vault height, of the corresponding main lens 3 is correspondingly changed, specifically, with the increase of the field intensity, the larger the deformation degree of the corresponding main lens 3 is, the more the vault height is reduced, and the smaller the focal length of the main lens 3 is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown, the adjustment structure comprises: the main lens 3 is mounted in a space formed between the first drive electrode 9 and the second drive electrode 10 by the first drive electrode 9 and the second drive electrode 10 being spaced apart by the support structure 8.
In operation, an electric field with adjustable strength is generated between the first driving electrode 9 and the second driving electrode 10, and the electric field penetrates through the main lens 3 made of the high-transmittance electrostrictive material, so that the main lens 3 deforms along the direction of the electric field; in the present embodiment, in order to change the vault height of the main lens 3 in the vertical direction, therefore, the first drive electrode 9 and the second drive electrode 10 are spaced apart along the vertical direction by the support structure 8; for ease of understanding, the direction in which the second drive electrode 10 diverges the electric field toward the first drive electrode 9 is set to be opposite; when the focal length of the main lens 3 needs to be reduced, only the height of the main lens 3 needs to be reduced, and at this time, only the second driving electrode 10 needs to be ensured to disperse a negative electric field to the first driving electrode 9, and at this time, the main lens 3 deforms along the direction in which the height of the arch decreases in the vertical direction under the action of the negative electric field, so that the focal length of the main lens 3 is reduced.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figures and figures, the outer side of the main lens 3 is further provided with a focusing structure, which corresponds to the adjusting structure, for preventing the main lens 3 from diffusing; specifically, the initial state of the main lens 3 in the scheme is liquid drops, the liquid drops are printed on the corresponding first driving electrodes 9 through the printing technology, the main lens 3 is formed through solidification at last, in order to avoid the situation that the main lens 3 is diffused in the printing process and the molding of the main lens 3 is influenced, the gathering structure is additionally arranged in the scheme to avoid the technical problems.
In one embodiment, the aggregation structure comprises:
the aggregation structure includes: the lens comprises a first linear electrode 11 and a second linear electrode 12 which are matched with each other, wherein the second linear electrode 12 is arranged above the first linear electrode 11 in an interlaced mode, and the main lens 3 is arranged in an area formed by the first linear electrode 11 and the second linear electrode 12 in the interlaced mode.
In another embodiment, the concentrating structure is provided as a hydrophobic layer, which is provided on the side wall surface of the support structure 8 near the main lens 3; so that the surface tension of the side wall surface of the supporting structure 8 close to the main lens 3 is different from the surface tension of the lower wall surface, thereby ensuring that the liquid drops of the main lens 3 are gathered between two adjacent supporting columns, and the liquid drops can not be left on the side wall surface of the supporting structure 8, and further ensuring the molding effect of the main lens 3.
In one embodiment, the aggregation structure comprises: the micro-nano structure is composed of two protruding structures arranged at intervals, liquid drops of the main lens 3 are gathered on the micro-nano structure under the gathering effect of the micro-nano structure, diffusion cannot occur, the forming effect of the liquid drops is guaranteed, the specific micro-nano structure can be selected from structures such as a micro-nano grating, a concave pit and a protrusion, and in the embodiment, the micro-nano grating is preferably selected.
The embodiments in the present specification are all described in a progressive manner, and some of the embodiments are mainly described as different from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.
It should be noted that in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," as well as any variations thereof or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed, but may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230 \ 8230;,"' over 8230;, \8230; upper surface "," above ", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230; above" and "at 8230; \8230; below". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and are presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications and changes to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (16)

1. A light field display device, comprising: the display module is sequentially provided with a lens array and at least one main lens along the light emergent direction of the display module, wherein the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the display module is equal to the focal length of the lens array; the distance between the highest point of the lens array and the main lens is smaller than or equal to the focal length of the main lens.
2. A light field display device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the lens array is provided as a cylindrical lens array.
3. A light field display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lens array is mounted to the light exit side of the display element by a spacer layer.
4. A light field display device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the refractive index of the spacer layer is equal to the refractive index of the lens array.
5. A light field display device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main lens is spaced from the lens array by a mounting frame.
6. A light field display device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the main lens is at least provided as a plano-convex lens or a biconvex lens.
7. A light field display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main lens has a fixed focal length when the spacing between the array of lenses and the main lens is equal to the focal length of the main lens.
8. A light field display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main lens has a variable focal length when the spacing between the array of lenses and the main lens is less than the focal length of the main lens.
9. A light field display device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the field angle β of the main lens ranges from 90 ° -100 °; the aperture of the main lens is less than or equal to 50mm; the focal length of the main lens is less than or equal to 40mm.
10. A light field display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the range of spot diameter sizes formed by transmission through the lens array to the main lens is as follows:
Figure FDA0003088183360000021
wherein epsilon is the diameter of a light spot formed by the light transmitted to the main lens through the lens array; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; f is the focal length of the main lens; d is the aperture of a single lens in the lens array.
11. A light field display device as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the aperture sizes of the individual lenses in the lens array are as follows:
Figure FDA0003088183360000022
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; m is a pixel opening; e is the eye movement range; λ is the wavelength from the display assembly emission line; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; f is the focal length of the main lens.
12. A light field display device as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the apertures of the main lens are as follows:
Figure FDA0003088183360000023
wherein a is the aperture of the main lens; l is the exit pupil distance; β is the field angle of the main lens.
13. A light field display device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the size of the lens array in the Y-axis direction is equal to the size of the active pixel area in the Y-axis direction within the display assembly;
and the dimension of the lens array in the X-axis direction is as follows:
Figure FDA0003088183360000024
wherein F' is the distance from the lens array to the main lens; l' is the depth of field of the main lens; theta is the divergence angle.
14. A light field display device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the dimensions of the active pixel area in the X-axis direction within the display assembly are as follows:
Figure FDA0003088183360000025
and the size of the effective pixel area in the Y-axis direction in the display component is as follows:
c y ＝p·M；
wherein D is the aperture of the lens; b is a mixture of x Is the size of the lens array in the X-axis direction; n is the number of pixels covered by a single lens in the X direction(ii) a p is the pixel spacing; m is the resolution of a single viewpoint in the Y-axis direction.
15. A light field display device as claimed in claim 14, wherein each two adjacent pixel spacings p in the display assembly are less than or equal to 10 μm.
16. A light field display system characterized by a light field display device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 15.
CN202110587427.6A 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 Light field display device and light field display system Pending CN115407521A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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