CN115401295A - Welding method for full penetration of weather-resistant steel U rib by double-sided welding - Google Patents
Welding method for full penetration of weather-resistant steel U rib by double-sided welding Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method for full penetration of double-side welding of a U rib of weathering resistant steel, which comprises the following steps of 1, assembling and positioning the U rib and a top plate to leave an assembling gap; 2. welding the seams of the two sides of the U rib and the top plate, and welding parameters: i is 360-450A, U is 29-34V, the speed is 380-430mm/min, and the welding is carried out in a horizontal position; 3. placing the welded orthotropic plate on an anti-deformation jig frame, pressing and arching the top plate, and turning over the anti-deformation jig frame to enable the inclination angle of the top plate to be 25 degrees; 4. and (3) completing welding of an outer side welding seam by adopting submerged arc automatic welding on the outer side of the U rib, wherein the welding parameters are as follows: i is 560-650A, U is 30-35V, the speed is 480-560mm/min, and the welding is carried out at a 25-degree ship position; 5. and (4) reversely overturning the reversible deformation jig frame to enable the inclination angle of the top plate to be 50 degrees, and completing welding of the other outer side of the U rib under the same welding condition as the step 4. According to the method, the double-side welded full-penetration leg with excellent welding quality is obtained through proper welding conditions and a proper ship position angle, the joint form of the weather-resistant steel U rib has excellent mechanical property, and the welding method is high in efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel material welding, and particularly relates to a full penetration welding method for double-side welding of a weather-resistant steel U rib for a bridge.
Background
The weathering steel (Q345 qDNH) is a low alloy steel series between common steel and stainless steel, is formed by adding a small amount of corrosion-resistant elements such as copper (less than or equal to 0.55%), nickel (less than or equal to 0.50%), chromium (less than or equal to 0.80%), titanium (less than or equal to 0.030%) and the like into plain carbon steel, and has the characteristics of toughness, ductility, corrosion resistance and the like of high-quality steel. Due to the increase of alloy elements, the strength of the steel plate is improved, the carbon equivalent is increased, the weldability is deteriorated, and the impact toughness of a welding heat affected zone is reduced, so that the welding process requirements on the weathering steel are stricter. Therefore, there are higher demands for selection of welding materials, welding parameters, shielding gases, and the like.
In the prior art, a welding method of Q345qDNH weathering steel for bridges (CN 201210367974.4) specifically provides welding schematic diagrams of a T-shaped fillet weld in a horizontal position and a vertical position in a fifth embodiment and a sixth embodiment, but a process for welding U ribs is not provided, and the welding effect of the U ribs cannot be expected. In the prior art, a composite welding method for K-shaped joints of U ribs of orthotropic steel bridge deck (CN 201811356622.2) provides a full penetration welding method for U rib plate units, wherein a double-sided welding groove is designed to avoid welding deformation, that is, a milling cutter is required to perform double-sided groove processing on two long sides of a U rib plate, and the processing size of the groove affects the quality of later-stage welding.
In order to achieve the welding quality of Q345qDNH weathering steel in the actual bridge construction process, a reasonable joint form and a welding method need to be designed, U rib corner welding joints are controlled to meet the full penetration requirement, the U rib double-sided submerged arc automatic welding of orthotropic steel bridge panels is achieved, verification is performed through process tests on the basis, and finally application and summarization are performed on finished products to explore a set of feasible technical scheme for the full penetration of the weathering steel U rib double-sided submerged arc automatic welding, so that the fatigue resistance of orthotropic steel bridge panels is improved, the bridge construction quality is ensured, the factory and standard level of weathering steel bridge manufacturing is improved, and the technical progress of green bridge construction is further promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a joint form of Q345qDNH weathering steel for bridges and a welding method with excellent mechanical property and high efficiency. The following technical scheme is adopted:
a welding method for full penetration of weathering steel U rib double-sided welding comprises the following steps:
(1) Assembling and positioning the U-shaped rib on the bottom surface of the top plate, and reserving an assembling gap between the U-shaped rib and the top plate;
(2) Longitudinal seams at two sides inside the U-shaped ribs are welded successively, submerged arc automatic welding is adopted for welding, welding materials are submerged arc welding wires TH 500-NQ-III phi 1.6mm, and welding parameters are as follows: i is 360-450A, U is 29-34V, welding speed V is 380-430mm/min, and the welding position is in a flat position;
(3) Placing the orthotropic plates manufactured by welding in the step (2) on a reverse deformation jig frame, starting a pressing device to clamp the top plate and arch the middle of a reverse deformation plate unit, and turning the reverse deformation jig frame for 25 degrees after pressing;
(4) One side outside the U rib is welded by adopting submerged arc automatic welding, the welding material is a submerged arc welding wire TH 500-NQ-III phi 3.2mm, and the welding parameters are as follows: i is 560-650A, U is 30-35V, the welding speed V is 480-560mm/min, and the welding position is kept to be a 25-degree ship position;
(5) And (5) reversely overturning the reversible deformation jig frame, wherein the overturning angle is 50 degrees, welding of the welding seam on the other side outside the U rib is completed, and the welding conditions are the same as those in the step (4).
