CN115407046A - Comprehensive grindability characterization method based on rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content - Google Patents
Comprehensive grindability characterization method based on rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive abrasiveness characterization method based on a rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content, which comprises the following steps of firstly selecting a plurality of rock samples as research objects: the method comprises the following steps of XRD rock sample mineral component testing, equivalent quartz content calculation, casting slice manufacturing, microscopic image shooting, mineral particle outline dividing, mineral particle geometric parameter calculation, microscopic structure quantitative index and structure maturity grading calculation, irregular rock sample regularization manufacturing, rock grinding performance testing, correlation analysis of the rock microscopic structure quantitative index and equivalent quartz content and grinding performance, and building a model for jointly predicting grinding performance of the rock microscopic structure quantitative index and equivalent quartz content. The method provided by the invention realizes the purpose of predicting the abrasiveness of the rock by utilizing the underground irregular rock debris by considering the mesoscopic structure parameters of the rock and the internal relation between the equivalent quartz content and the abrasiveness of the rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling engineering, in particular to a method for representing abrasiveness through a rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content.
Background
Rock abrasiveness has always been a parameter of major concern in oil and gas drilling projects. At present, the method for acquiring the abrasiveness of the rock mainly comprises a CERCHAR grinding method, a bond ball grinding method, a logging parameter calculation method and a rock mechanical property method, wherein the CERCHAR grinding method is most commonly used, but the method also has the problems of difficult underground coring, high drilling cost, difficult effective experiment of obtaining most of rock debris in irregular shapes and the like, and the abrasiveness of the rock in the whole well section cannot be acquired. A plurality of models for predicting the abrasiveness of the rock by using a logging parameter calculation method are available, but the prediction model has no popularization and cannot be popularized to other blocks and strata. The general effect of predicting the grindability of the rock by a rock mechanical property method is poor.
In patent CN113009592B, a method for calculating the abrasiveness parameter of a rock sample by using the logging data of the rock sample is proposed, and the abrasiveness parameter of the conglomerate stratum is directly evaluated by using density logging data, resistivity logging data, neutron porosity logging data, acoustic logging data and natural gamma logging data, but the influence of the structure of mineral particles inside the rock on the abrasiveness is not considered.
In patent CN103306672B, it is proposed to determine the internal friction angles of the in-situ shale in different drilling directions, i.e. the abrasiveness in the directions, according to a relation model between the internal friction angle and the acoustic wave time difference and the drilling angle in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane. This method is limited firstly by the correlation between macroscopic bedding rock physical properties and rock abrasiveness, and secondly does not take into account the influence of the structure of the mineral particles inside the rock on the abrasiveness.
In summary, a method for representing the abrasiveness based on an irregular rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content is urgently needed at present, so that the abrasiveness of rocks can be accurately predicted through underground irregular rock debris, and finally the possibility of obtaining the abrasiveness of the rocks in the whole well section through the minimum cost is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for characterizing the abrasiveness of rocks based on the microstructure of irregular rocks and equivalent quartz content.
The invention provides a comprehensive grindability characterization method based on a rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting a plurality of rock samples as research objects; firstly, analyzing the mineral components of rock samples by adopting XRD, and calculating the equivalent quartz content EQC of each rock sample.
And S2, respectively manufacturing a casting body slice by adopting each rock sample, and then shooting a microscopic image. The method for manufacturing the casting body slice comprises the following steps: and (3) washing oil on the rock sample, then vacuum-infusing epoxy resin into the rock, and polishing to the thickness of 0.03mm. When a microscopic image is shot, the magnification of the microscope is adjusted to ensure that no less than 300 mineral particles are in the image, a single-polarization image is shot, the angles of the polarizer and the analyzer are adjusted, a compensator with the optical path difference of lambda is inserted for optical path difference compensation to reduce chromatic dispersion, and then an orthogonal polarization image is shot.
S3, dividing the mineral particle outline according to the microscopic image: firstly, a mineral particle contour dividing principle is formulated, a cellpool module in Python is used for preliminary division, and then ImageJ software is used for matching the formulated mineral particle contour dividing principle for fine division.
