CN115407382A - Monitoring system and monitoring method for abnormal radiation of nuclear power station - Google Patents
Monitoring system and monitoring method for abnormal radiation of nuclear power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN115407382A CN115407382A CN202210877765.8A CN202210877765A CN115407382A CN 115407382 A CN115407382 A CN 115407382A CN 202210877765 A CN202210877765 A CN 202210877765A CN 115407382 A CN115407382 A CN 115407382A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring system and a monitoring method for abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station, wherein the monitoring system comprises a lead-based shielding tube, a detector array and a universal bracket; the lead-based shielding pipe is erected on the universal bracket, and the detector array is laid in the lead-based shielding pipe; the detector array is used for detecting first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station when the universal support rotates in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored, carrying out primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station, and judging whether the radiation level of the monitored environment of the nuclear power station is abnormal or not according to the primary analysis result; and if the monitored radiation level of the nuclear power station environment is abnormal, determining a specific space region of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power station environment, detecting second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation when the universal support rotates in a set second solid angle in the specific space region of the abnormal radiation, and determining the position of an abnormal radiation source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection equipment, in particular to a monitoring system and a monitoring method for detecting and tracing and positioning abnormal radiation in a nuclear power station (reactor) environment.
Background
With the aggravation of energy crisis, the proportion of nuclear energy in the world energy structure is larger and larger, a plurality of nuclear power projects are in operation or in construction, and how to monitor abnormal environmental radiation becomes an important research direction for peacefully utilizing the nuclear energy. Environmental radiation includes natural radioactivity (mainly cosmic rays and natural radionuclides) as well as artificial radioactivity. Because nuclear reactors, nuclear wastes (water), possible nuclear leakage and other abnormal radiation sources exist in the nuclear power station environment at the same time, data such as radionuclide concentration, dosage, radiation level and the like need to be obtained through professional measurement so as to determine possible or actual damage of abnormal radiation to the surrounding environment of the nuclear power station and ensure public health and safety.
Most nuclear power stations in China are built with respective radiation monitoring systems, such as a DDN-based environment monitoring system of a Qinshan nuclear power station, an environment radiation continuous monitoring system (KRS) of a great gulf nuclear power station and the like. At present, data acquisition equipment adopted by radiation monitoring sites built and planned to be built in China is imported abroad, and although the automation degree is high, the operation and maintenance costs are very expensive. Therefore, the detection and source tracing monitoring system which is high in applicability, optimized in performance and low in cost is designed aiming at the abnormal radiation condition in the nuclear power station environment, and the significance is great.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a monitoring system and a monitoring method for abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station, which realize detection and retrospective positioning of an abnormal radiation source in a nuclear power station environment.
The invention provides a monitoring system for abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station, which comprises a lead-based shielding tube, a detector array and a universal bracket, wherein the lead-based shielding tube is arranged on the lead-based shielding tube; the lead-based shielding pipe is erected on the universal bracket, and the detector array is laid in the lead-based shielding pipe; the detector array is used for detecting first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station when the universal support rotates in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored, carrying out primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station, and judging whether the radiation level of the monitored environment of the nuclear power station is abnormal or not according to the primary analysis result; and if the monitored radiation level of the nuclear power station environment is abnormal, determining a specific space region of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power station environment, detecting second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation when the universal support rotates in a set second solid angle in the specific space region of the abnormal radiation, and determining the position of an abnormal radiation source.
Furthermore, the lead-based shielding tube comprises a collimator tube and a lead-based shielding ball arranged at one end of the collimator tube, the lead-based shielding ball is provided with a cylindrical mounting groove, and the detector array is laid at the bottom of the mounting groove.
Further, the detector array is based on lanthanum bromide crystals.
Further, when the detector array judges that the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment has an abnormal radiation source, a counting peak value is determined near a certain solid angle within a set first solid angle range, the abnormal radiation source is initially positioned, and a specific space area of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power plant environment is determined.