Preferably, the welding parameter of the inner side of the U rib is 380-420A, the U is 30-32V, and the welding speed V is 400-420mm/min.
Preferably, the welding parameters of the outer side of the U rib are I from 590 to 620A, U from 32 to 34V, and the welding speed V from 500 to 550mm/min.
Preferably, the arching height is 1% of the roof width.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the flat position welding at the inner side of the U rib and adopts the welding process of 25-degree ship position at the outer side of the U rib, the welding station has important influence on the appearance forming of a welding seam, the middle part of a top plate is arched by means of a hydraulic anti-deformation swinging jig, and meanwhile, a U rib plate unit is overturned to the ship position welding with the ship position inclination angle of 25 degrees, the process has the advantages that firstly, the outer welding leg is more than 13 degrees by means of the arching to increase the size of a molten pool, compared with the process of forming a groove to enlarge the welding by cutting the joint of the U rib, the process of additionally increasing a large number of edge milling processes to open the groove can be avoided, the precision control requirement of the edge milling processes is high, and the cost is avoided to be increased; secondly, the welding leg welded with the top plate at the outer side of the U rib is proper in size when the size of a welding pool is larger by means of the inclination angle of 25 degrees, namely, the situation that the welding line is not melted through due to the fact that the ship position inclination angle is too small is avoided, the situation that the size of the welding leg is too small due to the fact that the ship position inclination angle is too large is also avoided, and the proper ship position angle is beneficial to improving the formation of the welding line.
2. Based on the steel components with the existing size and materials, the invention adopts the filament submerged arc welding process to weld the weld joint at the inner side of the U rib by adjusting the welding process parameters, namely adopting different welding process conditions at the inner side and the outer side of the U rib, and simultaneously adopts the submerged arc welding process at the outer side of the U rib and combines the 25-degree ship position angle to weld, thereby obtaining the weld joint with the optimal welding result. The full penetration of the joint of the U rib and the top plate is realized, the automatic double-sided welding of inner and outer side submerged arcs is implemented by adopting a welding robot, and the corrosion resistance property of a welding seam and a heat affected zone which are consistent with that of a base material can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding structure of an orthotropic plate unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single U-rib assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a system setup used in the welding process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic representation of the weld form of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second form of weld of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-sided welding full penetration macro acid etching phase diagram of the U-rib of the weathering steel of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the form of a single U-rib weld in the invention, including the welds numbered (1), (2), (3), and (4);
wherein, 1-top plate, 2-U rib, and 3-welding foot.
Detailed Description
The technical terms and technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Definition of technical terms:
the weld leg is the minimum distance in the cross section of the fillet weld in the weld from the weld toe on one cathetus face to the surface of the other cathetus face.
TH 500-NQ-III is a weathering resistant steel copper-plating submerged arc welding wire for railway vehicles. The used SJ101NQ sintered flux can be used for welding a weather-resistant steel structure with 500MPa tensile strength grade.
