CN115394275A - 一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法 - Google Patents

一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法 Download PDF

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CN115394275A
CN115394275A CN202111589540.4A CN202111589540A CN115394275A CN 115394275 A CN115394275 A CN 115394275A CN 202111589540 A CN202111589540 A CN 202111589540A CN 115394275 A CN115394275 A CN 115394275A
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李新宇
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Shenzhen Dancing Future Technology Ltd
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Shenzhen Dashi Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其包括有如下步骤：步骤S1，预设声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二，声压能量阈值二大于声压能量阈值一；步骤S2，获取外部声响能量值；步骤S3，将外部声响能量值与声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二进行比较，当外部声响能量值大于声压能量阈值一且小于声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S4，当外部声响能量值大于声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S5；步骤S4，启动预设的主动降噪功能以消减高声压级能量；步骤S5，关闭预设的主动降噪功能，以被动降噪方式阻隔高声压级能量。本发明能够阻隔外部高声压级能量，在外界突然发生高声压级能量时能有效地起到听力保护作用，较好地满足了应用需求。

Description

一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法
技术领域
本发明涉及音频装置降噪处理方法，尤其涉及一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法。
背景技术
日常生活中，听力保护是相当重要的事。很多时候，当人们意识到需要保护听力的时候往往是听力已经出现了问题，然而听力受损基本是不可逆的，对年轻人来说，造成听力下降最为严重的因素是噪声，同时，耳机对我们的听力也有很大影响。
请参见图1，据现有资料，声音的分贝数越大，对人耳的伤害越大。人耳对噪声的忍受能力请参见下表：
声压(dBA) 持续时间(分钟)
80 480
83 240
86 120
89 60
92 30
95 15
98 7.5
101 3.75
现有技术中，一般通过ANC降噪来减小环境噪声，用户可以在更低的音量条件下听音乐，从而保护听力。但是以下几种情况例外：
首先，ANC打开，当有高声压级时，ANC的麦克风已饱和，导致失真的信号叠加到耳朵里，此时不仅没有起到降噪效果，还产生更大的伤害听力的能量；
其次，ANC关闭，只有被动降噪阻隔部分外界高声压级能量，不能有效利用ANC降噪功能；
此外，当ANC处于透传模式时，系统会放大高声压级能量导致耳朵内的声音能量变大，进而造成伤害。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的不足，提供一种能够在外界突然发生高声压级能量时起到听力保护作用，进而阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其包括有如下步骤：步骤 S1，预设声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二，所述声压能量阈值二大于所述声压能量阈值一；步骤S2，获取外部声响能量值；步骤S3，将所述外部声响能量值与所述声压能量阈值一和所述声压能量阈值二进行比较，当所述外部声响能量值大于所述声压能量阈值一且小于所述声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S4，当所述外部声响能量值大于所述声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S5；步骤S4，启动预设的主动降噪功能以消减高声压级能量；步骤S5，关闭预设的主动降噪功能，以被动降噪方式阻隔高声压级能量。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，将等效于用户鼓膜处80dBA SPL的FF MIC声压能量级作为所述声压能量阈值一。
