CN115400791A - Quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
Abstract
The invention is applicable to the technical field of materials, and provides quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. The quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber obtained by the invention is a bifunctional fiber with adsorption and catalysis purposes, and has strong polarizability due to the large atomic radius of phosphine atoms, compared with other adsorbents, the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber has obvious advantages in the aspects of adsorption capacity, cyclability and the like when being used for adsorbing anionic organic pollutants with large anionic radius.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The problem of water pollution is now one of the most pressing environmental problems worldwide, and anionic pollutants are one of the broad sources of pollution. The pollutants are nitrophenols, organic pesticides, detergents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The adsorption method is the most effective method for purifying polluted water sources, and has attracted extensive attention due to the advantages of low cost, simple operation, low energy consumption, high efficiency and the like.
In recent years, various ionic adsorbents have been developed, including modified hydrotalcite-like materials, activated carbon, chitosan, etc., but these adsorbents have problems of complicated preparation process, low adsorption amount, poor cycle performance, etc. in practical use. Therefore, the prepared adsorbent which is cheap and easy to obtain and has excellent performance has higher research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber, and aims to solve the problems of complex preparation process, low adsorption capacity and poor cycle performance of the existing adsorbent.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by grafting the organic micromolecules of the quaternary phosphonium salt after alkalization treatment to the surface of the acrylic fiber in a covalent bond mode under the action of an organic solvent and water.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber, including:
adding acrylic fiber, quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, organic solvent and water into a reaction container, reacting for 5-10h at the temperature of 110-140 ℃, and washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the acrylic fiber quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule aqueous solution.
The embodiment of the invention also aims at application of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber in adsorption of anionic organic pollutants.
The embodiment of the invention also aims at application of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber in catalyzing cyclization reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxy compound.
The quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber obtained by grafting the alkalized quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecules to the surface of the acrylic fiber in a covalent bond mode under the action of the organic solvent and water is a bifunctional fiber with adsorption and catalysis purposes, and has strong polarizability due to the large atomic radius of phosphine atoms, compared with other adsorbents, the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber has obvious advantages in the aspects of adsorption capacity, recyclability and the like when being used for adsorbing anionic organic pollutants with large anionic radius.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of acrylic fibers, quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fibers and quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fibers after being used for ten times by adsorption cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of acrylic fiber and quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of adsorption tests on anionic organic contaminants by quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fibers provided in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The quaternary phosphonium salt functional material is currently applied to a plurality of fields, such as conversion reaction for realizing enantioselectivity as an asymmetric phase transfer catalyst, and high-activity antibacterial material, and the quaternary phosphonium salt ionic liquid can green catalyze some organic reactions such as Diels-Alder reaction, hydroformylation reaction, carbonylation reaction and the like. However, there is little research on the multifunctional application of quaternary phosphonium salt modified materials. Based on the advantages of strong polarizability, high thermal stability, simple preparation and the like of the quaternary phosphonium salt group, the invention explores two applications of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized acrylic fiber in absorbing anionic pollutants in water and catalyzing the reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxy compounds.
The embodiment of the invention provides a quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber (PAN) QPS F fibers), the quaternary phosphonium salt dual-functional fibers are nylonUnder the action of an organic solvent and water, grafting the alkalized quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecules to the surface of the acrylic fiber in a covalent bond mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the quaternary phosphonium salt organic small molecule can be obtained by being purchased on the market, and when the quaternary phosphonium salt organic small molecule is (3-aminopropyl) triphenyl phosphonium bromide, the quaternary phosphonium salt organic small molecule can be prepared by the following preparation method, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: dissolving 3-bromopropyl-1-amine hydrobromide and triphenylphosphine in acetonitrile, heating, refluxing, standing at low temperature, and filtering to obtain solid.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S1 may specifically be:
3-bromopropan-1-amine hydrobromide (2.19g, 10mmol) and triphenylphosphine (2.62g, 10mmol) were dissolved in 25mL of acetonitrile, heated under reflux for 18 hours, allowed to stand at a low temperature for 12 hours after the reaction was completed, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration.
Step S2: and dissolving the solid matter in water, alkalifying with saturated potassium carbonate water solution, extracting, rotary steaming and drying to obtain the product.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S2 may specifically be:
and dissolving the solid matters precipitated in water, treating the solid matters with saturated potassium carbonate aqueous solution until the pH value is 11, extracting the product into dichloromethane, removing the solvent by rotary evaporation, and drying the obtained white solid product for 12 hours to obtain the target product (3-aminopropyl) triphenyl phosphonium bromide.