Further, the detector array determines photon tracks and energy of any point in the specific space region of the abnormal radiation according to the second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation, and determines the actual position of the abnormal radiation source by using the photon tracks and the energy.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for monitoring abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station, including: controlling the universal support to rotate in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored, and detecting first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored; performing primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the nuclear power station environment, and judging whether the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is abnormal or not according to the primary analysis result; if the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is abnormal, preliminarily determining a specific space region of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power station environment; controlling the universal support to rotate in a set second solid angle in the special space area of the abnormal radiation, and detecting second energy spectrum data of the special space area of the abnormal radiation; and determining the position of the abnormal radiation source according to the second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation.
Further, when the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment is judged to have an abnormal radiation source, a counting peak value is determined near a certain solid angle in a set first solid angle range, the abnormal radiation source is initially positioned, and a specific space area of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power plant environment is determined.
Further, according to the second energy spectrum data of the special space region of the abnormal radiation, the photon track and the energy of any point in the special space region of the abnormal radiation are determined, and the actual position of the abnormal radiation source is determined by the photon track and the energy.
The monitoring system and the method for the abnormal radiation of the nuclear power station can accurately monitor the abnormal radiation source in the environment of the nuclear power station, accurately position the accurate position of the abnormal radiation source, and have low operation and maintenance cost.
Drawings
For purposes of illustration and not limitation, the present invention will now be described in accordance with its preferred embodiments, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring abnormal radiation of a nuclear power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lead-based shield tube;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detector array configuration;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring abnormal radiation of a nuclear power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a detailed description of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and the described embodiments are merely a subset of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than a complete embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring abnormal radiation in a nuclear power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following describes a specific implementation of the present solution in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for monitoring abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station includes a lead-based shielding tube 100, a detector array 200, and a gimbal 300, where the lead-based shielding tube 100 is mounted on the gimbal 300, and the detector array 200 is laid in the lead-based shielding tube 100. The detector array 200 is used to detect the energy spectrum in the nuclear power plant environment under the drive of the gimbal. When the gimbal 300 rotates in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power plant to be monitored, the detector array 200 detects first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power plant, performs primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power plant, and judges whether the radiation level of the monitored environment of the nuclear power plant is abnormal or not according to the primary analysis result; if the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment is abnormal, the specific space area of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power plant environment is determined, and when the universal support 300 rotates in a set second solid angle in the specific space area of abnormal radiation, second energy spectrum data of the specific space area of abnormal radiation is detected, and the position of an abnormal radiation source is determined.
When the monitoring system for the abnormal radiation of the nuclear power station is used, the gimbal 300 rotates in a first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored, the detector array 200 detects first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station, and primary analysis is performed on the first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station, so that the radiation level of the monitored environment of the nuclear power station is rapidly evaluated. And after the first energy spectrum data is responded quickly and an analysis result is returned, if the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is evaluated to be normal, the monitored nuclear power station environment is a uniform area or the radiation condition is controllable. If the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment is abnormal, the result of the primary analysis indicates that the monitored nuclear power plant environment may have excessive radiation sources. At this time, based on the analysis result of the first energy spectrum data, the gimbal 300 rotates in a set second solid angle in the specific spatial region where the abnormal radiation is monitored, the detector array 200 detects the second energy spectrum data of the specific spatial region where the abnormal radiation is monitored, and the source tracing and positioning of the abnormal radiation source are performed through photon tracking and energy reconstruction.
The present embodiment uses a lead-based shielding tube 100 to enclose the detector array 200. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lead-based shield tube. Referring to fig. 2, the lead shielding tube 100 includes a collimator tube 101 and a lead shielding ball 102 disposed at one end of the collimator tube, wherein the lead shielding ball 102 has a cylindrical mounting groove. The detector array 200 is laid on the bottom of the mounting groove.