优选地，所述步骤S1中，将实验室测试得到的FF MIC即将饱和的高声压能量级作为所述声压能量阈值二。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，通过FF MIC或者Talk MIC获取外部声响能量值。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，获取外部声响能量值的过程包括：将FF MIC或者Talk MIC实时采集的外界声音信号变化量转换成音频数据流，采用A计权模拟系统对所述音频数据流进行计算，得到当前外部声响能量值。
优选地，利用双线性变换法将所述A计权模拟系统的传递函数转换为数字滤波器。
优选地，所述听力保护方法对应设有虚拟开关，所述虚拟开关设于预设的 App内，启动所述虚拟开关时执行所述步骤S1至所述步骤S5，关闭所述虚拟开关时不执行所述步骤S1至所述步骤S5。
本发明公开的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法中，通过实时监测外部高声压级能量并采取干预措施的方法来实现保护听力功能。具体过程中，通过实时监测外部高声压级能量，并与预先设定的声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二进行比较，当高声压级的能量超过预设声压能量阈值一时，系统会开启 ANC功能以保护听力，当高声压级的能量超过预设声压能量阈值二时，系统会关闭ANC功能以保护听力。相比现有技术而言，本发明能够阻隔外部高声压级能量，在外界突然发生高声压级能量时能有效地起到听力保护作用，较好地满足了应用需求。
附图说明
图1为现有资料中声音分贝数所对应的环境示意图；
图2为本发明听力保护方法的流程图；
图3为A计权网络曲线示意图；
图4为A计权模拟系统架构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作更加详细的描述。
本发明公开了一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，请参见图2，其包括有如下步骤：
步骤S1，预设声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二，所述声压能量阈值二大于所述声压能量阈值一；
步骤S2，获取外部声响能量值；
步骤S3，将所述外部声响能量值与所述声压能量阈值一和所述声压能量阈值二进行比较，当所述外部声响能量值大于所述声压能量阈值一且小于所述声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S4，当所述外部声响能量值大于所述声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S5；
步骤S4，启动预设的主动降噪功能以消减高声压级能量；
步骤S5，关闭预设的主动降噪功能，以被动降噪方式阻隔高声压级能量。
上述方法中，本发明通过实时监测外部高声压级能量并采取干预措施的方法来实现保护听力功能。具体过程中，通过实时监测外部高声压级能量，并与预先设定的声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二进行比较，当高声压级的能量超过预设声压能量阈值一时，系统会开启ANC功能以保护听力，当高声压级的能量超过预设声压能量阈值二时，系统会关闭ANC功能以保护听力。相比现有技术而言，本发明能够阻隔外部高声压级能量，在外界突然发生高声压级能量时能有效地起到听力保护作用，较好地满足了应用需求。
作为一种优选方式，所述步骤S1中，将等效于用户鼓膜处80dBA SPL的FF MIC声压能量级作为所述声压能量阈值一。所述步骤S1中，将实验室测试得到的FF MIC即将饱和的高声压能量级作为所述声压能量阈值二。
本实施例的所述步骤S2中，通过FF MIC或者Talk MIC获取外部声响能量值。具体地，所述步骤S2中，获取外部声响能量值的过程包括：将FF MIC或者TalkMIC实时采集的外界声音信号变化量转换成音频数据流，采用A计权模拟系统对所述音频数据流进行计算，得到当前外部声响能量值。
下面提供一个具体实施例作为进一步的解释说明。
实施例一
本实施例中，以音频装置为入耳式降噪耳机为例，该装置具有三个MIC， FF，FB和Talk MIC，其中FF MIC是位于耳道外部，通过FF MIC获得的数据为外部高声压级能量的数据。同样的，也可以通过Talk MIC获取外部高声压级能量数据。
本实施例中，预设阈值1表示系统打开ANC能够抵消的最小能量，通常也会认为在合理的时间内，如果不采取保护措施会对用户的听力造成损害。在此实施例中，认为等效于用户鼓膜处80dBA SPL的FF MIC的声压能量级属于恰当的阈值1。预设阈值2表示系统打开ANC能够抵消的最大能量，通过实验室测试FF MIC即将饱和的高声压级能量即为预设阈值2，当高声压级的能量超过阈值2，ANC的麦克风就会饱和导致ANC失效。喇叭可能会输出杂音甚至会增加耳内的声音能量。此时最佳的保护措施是关闭ANC，只用系统的被动降噪阻隔高声压级的能量。
对于具体的保护措施，在本实施例中，系统会将外置麦克风测量到的能量与阈值1和阈值2进行实时比较，并根据结果采取相应的措施。即：当麦克风能量大于阈值1小于阈值2时，系统打开ANC规避高声压级；当麦克风能量大于阈值2时，系统关闭ANC来避免ANC的麦克风饱和造成降噪阻隔失效。