Leveling: the welding position with the welding seam inclination angle of 0 degree and the welding seam corner of 90 degrees is called a flat welding position. The welding at the flat welding position is called flat welding. The flat welding refers to a welding process that a welding position is a welding seam with a horizontal position or a small inclination angle, a welding rod is positioned on a workpiece, and a welder overlooks the workpiece. This welding position belongs to the one of the full welding positions that is most easily welded.
The ship position: the inclination angle of the welding line is 0 degree, the panel is turned over by a certain angle, the corner of the welding line is a welding position of an acute angle, the welding rod is positioned on the workpiece at the moment, and the welder overlooks the workpiece.
The steel material used in the orthotropic plate unit according to the present invention is Q345qDNH weathering steel for bridges, and the chemical composition (wt%) and weathering index thereof are shown in table 1. The steel can form a compact protective layer on the surface of a metal matrix under certain conditions, thereby showing atmospheric corrosion resistance.
TABLE 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a welding structure of an orthotropic plate unit according to the present invention. The orthotropic plate unit includes a top plate 1 and a U rib 2. In actual use, the top surface of the top plate 1 faces upward, and the U-rib 2 faces downward. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a U-rib assembly of an orthotropic plate unit. The top plate 1 is structural steel, the thickness of the top plate is larger than 12mm, and the performance and the processing precision of the top plate meet the relevant industry standards of China, the department of transportation and the like. The U-shaped rib 2 is structural steel, the thickness of the U-shaped rib is larger than 6mm, the height H is larger than or equal to 250mm, the width Wa of an upper opening is larger than or equal to about 250mm, the width Wb of a lower opening is larger than or equal to 150mm, the U-shaped rib is formed by rolling or cold bending, the performance and the processing precision of the U-shaped rib meet the relevant industry standards of China, the department of transportation and the like, and grooves are not formed on two sides of the lower corner of the U-shaped rib. The U-shaped ribs are positioned and arranged on the top plate 1 according to design requirements, and the U-shaped ribs are attached to the top plate as closely as possible. And after the U ribs are positioned on the top plate, welding the angle seams, performing full penetration welding, and checking the quality of the welding seams according to design requirements and relevant welding seam inspection rules.
The welding process used was a submerged arc automatic welder (model CPVE 630G), as shown in fig. 3. The U rib is hoisted to the top plate, and the hoisting device for the U rib 2 can be a hoisting device such as a gantry crane. The internal welding system equipment used by the invention at least comprises a welding head, a connecting pipeline and a power supply. The welding head is provided with an internal welding gun head. The welding head is fixed relative to the ground when in welding, is arranged in an inner space formed by the U-shaped rib and the top plate, and starts to perform inner welding on the orthotropic plate unit from the front end of the top plate when the unit to be welded moves relative to the welding head. The system equipment also comprises an external welding system, and an external welding machine head of the external welding system is arranged on the gantry. The external welding head is provided with an external welding gun head. The outer welding can be carried out simultaneously with the inner welding. According to the requirement, welding is simultaneously carried out on the inner side and the outer side of the U-rib angle seam, the welding quality is high, double-side welding is completed in one process, the production efficiency is high, the welding energy consumption is low, and the thermal deformation of a workpiece is small.