In the embodiment of the invention, whether the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule is alkalized or not determines whether the obtained quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule can be successfully grafted to the acrylic fiber or not, and specifically, NH is obtained without alkalization 3+ Also a quaternary phosphonium salt, but cannot be successfully grafted on acrylic fibers; and obtained by alkalization is NH 2 The quaternary phosphonium salt organic small molecule containing the amino group can be successfully grafted on the CN group of the acrylic fiber.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber, which comprises the following steps:
adding acrylic fiber, quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, organic solvent and water into a reaction container, reacting for 5-10h at the temperature of 110-140 ℃, and washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the acrylic fiber quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule aqueous solution.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the acrylic fiber to the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule is (0.3-1.5) to (0.1-10). Experiments show that the mass ratio of the acrylic fiber to the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule has a certain influence on the fiber loading effect, and the mass ratio of the acrylic fiber to the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule is preferably 0.3.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the process of preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber by the acrylic fiber and the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, water is needed to participate in the formation of an amido bond, and the failure of fiber grafting without weight increment is probably caused by not introducing water, so that apart of water is needed to be introduced as a solvent besides the selection of an organic solvent. The proportion of the organic solvent to the water also has certain influence on the grafting effect of the fiber, and experiments determine that the volume ratio is preferably (10-30) to (2-10), and more preferably, the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the water is 4:1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the organic solvent is one or more of ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and 1,4-dioxane in any proportion.
In the embodiment of the invention, the steps of adding acrylic fiber, quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, organic solvent and water into a reaction container, reacting for 5-10h at the temperature of 110-140 ℃, and washing and drying after the reaction are finished are specifically as follows:
adding acrylic fiber, quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, organic solvent and water into a reaction vessel, reacting for 7-8h at the temperature of 120-130 ℃, and repeatedly washing and drying by using distilled water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ after the reaction is finished to obtain the acrylic fiber/quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule/organic solvent/water composite material.
The embodiment of the invention provides an application of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber in adsorption of anionic organic pollutants.
Specifically, 10mg of dried PAN QPS F fibers were each immersed in 20mL of initial concentrateStirring the organic pollutants with different anions with the concentration of 200ppm at room temperature until the pollutants are adsorbed and balanced, measuring the absorbance of the pollutants at the maximum absorption wavelength of each pollutant respectively by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and calculating the corresponding concentration according to a corresponding standard curve. PAN was calculated from the amount of decrease in the concentration of the substance before and after adsorption QPS F adsorption performance on different substances. The adsorption capacity calculation formula is as follows:
qe is the equilibrium adsorption capacity (mmol- 1 )，C 0 And C e Corresponding to the adsorption start and end concentrations (ppm), V is the volume of contaminant (L), M is the mass of the functionalized fiber (g), M is the molecular weight of the contaminant, f is the functionalized fiber functionality (mmol g- 1 )。
The embodiment of the invention provides application of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber in catalyzing cyclization reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxy compounds.
The promotion of the industrialization process not only brings water pollution, but also affects the living environment of human beings by atmospheric pollution. The emission of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is rising year by year, and how to realize high-efficiency green conversion is one of the hot points of research. Among the many carbon dioxide fixation methods, the reaction of carbon dioxide with an epoxy compound for addition production of cyclic carbonates has been widely noticed because of the advantages of no solvent, 100% atomic efficiency, and the like. In addition, the cyclic carbonate has the characteristics of strong polarity, high boiling point, low toxicity, biodegradability and the like, can be used for polymer synthesis, is an important fine chemical intermediate, and has high industrial value. The invention preliminarily explores the green conversion of the catalysis of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized acrylic fiber, and aims to develop the versatility of the material and improve the practical application value.
Specifically, 2-chloromethyloxetane (5 mmol) and 0.5mol% equivalent of a fiber catalyst were sequentially added to a 10mL dry Schlenk tube. The system is connected into a balloon filled with carbon dioxide and then usedThe vacuum pump replaces the system gas for 3-4 times, and then continuously introduces CO of 0.1Mpa into the reaction system 2 And stirring for a certain time at a certain water bath temperature. After the experiment was finished, the reaction apparatus was cooled and the remaining CO was discharged 2 Gas was introduced into the reaction system, 2mL of acetone was added to wash the fibers, and the reaction filtrate was analyzed by gas chromatography.
It is worth noting that the current research mainly tends to realize the realization and optimization of one application of the functionalized material, and the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber prepared by the invention realizes double functionalization (two functions of adsorption and catalysis), thereby having higher practical application value.
Examples of certain embodiments of the invention are given below, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In addition, it should be noted that the numerical values given in the following examples are as precise as possible, but those skilled in the art understand that each numerical value should be understood as a divisor rather than an absolutely exact numerical value due to measurement errors and experimental operational problems that cannot be avoided. For example, due to errors in weighing apparatus, it should be understood that the weight values of each raw material for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber with respect to each example may have errors of ± 2% or ± 1%.