在上述实施例一的基础上，对于外部高声压级的测量方法，本发明涉及的音频装置利用外置麦克风能实时采集到外界声音信号的变化，并将这种声音信号的变化转变成音频数据流。对音频流采用A计权模式对音频流进行计算，得到当前声音的能量。其中，A计权(A-Weighted)是一种用于音频测量的标准权重曲线，用于反映人耳的响应特性，声压电平源于A计权，用dbA表示。A计权被广泛应用于噪声和稳定音频信号的测量，其频域曲线如图3所示，从图3 中可以看出，使用A计权进行音频测量时，对低频的权重会低于中高频。由于 A计权对描述人耳听力相对于真实声学的频率响应最有意义，所以应用最为广泛。
具体地，A计权模拟系统的传递函数为：
Figure BDA0003429378190000061
其中：
Ω1＝2πf1,Ω2＝2πf2,Ω3＝2πf3,Ω4＝2πf4,A1000＝1.9997；
f1＝20.60Hz,f2＝107.7Hz,f3＝737.9Hz,f4＝12194Hz；
利用MATLAB软件将上述A计权模拟系统的传递函数转换为数字滤波器，并获得滤波器系数h(n)；具体是利用双线性变换法将所述A计权模拟系统的传递函数转换为数字滤波器；
请参见图4，设定输入的音频数据流为x(n)，则经过A计权模拟系统处理后，输出为y(n)，对y(n)数据进行声压级计算，进而获得当前音频的dbA值；
其中，声压级计算公式如下
Figure BDA0003429378190000062
其中：
Figure BDA0003429378190000071
关于本发明所述听力保护方法，在实际应用中可以通过设置虚拟开关来实现控制，例如：所述听力保护方法对应设有虚拟开关，所述虚拟开关设于预设的App内，启动所述虚拟开关时执行所述步骤S1至所述步骤S5，关闭所述虚拟开关时不执行所述步骤S1至所述步骤S5。
本发明公开的听力保护方法，其相比现有技术而言的有益效果在于：本发明能够阻隔外部高声压级能量，在外界突然发生高声压级能量时能有效地起到听力保护作用，较好地满足了应用需求。
以上所述只是本发明较佳的实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的技术范围内所做的修改、等同替换或者改进等，均应包含在本发明所保护的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，包括有如下步骤：
步骤S1，预设声压能量阈值一和声压能量阈值二，所述声压能量阈值二大于所述声压能量阈值一；
步骤S2，获取外部声响能量值；
步骤S3，将所述外部声响能量值与所述声压能量阈值一和所述声压能量阈值二进行比较，当所述外部声响能量值大于所述声压能量阈值一且小于所述声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S4，当所述外部声响能量值大于所述声压能量阈值二时执行步骤S5；
步骤S4，启动预设的主动降噪功能以消减高声压级能量；
步骤S5，关闭预设的主动降噪功能，以被动降噪方式阻隔高声压级能量。
2.如权利要求1所述的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，将等效于用户鼓膜处80dBA SPL的FF MIC声压能量级作为所述声压能量阈值一。
3.如权利要求1所述的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，将实验室测试得到的FF MIC即将饱和的高声压能量级作为所述声压能量阈值二。
4.如权利要求1所述的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，通过FF MIC或者Talk MIC获取外部声响能量值。
5.如权利要求4所述的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，获取外部声响能量值的过程包括：将FF MIC或者Talk MIC实时采集的外界声音信号变化量转换成音频数据流，采用A计权模拟系统对所述音频数据流进行计算，得到当前外部声响能量值；
A计权模拟系统的传递函数为：
Figure FDA0003429378180000021
其中：
Ω1＝2πf1,Ω2＝2πf2,Ω3＝2πf3,Ω4＝2πf4,A1000＝1.9997；
f1＝20.60Hz,f2＝107.7Hz,f3＝737.9Hz,f4＝12194Hz；
利用MATLAB软件将上述A计权模拟系统的传递函数转换为数字滤波器，并获得滤波器系数h(n)；
设定输入的音频数据流为x(n)，则经过A计权模拟系统处理后，输出为y(n)，对y(n)数据进行声压级计算，进而获得当前音频的dbA值；
其中，声压级计算公式如下
Figure FDA0003429378180000022
其中：
Figure FDA0003429378180000023
6.如权利要求5所述的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，利用双线性变换法将所述A计权模拟系统的传递函数转换为数字滤波器。
7.如权利要求1所述的可阻隔外部高声压级能量的听力保护方法，其特征在于，所述听力保护方法对应设有虚拟开关，所述虚拟开关设于预设的App内，启动所述虚拟开关时执行所述步骤S1至所述步骤S5，关闭所述虚拟开关时不执行所述步骤S1至所述步骤S5。
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