The mineral particle profile division principle is as follows:
(1) Large particles with obvious boundaries are divided preferentially; (2) Both the particle crumbs and the cement are treated as a single particle; (3) Dividing the particles into two particles according to the dividing condition after the particles are divided by the cracks, and dividing the particles into one particle when the cracks are less than 1/3 of the diameter of the particles, or dividing the particles into two particles; (4) The particles with incomplete image edges are directly regarded as a new particle to be divided; (5) When two particles are overlapped partially, the particles on the uppermost layer are divided preferentially, and the particles on the lower layer are directly divided into new particles according to the boundaries of the particles on the upper layer by neglecting the overlapped part during the division; (6) Clay and biohybrid are not classified as particles.
S4, calculating geometric parameters of the mineral particles after fine division, wherein the geometric parameters comprise the perimeter P, the area A, the roundness Rnd, the aspect ratio AR and the Feret diameter L of the mineral particle outline;
s5, calculating a mesoscopic structure quantization index, wherein specific indexes comprise a mesoscopic structure parameter TC, a ratio SF of the area of a circle with the same object area and perimeter, an interlocking factor g, a ratio CP of the square of the object perimeter and the object area A The logarithm of the square of the perimeter of the object to the logarithm of the area of the object Eds, the square of the ratio of the equivalent diameter of the object to the length Rnd, and the average variance ratio t of the sizes of the mineral particles;
s6, grading the structural maturity of all rock samples into 3 grades of immature, secondary mature and mature;
s7, preparing irregular rock samples into regular samples, then carrying out rock abrasiveness test on all the rock samples, and calculating the abrasiveness level value CAI of each rock sample. Method for making irregular rock samples into regularized rock samples: firstly, selecting one surface to be ground flat, then placing the ground flat into a rock standard sample manufacturing mould and casting epoxy resin to obtain a standard sample with regular composition of the epoxy resin and irregular rocks.
S8, statistically analyzing the correlation between the mesostructure quantitative index and the abrasiveness of the rock sample with the same maturity grade, and finding out the mesostructure quantitative index with the best correlation with the abrasiveness of the rock. Specifically, aiming at rock samples in the same maturity grade, each mesoscopic structure quantitative index is used as an abscissa, and the grinding grade value CAI of each rock sample is used as an ordinate for drawing, so as to obtain a fitting straight line and R of the fitting straight line 2 Value, maximum R 2 The abscissa of the graph corresponding to the value is the mesoscopic structure quantitative index with the best correlation with the rock abrasiveness.
And statistically analyzing the correlation relationship between the equivalent quartz content and the abrasiveness of the rock samples with the same maturity grade. Specifically, aiming at rock samples in the same maturity grade, the equivalent quartz content EQC is used as an abscissa, and the abrasiveness grade value CAI of the rock samples is used as an ordinate to perform plotting, so as to obtain a fitting straight line, namely a relational expression between the abrasiveness grade value CAI and the equivalent quartz content.
And S9, fitting a functional relation of the mesoscopic structure quantitative index with the best correlation between the rock abrasiveness and the equivalent quartz content to obtain a prediction model for predicting the rock abrasiveness by using the mesoscopic structure quantitative index and the equivalent quartz content together. Finally, a prediction model for predicting the abrasiveness of the rock by using the microscopic structure quantization index and the equivalent quartz content under three different structure maturity is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The method provided by the invention can obtain the distribution rule of the rock mesoscopic structure parameters, can quantify the mesoscopic structure characteristics, and solves the problem that the mesoscopic structure is difficult to quantify.
(2) The method provided by the invention can realize accurate division of the rock mineral particle outline, solves the problem that mineral particles in the rock are difficult to divide, and provides a theoretical basis for artificially and intelligently extracting the rock microscopic structure.
(3) The method provided by the invention can obtain the geometric characteristics and coordinate information of the mineral particles, and provides more accurate data support for the maturity grading of the rock microscopic structure; and scientific basis is provided for establishing a real rock sample for numerical simulation.
(4) The method provided by the invention can obtain a method for regularly manufacturing irregular rocks, can be used for manufacturing standard samples for on-site underground irregular rock debris, and provides feasibility for related tests.
(5) The method provided by the invention can obtain the quantitative index of the microscopic structure of the rock and the relation between the equivalent quartz content and the abrasiveness, and establishes a model for jointly predicting the abrasiveness by the quantitative index of the microscopic structure and the equivalent quartz content, so that the abrasiveness of the rock can be accurately predicted by underground irregular rock debris, the abrasiveness of the underground irregular rock can be accurately predicted in a large scale at low cost, and the possibility of obtaining the abrasiveness of the rock of the whole well section at minimum cost is finally realized.