Example 1
3-bromopropan-1-amine hydrobromide (2.19g, 10mmol) and triphenylphosphine (2.62g, 10mmol) were dissolved in 25mL of acetonitrile, heated under reflux for 18h, allowed to stand at a low temperature for 12h after the reaction was completed, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration, then dissolved in water and treated with a saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution to pH 11, the product was extracted into dichloromethane, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the resulting white solid product was dried for 12h to give the objective product (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide (yield 76%).
A dry 100mL round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser was charged with 0.5g dry acrylic fiber (PANF), 0.1g (3-amino)Propylyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide, 10mL of distilled water and 2mL of ethylene glycol, and the system was heated to 110 ℃ for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, the fiber is taken out and repeatedly washed by distilled water at 65 ℃, and dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F，PAN QPS F weight gain was 11% and functionality was 0.25mmol/g.
Example 2
In a dry 100mL round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser were charged 0.7g of dry acrylic fiber (PANF), 2g of (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide prepared in example 1, 12mL of distilled water and 4mL of ethylene glycol, and the system was heated to 115 ℃ to react for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, the fiber is taken out and repeatedly washed by distilled water at 65 ℃, and dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F，PAN QPS F weight gain was 17% and functionality was 0.36mmol/g.
Example 3
In a dry 100mL round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser were charged 0.9g of dry acrylic fiber (PANF), 4g of (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide prepared in example 1, 15mL of distilled water and 6mL of ethylene glycol, and the system was heated to 120 ℃ to react for 7 hours. After the reaction is finished, the fiber is taken out and repeatedly washed by distilled water at 65 ℃, and dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F，PAN QPS The F weight gain was 25% and the functionality was 0.5mmol/g.
Example 4
In a dry 100mL round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser were charged 1.3g of dry acrylic fiber (PANF), 6g of (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide prepared in example 1, 25mL of distilled water and 8mL of ethylene glycol, and the system was heated to 130 ℃ to react for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the fiber is taken out and repeatedly washed by distilled water at 65 ℃, and dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F，PAN QPS F weight gain was 32% and functionality was 0.6mmol/g.
Example 5
In a dry 100mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser were charged 1.5g of dry acrylic fiber (PANF), 10g of (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide prepared in example 1, 30mL of distilled water and 10mL of ethylene glycol, and the system was heated to 140 ℃ to react for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the fiber is taken out and repeatedly washed by distilled water at 65 ℃, and dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F，PAN QPS F weight gain was 39% and functionality was 0.7mmol/g.
Example 6
A dry 100mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser was charged with 1.00g of dry acrylic fiber (PANF), 8.5g of (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide prepared in example 1, 24mL of distilled water and 6mL of ethylene glycol, and the system was heated to 126 ℃ to react for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the fiber is taken out and repeatedly washed by distilled water at 65 ℃, and dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F，PAN QPS F weight gain was 31.57% and functionality was 0.6mmol/g.
The morphology of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber prepared in example 6 of the present invention is observed, as shown in the scanning electron microscope image of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber shown in fig. 1, wherein fig. 1 (a) is acrylic fiber PANF, and fig. 1 (b) is quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F, FIG. 1 (c) shows quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN after being recycled for ten times through adsorption QPS-10 F, the acrylic fiber surface loaded with quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecules becomes rough, but the overall appearance is not greatly changed, and the fiber surface structure is not damaged.
The quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber prepared in the embodiment 6 of the invention is subjected to infrared test, and the obtained acrylic fiber PANF and the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS The infrared spectrum of F is shown in FIG. 2, wherein FIG. 2 (a) is acrylic fiber and FIG. 2 (b) is quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber PAN QPS F. The acrylic fiber contains a large amount of cyano-CN and a small amount of ester-COCH 3 At 2243cm -1 And 1733cm -1 Has strong absorption peaks respectively caused by stretching vibration of C ≡ N bond and C = O bondIn (1). After fibers load quaternary phosphonium salt micromolecules, 2243cm -1 The relative intensity of the absorption peak is reduced, and the absorption peak of the C = O bond is red-shifted to 1660cm -1 This indicates that part of the cyano groups of the fiber PANF participate in the grafting reaction and that the ester groups react more easily with the amino groups. After grafting of the quaternary phosphonium salt small molecule, the formation of amido bond is carried out at 3438cm -1 A corresponding expansion vibration absorption peak of 1248cm appears nearby -1 Stretching vibration corresponding to C-P bond, and furthermore, 740cm -1 And 689cm -1 The absorption peak at (a) is due to out-of-plane bending vibration of the C — H bond of the benzene ring.