In this embodiment, the detector array is based on lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3: ce) crystal. At present, naI (Tl) crystals are mostly adopted as response materials in common energy spectrometers in the market, the main reason is the excellent cost performance, the average atomic number of NaI (Tl) is high, and the volume can be made large, so the detection efficiency is very high. However, the NaI (Tl) crystal is very deliquescent and has poor mechanical and thermal shock resistance, and more importantly, the energy resolution of the NaI (Tl) crystal is low (about 6% to 7%), so when detecting an area requiring high measurement accuracy in a complex environment of a nuclear power plant, the NaI (Tl) crystal will limit the performance of the detector. Another developing detector material is lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3: ce), which has both excellent energy resolution and rapid response time, and although currently more expensive than NaI (Tl), there is room for further economic improvements. Taken together, the detector array of the present embodiment employs a detector array based on lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3: ce) crystals, as shown in fig. 3.
In the embodiment, due to the excellent energy resolution performance of lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3: ce), the detector array can quickly respond to the analysis result of the first energy spectrum data, and can also obtain the accurate spatial position, dose distribution and other parameters of abnormal radiation in the fastest time, and the parameters are returned to the environment monitoring center for decision making in the first time.
In this embodiment, the first solid angle is larger than the second solid angle. The gimbal 300 is an existing gimbal with a full spatial solid angle rotation.
In the present embodiment, when the gimbal 300 rotates in the first solid angle set in the nuclear power plant environment to be monitored, and the detector array 200 determines that the abnormal radiation source exists in the measured radiation level of the nuclear power plant environment, a count peak can be observed near a certain solid angle within the first solid angle set, which is the initial positioning of the abnormal radiation source.
In the present embodiment, the gimbal 300 is controlled to rotate within the set first solid angle within the set second solid angle, the detector array 200 detects the second energy spectrum data of the abnormal radiation within the set space region, and determines the precise position of the counting peak of the detector array, i.e. determines the precise spatial coordinate position of the abnormal radiation source.
Assuming that the activity of the radiation source at a certain point is A, according to the definition of air kerma, the air kerma rate caused by gamma rays with greater energy at any point in space is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the radiation source:
wherein A is the activity of the radiation source; gamma-shaped δ Is the air kerma; l is the distance of the radiation source.
And the air kerma is proportional to the radiant flux N at that point:
N＝λK δ
thus, the radiant flux at any point in space can be determined as:
the above equation is the radiation field distribution function of the space point source. For a particular type and activity of radiation source, the radiation flux at any point in space is determined only by its relative position to the point source. Therefore, by setting the appropriate number of detector arrays according to different occasions, the accurate space coordinate of the radiation source can be obtained. Meanwhile, lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3: ce) is used as a detection crystal, so that the energy spectrum of gamma radiation can be measured.
The monitoring system for the abnormal radiation of the nuclear power station can accurately monitor the abnormal radiation source in the environment of the nuclear power station, accurately position the accurate position of the abnormal radiation source and has low operation and maintenance cost.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for monitoring abnormal radiation in a nuclear power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention. The method for monitoring the abnormal radiation of the nuclear power station comprises the following steps:
s100, controlling the universal bracket 300 to rotate in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power plant to be monitored, and detecting first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power plant to be monitored;
s200, performing primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the nuclear power station environment, and judging whether the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is abnormal or not according to a primary analysis result;
s300, if the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is normal, indicating that the monitored nuclear power station environment is a uniform area or the radiation condition is controllable;
s400, if the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is abnormal, preliminarily determining a specific space area of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power station environment;
s500, controlling the universal support to rotate in a set second solid angle in the special space region of the abnormal radiation, and detecting second energy spectrum data of the special space region of the abnormal radiation;
s600, determining the position of the abnormal radiation source according to the second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation.
In this embodiment, the first solid angle is larger than the second solid angle.