(6) The method provided by the invention can be used for researching a plurality of microscopic structure quantization indexes and the relation between equivalent quartz content and drill bit abrasion, and revealing the whole geometric characteristics of mineral particles and the mechanism of the drill bit abraded by particle types through microscopic mechanics.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for comprehensively characterizing the abrasiveness based on the rock microstructure and the equivalent quartz content.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of a sheet of a cast body obtained by the preparation.
Fig. 3 is a single-polarization and cross-polarization image taken under a professional polarization microscope.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of mineral particle profile division.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of the preliminary partitioning using the cellpool module in Python.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of the results of fine segmentation using ImageJ software in conjunction with established principles for mineral grain contouring.
FIG. 7 is a stage of correlation analysis of the microscopic structure quantitative index with the equivalent quartz content and abrasiveness.
Fig. 8 is a model of mesoscopic structure quantification index (TC) and Equivalent Quartz Content (EQC) predicted abrasiveness.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
As shown in FIG. 1, the comprehensive abrasiveness characterization method based on the rock microstructure and the equivalent quartz content provided by the invention comprises the following steps in sequence: the method comprises the steps of XRD mineral composition testing (101), equivalent quartz content calculation (102), casting body slice manufacturing (103), microscopic image shooting (104), mineral particle outline division (105), mineral particle geometric parameter calculation (106), microscopic structure quantitative index and structure maturity grading calculation (107), irregular rock sample regularization manufacturing (108), rock abrasiveness testing (109), microscopic structure quantitative index and equivalent quartz content and abrasiveness correlation analysis (110), and building a model (111) for jointly predicting abrasiveness by the microscopic structure quantitative index and the equivalent quartz content.
Wherein, XRD mineral composition test (101) and equivalent quartz content calculation (102) are rock mineral composition analysis stages. A preparation stage for preparing a casting sheet (103) and taking a microscopic image (104) as an image. The mineral grain profile (105) is divided into image processing stages. And calculating geometric parameters (106) of the mineral particles, calculating a microscopic structure quantization index and a structure maturity grade (107) to form a parameter calculation stage.
In this example, 18 kinds of rock samples were used as the study subjects.
The method for manufacturing the casting body slice comprises the following steps: the rock samples were oil washed, cut, then epoxy resin was vacuum impregnated into the rock, pressed and polished to a thickness of 0.03mm. The resulting cast sheet is shown in FIG. 2.
When a microscopic image is shot, the magnification of the microscope is adjusted to ensure that no less than 300 mineral particles are in the image, a single-polarization image is shot, the angles of the polarizer and the analyzer are adjusted, a compensator with the optical path difference of lambda is inserted for optical path difference compensation to reduce chromatic dispersion, and then an orthogonal polarization image is shot. Fig. 3 is a single-polarization and cross-polarization image taken under a professional polarization microscope.
The mineral particle contour is divided according to the microscopic image, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a mineral particle contour partitioning principle is formulated, as shown in fig. 4, and the mineral particle contour partitioning principle is as follows:
(1) Large particles with obvious boundaries are divided preferentially; (2) Both the particle crumbs and the cement are treated as a single particle; (3) Dividing the particles into two particles according to the dividing condition after the particles are divided by the cracks, and dividing the particles into one particle when the cracks are less than 1/3 of the diameter of the particles, or dividing the particles into two particles; (4) The particles with incomplete image edges are directly regarded as a new particle to be divided; (5) When two particles are overlapped partially, the particles on the uppermost layer are divided preferentially, and the particles on the lower layer are directly divided into new particles according to the boundaries of the particles on the upper layer by neglecting the overlapped part during the division; (6) Clay and biohybrid are not classified as particles. And carrying out primary division by using a cellpool module in Python, and then carrying out fine division by using ImageJ software in combination with a formulated mineral particle contour division principle.
Then, the preliminary partition is performed using cellpool module in Python, and the result is shown in fig. 5. And then, the ImageJ software is matched with the established mineral particle contour dividing principle to perform fine division, and the result is shown in figure 6.
The divided mineral particle outline is firstly subjected to preliminary geometric parameter calculation, and then is further calculated according to a formula of the mesoscopic structure quantitative index, so that the final mesoscopic structure quantitative index is obtained and is shown in table 1.