Further, the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber prepared in embodiment 6 of the present invention is tested for the removal capability of the anionic organic contaminant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, by first adjusting the pH with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution and 0.1mol/L HCl solution, and adjusting the pH of the distilled water used for preparing the solutions with different pH values to the corresponding pH values in advance. Specifically, 10mg of PANQPSF fibers were immersed in 20.00mL of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions with an initial concentration of 500ppm and different pH values (pH =3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), and stirred at room temperature for 12h until adsorption equilibrium. After adsorption, respectively measuring the residual concentration of the solution under different pH values by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and calculating the adsorption quantity, wherein the test result is shown in figure 3, wherein the abscissa is the pH value of the solution, and the ordinate is the adsorption quantity of PANQPSF to sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, so that the PAN (polyacrylonitrile) functional fiber can be known QPS The adsorption capacity of the F to the anionic organic pollutant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is maintained between 4.3 and 5mol/mol, and the F has excellent adsorption performance. Further, the quaternary phosphonium salt functional fiber prepared in the embodiment 6 of the present invention is used for the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide and epichlorohydrin, specifically, 2-chloromethyl oxacyclopropane (5 mmol) and 1mol% equivalent PAN are sequentially added into a 10mL dry Schlenk tube QPS F, a fiber catalyst; introducing the system into balloon filled with carbon dioxide, replacing system gas with vacuum pump for 3-4 times, and continuously introducing 0.1Mpa CO into the reaction system 2 Stirring for a certain time at a certain water bath temperature; after the experiment was finished, the reaction apparatus was cooled and the remaining CO was discharged 2 Gas is injected into the reaction systemThe fibers were washed with 2mL of acetone, and the reaction filtrate was analyzed by gas chromatography, and the yields of cyclic carbonates obtained as a function of time were shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention synthesizes an organic small molecule having both an amino functional group and a quaternary phosphonium salt functional group, screens conditions such as a reaction solvent, a reaction temperature, a reaction time, and the like, and can graft the quaternary phosphonium salt functional small molecule having a large steric hindrance group onto the surface of the acrylic fiber, and through experiments on adsorption and catalysis of the acrylic fiber, it is explored that the quaternary phosphonium salt functional fiber prepared by the present invention is a bifunctional fiber having both adsorption and catalysis purposes, and the quaternary phosphonium salt functional fiber material shows obvious advantages in adsorbing anionic organic pollutants having a large anionic radius, such as adsorption amount and cyclability, compared with other adsorbents, because of a large atomic radius of a phosphine atom and a strong polarizability.
In addition, the technical key point of the invention is immobilization of the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecules on the acrylic fiber. As the steric hindrance of the quaternary phosphonium salt group is larger, the quaternary phosphonium salt group is difficult to graft in the microenvironment of the acrylic fiber with dense active sites, so that the method screens a reaction solvent in the early research and development process, and explores the grafting time and the reaction temperature to improve the functionality of the functional fiber, and the corresponding exploration results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, a single solvent such as water, 1,4-Dioxane, (CH) is used 2 OH) 2 When the solvent is replaced by (CH) with a higher boiling point, the grafting ratio of the fiber is lower 2 OH) 2 And when the proportion of the fiber to water is controlled, the fiber can reach a higher grafting rate, and the immobilization is more successful.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber is characterized by being obtained by grafting organic micromolecules of alkalized quaternary phosphonium salt to the surface of acrylic fiber in a covalent bond mode under the action of an organic solvent and water.
2. The quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt organic small molecule comprises the following steps:
dissolving 3-bromopropyl-1-amine hydrobromide and triphenylphosphine in acetonitrile, heating, refluxing, standing at low temperature, and filtering to obtain solid substance;
and dissolving the solid matter in water, alkalifying with saturated potassium carbonate water solution, extracting, rotary steaming and drying to obtain the product.
3. A method for producing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
adding acrylic fiber, quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, organic solvent and water into a reaction container, reacting for 5-10h at the temperature of 110-140 ℃, and washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the acrylic fiber quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule aqueous solution.
4. The method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylic fiber to the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule is (0.3-1.5) to (0.1-10).
5. The method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the water is (10-30) to (2-10).
6. The method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and 1,4-dioxane in any proportion.
7. The method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the quaternary phosphonium salt organic small molecule is (3-aminopropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide.
8. The method for preparing the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 3, wherein the acrylic fiber, the quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, the organic solvent and the water are added into a reaction vessel, the reaction is carried out for 5-10h at the temperature of 110-140 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, the fiber is obtained by washing and drying treatment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding acrylic fiber, quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule, organic solvent and water into a reaction vessel, reacting for 7-8h at the temperature of 120-130 ℃, and repeatedly washing and drying by using distilled water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ after the reaction is finished to obtain the acrylic fiber/quaternary phosphonium salt organic micromolecule/organic solvent/water composite material.
9. Use of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 1 or 2 for adsorbing anionic organic pollutants.
10. Use of the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized fiber according to claim 1 or 2 for catalyzing a cyclization reaction of carbon dioxide and an epoxy compound.
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