In this embodiment, when the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment is abnormal, according to the first energy spectrum data in the nuclear power plant environment, a count peak is preliminarily determined near a certain solid angle within a set first solid angle range, so as to obtain an initial position of an abnormal radiation source, and further preliminarily determine a specific spatial region of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power plant environment.
In the embodiment, the photon track and energy of any point in the specific space region of the abnormal radiation are determined according to the second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation, and the actual position of the abnormal radiation source is determined by using the photon track and energy.
The monitoring method for the abnormal radiation of the nuclear power station can accurately monitor the abnormal radiation source in the nuclear power station environment, accurately position the accurate position of the abnormal radiation source and has low operation and maintenance cost.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A monitoring system for abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station is characterized by comprising a lead-based shielding tube, a detector array and a universal bracket;
the lead-based shielding pipe is arranged on the universal support, and the detector array is laid in the lead-based shielding pipe; the detector array is used for detecting first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station when the universal support rotates in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored, carrying out primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station, and judging whether the radiation level of the monitored environment of the nuclear power station is abnormal or not according to the primary analysis result; and if the monitored radiation level of the nuclear power station environment is abnormal, determining a specific space region of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power station environment, detecting second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation when the universal support rotates in a set second solid angle in the specific space region of the abnormal radiation, and determining the position of an abnormal radiation source.
2. The system for monitoring nuclear power plant abnormal radiation as recited in claim 1, wherein the lead-based shielding tube includes a collimator and a lead-based shielding ball disposed at one end of the collimator, the lead-based shielding ball having a cylindrical mounting groove, the detector array being disposed at a bottom of the mounting groove.
3. The system for monitoring nuclear power plant abnormal radiation as recited in claim 1, wherein the detector array is a lanthanum bromide crystal based detector array.
4. The system for monitoring nuclear power plant abnormal radiation according to claim 1, wherein when the detector array determines that the abnormal radiation source exists in the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment, a counting peak value is determined near a certain solid angle within a set first solid angle range, the abnormal radiation source is initially positioned, and a specific space region of the abnormal radiation in the nuclear power plant environment is determined.
5. The nuclear power plant abnormal radiation monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the detector array determines a photon track and energy at any point in the specific spatial region of the abnormal radiation based on the second spectral data of the specific spatial region of the abnormal radiation, and determines the actual position of the abnormal radiation source using the photon track and energy.
6. A method for monitoring abnormal radiation of a nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling the universal support to rotate in a set first solid angle in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored, and detecting first energy spectrum data in the environment of the nuclear power station to be monitored;
performing primary analysis on the first energy spectrum data in the nuclear power station environment, and judging whether the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is abnormal or not according to the primary analysis result;
if the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power station environment is abnormal, preliminarily determining a specific space region of abnormal radiation in the nuclear power station environment;
controlling the universal support to rotate in a set second solid angle in the special space area of the abnormal radiation, and detecting second energy spectrum data of the special space area of the abnormal radiation;
and determining the position of the abnormal radiation source according to the second energy spectrum data of the specific space region of the abnormal radiation.
7. The method for monitoring nuclear power plant abnormal radiation according to claim 4, wherein when the radiation level of the monitored nuclear power plant environment is judged to have an abnormal radiation source, a count peak value is determined near a certain solid angle within a set first solid angle range, the abnormal radiation source is initially positioned, and a specific space region of the abnormal radiation in the nuclear power plant environment is determined.
8. The method for monitoring nuclear power plant abnormal radiation as recited in claim 4, wherein photon tracks and energies at any point in the specific spatial region of abnormal radiation are determined according to the second energy spectrum data of the specific spatial region of abnormal radiation, and the actual position of the abnormal radiation source is determined by using the photon tracks and energies.
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| CN202210877765.8A CN115407382A (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Monitoring system and monitoring method for abnormal radiation of nuclear power station |
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| CN202210877765.8A CN115407382A (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Monitoring system and monitoring method for abnormal radiation of nuclear power station |
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