Table 1, microscopic structure quantitative index of 18 rock samples
And (3) according to the microscopic structure of the rock, carrying out maturity grading according to the granularity, the sorting degree, the rounding degree and the impurity base content of the particles of the rock, and carrying out structural maturity grading on all rock samples, wherein the rock samples are classified into 3 grades of immature, secondary mature and mature. The specific classification criteria are as follows:
immaturity-the content of clay foreign groups in the rock sample exceeds 5%, the particles are generally poorly sorted and angular.
Sub-maturity-the clay content of the miscellaneous base in the rock sample is less than 5%, but the particle sorting is poor and the rounding is not very good.
Mature-rock samples contain little or no clay miscellaneous bases, and the particles are well sorted but are not well rounded.
A method of making an irregular rock sample into a regularized rock sample: firstly, selecting one surface to be ground flat, then placing the ground flat into a rock standard sample manufacturing mould and casting epoxy resin to obtain a standard sample with regular composition of the epoxy resin and irregular rocks.
Rock abrasiveness testing was then performed on all rock samples. In this example, the test methods were as per the methods of this document: ISRM blocked Method for Determining the abrasity of Rock by the CERCHAR abrasity Test. The testing instrument adopts a rock abrasiveness parameter and metal wear resistance parameter testing device disclosed in patent CN 201610325278.5. And finally, calculating the abrasiveness level value CAI of each rock sample.
As shown in fig. 7, correlation analysis is performed on a plurality of microscopic structure quantitative indexes extracted from rocks with different structure maturity, such as immature rocks, secondary rocks, mature rocks and rocks with different structure maturity, and equivalent quartz content and abrasiveness, so as to obtain a combination of the microscopic structure quantitative index with the maximum abrasiveness correlation and the equivalent quartz content in the rocks with the same structure maturity.
Firstly, the correlation between the mesostructure quantitative index and the abrasiveness of the rock sample with the same maturity grade is statistically analyzed, and the mesostructure quantitative index with the best correlation with the abrasiveness of the rock is found out. Specifically, aiming at rock samples in the same maturity grade, each mesoscopic structure quantitative index is used as an abscissa, and the grinding grade value CAI of each rock sample is used as an ordinate for drawing, so as to obtain a fitting straight line and R of the fitting straight line 2 Value, maximum R 2 The abscissa of the graph corresponding to the value is the mesoscopic structure quantitative index with the best correlation with the rock abrasiveness. In this embodiment, the microscopic structure quantization index TC is an index that is best associated with the abrasiveness of the rock. The abrasiveness of the sandstones of different ripeness levels as a function of TC is shown in fig. 8 (b).
Then, the rock samples of the same maturity grade are statistically analyzed for correlation between equivalent quartz content and abrasiveness. Specifically, aiming at rock samples in the same maturity grade, the equivalent quartz content EQC is used as an abscissa, and the abrasiveness grade value CAI of the rock samples is used as an ordinate to perform plotting, so as to obtain a fitting straight line, namely a relational expression between the abrasiveness grade value CAI and the equivalent quartz content. Fig. 8 (a) is a graph of the abrasiveness of sandstones with different maturity as a function of the equivalent quartz content EQC.