Based on the welding system equipment, the invention particularly provides a welding process and a welding method of the orthotropic plate unit. Different welding process schemes are formulated according to the material characteristics and the structural form of the U-shaped rib, welding is carried out according to the welding seam form shown in the figures 4 and 5, the thickness of a top plate is 32mm, the thickness of the U-shaped rib is 8mm, the welding seam is welded, the edge of the U-shaped rib, which is in contact with the top plate, is not provided with a groove, the outer side of the U-shaped rib adopts the inner side which is welded in a horizontal position firstly and the outer side which is welded in a ship position secondly, and the ship position inclination angle is 25 degrees. The inner side and the outer side are all automatically welded by adopting submerged arc, the welding materials are all TH 500-NQ-III, the diameter of the welding material at the inner side is 1.6mm, and the diameter of the welding material at the outer side is 3.2mm; the inner leg K =6 and the outer leg K =4 are controlled, different preheating temperatures are set in the welding process, different parameters such as current, voltage and welding speed are set according to the inner side and the outer side, and the welding temperature is strictly controlled, specifically, the welding process parameters are set as in the following table 2 in the embodiments 1 to 3. The specific welding steps are as follows:
(1) Assembling and positioning the U-shaped rib on the bottom surface of the top plate, and reserving an assembling gap between the U-shaped rib and the top plate;
(2) Longitudinal seams (such as seam numbers (2) and (3) shown in figure 7) on two sides inside the U-shaped rib are welded successively, submerged arc automatic welding is adopted, welding materials are submerged arc welding wires TH 500-NQ-III phi 1.6mm, and welding parameters are as follows: i is 360-450A, U is 29-34V, welding speed V is 380-430mm/min, and the welding position is in a flat position;
(3) Placing the orthotropic plates manufactured by welding in the step (2) on a reverse deformation jig frame, starting a pressing device to clamp and fix the top plate and arch the middle of a reverse deformation plate unit, and turning the reverse deformation jig frame for 25 degrees after pressing;
(4) Welding seams (welding seam number (1) or (4) shown in figure 7) on one side of the outside of the U rib adopt submerged arc automatic welding, welding materials are submerged arc welding wires TH 500-NQ-III phi 3.2mm, and welding parameters are as follows: i is 560-650A, U is 30-35V, the welding speed V is 480-560mm/min, and the welding position is kept at a 25-degree ship position;
(5) And (3) reversely overturning the reversible deformation jig by 50 degrees, completing welding of the welding seam (the welding seam serial number (4) or (1) shown in figure 7) on the other side outside the U rib, wherein the welding condition is the same as the step (4).
If a plurality of U ribs need to be welded on the top plate at the same time, the U ribs can be welded on the top plate through a welding machine according to the process, and repeated operation is carried out for multiple times. And (3) in the step (2), two longitudinal seams in the U rib are subjected to horizontal position welding under the welding condition, and the penetration depth of the welding seam on the inner side is small so as to enhance the strength of the whole joint of the U rib and simultaneously support a molten pool welded on the outer side and prevent penetration. In the step (3), the requirement of the anti-deformation plate unit for arching is that when the width of the top plate is 3-4 m, the preset arching chord height is about 30-40mm, namely the arching height is 1% of the width of the top plate, the arching is the preset anti-deformation, angular deformation after welding of the U-rib connector and the top plate is resisted, and the top plate is ensured to be close to a plane after the clamping is loosened.
TABLE 2
After the orthotropic plate units obtained by welding the three embodiments are welded and the room temperature is cooled, appearance inspection is carried out on each welding seam, the defects of cracks, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, incomplete arc craters, missing welding and the like on the surface are required, and the appearance quality meets the relevant specified requirements in the technical Specification for construction of highway bridges (JTG/T3650-2020). The internal quality of the welding seam is firstly subjected to nondestructive testing, the ultrasonic wave requirement reaches B I level and is qualified, the magnetic powder requirement reaches 1 level and is qualified, then, destructive mechanical experiments are carried out, and the main test results are shown in the following table 3. The welded orthotropic plate units of the three examples were subjected to macroscopic acid etching tests at the same time, and the corresponding gold phase diagrams were obtained as shown in fig. 5.
TABLE 3
Wherein the low-temperature impact test refers to a welding joint impact test method (GB/T2650-2008),
as can be seen from the mechanical properties and the macroscopic acid etching metallographic results in table 3 above, in the mechanical test results of example 1, the tensile strength 481Mpa of the weld metal does not reach the standard value, and from the observation of the macroscopic acid etching metallographic results of fig. 6, the weld metal does not reach full penetration, which indicates that the welding specification adopted in example 1 is smaller, the current value and the voltage value are smaller, and the fusion capability of the joint is insufficient.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the welding specifications are adjusted in the embodiments 2 and 3, namely, the welding current and voltage are increased, a relatively proper welding specification is adopted, the average value of the low-temperature impact of the welding seam in the mechanical test result of the embodiment 3 is 32J and is smaller than the standard value 34J, the macroscopic section acid-etched metallographic phase is observed, the deformation of the bridge deck plate, namely the top plate, is relatively large, and the welding specification adopted in the embodiment 3 is large, so that the heat input of the welding seam is high in a short time, the material is subjected to the problem of high cooling speed after being locally overheated, the material structure is embrittled, and the joint performance is reduced.
In the embodiment 2, the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the weld metal meet the standard and design, the average value and the single value of the low-temperature impact absorption work of the weld and the heat affected zone are both greater than 34J, which indicates that the impact toughness meets the basic requirement and has a certain margin, and the hardness of the weld, the heat affected zone and the base metal is also in a reasonable range. Further observing the acid-etched metallographic phase of the macroscopic section of the joint can show that the range of the section of the joint reaches full penetration, and welding defects such as air holes, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, cracks and the like do not exist in a welding line. The welding specification adopted in the embodiment 2 is proper, various performances of a welded joint can be guaranteed, the welded joint is in a 25-degree ship position when the outer side of the U rib is welded, an outer welding molten pool can be guaranteed to achieve ideal penetration under the action of gravity, and the appearance of the welded joint is guaranteed to be better formed.
On the basis of qualified physical layers, a spectrum analyzer is further adopted to detect the specific contents of various metal elements in the welding seam as shown in table 4, and it can be seen that under the action of high temperature, although various alloy elements have certain burning loss, the increase of the content of a few elements is possibly caused by the introduction of welding wires or grooves and impurities nearby, the chemical components in the welding seam region still meet the lower limit value of the weather-resistant steel element standard, and the weather-resistant index is calculated to be 6.15. (weather resistance index calculation formula I = 26.01: (Cu%) + 3.88: (Ni%) + 1.20: (Cr%) + 1.49: (Si%) + 17.28: -7.29: (Cu%) -Ni%) -9.10: (P%) -33.39: (Cu%) 2 ) And the value is larger than the basic line of the weather resistance index of 6.0, which shows that the welding line can still form an anticorrosive protective layer after being oxidized.
TABLE 4
Claims (4)
1. A welding method for full penetration of weathering steel U rib by double-sided welding is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps,
(1) Assembling and positioning the U-shaped ribs on the bottom surface of the top plate, and leaving assembling gaps between the U-shaped ribs and the top plate;
(2) Longitudinal seams at two sides inside the U-shaped ribs are welded successively, submerged arc automatic welding is adopted for welding, welding materials are submerged arc welding wires TH 500-NQ-III phi 1.6mm, and welding parameters are as follows: i is 360-450A, U is 29-34V, welding speed V is 380-430mm/min, and the welding position is in a flat position;
(3) Placing the orthotropic plates manufactured by welding in the step (2) on a reverse deformation jig frame, starting a pressing device to clamp and fix the top plate and arch the middle of a reverse deformation plate unit, and turning the reverse deformation jig frame for 25 degrees after pressing;
(4) A welding seam at one side outside the U rib is welded by adopting submerged arc automatic welding, the welding material is a submerged arc welding wire TH 500-NQ-III phi 3.2mm, and the welding parameters are as follows: i is 560-650A, U is 30-35V, the welding speed V is 480-560mm/min, and the welding position is kept at a 25-degree ship position;
(5) And (4) reversely overturning the reversible deformation jig frame, wherein the overturning angle is 50 degrees, welding of the welding seam on the other side outside the U rib is completed, and the welding conditions are the same as those in the step (4).
2. The welding method of claim 1, wherein the welding parameters I of the inner side of the U rib are 380-420A, U is 30-32V, and the welding speed V is 400-420mm/min.
3. The welding method of the weather-resistant steel U-rib double-sided welding full penetration, which is characterized in that the welding parameters of the outer side of the U-rib are 590-620A, 32-34V is adopted as U, and the welding speed V is 500-550mm/min.
4. The welding method of claim 1, wherein the arching height is 1% of the width of the top plate.
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| CN202211232547.5A Pending CN115401295A (en) | 2022-10-10 | 2022-10-10 | Welding method for full penetration of weather-resistant steel U rib by double-sided welding |
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