Under three different structure maturity, functional relations of a microscopic structure quantitative index TC and an equivalent quartz content EQC with the best correlation between the rock abrasiveness and the rock abrasiveness are respectively fitted, and the specific functional relation is shown in figure 8. And obtaining a prediction model for predicting the abrasiveness of the rock by the microscopic structure quantization index and the equivalent quartz content under three different structure maturity degrees.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive grindability characterization method based on a rock microscopic structure and equivalent quartz content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a plurality of rock samples as research objects; firstly, testing and analyzing mineral components of each rock sample, and calculating equivalent quartz content EQC of each rock sample;
s2, respectively manufacturing casting body slices by adopting each rock sample, and then shooting microscopic images to ensure that no less than 300 mineral particles exist in the images;
s3, dividing the mineral particle outline according to the microscopic image: firstly, a mineral particle contour dividing principle is formulated, a celldose module in Python is used for preliminary division, and then ImageJ software is used for fine division in cooperation with the formulated mineral particle contour dividing principle;
s4, calculating geometric parameters of the mineral particles after fine division, wherein the geometric parameters comprise the perimeter P, the area A, the roundness Rnd, the aspect ratio AR and the Feret diameter L of the mineral particle outline;
s5, calculating a microscopic structure quantization index, wherein specific indexes comprise detailed indexesAn apparent structure parameter TC, a ratio SF of a circle area where an object area and a circumference are the same, an interlocking factor g, a ratio CP of a square of the object circumference to the object area A The logarithm of the square of the perimeter of the object to the logarithm of the area of the object Eds, the square of the ratio of the equivalent diameter of the object to the length Rnd, and the average variance ratio t of the sizes of the mineral particles;
s6, grading the structural maturity of all rock samples into 3 grades of immature, secondary mature and mature;
s7, preparing irregular rock samples into regular samples, then carrying out rock abrasiveness test on all the rock samples, and calculating the abrasiveness level value CAI of each rock sample;
s8, statistically analyzing the correlation between the mesoscopic structure quantitative index and the abrasiveness of the rock sample with the same maturity grade, and finding out the mesoscopic structure quantitative index with the best correlation with the abrasiveness of the rock; analyzing the correlation relationship between the equivalent quartz content and the abrasiveness of rock samples of the same maturity grade;
s9, fitting a functional relation of the mesoscopic structure quantitative index with the best correlation between the rock abrasiveness and the equivalent quartz content to obtain a prediction model for predicting the rock abrasiveness by the mesoscopic structure quantitative index and the equivalent quartz content; finally, a prediction model for predicting the abrasiveness of the rock by using the microscopic structure quantization index and the equivalent quartz content under three different structure maturity is obtained.
2. The comprehensive characterization method for abrasiveness based on rock microstructure and equivalent quartz content according to claim 1, wherein the mineral particle profile division principle is as follows:
(1) Large particles with obvious boundaries are divided preferentially; (2) Both the particle crumbs and the cement are treated as a single particle; (3) Dividing the particles into two particles according to the dividing condition after the particles are divided by the cracks, and dividing the particles into one particle when the cracks are less than 1/3 of the diameter of the particles, or dividing the particles into two particles; (4) The particles with incomplete image edges are directly regarded as a new particle to be divided; (5) When two particles are overlapped partially, the particles on the uppermost layer are divided preferentially, and the particles on the lower layer are directly divided into new particles according to the boundaries of the particles on the upper layer by neglecting the overlapped part during the division; (6) Clay and biohybrid are not classified as particles.
3. The method for comprehensive characterization of abrasiveness based on rock microstructure and equivalent quartz content according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mineral composition of the rock sample is analyzed by XRD.
4. The method for comprehensively characterizing the abrasiveness based on the rock microstructure and the equivalent quartz content according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method for manufacturing the casting sheet comprises: and (3) washing oil on the rock sample, then vacuum-infusing epoxy resin into the rock, and polishing to the thickness of 0.03mm.
5. The method for comprehensive characterization of abrasiveness based on rock microstructure and equivalent quartz content according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the microscope magnification is adjusted to ensure that not less than 300 mineral grains are present in the photograph when the microscope image is taken, the single polarization image is taken, the polarizer and analyzer angles are adjusted, and a compensator with optical path difference λ is inserted to perform optical path difference compensation to reduce chromatic dispersion and then the orthogonal polarization image is taken.
6. The method for comprehensive characterization of abrasiveness based on rock microstructure and equivalent quartz content according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the irregular rock sample is made into a regularized rock sample by the following method: firstly, selecting one surface to grind flat, then placing the surface into a rock standard sample manufacturing mould and casting epoxy resin to obtain a standard sample with regular composition of the epoxy resin and irregular rock.
7. The method for comprehensively characterizing the abrasiveness based on the rock microstructure and the equivalent quartz content according to claim 1, wherein the step S8 comprises the following two steps:
s81, respectively taking each microscopic structure quantitative index as a sit-ups for rock samples in the same maturity gradeThe abrasiveness level value CAI of each rock sample is plotted as a vertical coordinate, a fitting straight line is obtained, and R of the fitting straight line is obtained 2 Value, maximum R 2 The abscissa of the graph corresponding to the value is the mesoscopic structure quantitative index with the best correlation with the rock abrasiveness;
s82, aiming at the rock samples in the same maturity grade, drawing by taking the equivalent quartz content EQC as a horizontal coordinate and the abrasiveness grade value CAI of the rock samples as a vertical coordinate to obtain a fitting straight line, namely the relational expression between the abrasiveness grade value CAI and the equivalent quartz content.
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